浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词（含答案）

浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词
　一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
　　英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
　　延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,
work,
stand,
lie,
know,
walk,
keep,
have,
wait,
watch,
sing,
read,
sleep,
live,
stay等。
　　终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,
close,
finish,
begin,
come,
go,
arrive,
reach,
get
to,
leave,
move,
borrow,
buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
　1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for
two
years,
during
the
past
three
years,
since
last
year,
how
long等。如：I
have
learned
English
since
I
came
here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
　2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It
raind
at
eight
yesterday
morning.(误)
rain为延续性动词，而at
eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,
begin,
get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It
began
to
rain
at
eight
yesterday
morning.(正)又如：
　　-When
did
you
get
to
know
Jack
　　-Two
years
ago.
　　-Then
you've
known
each
other
for
more
than
two
years.
　　-That's
right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
　　1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
　　The
train
has
arrived.火车到了。
　　Have
you
joined
the
computer
group 你加入电脑小组了吗？
　　2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
　　(1)他死了三年了。
　　误：He
has
died
for
three
years.
　　正：He
has
been
dead
for
three
years.
　　正：He
died
three
years
ago.
　　正：It
is
three
years
since
he
died.
　　正：Three
years
has
passed
since
he
died.
　　(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He
has
come
here
for
five
days.
　　正：He
has
been
here
for
five
days.
　　正：He
came
here
five
days
ago.
　　正：It
is
five
days
since
he
came
here.
　　正：Five
days
has
passed
since
he
came
here.
　　(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：
　　(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be
away,
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
begin/start→be
on,
die→be
dead,
move
to→live
in,
finish→be
over,
join→be
in/be
a
member
of,
open
sth.→keep
sth.
open,
fall
ill→be
ill,
get
up→be
up,
catch
a
cold→have
a
cold。
　　(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
　　(3)用句型"It
is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
　　(4)用句型"时间+has
passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
　　3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
　　He
hasn't
left
here
since
1986.
　　I
haven't
heard
from
my
father
for
two
weeks.
　　4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till
..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：
　　You
can't
leave
here
until
I
arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
　　I
will
not
go
to
bed
until
I
finish
drawing
the
picture
tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
　　5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
　　When
we
reached
London,
it
was
twelve
o'clock.
(reach为终止性动词)
　　Please
look
after
my
daughter
while/when
we
are
away.
(be
away为延续性动词短语)
　　6.终止性动词完成时不可与how
long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
　　误：How
long
have
you
come
here
　　正：How
long
have
you
been
here
　　正：When
did
you
come
here
巩固练习：
　1.
When
Henry
arrived
at
the
bus
stop,
the
bus
______
for
two
hours.
　　
A.
has
left
B.
had
left
　　
C.
has
been
away
D.
had
been
away
　　2.
I
______
the
League
for
five
years
so
far.
　　
A.
joined
B.
have
joined
C.
have
been
in
D.
join
　　3.
The
factory
______
since
the
February
of
1995.
　　
A.
has
been
open
B.
has
opened
C.
was
open
D.
opened
　　4.
Mary
and
Rose
______
friends
since
they
met
in
London
in
1998.
　
A.
have
made
B.
have
been
　C.
made
D.
have
become
　　5.
You
mustn't
______
until
he
comes
back.
　　
A.
be
away
B.
leave
　C.
be
left
D.
have
been
　　6.
The
meeting
______
for
a
week
now.
　　
A.
has
finished
B.
has
ended
　　
C.
has
been
over
D.
has
been
in
　　7.
Miss
Gao______this
school
since
1996.
　　
A.
has
come
to
B.
came
to
　　
C.
has
taught
D.has
been
in
　　8.
Ben
______
a
teacher
for
early
three
years.
　　
A.
has
been
B.
has
become
　　C.
was
D.
became
　　9.
I
______
home
for
a
week
up
to
now.
　
　A.
have
returned
　　B.
have
been
back
　　
C.
returned
D.
were
　　10.
How
long
________
Mr
Smith
________
　　
A.
did;
die
B.
was;
dead
　　
C.
was;
dying
D.
has;
been
dead
　　11.
When
I
______
in
Beijing,
it
was
raining
hard.
　　
A.
got
B.
reached
　　C.
arrived
D.
was
　　12.
Tom
______
the
car
for
two
months.
　　
A.
has
had
B.
bought
　C.
has
bought
D.
had
got
　　13.
-How
long
______
you
______
　　
-Two
weeks.
　　
A.
did;
all
ill
B.
have;
fallen
ill　
　
C.
were;
ill
D.
have;
been
ill
　　14.
Since
1942
he
______
his
hometown.
A.
has
left
　　
B.
has
moved
away
from　　
C.
has
been
away
from
　
　D.
moved
away
from
　　15.
I'll
lend
you
the
bike,
but
you
can
only
______
it
for
two
days.
　　
A.
borrow
B.
lend
C.
keep
D.
take
　　16.
The
bus
______
on
the
road
for
an
hour.
　　
A.
has
stopped
B.
stopped
　　
C.
is
stopping
D.
has
been
　　17.
Are
you
______
the
jacket
these
days
　　
A.
wearing
B.
putting
on
　
　
C.
dressing
D.
pulling
on
　　(Keys:
1-5
DCABB
6-10
CDABD
11-15
CADCC
16-17
DA)