现在完成时及其考点

课件13张PPT。现在完成时及其考点 大靖初级中学 肖礼一、现在完成时的结构： （助动词）have/has+过去分词二、现在完成时的用法：
　　１.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。　标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。　２.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。　时间状语：for＋一段时间；since＋过去点时间。三、现在完成时的各种句式：　１.陈述句：主语＋ have/has+过去分词＋其他成分。　２.否定句：主语＋have/has+not+过去分词＋其他成分。　3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？　　4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋其他成分？
　5.反意疑问句：借助于助动词have/has来完成反意疑问句。
例如：They have lived that village for ten years, haven’t they ?

　Li Lei has never read this book, 　　has he ?
四、正确运用have/has been to, have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。　１. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，但现在已经回来了。　２. have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”，现在还没有回来。　３. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。四、中考考点：考点一：考查基本概念
例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ____what's happened to him .
　　Ａ. knew 　　　　Ｂ. have known
　　Ｃ. must know 　Ｄ.will know　简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。 Ｂ考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 例3. The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written　例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .
　 —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　Ａ. has changed ; well 　　　Ｂ. changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better 　　　Ｄ. changed ; better
例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　Ａ. was ; studying 　　 　Ｂ. will ; study 　　
　　Ｃ. has ; studied 　　　　Ｄ. are ; studying
例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see 　Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.seeＢＣＤＣＣＣＢ　简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：
　　⑴现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。
　 　⑵现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。
　 ⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。
　 ⑷现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.—These farmers have been to the United States .　　—Really ? When ___ there ? Ａ. will they go 　　　Ｂ. did they go 　 Ｃ. do they go 　　　　Ｄ. have they gone 例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished 　 　B.Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished 　 Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 　　简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故例１、２的正确答案皆为B。BB考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 例2.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 例3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）
His uncle has ____ __ _ for two years
例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. wasDBACbeen deadjoined agoA 简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost , marry—→be married(to), get to know—→ know　
fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
　 come/arrive—→be here/in ,
come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be , borrow —→keep ,
buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,
die—→be dead ,
join—→be in/be a ember of．．． ,
catch a cold—→ have a cold等，考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别 例1. Miss Green isn‘t in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to　 Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been 简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。AASee you next time!