牛津译林版 模块4 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world Period 4被动语态
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版 模块4 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world Period 4被动语态 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2017-09-01 20:13:22 | ||
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课件40张PPT。Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world
Period 4 Grammar and usage (2)
被动语态【观察思考】
观察以下句子, 用所给词的正确形式完成句子。
①The book __ well ________ among the teenagers. (receive)
②What will ____________ this time tomorrow? (do)
③A popular play song __________________when I passed by.
(broadcast)
④The door ___already ___________so far. (lock)
⑤All the work ________________before I arrived. (finish)
⑥She said the trees ________________next day. (water)isreceivedbe being donewas being broadcasthasbeen lockedhad been finishedwould be watered【语法探究】
Ⅰ. 被动语态的基本用法
1. 定义: 被动语态是动词的一种形式, 它的主语必须是动作的承受者而不是动作的发出者。
2. 构成: be+动词过去分词。3. 各种时态的基本形式(以肯定式动词do为例): 【巧学助记】巧记被动语态口诀
被动不离be和done; 主谓一致莫忘记;
句中时态要留意; “进行”勿漏一个“be”。Ⅱ. 被动语态与“系动词+v. -ed形式”的系表结构
1. 被动语态表示一个动作; 系表结构则表示主语的特点和所处的状态。
2. 被动语态后面可以带by +动作执行者, 而系表结构一般不能。
3. 被动语态有多种时态, 可用于一般时、将来时、进行时和完成时。
4. 常见用作表语的过去分词有: delighted, disappointed, astonished, excited, frightened, puzzled, satisfied, interested等。①The window was closed by my mother.
译：_____________________
②The window is closed now.
译：___________________
③History __ _____ by the people.
人民是历史的缔造者。
④The novel __ well _______.
这部小说写得很好。
⑤The novel ____ _______ by Mo Yan.
这部小说是莫言写的。窗户被我妈妈关上了。窗户现在是关着的。ismadeiswrittenwaswrittenⅢ. 主动形式表被动含义的用法
1. 英语中一些动词, 如read, write, sell, open, shut, wash, wear等与副词well, easily, perfectly等连用, 描绘事物的特性时, 不用被动语态。
2. look, taste, smell, sound, prove, seem, appear等这类系动词常接形容词作表语。
3. 不定式作定语与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时, 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。4. 当动词不定式作表语形容词(如easy, difficult, hard)的状语, 又与句子主语构成动宾关系时, 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
5. need, want, require作“需要”讲时, 它们后面常接主动的v. -ing形式或被动的不定式。6. 用于be worth doing结构时。
①The shoes _____ ____. 这鞋子很耐穿。
②The dish _____ ________. 这盘菜尝起来好吃。
③Have you got anything __ ___ at the meeting?
你在会议上有什么要说的吗？
④The question is easy __ _______.
这个问题很容易回答。
⑤The film is worth ______ twice.
这部电影值得再看一次。wearwelltastesdelicioustosaytoanswerseeingⅣ. get +done的被动语态
“get+过去分词”也是被动语态, 常见于口语或非正式文体中, 意思是强调动作的结果, 而“be+过去分词”侧重动作的本身。
① 指客观遭遇, 表示曾料到的偶发事件或事故。例如：
我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
=Some glasses _____ _______ when we were moving. werebroken② 指主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任。例如：
我们的车大约每两个月清洗一次。
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months.
=Our car __ _______ about once every two months. iscleanedⅤ. 含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(should/can/must/may/could等) + be + 过去分
词。
1. 肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词。例
如：
Many books can ___ ________ __ in the library.
在这个图书馆有许多书可以参阅。
2. 否定句式：主语+情态动词+not be +及物动词的过去分
词。例如：
The word _____ ___ ____ this way.
这个单词不能以这样的方式使用。bereferredtocan’tbeused3. 一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词。例如：
—_______ the letter ___ _______ today?
—Yes, it should. /No, it shouldn’t.
——这封信今天应该完成吗？
——是的, 应该完成。/不, 不用。ShouldbefinishedⅥ. 特殊句式的被动结构
1. It is said/believed/thought/reported/supposed/requested that. . .
= People say/believe/think/report/suppose/request that. . .
= sb. be said/believed/thought/reported/supposed/requested to do(要做)/to be doing (正在做)/to have done(做完了)It was reported that the Chinese astronauts have returned to
Earth after 15 days in space.
= The Chinese astronauts were reported __ _____ ________ to
Earth after 15 days in space.
据报道中国宇航员们经过了十五天的太空生活后回到了地
球。tohavereturned2. It is suggested/required /requested/ordered that sb. should
do sth.
It is suggested that the senior students ______ ____ ________ __
handwriting in their studies.
建议中学生们在学习中注意书写。shouldpayattentionto【真题体验】
1. (2013·北京高考)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意: 莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去几年里被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用, 且主语与make之间是被动关系, 故用现在完成时的被动形式。2. (2013·北京高考)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ______before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意: ——那么程序是什么呢? ——所有的申请人在官方做出最终决定之前都要被面试。由上下语境可知说话人在陈述一项规定, 故用一般现在时, 且主语与interview之间是被动关系, 选C。3. (2013·辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment ______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved B. will be improved
C. is improved D. was improved
【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意: 通过在减少污染方面的进一步努力, 我们有信心环境将会有所改善。根据句意此处应用一般将来时且为被动语态, 故选B。4. (2012·安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it______.
A. was decorated B. had decorated
C. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析】选D。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 放学后我们去阅览室读书, 结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went可知, 动作发生在过去, 而装修正在进行, 故需要使用过去进行时; it指代the reading-room, 与动词decorate是动宾关系, 故需要使用被动语态, 所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态, 故选D项。5. (2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one______.
A. hurt B. was hurt
C. has hurt D. had been hurt【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意: ——你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗? ——是的, 幸运的是, 没有人受伤。谓语动词hurt和主语no one之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态; 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。而had been hurt是过去完成时, 表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时都有一个表示过去的动作或介词短语作为“过去”的“参照物”。【易错点拨】
本题易错选D。误把“听说”当成过去, 受伤一事理解为过去的过去。大火发生在过去, “听说”用的是现在完成时, 强调对现在来说, 对方回答当时的情况, 依然要用过去时。be hurt在这里指当时的状态, 不强调动作。Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A company reports to have found the perfect product to help travelers fight the ill effects of jet lag(飞行时差反应)and long-time flights. The Ostrich(鸵鸟)Pillow is a new portable device that its inventors say will “enable power naps anytime, anywhere”, including in airport waiting halls and on planes. Filled with synthetic material—“for maximum performance and lightness”, according to its inventors—the distinctive looking pillow has a hole in which to put our head, and a mouth hole designed to allow its user to breathe easily. It also has two side holes where you can store your hands—if napping at a table in a library, for example. The concept was developed by Kawamura
Ganjavuan, an architecture and design studio
with offices in Madrid an Lausanne. Among
other producers, the company has also been responsible for developing the “ear shell(耳壳)”(a “sound improving device” that is attached to the ear), and a solar plug for charging portable computers. The Ostrich Pillow has been described on the technology web site SNET as like “a soft big garden squash(南瓜)”, while a writer for the Digital Trends website wrote: “Its benefits are quite questionable. We wonder how the pillow sends out sweat and heat. ”
Its creators argue that it really works, saying, “We have tried it in airports, trains, planes, libraries, at the office, on a sofa and even on the floor and it’s really wonderful. ” The Ostrich Pillow will go into production if its fund-raising targets are met. The company is now trying to collect$70, 000 on Kickstarter, a funding website for creative business ideas. The money collected so far is slightly more than $35, 000 with 23 days remaining.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了the Ostrich Pillow即一种鸵鸟枕头的功能和作用。未来生活中想要倒时差, 好好休息的时候, 就能派上用场啦。1. What can we learn about the Ostrich Pillow?
A. It can let you have a rest wherever you want to go.
B. It can play music that you like.
C. It is difficult to operate.
D. It is sold at a low price.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文中第一段的描述: device that its inventors say will “enable power naps anytime, anywhere”, including in airport waiting halls and on planes. 可知, 这样的枕头可以让你在任何时候、任何地点都能睡着。2. What is the writer’s attitude towards the Ostrich Pillow in Paragraph 4?
A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Cold.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段while a writer for the Digital Trends website wrote: “Its benefits are quite questionable. We wonder how the pillow sends out sweat and heat. ”可知这位作家想知道是怎么回事, 即怀疑的。3. What is mainly described in the passage?
A. Jet lag.
B. The Ostrich Pillow.
C. Kawamura Ganjavuan.
D. A fund-raising project.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文围绕the Ostrich Pillow介绍了这种新型的用于睡眠的鸵鸟枕头。Ⅱ. 任务型阅读(每个空格只填一个单词)
Modern science proves that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live. Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.
Keep in mind that sugar can be removed from our diet completely. Over intake(摄入量)of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. Over intake of protein or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat. We only need a few grams of protein to keep our body in order. There is a relationship between the mood and health. A good mood keeps you in high spirits. Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out. Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends. Just keep happy. Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future. Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime.
Do exercise to keep away from fatness. Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time. 答案:
(1)diet (2)Reasons (3)sugar (4)mood (5)spirits
(6)sleep (7)work (8)eight-hour (9)fat (10)quarters
Period 4 Grammar and usage (2)
被动语态【观察思考】
观察以下句子, 用所给词的正确形式完成句子。
①The book __ well ________ among the teenagers. (receive)
②What will ____________ this time tomorrow? (do)
③A popular play song __________________when I passed by.
(broadcast)
④The door ___already ___________so far. (lock)
⑤All the work ________________before I arrived. (finish)
⑥She said the trees ________________next day. (water)isreceivedbe being donewas being broadcasthasbeen lockedhad been finishedwould be watered【语法探究】
Ⅰ. 被动语态的基本用法
1. 定义: 被动语态是动词的一种形式, 它的主语必须是动作的承受者而不是动作的发出者。
2. 构成: be+动词过去分词。3. 各种时态的基本形式(以肯定式动词do为例): 【巧学助记】巧记被动语态口诀
被动不离be和done; 主谓一致莫忘记;
句中时态要留意; “进行”勿漏一个“be”。Ⅱ. 被动语态与“系动词+v. -ed形式”的系表结构
1. 被动语态表示一个动作; 系表结构则表示主语的特点和所处的状态。
2. 被动语态后面可以带by +动作执行者, 而系表结构一般不能。
3. 被动语态有多种时态, 可用于一般时、将来时、进行时和完成时。
4. 常见用作表语的过去分词有: delighted, disappointed, astonished, excited, frightened, puzzled, satisfied, interested等。①The window was closed by my mother.
译：_____________________
②The window is closed now.
译：___________________
③History __ _____ by the people.
人民是历史的缔造者。
④The novel __ well _______.
这部小说写得很好。
⑤The novel ____ _______ by Mo Yan.
这部小说是莫言写的。窗户被我妈妈关上了。窗户现在是关着的。ismadeiswrittenwaswrittenⅢ. 主动形式表被动含义的用法
1. 英语中一些动词, 如read, write, sell, open, shut, wash, wear等与副词well, easily, perfectly等连用, 描绘事物的特性时, 不用被动语态。
2. look, taste, smell, sound, prove, seem, appear等这类系动词常接形容词作表语。
3. 不定式作定语与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时, 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。4. 当动词不定式作表语形容词(如easy, difficult, hard)的状语, 又与句子主语构成动宾关系时, 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
5. need, want, require作“需要”讲时, 它们后面常接主动的v. -ing形式或被动的不定式。6. 用于be worth doing结构时。
①The shoes _____ ____. 这鞋子很耐穿。
②The dish _____ ________. 这盘菜尝起来好吃。
③Have you got anything __ ___ at the meeting?
你在会议上有什么要说的吗？
④The question is easy __ _______.
这个问题很容易回答。
⑤The film is worth ______ twice.
这部电影值得再看一次。wearwelltastesdelicioustosaytoanswerseeingⅣ. get +done的被动语态
“get+过去分词”也是被动语态, 常见于口语或非正式文体中, 意思是强调动作的结果, 而“be+过去分词”侧重动作的本身。
① 指客观遭遇, 表示曾料到的偶发事件或事故。例如：
我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
=Some glasses _____ _______ when we were moving. werebroken② 指主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任。例如：
我们的车大约每两个月清洗一次。
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months.
=Our car __ _______ about once every two months. iscleanedⅤ. 含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(should/can/must/may/could等) + be + 过去分
词。
1. 肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词。例
如：
Many books can ___ ________ __ in the library.
在这个图书馆有许多书可以参阅。
2. 否定句式：主语+情态动词+not be +及物动词的过去分
词。例如：
The word _____ ___ ____ this way.
这个单词不能以这样的方式使用。bereferredtocan’tbeused3. 一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词。例如：
—_______ the letter ___ _______ today?
—Yes, it should. /No, it shouldn’t.
——这封信今天应该完成吗？
——是的, 应该完成。/不, 不用。ShouldbefinishedⅥ. 特殊句式的被动结构
1. It is said/believed/thought/reported/supposed/requested that. . .
= People say/believe/think/report/suppose/request that. . .
= sb. be said/believed/thought/reported/supposed/requested to do(要做)/to be doing (正在做)/to have done(做完了)It was reported that the Chinese astronauts have returned to
Earth after 15 days in space.
= The Chinese astronauts were reported __ _____ ________ to
Earth after 15 days in space.
据报道中国宇航员们经过了十五天的太空生活后回到了地
球。tohavereturned2. It is suggested/required /requested/ordered that sb. should
do sth.
It is suggested that the senior students ______ ____ ________ __
handwriting in their studies.
建议中学生们在学习中注意书写。shouldpayattentionto【真题体验】
1. (2013·北京高考)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意: 莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去几年里被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用, 且主语与make之间是被动关系, 故用现在完成时的被动形式。2. (2013·北京高考)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ______before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意: ——那么程序是什么呢? ——所有的申请人在官方做出最终决定之前都要被面试。由上下语境可知说话人在陈述一项规定, 故用一般现在时, 且主语与interview之间是被动关系, 选C。3. (2013·辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment ______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved B. will be improved
C. is improved D. was improved
【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意: 通过在减少污染方面的进一步努力, 我们有信心环境将会有所改善。根据句意此处应用一般将来时且为被动语态, 故选B。4. (2012·安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it______.
A. was decorated B. had decorated
C. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析】选D。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 放学后我们去阅览室读书, 结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went可知, 动作发生在过去, 而装修正在进行, 故需要使用过去进行时; it指代the reading-room, 与动词decorate是动宾关系, 故需要使用被动语态, 所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态, 故选D项。5. (2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one______.
A. hurt B. was hurt
C. has hurt D. had been hurt【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意: ——你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗? ——是的, 幸运的是, 没有人受伤。谓语动词hurt和主语no one之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态; 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。而had been hurt是过去完成时, 表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时都有一个表示过去的动作或介词短语作为“过去”的“参照物”。【易错点拨】
本题易错选D。误把“听说”当成过去, 受伤一事理解为过去的过去。大火发生在过去, “听说”用的是现在完成时, 强调对现在来说, 对方回答当时的情况, 依然要用过去时。be hurt在这里指当时的状态, 不强调动作。Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A company reports to have found the perfect product to help travelers fight the ill effects of jet lag(飞行时差反应)and long-time flights. The Ostrich(鸵鸟)Pillow is a new portable device that its inventors say will “enable power naps anytime, anywhere”, including in airport waiting halls and on planes. Filled with synthetic material—“for maximum performance and lightness”, according to its inventors—the distinctive looking pillow has a hole in which to put our head, and a mouth hole designed to allow its user to breathe easily. It also has two side holes where you can store your hands—if napping at a table in a library, for example. The concept was developed by Kawamura
Ganjavuan, an architecture and design studio
with offices in Madrid an Lausanne. Among
other producers, the company has also been responsible for developing the “ear shell(耳壳)”(a “sound improving device” that is attached to the ear), and a solar plug for charging portable computers. The Ostrich Pillow has been described on the technology web site SNET as like “a soft big garden squash(南瓜)”, while a writer for the Digital Trends website wrote: “Its benefits are quite questionable. We wonder how the pillow sends out sweat and heat. ”
Its creators argue that it really works, saying, “We have tried it in airports, trains, planes, libraries, at the office, on a sofa and even on the floor and it’s really wonderful. ” The Ostrich Pillow will go into production if its fund-raising targets are met. The company is now trying to collect$70, 000 on Kickstarter, a funding website for creative business ideas. The money collected so far is slightly more than $35, 000 with 23 days remaining.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了the Ostrich Pillow即一种鸵鸟枕头的功能和作用。未来生活中想要倒时差, 好好休息的时候, 就能派上用场啦。1. What can we learn about the Ostrich Pillow?
A. It can let you have a rest wherever you want to go.
B. It can play music that you like.
C. It is difficult to operate.
D. It is sold at a low price.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文中第一段的描述: device that its inventors say will “enable power naps anytime, anywhere”, including in airport waiting halls and on planes. 可知, 这样的枕头可以让你在任何时候、任何地点都能睡着。2. What is the writer’s attitude towards the Ostrich Pillow in Paragraph 4?
A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Cold.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段while a writer for the Digital Trends website wrote: “Its benefits are quite questionable. We wonder how the pillow sends out sweat and heat. ”可知这位作家想知道是怎么回事, 即怀疑的。3. What is mainly described in the passage?
A. Jet lag.
B. The Ostrich Pillow.
C. Kawamura Ganjavuan.
D. A fund-raising project.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文围绕the Ostrich Pillow介绍了这种新型的用于睡眠的鸵鸟枕头。Ⅱ. 任务型阅读(每个空格只填一个单词)
Modern science proves that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live. Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.
Keep in mind that sugar can be removed from our diet completely. Over intake(摄入量)of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. Over intake of protein or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat. We only need a few grams of protein to keep our body in order. There is a relationship between the mood and health. A good mood keeps you in high spirits. Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out. Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends. Just keep happy. Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future. Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime.
Do exercise to keep away from fatness. Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time. 答案:
(1)diet (2)Reasons (3)sugar (4)mood (5)spirits
(6)sleep (7)work (8)eight-hour (9)fat (10)quarters