必修一
Unit1
friendship
Grammar
●从容说课
According
to
the
contents
based
on
the
new
course
standard，senior
students
are
required
to
understand
the
function
of
grammar
and
can
use
it
freely.
Gradually
contact
and
understand
complex
language
phenomena
so
that
students
may
have
the
ability
to
summarize、analyze
and
explain.
This
is
the
third
period
of
this
unit.
In
this
period，we
mainly
deal
with
the
changes
between
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
In
order
to
make
students
grasp
it
well，I
think
it
is
necessary
to
give
them
more
practice
and
encourage
them
to
find
out
the
problems
of
grammar
by
themselves.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
words/phrases：Germans，with
so
many
clothes
on
2.Ability：
Use
learned
knowledge
to
interchange
direct
speech
and
indirect
speech
correctly
and
freely.
3.Emotion：
Cultivate
the
spirit
of
cooperation，self-teaching，and
self-exploring.
●教学重点
Master
the
interchanges
of
direct
speech
and
indirect
speech
in
the
declarative
sentences
and
interrogative
sentences.
●教学难点
Master
the
changes
of
the
pronouns，tenses，adverbials
in
the
interchanges
of
direct
speech
and
indirect
speech.
●教具准备
a
computer
connected
to
the
internet，a
project，a
blackboard
●教学过程
Step
1
Greetings
Greet
the
whole
class
as
usual.
Step
2
T：Now
I
want
you
to
translate
two
sentences
into
English.
Listen
carefully.“我喜欢交朋友”，the
second
one
“妈妈，
你看见我的笔记本了吗？”Now
how
to
translate
the
two
sentences？Who
wants
to
try？Yeah，Alice，you
try，please.
The
first
one.
S：I
like
making
friends.
T：Good，sit
down，please.
Alice
said，“I
like
making
friends”（Bb：Alice
said，“I
like
making
friends.”）
The
second
one.
Who
wants
to
try？OK，David，you
try，please.
S：Mum，have
you
seen
my
notebook？（Bb：David
asked，“Mom，have
you
seen
my
notebook.”）
T：Now
look
at
the
blackboard.
If
we
report
what
Alice
and
David
said
to
someone
else，how
to
do
it？
T
and
Ss：Alice
said
that
she
liked
making
friends.
David
asked
his
mum
if
she
had
seen
his
notebook.（Bb：Write
them
on
the
blackboard.）
T：Yes.
Let’s
come
to
our
text.
Read
the
sentences
in
exercise
1
of
discovering
structures.
Later
I’ll
ask
you
to
tell
me
what
you’ve
discovered.
Now，who
can
tell
me？
S1：We
should
pay
attention
to
the
changes
of
tenses.
Look
at
the
underlined
words.
S2：We
should
pay
more
attention
to
the
second
sentence.
In
direct
speech，it’s
a
general
question.
But
in
indirect
speech，we
should
use
if
or
whether
to
introduce
object
clause
besides
the
change
of
verb.
S3：If
it
is
a
special
question
in
direct
speech，we
should
use
the
original
interrogative
in
indirect
speech.
T：Wonderful!
Now
I’ll
give
you
brief
explanation
of
“Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech”（1）：Statements
&
Questions
☆You
use
Direct
Speech
when
you
want
to
show
the
exact
words
someone
said
or
wrote.
Use
quotation
marks
to
show
that
you
report
the
exact
words
a
person
used
and
a
reporting
clause
to
include
information
about
the
speak
and
the
situation.e.g.“I
had
a
great
time
at
the
picnic，”
she
told
her
mum.（direct
speech）（reporting
clause）
☆The
reporting
clause
may
come
before，within，or
after
the
direct
speech.
When
the
reporting
clause
comes
after
the
direct
speech，the
order
of
the
subject
and
the
verb
may
be
changed，e.g.
Jane
said/said
Jane.
This
typically
happens
when
the
reporting
clause
is
within
the
reported
speech
and
the
subject
is
not
a
pronoun.e.g.Jane
said，“I’ve
got
a
new
e-pal.
He
is
from
German.”
“I’ve
got
a
new
pal.
He
is
from
Germany，”
Jane
said/said
Jane/she
said.
Use
a
comma
to
connect
the
direct
speech
and
the
reporting
clause.
When
you
change
a
sentence
from
Direct
Speech
to
Indirect
Speech，you
sometimes
need
to
change
the
verb
tense.
You
may
also
need
to
change
pronouns
in
order
to
keep
the
same
meaning.
DIRECT
SPEECH←→INDIRECT
SPEECH
Present
Past
Past
past
or
past
perfect
Present
perfect
past
perfect
Past
perfect
past
perfect
e.g.“Did
you
get
e-mails
from
your
friends？”
she
asked.→
She
asked
if
I
had
got
e-mails
from
my
friends.
When
you
use
Indirect
Speech
to
report
what
someone
said，you
can
sometimes
change
the
exact
words
without
changing
what
the
speaker
actually
said.
e.g.
Wilson
said，“How
long
have
we
been
in
his
place？”→
Wilson
asked
how
long
you
had
been
here.
T：Next，let’s
do
some
exercises.
Look
at
Part
2.Change
the
following
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
and
indirect
into
direct.
First
do
it
by
yourselves.
Then
discuss
it
in
pairs.
Finally
I’ll
show
you
the
answers.（After
students
do
it，teacher
shows
the
following
on
the
screen.）
Suggested
answers：
1.Anne
said
that
she
was
going
to
hide
from
the
Germans.
2.Anne
said
that
she
didn’t
know
the
address
of
her
new
home.
3.She
said
she
couldn’t
ask
her
father
because
it
was
not
safe
to
know.
4.The
girl
said
she
had
had
to
pick
up
her
things
very
quickly.
5.Dad
asked
her
why
she
had
chosen
her
diary
and
old
letters.
6.“Are
you
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on”
Mum
asked.
7.“What
else
did
you
get？”
Margot
asked
her.
8.“When
will
we
go
back
home？”
Anne
asked.
9.“How
can
you
see
your
friends？”
Anne
asked.
10.“Why
did
you
go
out
last
night？”
Mother
asked
Anne.
T：You
did
a
good
job.In
fact，we
should
pay
attention
to
some
special
cases.In
the
interchanges
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech，it
is
not
necessary
for
us
to
change
“here，come，yesterday
and
so
on”
into
“there，go，the
day
before”
if
we
are
at
that
given
time
and
place.Of
course，if
the
content
in
Direct
Speech
is
objective
truth，it
is
also
not
necessary
to
change
tenses
in
Indirect
Speech.For
example：She
said
to
the
children，“The
earth
moves
around
the
sun.”→She
told
the
children
that
the
earth
moves
round
the
sun.As
to
this，you
should
remember.Is
that
clear？
Ss：Yes.
Step
3
T：OK.Let’s
deal
with
using
structures
on
page
42.Retell
the
story
to
consolidate
the
grammar.After
a
while，I
will
ask
some
of
you
to
report
your
story.Let’s
see
who
can
do
the
best.
Step
4
T：Thank
you
for
your
report!Now
play
the
game
on
page
43.Make
up
a
dialogue
in
groups
of
three.
S1：A：Who
was
waiting
for
them
there？
B：What
did
he
or
she
said？
C：He
or
she
asked
who
was
waiting
for
them
there.
S2：
Step
5
T：You
did
a
good
job.I
show
you
two
letters
to
see
how
well
you
understand
this
grammar.
Change
them
into
Indirect
speech.
Letter
1：
Dear
Bassanio，
My
friend，my
ships
are
all
lost
at
sea
and
now
I
have
to
pay
Shylock
with
a
pound
of
my
flesh
according
to
our
agreement.
Since
paying
him
will
cost
me
my
life，I
wish
to
see
you
before
I
die.If
you
love
me
not
enough
to
lead
you
here，forget
about
the
letter.
Yours，
Antonio
Letter
2：
Sir，
I
am
very
ill.
When
your
letter
reached
me，I
had
with
me
a
learned
young
doctor
from
Rome.
I
told
him
about
the
quarrel
between
Shylock
and
Antonio.
We
studied
many
law
books
and
he
knows
what
I
would
say.
I
ask
you
to
let
him
stand
in
my
place
and
pass
judgment.
He
is
young，but
I
never
knew
so
young
a
body
with
so
wise
a
head.
Yours，
Doctor
Bellario
T：Are
you
ready？Let’s
check
the
answers
with
the
whole
class.
Answers：Letter
1：
Bassabio
received
a
letter
from
Antonio.
In
the
letter，Antonio
said
that
his
ships
were
all
at
sea
and
he
had
to
pay
Shylock
with
a
pound
of
his
flesh
according
to
their
agreement.
Since
paying
Shylock
would
cost
him
his
life，he
wished
to
see
Bassanio
before
he
died.
He
said
if
Bassanio，s
love
for
him
was
not
enough
to
lead
him
there，Bassanio
should
forget
about
the
letter.
Letter
2：
Dpoctor
Bellario
wrote
in
his
letter
that
he
was
very
ill
and
he
had
been
with
a
learned
young
doctor
from
Rome
when
this
letter
reached
him.
He
had
told
the
young
doctor
about
the
quarrel
between
Shylock
and
Antonio.
They
had
studied
many
law
books
and
the
young
doctor
knew
what
he
would
say.
So
Bellariop
asked
the
Duck
to
let
the
young
man
stand
in
his
place
and
give
judgement.He
also
told
the
Duke
in
his
letter
he
had
never
known
so
young
a
body
with
so
wise
a
head.
T：Summary
and
homework
OK.In
this
class，we’ve
learned
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
After
class，review
the
content，and
remember
the
rules
of
changes
the
interchanges
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
Any
question？
S1：I
am
not
clear
about
the
phrase
“with
so
many
clothes
on”.
T：Note
the
following
structure：
（1）She
left
the
office
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
（2）The
murder
was
brought
in，with
his
hands
tied
behind
his
back.
（3）With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle，the
newly-elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
（4）Peter
soon
fell
asleep
with
the
light
still
burning.
Translation：
（1）____________（由那个男孩带路），we
had
no
trouble
finding
the
strange
cave.
（2）Jessica
was
standing
by
the
window，____________（手里拿着一封信）.
（3）____________（钥匙丢了），Anna
had
to
wait
until
her
husband
came
home.
（4）____________（因为有约翰帮助），we
are
sure
to
finish
the
work
ahead
of
time.
（5）The
old
man
lay
in
bed，unable
to
speak，____________（眼闭着嘴张着）.
Answers：
（1）with
the
boy
leading
the
way
（2）with
a
letter
in
her
hand
（3）With
the
key
lost
（4）With
John
to
help
us
（5）with
his
eyes
closed
and
mouth
open
●板书设计
Unit
1
Friendship
The
Third
Period
with
so
many
clothes
on
（1）She
left
the
office
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
（2）The
murder
was
brought
in，with
his
hands
tied
behind
his
back.
（3）With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle，the
newly-elected
presidents
having
a
hard
time.
（4）Peter
soon
fell
asleep
with
the
light
still
burning.
●活动与探究
Let
students
summarize
the
rules
of
the
grammar
by
themselves.
The
purpose
is
to
cultivate
their
ability
to
make
up
a
summary.
Divide
them
into
several
groups.
After
doing
that，students
form
groups
again
to
help
each
other.
●备课资料
1.
直接引语（变化前）
间接引语（变化后）
陈述句Jane
said，“I’m
very
fond
of
traveling.”
that引导的宾语从句Jane
said
that
she
was
very
fond
of
traveling.
一般疑问句“Is
this
your
umbrella，Mary？”asked
John.
whether/if引导的宾语从句John
asked
Marry
if
that
was
her
umbrella.
特殊疑问句“Marry，when
will
you
return
me
the
book？”asked
John.
wh-词引导的宾语从句John
asked
Marry
when
she
would
return
him
the
book.
祈使句The
officer
said
to
him，“Don’t
leave
your
post.”
不定式The
officer
ordered
him
not
to
leave
his
post.
Let’s
开头的祈使句I
said
to
him，“Let’s
start
at
once.”
that引导的宾语从句I
suggested
to
him
that
we（should）start
at
once.
感叹句He
said：“How
happy
I
am!”
that/what/how引导的宾语从句He
said
that
he
was
very
happy.He
said
how
happy
he
was.
直接引语
间接引语
thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthe
day
after
tomorrowyesterdaylast
nightthe
day
before
yesterdaygobringhere
that/thisthose/thesethen
beforethat
day/today/yesterday（the）next
dayin
two
days’
timethe
day
beforethe
night
beforetwo
days
beforecome/gobring/takethere/here
直接引语（变化前）
间接引语（变化后）
主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She
often
says，“All
men
and
women
are
equal
under
the
law.”“You
did
very
well，”
I
have
just
told
Tom.
从句动词时态不变She
often
says
the
all
men
and
women
are
equal
under
the
law.I
have
just
told
Tom
that
he
did
very
well.
主句动词为一般过去
引语动词为：
从句动词时态相应变化
从句动词变为：
一般现在时“I
know
it，”he
said.
一般过去时He
said
that
he
knew
it.
现在进行时“I’m
making
coffee
for
you
all，”she
said.
过去进行时She
said
she
was
making
coffee
for
us
all.
现在完成时“I
have
seen
her
before，”said
he.
过去完成时He
said
he
had
seen
her
before.
现在完成进行时He
said，“I
have
been
doing
it
for
hours.”
过去完成进行时He
said
he
had
been
doing
it
for
hours.
一般过去时“I
saw
her
last
Monday，”he
said.
过去完成时He
said
he
had
seen
her
the
previous
Monday.
过去进行时“I
was
waiting
for
Jim，”she
said.
过去完成进行时She
said
she
had
been
waiting
for
Jim.
过去完成时“Do
you
know
Rick
had
been
ill
in
bed
for
many
days
till
he
died？”Jack
asked.
过去完成时Jack
asked
if
I
knew
Rick
had
been
ill
in
bed
for
many
days
till
he
died.
一般将来时He
said：“We
shall
start
tomorrow.”
过去将来时He
said
they
would
start
the
next
day.
2.Change
the
following
passage
into
dialogues.
Bassanio
told
Antonio
that
he
was
in
love
with
Portia，a
rich
and
beautiful
lady，and
that
she
also
loved
him.
He
also
told
Antonio
that
he
could
ask
Portia
to
marry
him
because
he
had
no
many.
He
asked
Antonia
if
he
could
lend
him
three
thousand
ducats.
Antonio
told
him
that
all
his
ships
were
at
sea
and
he
had
no
money
at
present.
They
went
to
Shylock
to
borrow
the
money.
Shylock
didn’t
like
Antonio，who
had
many
times
told
others
about
his
greed
and
cruelty.
However，he
agreed
to
lend
Antonio
the
money
on
one
condition.
He
would
have
the
right
to
have
a
pound
of
Aantonio’s
flesh
to
be
cut
off
from
any
part
of
his
body
if
he
did
not
pay
the
money
back
at
the
end
of
three
months.
Antonio
said
that
he
would
accept
these
terms.
Bassanio
tried
to
keep
Antonio
from
accepting
them，but
Antonio
treated
them
as
a
joke
and
said
he
would
not
refuse
Shylock’s
offer
and
would
sign
the
agreement.
Dialogue：
B：Aantonio，my
friend.
I
am
in
love
with
a
rich
and
beautiful
lady，whose
name
is
Portia.
A：Does
she
love
you？
B：Yes，she
loves
me.
Or
at
least
I
think
so.
A：Have
you
asked
her
to
marry
you？
B：I
wanted
to，but
I
can’t.
A：Why
not？
B：Because
I
have
no
money.
A：If
that
is
your
only
problem.
I
can
help
you.
How
much
do
you
need？
B：I
would
be
very
grateful
if
you
can
lend
me
3000
ducats.
A：I’d
be
happy
to
help
you，but
all
my
ships
are
at
sea
and
I
have
no
money
at
present.
But
don’t
worry，I’ll
find
a
way
to
solve
this
problem.
B：Oh，you
are
such
a
kind
man.
Thank
you
very
much.必修一
Unit1
friendship
Grammar
(Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech
(Ⅰ)
整体设计
教学重点
Summarize
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
教学难点
Get
the
students
to
learn
about
the
special
cases
in
which
the
tenses
shouldn’t
be
changed.
教学方法
Discussing,
summarizing
and
practicing
教具准备
A
projector
and
other
necessary
teaching
tools
三维目标
Knowledge
aims:
Get
the
students
to
learn
and
grasp
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
Ability
aims:
Get
the
students
to
be
able
to
use
the
rules
to
express
their
meanings
and
retail
others’
correctly.
Emotional
aims:
1.
Get
the
students
not
to
be
afraid
of
grammar
learning.
2.
Get
the
students
to
develop
their
sense
of
group
cooperation.
教学过程
→Step
1
Revision
1.
Check
the
homework
exercises.
2.
Have
a
dictation
to
write
some
important
words
and
expressions.
Suggested
words
and
expressions:
upset ignore concern loose cheat reason share nature thunder entirely go
through hide
away calm
down set
down grow
crazy
about on
purpose face
to
face according
to
3.
Translate
some
sentences
using
the
patterns
we
have
learned.
Suggested
sentences:
1）为了上课不迟到，他七点钟就出发了。(in
order
to)
2）小明昨天没来上学确实是因为生病了。(It
is.
.
.
that.
.
.
)
3）这小房间里太闹。(far
too
much)
4）那是我第一次到北京。(It
is/was
the
first/second
time/that.
.
.
)
Suggested
answers:
1）In
order
not
to
be
late
for
class,
he
set
off
at
seven
o’clock.
/He
set
off
at
seven
o’clock
in
order
not
to
be
late
for
class.
2）It
is
because
he
was
ill
that
Xiaoming
didn’t
come
to
school.
3）There
is
far
too
much
noise
in
the
small
room.
4）It
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
been
to
Beijing.
→Step
2
Lead-in
Tell
the
class:In
the
last
lesson,
we
learned
Anne
Frank’s
story.
She
is
telling
her
stories
to
two
of
her
friends—you
and
Mary.
Mary
has
something
wrong
with
her
ears,
so
you
have
to
repeat
Anne’s
sentences,
using
Indirect
speech.
Sometimes
you
explain
Mary’s
sentences
to
Anne.
“I
have
to
stay
in
the
hiding
place.
”said
Anne.
→
Anne
said
she
had
to
stay
in
the
hiding
place.
“Do
you
feel
sad
when
you
are
not
able
to
go
outdoors
”
Mary
asked
Anne.
→
Mary
asked
Anne
if/whether
she
felt
sad
when
she
was
not
able
to
go
outdoors.
“I
don’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary,
”
said
Anne.
→
Anne
said
that
she
didn’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary.
“What
do
you
call
your
diary
”
Mary
asked.
→
Mary
asked
what
she
called
her
diary.
.
.
.
Get
the
students
to
go
on
this
topic
by
themselves.
→Step
3
Grammar
1.
Tell
the
class:Now
let’s
look
at
these
sentences
again.
If
we
want
to
change
Direct
Speech
into
Indirect
Speech,
what
should
be
changed
2.
Get
the
students
discuss
by
themselves.
Perhaps
most
students
can
find
sentence
structures,
tenses,
pronouns,
adverbials
of
time
and
place
and
verbs
should
be
changed.
3.
Show
the
students
the
form
on
the
screen.
These
are
the
rules.
当我们引用别人的话时，如果我们引用别人的原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语，一般用“”引起来。如果我们用自己的话把意思转述出来，被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1）直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that
引导。
Mary
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
help
you.
”
→Mary
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2）直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。
He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
playing
basketball
”
→He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
basketball.
注意：大多数情况下，if和whether都可以用，但后面和or
not连用时或在动词不定式前或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。
She
asked
me
whether
I
could
do
it
or
not.
3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由原句的疑问词who,
whom,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where
等引导。
My
sister
asked
me,
“What
do
you
think
of
the
film
”
→My
sister
asked
me
what
I
thought
of
the
film.
4）注意事项
（1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。
He
asked
Lucy,
“Where
have
you
been
”
→He
asked
Lucy
where
she
had
been.
Mary
said,
“What
do
you
want,
Ann
”
→Mary
asked
Ann
what
she
wanted.
（2)直接引语是客观事实、真理、规律等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
The
teacher
told
his
students,
“The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
”
→The
teacher
told
his
students
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
（3)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
He
said,
“I
haven’t
seen
my
daughter
today.
”
→He
said
that
he
hadn’t
seen
his
daughter
that
day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就没必要改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
时态变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一些常用词变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that
day
tomorrow
the
next
(following)day
next
week/month/.
.
.
the
next
(following)week/month.
.
.
yesterday
the
day
before
last
week/month/.
.
.
the
week/month/.
.
.
before
three
days/months/.
.
.
ago
three
days/month/.
.
.
this
week/month/.
.
.
that
week/month.
.
.
地点
here
there
动词
come
go
Option:如果学生基础较好，语法部分也可用英语讲解。
1.
Direct
Speech
In
direct
speech,
the
original
speaker’s
exact
words
are
given
and
are
indicated
by
quotation
marks.
“I
don’t
know
what
to
do,
”
said
Tom.
In
some
grammar
books,
“said
Tom”
is
referred
to
as
a
reporting
clause.
“I
don’t
know
what
to
do,
”
is
referred
to
as
the
reported
clause.
2.
Indirect
Speech
In
indirect
speech,
the
exact
meaning
of
the
speaker’s
words
is
given,
but
the
exact
words
are
not
directly
quoted.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
To
convert
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech:
If
the
main
verb
is
past
tense,
present
tense
verbs
in
“that
clause”
must
also
be
changed
to
past
tense.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
First
and
second
person
pronouns
must
be
changed
to
third
person
pronouns.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
(The
word
“that”
can
often
be
left
out:Tom
said
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
)
3.
Indirect
Questions
The
same
rules
apply
to
indirect
questions
as
to
indirect
statements.
The
difference
is
that
a
wh-clause
is
used
instead
of
a
that
clause.
Direct
question:“Did
Dick’s
horse
win
a
prize
”
Owen
asked.
Indirect
questions:Owen
asked
whether/if
Dick’s
horse
had
won
a
prize.
Direct
question:“Why
won’t
you
marry
me
”
asked
Donald.
Indirect
question:Donald
asked
her
why
she
wouldn’t
marry
him.
﹡In
telling
a
story
or
recounting
events,
a
speaker
using
direct
speech
has
all
the
resources
of
intonation
to
produce
a
lively
account.
Because
indirect
speech
is
always
reported
by
someone
else,
the
account
is
more
reserved
and
restrained.
“What
shall
we
do
”
asked
Mary.
“Don’t
worry,
Mary,
”
said
Dick,
“I’ve
got
a
plan.
”
Mary
asked
Dick
what
they
should
do.
He
told
her
not
to
worry
and
that
he
had
got
a
plan.
﹡The
ability
to
change
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
is
a
useful
skill
for
those
engaged
in
taking
the
minutes
of
a
meeting
or
reporting
on
events.
Direct
speech:“First
of
all,
I
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
helped
with
the
fair.
The
results
were
very
good,
and
we
will
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.
”
Indirect
speech:The
principal
said
that
he
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
had
helped
with
the
fair.
He
announced
that
the
results
were
very
good
and
that
the
school
would
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.
→Step
4
Practice
(Discovering
useful
structures)
Get
the
students
to
turn
to
Page
5.
Please
change
the
following
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
and
indirect
into
direct.
1.
“I’m
going
to
hide
from
the
Germans,
”
Anne
said.
2.
“I
don’t
know
the
address
of
my
new
home,
”
said
Anne.
3.
“I
cannot
ask
my
father
because
it
is
not
safe
to
know,
”
she
said.
4.
“I
had
to
pack
up
my
things
very
quickly,
”
the
girl
said.
5.
“Why
did
you
choose
your
diary
and
old
letters
”
Dad
asked
her.
6.
Mum
asked
her
if/whether
she
was
very
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on.
7.
Margot
asked
her
what
else
she
had
got.
8.
Anne
asked
her
father
when
they
would
go
back
home.
9.
Anne
asked
her
sister
how
she
could
see
her
friends.
10.
Mother
asked
Anne
why
she
had
gone
to
bed
so
late
the
night
before.
→Step
5
Correcting
mistakes
Analyze
the
common
mistakes
students
have
made
during
the
practice.
Let
the
students
look
at
the
screen
and
pay
attention
to
these
sentences.
Then
choose
the
right
sentence
and
make
it
clear
why
the
other
one
is
wrong.
→Step
6
A
game
Play
a
guessing
game
“who
is
my
secret
friend
”
One
student
comes
to
the
front
with
his
partner.
The
rest
students
ask
him
questions
while
his
partner
changes
them
into
indirect
speech.
In
the
end,
the
person
who
has
guessed
the
right
answer
can
come
to
the
front
to
take
the
place
of
the
first
student.
So
the
game
goes
on.
Suggested
sentences:
Can
your
friend
speak
What
does
he/she
wear
today
Is
he/she
tall
or
short
What
do
you
and
your
friend
do
in
your
free
time
Do
you
quarrel
with
each
other
.
.
.
→Step
7
Workbook
Do
Exercise
1
in
Using
Structures
on
Page
42.
Here
is
another
page
of
Anne’s
diary.
Read
it
through
and
then
use
indirect
speech
to
retell
the
story.
If
time
doesn’t
permit,
declare
it
as
homework.
Suggested
answers:
Anne
said
that
they
went
quickly
upstairs
and
into
the
hiding
place
when
they
arrived
at
Prinsengracht.
She
said
that
they
closed
the
door
behind
them
and
they
were
alone.
She
said
(that)Margot
had
come
faster
on
her
bicycle
and
was
already
waiting
for
them.
She
said
(that)all
the
rooms
were
full
of
boxes
and
they
lay
on
the
floor
and
the
beds.
She
said
(that)the
little
room
was
filled
with
bedclothes
and
they
had
to
start
clearing
up
at
once,
if
they
wished
to
sleep
in
comfortable
beds
that
night.
Anne
said
(that)her
mother
and
Margot
were
not
able
to
help.
She
said
(that)they
were
tired
and
lay
down
on
their
beds,
but
her
daddy
and
she,
the
two
“Helpers”
of
the
family,
started
at
once.
Anne
said
(that)they
unpacked
the
boxes,
filled
the
cupboards
and
tidied
the
whole
day,
until
they
were
extremely
tired.
She
said
they
did
sleep
in
clean
beds
that
night.
She
said
they
hadn’t
had
any
warm
food
to
eat
all
day,
but
they
didn’t
care.
Anne
said
(that)her
mother
and
Margot
were
too
tired
and
worried
to
eat,
and
her
daddy
and
she
were
too
busy.
→Step
8
Homework
1.
Finish
off
the
related
Workbook
exercises.
2.
Review
and
grasp
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
板书设计
Direct
Speech
Indirect
Speech
1.
Mary
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
help
you.
”
Mary
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2.
He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
playing
basketball
”
He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
basketball.
3.
My
sister
asked
me,
“What
do
you
think
of
the
film
”
My
sister
asked
me
what
I
thought
of
the
film.
4.
The
teacher
told
his
students,
“The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
”
The
teacher
told
his
students
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
活动与探究
Get
the
students
to
work
in
groups
of
four
out
of
class
and
design
a
questionnaire
to
find
out
what
kind
of
friends
your
classmates
are.
The
purpose
of
this
activity
is
to
encourage
students
to
think
independently
and
act
in
matters
of
immediate
concern
and
interest.
It
also
can
develop
students’
design
ability
and
spirit
of
cooperation.
Sample
questionnaire
Directions:
This
questionnaire
has
four
questions.
Each
question
is
followed
by
three
possible
answers.
Please
read
the
questions,
and
then
consider
which
response
fits
you
best.
Questions:
1.
Why
am
I
close
friends
with
this
person
now
A.
Because
he/she
is
someone
I
really
enjoy
sharing
emotions
and
special
events
with.
B.
Because
my
friend
would
be
upset
if
I
ended
the
relationship.
C.
Because
being
friends
with
him/her
helps
me
feel
important.
2.
Why
do
I
spend
time
with
my
friend
A.
Because
my
friend
would
get
mad
at
me
if
I
didn’t.
B.
Because
it
is
fun
spending
time
with
him/her.
C.
Because
I
think
it
is
what
friends
are
supposed
to
do.
3.
Why
do
I
listen
to
my
friend’s
problems,
or
to
what
my
friend
has
to
say
A.
Because
my
friend
praises
me
and
makes
me
feel
good
when
I
do.
B.
Because
it’s
interesting
and
satisfying
to
be
able
to
share
like
that.
C.
Because
I
really
value
getting
to
know
my
friend
better.
4.
Why
do
I
keep
promises
to
my
friend
A.
Because
I
believe
it
is
an
important
personal
quality
to
live
up
to
my
promises
to
a
friend.
B.
Because
it
would
threaten
our
friendship
if
I
were
not
trustworthy.
C.
Because
I
would
feel
bad
about
myself
if
I
didn’t.
Scoring
Sheet:
1.
A
3 B
2 C
1
2.
A
1 B
2 C
3
3.
A
1 B
2 C
3
4.
A
3 B
2 C
1
Explanations:
4~6
points:You
are
not
a
good
friend.
You
either
neglect
your
friend’s
needs
or
just
do
what
he/she
wants
you
to
do.
You
should
think
more
about
what
a
good
friend
needs
to
do.
7~9
points:You
are
a
good
friend
but
you
sometimes
let
your
friendship
become
too
important,
or
you
fail
to
show
enough
concern
for
your
friend’s
needs
and
feelings.
Try
to
strike
a
balance
between
your
friend’s
needs
and
your
own
responsibilities.
10+
points:You
are
an
excellent
friend
who
recognizes
that
to
be
a
good
friend
you
need
to
balance
your
needs
and
your
friend’s.
Well
done.必修一
Unit1
Friendship
Grammar
A.
Teaching
content
and
analysis
Teaching
content:
lear
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to
use
the
present
Progressive
tense
to
express
future
plans
Teaching
analysis:
gr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ammar
learning
is
an
important
part
in
language
leaning,
the
present
Progressive
tense
has
multiple
usage.
In
this
unit
we
know
it
can
show
future
actions.
B.
Teaching
aims
To
enable
students
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use
the
present
Progressive
tense
to
express
future
plans
C.
Teaching
methods
1.3P
(presentation
practice
production)model;
2.
TBLT
method
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(total
situation
action
and
task-based
language
teaching)
D.
Teaching
procedures
Dictation—Discovering
useful
structures—grammar—summary.
Step1
have
a
dictation
Designing
purpose:
to
check
whether
students
grasp
the
useful
words
Step
2
To
observe
the
followi
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sentences
and
make
conclusion
about
the
usage
of
the
direct
speech
and
indirect
speech.
1.
She
often
says,
“All
men
and
women
are
equal
under
the
law.”
She
often
says
(that)
all
men
and
women
are
equal
under
the
law
2.“I
like
reading
stories,”
said
John.
John
said
that
he
liked
reading
stories.
3.“I
don’t
like
cars,”
Sarah
said
to
him.
Sarah
told
him
that
she
didn’t
like
cars.
直接引语转变为间接引语时,
从句由that引导,
可省略;
主句动词为一般将来时或现在时,
从句动词时态不变。
直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。
Designing
pur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )pose：by
observing
and
them
conclude
by
students
themselves,
which
is
efficient
for
them
to
understand
grammar.
Step3.
Elementary
exercise
Using
the
proper
form
to
fill
in
the
blank.
1.
She
said,
“I
am
hungry.”
2.
Mum
said
to
me,
“You
can
do
it
yourself.”
3.
Mr.
Smith
said,
“He
is
a
good
worker.’’
4.Jack
said
to
me,
“You
look
worried
today.”
5.
We
said
to
her,
“They’re
cleaning
the
room.”
Answers:
1.She
said
she
was
hungry.
2.
Mum
told
me
that
I
could
do
it
myself.
3.
Mr.
Smith
said
that
he
was
a
good
worker.
4.
Jack
told
me
that
I
looked
worried
that
day.
5.
We
told
her
that
they
were
cleaning
the
room.
Designing
pur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )pose：to
practice
the
usage
of
the
present
progressive
to
show
future
actions
and
also
to
make
a
distinction
between
“will
+do”
structure
Step4
consolidation
exercise
(高考链接）
1.
Don’t
worry.
The
hard
work
that
you
do
now
______
later
in
life.
Will
be
repaid
B.was
being
repaid
C.has
been
repaid
D.was
repaid
2.
Mum,
I
was
wonder
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if
you
could
lend
me
a
few
dollars
until
I
______
on
Friday.
get
paid
B.got
paid
C.have
paid
D.had
been
paid
In
the
near
futur
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more
advances
in
the
robot
technology
______
by
scientist.
Are
making
B.are
made
C.will
make
D.will
be
made
4.All
visitors
to
this
village______
with
kindness
treat
B.are
treated
C.are
treating
D.had
been
treated
5.
After
getting
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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in
a
storm,
a
member
of
the
navy
team
______
four
days
late.
Rescued
B.
Was
rescued
C.
has
rescued
D.
had
been
rescued
Answers:
AADBB
Designing
purpose:
consolidate
grammar
Step
5.
Enhancement
exercise
:
Find
faults
and
correct
them.
Yesterday
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )my
birthday.
As
before,
I
got
a
lot
of
gifts,
and
I
wasn’t
excited.
Instead,
I
felt
boring.
At
this
time,
Mom
comes
in.
She
sat
beside
me
and
said,
“How
about
going
out
with
me
to
choose
gift
for
your
sister’s
birthday
on
next
Saturday ”
we
got
outside
and
spent
almost
two
hour
deciding
on
a
toy
for
my
sister.
Back
home,
I
felt
very
tired.
“now
you
see
how
many
time
others
spent
choose
gifts
for
you.
So
you
should
have
a
grateful
heart
in
our
life.
Designing
purpose:
to
enhance
knowledge
Teaching
reflection
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修一
Unit1
friendship
Grammar
从容说课
This
is
the
fourth
teaching
period
of
this
unit.
To
test
whether
the
students
have
grasped
the
important
and
difficult
language
points
they
learned
in
the
last
period,
the
teacher
should
first
offer
them
some
revision
exercises.
This
teaching
period
is
a
grammar
lesson.
The
students
are
expected
to
make
clear
the
differences
between
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech
and
grasp
the
main
usages
of
them
in
this
period.
Students
often
feel
grammar
very
abstract
and
boring,
so
it
is
necessary
to
make
the
class
lively
and
interesting.
Example
sentences
and
grammar
summary
should
be
carefully
designed
so
as
to
make
it
easy
for
students
to
understand
and
accept.
In
this
lesson,
we
will
first
offer
a
supposed
situation
and
make
the
students
learn
about
the
differences
between
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
The
situation
makes
students
know
that
when
talking
in
our
daily
life
sometimes
we
have
got
to
use
Direct
Speech
and
sometimes
we
also
need
to
use
Indirect
Speech.
This
is
to
help
them
to
have
the
sense
to
connect
grammar
form
with
real
situations
in
our
daily
life.
If
we
want
to
express
ourselves
clearly
and
correctly,
we
should
use
a
proper
form
of
language,
otherwise
others
can’t
understand
us.
That
is
why
it
is
necessary
for
us
to
have
some
knowledge
in
grammar.
Later
on,
we’ll
show
and
explain
the
rules
of
these
grammar
items,
that
is
to
say,
to
make
the
students
know
how
to
change
Direct
Speech
into
Indirect
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech
into
Direct
Speech.
Then
ask
them
to
do
exercises
in
Discovering
useful
structures,
Learning
about
language
on
Page
5.
It
will
make
the
students
further
know
about
the
differences
and
grasp
the
usages.
This
also
can
help
the
students
connect
grammar
rules
with
proper
language
forms
so
as
to
make
grammar
rules
less
abstract.
Then
we
will
ask
the
students
to
do
Exercise
1
in
Using
structures
on
Page
42.
If
the
students
have
difficulty,
help
them
and
check
their
mistakes
with
the
help
of
the
grammar
rules.
Tell
the
students
not
just
to
learn
some
simple
grammar
rules
but
to
learn
and
use
them
in
practical
situations.
For
example,
my
friend
says,
“I
will
come
here
tomorrow.
”
If
using
Indirect
Speech,
you
can
express
it
in
many
different
ways.
1.
If
at
the
same
time
in
the
same
place,
you
should
say:My
friend
says
she
(he)
will
come
here
tomorrow.
2.
If
the
time
has
changed
and
still
in
the
same
place,
you
should
say:My
friend
said
she
(he)would
come
here
the
next
day.
3.
If
the
place
has
changed
and
the
time
is
still
today,
you
should
say:My
friend
said
she
(he)would
go
there
tomorrow.
4.
If
both
the
time
and
the
place
have
changed,
you
should
say:My
friend
said
she
(he)would
go
there
the
next
day.
5.
If
both
the
time
and
the
place
have
changed,
the
other
should
say:He
(She)
said
he
(she)
would
go
there
the
next
day.
If
students
learn
the
grammar
this
way,
it
is
easier
for
them
to
grasp.
教学重点
Summarize
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
教学难点
Get
the
students
to
learn
about
the
special
cases
in
which
the
tenses
shouldn’t
be
changed.
教学方法
Discussing,
summarizing
and
practicing
教具准备
A
projector
and
other
necessary
teaching
tools
三维目标
Knowledge
aims:
Get
the
students
to
learn
and
grasp
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
Ability
aims:
Get
the
students
to
be
able
to
use
the
rules
to
express
their
meanings
and
retail
others’
correctly.
Emotional
aims:
1.
Get
the
students
not
to
be
afraid
of
grammar
learning.
2.
Get
the
students
to
develop
their
sense
of
group
cooperation.
教学过程
→Step
1
Revision
1.
Check
the
homework
exercises.
2.
Have
a
dictation
to
write
some
important
words
and
expressions.
Suggested
words
and
expressions:
upset ignore concern loose cheat reason share nature thunder entirely go
through hide
away calm
down set
down grow
crazy
about on
purpose face
to
face according
to
3.
Translate
some
sentences
using
the
patterns
we
have
learned.
Suggested
sentences:
1）为了上课不迟到，他七点钟就出发了。(in
order
to)
2）小明昨天没来上学确实是因为生病了。(It
is.
.
.
that.
.
.
)
3）这小房间里太闹。(far
too
much)
4）那是我第一次到北京。(It
is/was
the
first/second
time/that.
.
.
)
Suggested
answers:
1）In
order
not
to
be
late
for
class,
he
set
off
at
seven
o’clock.
/He
set
off
at
seven
o’clock
in
order
not
to
be
late
for
class.
2）It
is
because
he
was
ill
that
Xiaoming
didn’t
come
to
school.
3）There
is
far
too
much
noise
in
the
small
room.
4）It
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
been
to
Beijing.
→Step
2
Lead-in
Tell
the
class:In
the
last
lesson,
we
learned
Anne
Frank’s
story.
She
is
telling
her
stories
to
two
of
her
friends—you
and
Mary.
Mary
has
something
wrong
with
her
ears,
so
you
have
to
repeat
Anne’s
sentences,
using
Indirect
speech.
Sometimes
you
explain
Mary’s
sentences
to
Anne.
“I
have
to
stay
in
the
hiding
place.
”said
Anne.
→
Anne
said
she
had
to
stay
in
the
hiding
place.
“Do
you
feel
sad
when
you
are
not
able
to
go
outdoors
”
Mary
asked
Anne.
→
Mary
asked
Anne
if/whether
she
felt
sad
when
she
was
not
able
to
go
outdoors.
“I
don’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary,
”
said
Anne.
→
Anne
said
that
she
didn’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary.
“What
do
you
call
your
diary
”
Mary
asked.
→
Mary
asked
what
she
called
her
diary.
.
.
.
Get
the
students
to
go
on
this
topic
by
themselves.
→Step
3
Grammar
1.
Tell
the
class:Now
let’s
look
at
these
sentences
again.
If
we
want
to
change
Direct
Speech
into
Indirect
Speech,
what
should
be
changed
2.
Get
the
students
discuss
by
themselves.
Perhaps
most
students
can
find
sentence
structures,
tenses,
pronouns,
adverbials
of
time
and
place
and
verbs
should
be
changed.
3.
Show
the
students
the
form
on
the
screen.
These
are
the
rules.
当我们引用别人的话时，如果我们引用别人的原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语，一般用“”引起来。如果我们用自己的话把意思转述出来，被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1）直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that
引导。
Mary
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
help
you.
”
→Mary
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2）直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。
He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
playing
basketball
”
→He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
basketball.
注意：大多数情况下，if和whether都可以用，但后面和or
not连用时或在动词不定式前或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。
She
asked
me
whether
I
could
do
it
or
not.
3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由原句的疑问词who,
whom,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where
等引导。
My
sister
asked
me,
“What
do
you
think
of
the
film
”
→My
sister
asked
me
what
I
thought
of
the
film.
4）注意事项
（1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。
He
asked
Lucy,
“Where
have
you
been
”
→He
asked
Lucy
where
she
had
been.
Mary
said,
“What
do
you
want,
Ann
”
→Mary
asked
Ann
what
she
wanted.
（2)直接引语是客观事实、真理、规律等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
The
teacher
told
his
students,
“The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
”
→The
teacher
told
his
students
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
（3)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
He
said,
“I
haven’t
seen
my
daughter
today.
”
→He
said
that
he
hadn’t
seen
his
daughter
that
day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就没必要改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
时态变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一些常用词变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that
day
tomorrow
the
next
(following)day
next
week/month/.
.
.
the
next
(following)week/month.
.
.
yesterday
the
day
before
last
week/month/.
.
.
the
week/month/.
.
.
before
three
days/months/.
.
.
ago
three
days/month/.
.
.
this
week/month/.
.
.
that
week/month.
.
.
地点
here
there
动词
come
go
Option:如果学生基础较好，语法部分也可用英语讲解。
1.
Direct
Speech
In
direct
speech,
the
original
speaker’s
exact
words
are
given
and
are
indicated
by
quotation
marks.
“I
don’t
know
what
to
do,
”
said
Tom.
In
some
grammar
books,
“said
Tom”
is
referred
to
as
a
reporting
clause.
“I
don’t
know
what
to
do,
”
is
referred
to
as
the
reported
clause.
2.
Indirect
Speech
In
indirect
speech,
the
exact
meaning
of
the
speaker’s
words
is
given,
but
the
exact
words
are
not
directly
quoted.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
To
convert
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech:
If
the
main
verb
is
past
tense,
present
tense
verbs
in
“that
clause”
must
also
be
changed
to
past
tense.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
First
and
second
person
pronouns
must
be
changed
to
third
person
pronouns.
Tom
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
(The
word
“that”
can
often
be
left
out:Tom
said
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
)
3.
Indirect
Questions
The
same
rules
apply
to
indirect
questions
as
to
indirect
statements.
The
difference
is
that
a
wh-clause
is
used
instead
of
a
that
clause.
Direct
question:“Did
Dick’s
horse
win
a
prize
”
Owen
asked.
Indirect
questions:Owen
asked
whether/if
Dick’s
horse
had
won
a
prize.
Direct
question:“Why
won’t
you
marry
me
”
asked
Donald.
Indirect
question:Donald
asked
her
why
she
wouldn’t
marry
him.
﹡In
telling
a
story
or
recounting
events,
a
speaker
using
direct
speech
has
all
the
resources
of
intonation
to
produce
a
lively
account.
Because
indirect
speech
is
always
reported
by
someone
else,
the
account
is
more
reserved
and
restrained.
“What
shall
we
do
”
asked
Mary.
“Don’t
worry,
Mary,
”
said
Dick,
“I’ve
got
a
plan.
”
Mary
asked
Dick
what
they
should
do.
He
told
her
not
to
worry
and
that
he
had
got
a
plan.
﹡The
ability
to
change
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
is
a
useful
skill
for
those
engaged
in
taking
the
minutes
of
a
meeting
or
reporting
on
events.
Direct
speech:“First
of
all,
I
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
helped
with
the
fair.
The
results
were
very
good,
and
we
will
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.
”
Indirect
speech:The
principal
said
that
he
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
had
helped
with
the
fair.
He
announced
that
the
results
were
very
good
and
that
the
school
would
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.
→Step
4
Practice
(Discovering
useful
structures)
Get
the
students
to
turn
to
Page
5.
Please
change
the
following
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
and
indirect
into
direct.
1.
“I’m
going
to
hide
from
the
Germans,
”
Anne
said.
2.
“I
don’t
know
the
address
of
my
new
home,
”
said
Anne.
3.
“I
cannot
ask
my
father
because
it
is
not
safe
to
know,
”
she
said.
4.
“I
had
to
pack
up
my
things
very
quickly,
”
the
girl
said.
5.
“Why
did
you
choose
your
diary
and
old
letters
”
Dad
asked
her.
6.
Mum
asked
her
if/whether
she
was
very
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on.
7.
Margot
asked
her
what
else
she
had
got.
8.
Anne
asked
her
father
when
they
would
go
back
home.
9.
Anne
asked
her
sister
how
she
could
see
her
friends.
10.
Mother
asked
Anne
why
she
had
gone
to
bed
so
late
the
night
before.
→Step
5
Correcting
mistakes
Analyze
the
common
mistakes
students
have
made
during
the
practice.
Let
the
students
look
at
the
screen
and
pay
attention
to
these
sentences.
Then
choose
the
right
sentence
and
make
it
clear
why
the
other
one
is
wrong.
→Step
6
A
game
Play
a
guessing
game
“who
is
my
secret
friend
”
One
student
comes
to
the
front
with
his
partner.
The
rest
students
ask
him
questions
while
his
partner
changes
them
into
indirect
speech.
In
the
end,
the
person
who
has
guessed
the
right
answer
can
come
to
the
front
to
take
the
place
of
the
first
student.
So
the
game
goes
on.
Suggested
sentences:
Can
your
friend
speak
What
does
he/she
wear
today
Is
he/she
tall
or
short
What
do
you
and
your
friend
do
in
your
free
time
Do
you
quarrel
with
each
other
.
.
.
→Step
7
Workbook
Do
Exercise
1
in
Using
Structures
on
Page
42.
Here
is
another
page
of
Anne’s
diary.
Read
it
through
and
then
use
indirect
speech
to
retell
the
story.
If
time
doesn’t
permit,
declare
it
as
homework.
Suggested
answers:
Anne
said
that
they
went
quickly
upstairs
and
into
the
hiding
place
when
they
arrived
at
Prinsengracht.
She
said
that
they
closed
the
door
behind
them
and
they
were
alone.
She
said
(that)Margot
had
come
faster
on
her
bicycle
and
was
already
waiting
for
them.
She
said
(that)all
the
rooms
were
full
of
boxes
and
they
lay
on
the
floor
and
the
beds.
She
said
(that)the
little
room
was
filled
with
bedclothes
and
they
had
to
start
clearing
up
at
once,
if
they
wished
to
sleep
in
comfortable
beds
that
night.
Anne
said
(that)her
mother
and
Margot
were
not
able
to
help.
She
said
(that)they
were
tired
and
lay
down
on
their
beds,
but
her
daddy
and
she,
the
two
“Helpers”
of
the
family,
started
at
once.
Anne
said
(that)they
unpacked
the
boxes,
filled
the
cupboards
and
tidied
the
whole
day,
until
they
were
extremely
tired.
She
said
they
did
sleep
in
clean
beds
that
night.
She
said
they
hadn’t
had
any
warm
food
to
eat
all
day,
but
they
didn’t
care.
Anne
said
(that)her
mother
and
Margot
were
too
tired
and
worried
to
eat,
and
her
daddy
and
she
were
too
busy.
→Step
8
Homework
1.
Finish
off
the
related
Workbook
exercises.
2.
Review
and
grasp
the
rules
of
Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech.
板书设计
Direct
Speech
Indirect
Speech
1.
Mary
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
help
you.
”
Mary
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2.
He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
playing
basketball
”
He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
basketball.
3.
My
sister
asked
me,
“What
do
you
think
of
the
film
”
My
sister
asked
me
what
I
thought
of
the
film.
4.
The
teacher
told
his
students,
“The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
”
The
teacher
told
his
students
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
活动与探究
Get
the
students
to
work
in
groups
of
four
out
of
class
and
design
a
questionnaire
to
find
out
what
kind
of
friends
your
classmates
are.
The
purpose
of
this
activity
is
to
encourage
students
to
think
independently
and
act
in
matters
of
immediate
concern
and
interest.
It
also
can
develop
students’
design
ability
and
spirit
of
cooperation.
Sample
questionnaire
Directions:
This
questionnaire
has
four
questions.
Each
question
is
followed
by
three
possible
answers.
Please
read
the
questions,
and
then
consider
which
response
fits
you
best.
Questions:
1.
Why
am
I
close
friends
with
this
person
now
A.
Because
he/she
is
someone
I
really
enjoy
sharing
emotions
and
special
events
with.
B.
Because
my
friend
would
be
upset
if
I
ended
the
relationship.
C.
Because
being
friends
with
him/her
helps
me
feel
important.
2.
Why
do
I
spend
time
with
my
friend
A.
Because
my
friend
would
get
mad
at
me
if
I
didn’t.
B.
Because
it
is
fun
spending
time
with
him/her.
C.
Because
I
think
it
is
what
friends
are
supposed
to
do.
3.
Why
do
I
listen
to
my
friend’s
problems,
or
to
what
my
friend
has
to
say
A.
Because
my
friend
praises
me
and
makes
me
feel
good
when
I
do.
B.
Because
it’s
interesting
and
satisfying
to
be
able
to
share
like
that.
C.
Because
I
really
value
getting
to
know
my
friend
better.
4.
Why
do
I
keep
promises
to
my
friend
A.
Because
I
believe
it
is
an
important
personal
quality
to
live
up
to
my
promises
to
a
friend.
B.
Because
it
would
threaten
our
friendship
if
I
were
not
trustworthy.
C.
Because
I
would
feel
bad
about
myself
if
I
didn’t.
Scoring
Sheet:
1.
A
3 B
2 C
1
2.
A
1 B
2 C
3
3.
A
1 B
2 C
3
4.
A
3 B
2 C
1
Explanations:
4~6
points:You
are
not
a
good
friend.
You
either
neglect
your
friend’s
needs
or
just
do
what
he/she
wants
you
to
do.
You
should
think
more
about
what
a
good
friend
needs
to
do.
7~9
points:You
are
a
good
friend
but
you
sometimes
let
your
friendship
become
too
important,
or
you
fail
to
show
enough
concern
for
your
friend’s
needs
and
feelings.
Try
to
strike
a
balance
between
your
friend’s
needs
and
your
own
responsibilities.
10+
points:You
are
an
excellent
friend
who
recognizes
that
to
be
a
good
friend
you
need
to
balance
your
needs
and
your
friend’s.
Well
done.必修一
Unit1
friendship
Grammar
(Direct
&
Indirect
Speech(Ⅰ)
statements
&
questions)
Aims
To
discover
useful
words
and
expressions
To
discover
useful
structures
Procedures
I.
Warming
up
Warming
up
by
discovering
useful
words
and
expressions
Turn
to
page
4
and
do
Exercises
1,
2,
3
and
4
first.
Then
check
your
answers
with
your
class
partner.
II.
Learning
about
grammar:
Direct
and
Indirect
Speech
1.Direct
Speech
In
direct
speech,
the
original
speaker's
exact
words
are
given
and
are
indicated
by
quotation
marks.
★
“I
don’t
know
what
to
do,”
said
Dean.
In
some
grammar
books,
‘said
Dean’
is
referred
to
as
a
reporting
clause.
“I
don't
know
what
to
do,”
is
referred
to
as
the
reported
clause.
2.
Indirect
Speech
In
indirect
speech,
the
exact
meaning
of
the
speaker’s
words
is
given,
but
the
exact
words
are
not
directly
quoted.
★
Dean
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
To
convert
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech:
If
the
main
verb
is
past
tense,
present
tense
verbs
in
‘that
clause’
must
also
be
changed
to
past
tense.
Dean
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
First
and
second
person
pronouns
must
be
changed
to
third
person
pronouns.
Dean
said
that
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
(The
word
‘that’
can
often
be
left
out:
Dean
said
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do.)
3.
Indirect
Questions
Direct
question:
“Did
Marama’s
horse
win
a
prize ”
Owen
asked.
Indirect
questions:
Owen
asked
whether
(or
if)
Marama’s
horse
had
won
a
prize.
The
same
rules
apply
to
indirect
questions
as
to
indirect
statements.
The
difference
is
that
a
wh-
clause
is
used
instead
of
a
that
clause.
Direct
question:
“Why
won’t
you
marry
me ”
asked
Donald.
Indirect
question:
Donald
asked
her
why
she
wouldn’t
marry
him.
In
telling
a
story
or
recounting
events,
a
speaker
using
direct
speech
has
all
the
resources
of
intonation
to
produce
a
lively
account.
Because
indirect
speech
is
always
speech
reported
by
someone
else,
the
account
is
more
reserved
and
restrained.
“What
shall
we
do ”
asked
Bev.“Don’t
worry,
Bev,”
said
Duncan,
“I’ve
got
a
plan.”Bev
asked
Duncan
what
they
should
do.
He
told
her
not
to
worry
and
that
he
had
got
a
plan.
The
ability
to
change
direct
speech
into
indirect
speech
is
a
useful
skill
for
those
engaged
in
taking
the
minutes
of
a
meeting
or
reporting
on
events.
Direct
speech:
“First
of
all,
I
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
helped
with
the
fair.
The
results
were
very
good,
and
we
will
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.”
Indirect
speech:
The
principal
said
that
he
would
like
to
thank
everybody
who
had
helped
with
the
fair.
He
announced
that
the
results
were
very
good
and
that
the
school
would
now
be
able
to
buy
two
more
computers.
III.
Discovering
words
and
expressions
Do
exercises
1,
2,
3
and
4
on
page
4
and
5.
Check
your
work
with
your
partner’s.
IV.
Discovering
structures
Do
exercise
1
and
2.
Check
your
work
with
your
partner’s.
