必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
Grammar
Teaching
contents
Usages
of
Past
Participle
as
the
predicative
and
attribute.
Teaching
aims
To
help
students
learn
to
use
The
Past
Participle
(1)
as
the
Predicative
&
attribute
Important
and
difficult
points
Try to understand the meaning of the past participles in the sentences and
know how to deal with the exercises.
Teaching
Procedures
I.
Making
a
list
Make
is
a
word
which
is
so
active
that
it
forms
numerous
phrases.
Now
make
a
list
of
phrases
like
“make
a
list,
make
mistakes”.
Collocations
of
make…make
a
guess,
make
a
haircut,
make
haste,
make
holiday,
make
inquires,
make
a
joke,
make
a
journey,
make
a
landing,
make
a
leap,
make
a
living,
make
a
mistake,
make
a
motion,
make
a
noise,
make
a
note,
make
an
objection,
make
an
offer,
make
peace,
make
preparation,
make
progress,
make
a
progress,
make
a
promise,
make
a
proposal,
make
a
recovery,
make
a
remark,
make
a
reply,
make
a
report,
make
a
request,
make
a
resolution,
make
a
speech,
make
trouble,
make
a
turn,
make
war
II.
Reading
and
finding
Read
again
the
text
JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
“KING
CHOLERA”
and
find
out
all
the
examples
where
the
past
participle
is
used.
So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died.
(used
as
attribute)
But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people.
(used
as
predicative)
III
Doing
exercises
Turn
to
page
4
and
complete
in
pairs
Exercises
1,
2
and
3.
Then
check
your
answers
against
your
partners’.
IV.
Learning
about
the
making
and
uses
of
past
participle
To
form
the
past
participle
of
a
verb,
add
the
ending
-ed
to
the
base
form.
(But
note
that
many
common
verbs
have
irregular
past
participle
forms.)
The
past
participle
is
used
in
the
following
circumstances
◇After
the
auxiliary
have
in
the
perfect
tense
Has
the
radio
been
fixed
yet
◇After
a
form
of
the
auxiliary
be
in
the
passive
voice
The
radio
was
fixed
on
Monday.
◇After
the
verbs
have
and
get
with
a
causative
meaning
We
had
the
radio
fixed
last
week.
◇As
a
passive
participial
adjective
The
recently
fixed
radio
is
broken
again.
过去分词作定语
1
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般要后置。
two
married
womena
found
umbrellaa
used
stampfallen
leavesa
novel
written
by
Jimthe
letter
sent
to
our
boss
2
过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。
What’s
the
language
spoken
in
Germany They
decided
to
rebuild
the
damaged
bridge.
3
过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句。
He
is
fond
of
the
food
cooked
(=which
had
been
cooked)
by
your
mother.The
report
is
the
best
of
its
kind
ever
written
(=that
has
ever
been
written).
4
有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一名词的ed形式构成复合形容词。
a
three-legged
desk
a
one-eyed
dogan
honest-faced
man
a
warm-hearted
lady
Explain
the
usage
of
the
past
participles
as
predicative
and
attribute.
1.
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go,
come,
assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如：
The
man
looked
quite
disappointed.
He
is
greatly
discouraged
by
her
refusal.
His
hair
is
nearly
all
gone.
已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有accomplished,
amazed,
amused,
astonished,
broken,
closed,
completed,
complicated,
confused,
crowded,
devoted,
disappointed,
discouraged,
drunk,
excited,
frightened,
hurt,
interested,
lost,
satisfied,
surprised,
worried等。
2.
过去分词作定语
a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：
We
like
skating
in
the
frozen
lake
in
the
winter.
=We
like
skating
in
the
lake
which
has
been
frozen
in
the
winter.
How
many
finished
products
have
you
got
up
to
now
=How
many
products
that
have
been
finished
have
you
got
up
to
now
来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：
a
retired
worker=a
worker
who
has
retired
an
escaped
prisoner=a
prisoner
who
has
escaped
a
faded
/
withered
flower=a
flower
that
has
faded
/
withered
fallen
leaves=leaves
that
have
fallen
the
risen
sun=the
sun
that
has
just
risen
a
returned
student=a
student
who
has
returned
vanished
treasure=treasure
that
has
vanished
b)
用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Things
seen
are
better
than
things
heard.
=Things
which
are
seen
are
better
than
things
which
are
heard.
The
lobster
broiled
over
charcoal
was
delicious.
=The
lobster
which
was
broiled
over
charcoal
was
delicious.
Practice:
将下列句子译成英语。
1.
他看上去又累又沮丧.
2.
我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。
3.
我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.
4.
经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.
5.
早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。
6.
彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。
Sample
answers:
1.
He
looked
tired
and
depressed.
2.
We
will
go
on
with
our
experiment
as
soon
as
we
get
the
added
fund.
3.
We
can
see
the
part
of
the
moon
lighted
by
sunlight.
4.
After
a
night
spent
in
excitement
and
sleepless-ness,
I
forced
myself
to
take
a
long
walk
along
the
beach
the
next
day.
5.
As
early
as
in
1649,
Ohio
made
a
decision
that
free,
tax-supported
schools
must
be
established
in
every
town.
6.
Peter
was
very
amazed
at
all
this.必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
Grammar
Teaching
Aims
Knowledge
Aim
To
learn
about
the
past
participle
used
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative.
Ability
Aim
To
use
the
past
participle
used
as
the
attribute
and
the
predictive
freely
and
properly
in
speaking
and
writing.
Emotional
Aims
Encourage
the
students
learn
more
about
the
grammar.?
Help
the
students
to
form
the
good
habit
in
learning.?
Encourage
the
students
to
do
more
exercises
to
consolidate
their
knowledge.
Teaching
Important
Point
To
learn
about
the
past
participle
used
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative.
Teaching
Difficulty
To
know
the
differences
between
the
past
participle
and
the
present
participle.
Teaching
Aids
Multi-media
classroom
and
other
normal
teaching
tools.
Teaching
Procedure
Step
1
Greeting
T:
Hello,
my
friends.
Ss:
Hello,
Miss...
Step
2
Revision
T:
Do
you
still
remember
what
you
learned
in
this
unit
Would
you
please
say
something
about
the
great
scientists
we
learned
in
this
unit.
First
please
something
about
John
Snow.
S:
John
snow,
a
well-known
doctor
in
London,
defeated
cholera.
S:
He
got
interested
in
two
theories
explaining
how
cholera
killed
people.
S:
John
Snow
gathered
the
information
and
marked
it
on
a
map
where
all
the
dead
people
had
lived.
S:
He
discovered
that
many
of
the
deaths
were
near
the
water.
It
seemed
the
water
was
to
blame.
Ss:
...
T:
You
really
did
a
very
good
job.
Now,
let’s
say
something
about
Nicolas
Copernicus.
S1:
Nicolas
Copernicus
believed
that
the
earth
is
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
But
at
that
time
people
all
believed
God
had
made
the
world
and
for
that
reason
the
earth
was
special
and
must
be
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
S2:
In
1514
he
showed
his
theory
privately
to
his
friends
and
explained
his
theory.
S3:
He
was
very
cautious
because
he
did
not
want
to
be
attacked
by
the
Christian
church.
S4:
He
published
his
theory
as
he
lay
dying
in
1543.
S5:
His
theory
was
rejected
by
the
Christian
Church.
Step
3
Presentation
T:
Today
we
will
learn
the
grammar—past
participle
used
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative.
First
look
at
your
text
on
Page
4,
part
I.
Look
at
the
following
sentences
where
the
past
participles
are
used.
T:
In
this
sentence
the
past
participle
is
used
as
an
attribute
phrase.
Terrified
people
means
people
who
were
terrified.
Now
please
find
two
more
examples
from
the
reading
passages
with
past
participles
used
as
the
attribute.
You
are
allowed
to
find
as
many
sentences
as
possible
in
two
minutes.
(Two
minutes
later,
ask
the
students
to
report
what
they
have
found.)
S1:
From
the
stomach
the
disease
attacked
the
body
quickly
and
soon
the
affected
person
was
dead.
S2:
Immediately
John
Snow
told
the
astonished
people
in
Broad
Street
to
remove
the
handle
from
the
water
pump
so
it
could
not
be
used.
S3:
John
Snow
suggested
that
the
source
of
all
water
supplies
be
examined
and
new
methods
of
dealing
with
polluted
water
be
found.
S4:
He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
T:
Good.
You
just
found
all
the
sentences
containing
the
past
participles
used
as
the
attributes.
Besides
using
as
the
attribute,
the
past
participles
can
also
be
used
as
the
predicative.
Can
you
find
the
sentences
with
past
participles
used
as
the
predicative
Finish
it
in
two
minutes.
(Two
minutes
later,
let
the
students
read
these
sentences
with
past
participles
as
the
predicative.)
S1:
Neither
its
cause,
nor
its
cure
was
understood.
S2:
He
knew
it
would
never
be
controlled
until
its
cause
was
found.
S3:
He
got
interested
in
two
theories
explaining
how
cholera
killed
people.
S4:
They
were
given
free
beer
and
so
had
not
drunk
the
water
from
the
Broad
Street
pump.
S5:
He
found
that
it
came
from
the
river,
which
had
been
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London.
S6:
Immediately
John
Snow
told
the
astonished
people
in
Broad
Street
to
remove
the
handle
from
the
water
pump
so
it
could
not
be
used.
...
Step
4
Practising
T:
From
the
sentences
mentioned
just
now,
what
do
you
know
about
the
usage
of
past
participles
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative
S:
We
use
past
participles
as
attributes
when
we
want
to
join
two
clauses
together.
T:
Yes,
very
good.
Now
let’s
look
at
the
screen
and
finish
the
exercises
quickly.
Past
Participle
as
the
Attribute
Past
Participle
as
the
Predicative
1.terrified
people2.reserved
seats3.polluted
water4.a
crowded
room5.a
pleased
winner6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.children
who
look
astonished7.a
vase
that
is
broken8.a
door
that
is
closed9.the
audience
who
feel
tired10.an
animal
that
is
trapped
Suggested
answers:
1.people
who
are
terrified 2.seats
which
are
reserved 3.water
which
is
polluted 4.a
room
which
is
crowded 5.a
winner
who
is
pleased 6.astonished
children 7.a
broken
vase 8.a
closed
door 9.the
tired
audience 10.a
trapped
animal
过去分词作定语,
在语态上,
表被动;
在时间上,
表示动作已经发生或完成,
与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时,
所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,
过去分词相当于谓语。如:
The
destroyed
house
will
be
rebuilt
next
year.
这种情况下的过去分词为及物动词的过去分词。
不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独作前置定语,
少数表示状态改变或位置转移的动词的过去分词可前置,
仅表示时间的完成,
无被动意义。而现在分词表示动作正在进行。如:
falling
leaves正在下落的树叶 a
developing
country发展中国家 the
boiling
water沸水
fallen
leaves落叶 a
developed
country发达国家 the
boiled
water(凉）开水
T:
Besides
this,
the
past
participle
can
be
put
after
the
noun
to
modify
the
noun
form,
for
example,
The
famous
writer’s
play,
mentioned
in
one
of
my
books,
was
published
in
1963.
Do
you
understand
the
sentence
S:
The
famous
writer’s
play,
which
was
mentioned
in
one
of
my
books,
was
published
in
1963.
T:
Yes,
very
good.
In
this
sentence
we
can
get
two
pieces
of
information.
A:
The
famous
writer’s
play
was
published
in
1963. B:
The
play
was
mentioned
in
one
of
my
books.
Now,
let’s
do
some
exercises
to
combine
two
sentences
together
using
past
participle
as
the
attribute.
1.This
is
one
of
the
questions. It
was
discussed
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
S:
It
is
one
of
the
questions
discussed
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
T:
His
letter
was
addressed
to
the
wrong
number.
It
reached
me
late.
S:
His
letter,
addressed
to
the
wrong
number,
reached
me
late.
T:
The
students
didn’t
know
how
to
answer
it.
They
were
surprised
at
the
way
the
question
was
put.
S:
The
students,
surprised
at
the
way
the
question
was
put,
didn’t
know
how
to
answer
it.
T:
The
audience
all
voiced
support
for
the
suggestion.
They
were
moved
by
his
speech.
S:
The
audience,
moved
by
his
speech,
all
voiced
support
for
his
suggestion.
T:
Basketball
is
now
an
interesting
sport.
It
was
first
played
in
the
USA.
S:
Basketball,
first
played
in
the
USA,
is
now
an
interesting
sport.
T:
Well
done.
注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:
1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:
the
terrified
people,
the
polluted
water,
the
astonished
people。
单个分词也可以作后置定语,
用以强调动作。如:
They
decided
to
change
the
material
used.他们决定更换使用的材料。
2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,
作后置定语,
其作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
The
man
chosen
mayor
of
the
city
received
a
Doctor’s
Degree
of
Engineering.
3.如被修饰的词是
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing
等,
分词放在被修饰词的后面。如:
Do
you
have
anything
unfinished
4.单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,
常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,
放
在其修饰的名词前,
作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,
所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。如:
a
newly-born
baby,
a
well-known
doctor。
T:
Now
let’s
come
to
the
past
participle
used
as
the
predicative.
Generally
speaking
the
past
participle
used
as
the
predicative
shows
the
state
the
subject
remains.(过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。)
eg:
I
was
surprised
to
find
that
such
great
changes
had
taken
place
in
the
college.
Now
look
at
the
screen.
Finish
the
exercises
quickly.
1.
He
got__________
about
losing
the
money.
2.
Why
do
you
always
look
so
__________ Do
you
sleep
well
these
days
3.
I
was__________
with
the
film
I
saw
last
night.
I
had
expected
it
to
be
better.
4.
Everybody
was__________
to
hear
the
death
of
the
famous
film
star.
5.
The
children
are
really__________
about
going
to
the
zoo.
6.
His
wound
became__________
with
a
new
virus.
Suggested
answers:
1.worried 2.tired 3.disappointed 4.astonished 5.excited 6.infected
T:
Well
done.
Step
5
Further
Practising
T:
Now
let’s
do
some
exercises.
1.
The
Olympic
Games,
__________(play)
in
776
B.C.,
did
not
include
women
players
until
1912.
2.
Cleaning
women
in
big
cities
get
__________
(pay)
by
the
hour.
3.
Most
of
the
people
__________
(invite)to
the
party
didn’t
turn
up
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
4.
Who
is
the
man
__________
(talk)to
our
headmaster
5.
The
professor
__________
(pay)
a
visit
to
our
school
is
from
Beijing
University.
6.
The__________
(die)
man
was
immediately
taken
to
hospital.
7.
The
soldiers
got
off
the
truck
and
moved
the
__________
(fall)
tree
away
from
the
high
way.
8.
We
__________
(surprise)
to
find
that
few
of
the
students
did
the
experiment
well.
Suggested
answers:
1～8:
played,
paid,
invited,
talking,
paying,
dying,
fallen,
surprised
Step
6
Consolidation
T:
In
this
period,
we
mainly
focus
on
the
past
participle
used
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative.
After
class,
would
you
please
write
a
passage
containing
past
participles
and
present
participles,
which
shows
that
you
have
known
how
to
use
past
participles
properly
Besides,
you
will
also
have
to
finish
the
exercises
on
Page
44
Ex
1-2
using
the
past
participle.
The
Design
of
the
Writing
on
the
Blackboard
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Period
5
Grammar
Past
participles
used
as
the
attribute
Past
participles
used
as
the
predicative
1.
It
is
one
of
the
questions
discussed
at
the
meeting
yesterday.2.
His
letter,
addressed
to
the
wrong
number,
reached
me
late.3.
The
audience,
moved
by
his
speech,
all
voiced
support
for
his
suggestion. ]4.
Basketball,
first
played
in
the
USA,
is
now
an
interesting
sport.
1.
He
got
worried
about
losing
the
money. 2.
Why
do
you
always
look
so
tired 3.
I
was
disappointed
with
the
film
I
saw
last
night.
I
had
expected
it
to
be
better. 4.
Everybody
was
astonished
to
hear
the
death
of
the
famous
film
star. 5.The
children
are
really
excited
about
going
to
the
zoo.
Research
and
Activities
Suppose
you
are
mayor
of
Wuxi.
Find
out
measures
to
stop
pollution.
Please
use
the
past
participle
as
the
attribute
and
the
predicative.
Nowadays
everyone
in
Wuxi
is
worried
about
the
environment.
The
air
is
polluted.
The
water
is
polluted.
We
can
not
breathe
the
polluted
air
any
more.
Let’s
take
action—Students
should
use
their
imagination
and
creativity
to
continue
the
writing.
Reference
for
Teaching
现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
现在分词表示“主动和进行”,
过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,
只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。?
1.单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰之前（有些单个过去分词作宾语时,
也可放在被修饰词之后）,
如:
分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后,
有时可用定语从句代替。单个分词作前置定语表示被修饰词所发出的动作,
即分词动作的逻辑主语是它修饰的词。如:
?
The
exciting
news
that
Chinese
athletes
won
over
20
gold
medals
in
Sydney
2000
Olympic
Games
inspired
all
of
us.（单个现在分词作前置定语,
表示被修饰词所发出的动作,
即The
news
was
exciting.）?
The
building
lying
on
the
west
of
the
sea
cost
some
20
000
000
dollars.（现在分词短语作后置定语,
相当于一个定语从句that
lies）
现在分词表示主动的动作或正在进行的主动动作,
如:
boiling
water,
the
rising
sun,
developing
country;
过去分词表示被动动作或已完成的动作,
如:
boiled
water,
the
risen
sun,
developed
country。?
2.分词作后置定语应注意:
?
(1)
现在分词表示的动作:
?
①一个正在进行的动作,
如:
?
Can
you
see
the
ship
disappearing
(that
is
disappearing)
in
the
distance ?
②表示将来的动作,
如:
?
Can
you
tell
me
the
number
of
people
coming
to
the
party
(who
will
come
to
the
party) ?
③表示某个经常性的动作或状态,
如;
?
The
girl
looking
after
(who
looks
after)
Harry’s
children
gets
200
dollars
a
week.?
(2)
过去分词表示的动作:
?
①发生在谓语动词的动作之前,
如:
?
Is
this
the
book
written
(that
was
written)
by
Henry
James ?
②与句中谓语动词是相应的经常性的动作,
如:
?
He
was
then
a
professor
respected
(that
was
respected)
by
all
the
teachers
and
students
of
the
college.?
③being+过去分词结构表示动作正在进行,
如:
?
The
65-storeyed
building
being
built
(that
is
being
built)
will
be
run
by
a
US
company.?
正在建设的那座65层大楼将由一家美国公司经营。?
④to
be+过去分词结构表示一个将来动作,
如:
?
He
was
invited
to
the
conference
to
be
held
(that
will
be
held)
in
Shanghai
in
May
2001.?
分词前置?
We
can
see
the
rising
sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日。?
He
is
a
retired
worker.他是位退休的工人。?
分词后置
(i.分词词组;
ii.个别分词如given,
left;
iii.修饰不定代词
something等)?
There
was
a
girl
sitting
there.有个女孩坐在那里。?
This
is
the
question
given.这是所给的问题。?
There
is
nothing
interesting.没有有趣的东西。?
过去分词作定语
?
与其修饰的词是被动关系,
相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。?
Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.?
Most
of
the
artists
invited
to
the
party
were
from
South
Africa.
典型例题
1)
The
first
textbook
__________
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.have
written
B.to
be
written
C.being
written
D.written
解析：书与写作是被动关系,
应用过去分词作定语表被
动,
相当于定语从句
which
is
written。
?
答案：D
2）What’s
the
language
__________
in
Germany ?
A.speaking
B.spoken
C.be
spoken
D.to
speak
解析：主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,
在句中作定语,
修饰主语language,
spoken
与
language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What’s
the
language
(which
is)
spoken
in
German ?
答案：B
3.作表语的分词通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质,
而且主语多为物;
过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,
主语多为人。如:
?
(1)The
story
is
interesting.故事有趣。
We
are
interested
in
computers.我们对计算机感兴趣。
(2)The
glass
is
broken.玻璃杯破了。?
(3)The
water
is
boiled.水是开的。?
两种形式的过去分词
在英语中,
有些动词有两种过去分词形式,
并且它们在用法和意义上不同?
1)
learned/learnt
两者都可用在完成式中构成谓语,
但learned还可作定语“博学的”之意解。而learnt不能。
[举例]
We
have
learned/learnt
200
new
words
since
last
term.?
从上学期开始,
我们已经学了200个新词了。?
Professor
Wang
is
a
learned
man.王教授是个有学问的人。?
2)
lighted/lit
lighted可用作定语,
lit
用作表语。?
[举例]
The
lighted
candle
lit
the
whole
room.?
点燃了的蜡烛照亮了房间。?
The
cigarette
is
not
lit.烟没点着。?
3)
hung/hanged
hung意为“悬挂”,
hanged意为“绞死,
吊死”。?
[举例]
A
famous
painting
is
hung
on
the
wall.墙上挂着一幅名画。?
He
was
hanged
by
his
enemy.他是被敌人绞死的。?
4)
hid/hidden
hid用于完成时,
hidden可作表语和定语。?
[举例]
The
sun
is
hidden.?
太阳被云遮住了。?
There
must
be
someone
hidden
in
the
cupboard.
一定有人藏在柜子里。?
Where
have
you
hid
my
book ?
你把我的书藏在哪儿了？?
5)
struck/stricken
struck用于完成时构成谓语,
stricken用作定语,
还可表示“受到打击”。?
[举例]
The
clock
has
struck
three.?
时钟已敲响了三点。?
The
rescue
teams
raced
to
the
stricken
ship.?
救援队立刻前往抢救遇难船只。?
6)
born/borne
born既可用作表语,
又可用作定语,
borne用于完成时构成谓语。?
[举例]
He
was
born
in
Japan
in
1973.?
他于1973年出生于日本。?
She
is
a
born
singer.?
她是个天生的歌唱家。?
She
has
borne
two
boys.?
她已经生了两个男孩。?
7)
burned/burnt
burned强调燃烧的动作,
burnt强调状态或结果,
还可用作定语。?
[举例]
A
lot
of
people
were
burned
in
the
big
fire.?
很多人在那场大火中被烧死了。?
Oil
is
burnt
in
cars.汽车用汽油作燃料。?
The
burnt
people
are
being
treated
in
hospital.?
烧伤的人们正在住院接受治疗。?
8)
sunk/sunken
sunk用作表语,
sunken用作定语。?
[举例]
The
ship
of
Titanic
was
sunk
forever.?
泰坦尼克永久地沉没了。?
The
sunken
boat
could
never
be
found.?
那艘沉船再也没有找到。?
9)
melted/molten
melted用作表语,
molten用作定语。?
[举例]
The
ice
in
the
river
is
melted.?
河里的冰融化了。
The
molten
steel
looks
like
water.?
熔化了的钢看上去像水一样。?必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
Grammar
Q：神马是动词的过去分词？
A：①
②
过去分词作定语。
动词的过去分析作定语的意义；
a
respected
guest
a
risen
sun
a
retired
worker
the
broken
glass
conclusion:
过去分词作定语的意义是表
&
。
动词的过去分析作定语的位置；
fallen
leaves
retired
workers
the
risen
sun
The
computer
centre,
opened
last
year,
is
very
popular
among
young
people.
The
bridge
built
2000
years
ago
is
in
good
condition
now.
conclusion:
单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词的
；
过去分词短语往往放在被修饰的名词的
。
翻译下列短语或句子：
一个被宠坏的孩子：
一次有组织的旅行：
交通事故造成的死亡：
一本被英语老师写的书：
过去分词作定语
与
定语从句
的关系。
We
all
like
the
lectures
that
are
given
by
Mr.
Song.
=>We
all
like
the
lectures
given
by
Mr.
Song.
译：
The
bridge
which
was
built
2000
years
ago
is
in
good
condition
now.
=>
The
bridge
built
2000
years
ago
is
in
good
condition
now.
译：
conclusion：把定语从句中的
和
省去之后，便成为了
；因此过去分词短语与定语从句可以
。
把下列定语从句变为过去分词短语作定语,并翻译。
Let’s
try
the
bookstore
that
was
opened
last
year.
Nine
out
of
ten
women
who
were
interviewed
about
the
product
said
they
liked
it.
Yesterday,
the
President
went
to
visit
the
workers
who
had
retired.
The
United
States
is
a
country
which
has
developed.
He
told
us
the
great
wrong
which
had
been
done
to
him.
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
which
is
being
discussed
here.
Please
tell
me
the
subjects
which
will
be
discussed
at
the
next
meeting.
EXERCISE:
一直迷路的羊
英语口语
一名退休的教师
发达国家
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
PRACTICE：
I
found
this
plate
on
the
floor.
The
plate
was
broken
in
pieces.
I
looked
at
that
modern
abstract(抽象的)
painting.
It
was
colored
in
yellows
and
greens.
Yesterday
I
got
the
answer
to
my
question
on
the
Internet.
It
was
the
one
I
expected.
She
is
one
of
my
friends.
She
is
devoted
to
my
interests.
On
the
doorstep
I
found
a
lot
of
bottled.
They
were
marked
in
green
ink.
We
saw
many
windows
in
that
room.
They
were
all
cracked.
过去分词作表语。
1.
过去分词可放在系动词be,
get,
feel,
remain,
seem,
look,
become等之后作
，表示主
语
。
When
I
got
the
classroom,
the
door
was
locked.
When
we
heard
of
it,
we
were
deeply
moved.
2.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。
My
glasses
are
broken.
强调
My
glasses
were
broken
by
my
son.
强调
归纳：必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
Grammar
主备人：
用案人：
授课时间：____________
总第
课时
课题
课型
New
教学目标
Enlarge
students’
to
learn
something
about
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
Let
them
know
the
functions
of
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
重点
Try
to
use
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
难点
How
to
make
them
to
use
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
correctly
教法及教具
Teaching
教学过程
教
学
内
容
个案调整
教师主导活动
学生主体活动
Step
1
IntroductionTo-infinitive.动词不定式由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，否定形式not
to
do。是动词的一种非谓语的形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以有时态和语态的变化。同时，它也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语.Functions:1.作主语(1)不定式短语在句中作主语。谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.:
To
say
is
one
thing
and
to
do
is
another.
To
know
oneself
is
difficult.但在很多情况下，为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作为形式主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，e.g.:
It
is
difficult
to
know
oneself.It
is
important
to
learn
English.2.
作表语.不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。e.g.:
His
wish
is
to
become
an
engineer.
To
live
is
to
do
something
worthwhile.3.作宾语.
作动词的宾语，即动词+to
do
sth.
常见的要加不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/
determine,
learn,
want,
expect/
hope/
wish,
refuse,
manage,
pretend,
offer,
promise,
choose,
plan,
agree,
ask/
beg,
afford,
prefer,
require,
enable,
need,
order…e.g.:
He
agreed
to
meet
here
but
so
far
she
hasn’t
turned
up
yet.He
pretended
not
to
see
me
when
I
passed
by.在find,
make,
think,
consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后.e.g.:
I
find
it
interesting
to
study
English.I
think
it
impossible
to
work
out
the
problem.4、作宾语补足语，即Ｖ＋sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.如动词advise,
allow,
ask,
cause,
challenge,
command,
consider,
enable,
encourage,
forbid,
force,
inform,
invite,
persuade,
tell,
send,
urge,
want,warn….Eg.
:I
want
you
to
speak
to
Tom.
Ask
him
not
to
make
noise.(1)在感官动词以及使役动词（let,
have,
make）后作宾语补足语，不定式都不带to.变为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式.“一感(feel)二听
(hear,
listen
to
)三让(let,
have,
make
)四观看(see,
observe,
watch,
look
at)”
e.g.:
I
often
hear
him
sing
the
song.
Did
you
see
him
go
out The
boss
made
the
employees
work
ten
hours
a
day.The
employees
were
made
to
work
ten
hours
a
day.(2)在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语,这时不定式通常是
“to
be+形容词或副词”的结构.这类动词有：consider,
think,
believe,
find,
imagine,
judge,
suppose,
prove等。
consider,
think,
find后的to
be常可省略.e.g.:
We
consider
him
(to
be)
a
good
teacher.I
thought
her
(to
be)
nice
and
honest
the
first
time
I
met
her.5．作定语.不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系.e.g.:
The
next
train
to
arrive
was
from
New
York.
He
has
a
lot
of
letter
to
write.
He
was
the
best
man
to
do
the
job.Women
and
children
were
the
first
to
get
into
the
lifeboats.
She
has
a
child
to
take
care
of.There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.The
Browns
have
a
comfortable
house
to
live
in.He
had
no
money
and
no
place
to
live
(in).6.
作状语.
不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等.e.g.:To
save
the
child,
he
laid
down
his
life.
To
look
at
him,
you
would
like
him.He
got
to
the
station
only
to
find
the
train
had
gone.(only
to
do
常表意想不到或不愉快的结果)I’m
very
glad
to
see
you.
(表喜怒哀乐的形容词后跟不定式表原因)years.
板书设计
教学札记必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
Grammar
主备人：
用案人：
授课时间：____________
总第
课时
教学目标
Enlarge
students’
to
learn
something
about
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
Let
them
know
the
functions
of
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
重点
Try
to
use
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
难点
How
to
make
them
to
use
To-infinitive
and
Bare
infinitive
correctly
教法及教具
Talking
,
Practising
教学过程
教
学
内
容
个案调整
教师主导活动
学生主体活动
Step
1
Introduction动词不定式的形式：1.一般式：表示的动作通常与主要的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生.（not）to
do（主动）
to
be
done（被动）e.g.:
I
am
glad
to
see
you.
The
house
needs
to
be
cleaned.2.进行式：表示谓语的动作或情况发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行.
to
be
doing（主动）e.g.:
He
pretended
to
be
reading
when
I
came
in.3.完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或表动作发生在过去并且已完成。to
have
done
（主动）
to
have
been
done（被动）e.g.:
I’m
sorry
to
have
lost
your
key.
It
has
been
an
honor
for
me
to
have
been
invited
to
your
country.4.完成进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生并一直进行着.to
have
been
doing（主动）e.g.:
He
was
said
to
have
been
living
in
London
for
20
years.主动式被动式一般式to
do
to
be
done进行式to
be
doing
无完成式to
have
done
to
have
been
done完成进行式to
have
been
doing无不定式的常见结构:1.用作独立成分.
有一些不定式短语可以用作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语.e.g.:
To
be
honest,
we
are
not
sure
to
work
out
the
problem.
To
be
frank,
I
don’t
agree
with
you.to
tell
you
truth说老实话
to
begin
with首先
to
say
nothing
of姑且不说
to
be
sure诚然，固然
to
make
a
long
story
short长话短说
to
be
brief简言之
to
conclude总而言之2.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,
what,
which,
when,
where,
how,
why
后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中作主语、宾语和表语.e.g.:
How
to
solve
the
problem
is
very
important.He
didn’t
know
what
to
say.
My
question
is
when
to
start.3.不定式的复合结构，即It
is+形容词+for/of
sb.+不定式在“It
is+形容词+of
sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如：kind,
silly,
good,
clever,
wrong,
right,
foolish,
careless,
impolite,
honest,
bad等.e.g.:
It
is
kind
of
you
to
think
so
much
of
me.
It
is
foolish
of
you
to
say
that.在“It
is+形容词+for
sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示事物的性质,如:important,
possible,
impossible,
necessary,
difficult,
hard,
reasonable等.e.g.:
It
is
necessary
for
you
to
complete
the
program
on
time.
It
is
hard
for
him
to
get
rid
of
his
bad
habits.Bare
infinitive不定式的特殊用法:1.在had
better,
had
best,
would
rather,
would
rather…than,
would
sooner,
cannot
but,
cannot
help
but,
why
not等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”.e.g.:
You’d
better
listen
to
your
teacher’s
opinion.
He
cannot
but
move
to
another
street.
We
cannot
help
but
admire
his
courage.
He
always
prefers
to
ride
a
bicycle
rather
than
ride
on
a
crowded
bus.2.两个不定式由and,
or,
except,
but,
whether等并列使用时,
为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略.e.g.:
The
little
girl
hardly
knew
whether
to
laugh
or
cry.
Can
you
help
me
to
call
him
and
ask
him
to
attend
the
meeting
3.不定式符号的单独使用。为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构.(1)在助动词或情态动词之后，如be
going
to,
used
to,
have
to,
ought
to,
be
able
to,
be
about
to等。e.g.:
She
has
to
go,
but
you
don’t
have
to
(go).(2)在want,
decide,
like,
love,
hope,
wish,
mean,
refuse,
try等动词之后.e.g.:
You
may
go
with
them
if
you
hope
to
(go).(3)在作宾语补足语的ask,
tell,
order,
advise,
persuade,
warn,
wish,
permit,
allow等动词之后.e.g.:
Don’t
do
anything
unless
your
father
tells
you
to
(do).(4)在对话的答语中的happy,
glad,
anxious,
willing,
ready,
pleased,
afraid等形容词之后.e.g.:
-Will
you
lend
me
a
hand
-I’m
willing
to
(lend
you
a
hand).
板书设计
教学札记
