牛津译林版课件M1 Uni1 School life Grammar and usgae (50.ppt)

课件50张PPT。Unit 1
School lifeGrammar and usageIntroduction to attributive clauses（定语从句） & Relative pronouns（关系代词）: that, which, who, whom, and whose What are they wearing?
Can you describe the team using attributives?Lead-in The green team.
2. The team in green.
3. The team who are wearing green.Attributivesprepositional phrase
介词短语 attributive clause
定语从句adjective
形容词在英语中，如果修饰或限制一个名词或代词的成分是一个从句，这样的从句就叫定语从句。定语从句的定义 e.g. : The computer that I bought in Nanjing
this summer works wonderfully.
Is there anything that I can do for you.The attributive clauses (定语从句) are usually introduced by relative pronouns (关系代词) like which, that, who, whom and whose, or relative adverbs（关系副词） like where, why and when.关系词/引导词relative pronoun （关系代词）& relative adverb (关系副词):连接定语从句和主句并在定语中做成分的词。antecedent 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。Mary is a student who is 21 years old
( ) ( )
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
( ) ( )
The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.
( ) ( ) 先行词先行词关系代词关系副词先行词关系代词In the attributive clauses the relative words usually fun_ction as the:
subject （主语）
object （宾语）
predicative （表语）
attribute （定语）
adverbial （状语）As subject （主语）
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.
The boy who has a round face is Tom.
The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.
The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.
The woman who can speak Russian got the job.
The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.
The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.As object （宾语）
The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (who/whom) everyone likes is kind.
The woman got the job. We saw her in the street.
The woman (who/whom) we saw in the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.
The teacher (who/whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.
The student (who/whom) we saw just now is the best runner in our school. As predicative （表语）
Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy.
Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.
As attribute （定语）
She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.
She has a brother whose name I can’t remember. As adverbial （状语）
The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school.
The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. 关系代词的用法
relative pronouns（关系代词）:
that, which, who, whom, and whose
that, whichThis is the story (that/which) we wrote for our storytelling competition.
The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
All my classmates enjoyed the cake (that/which) I made.
The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
归纳：定语从句中，用that/ which指代物, 在从句中做主语或宾语
that/which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
who, whom，that Most of the students (whom/who/that) he taught have become his friends.
The student (who/whom/that) we saw just now is the best runner in our school.
I am going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK.
She was the teacher who/that taught us English.归纳：
定语从句中，可用who/whom/that指代人；
在从句中充当主语时，只能用who/that;
在从句中充当宾语时，可用who/whom/that,
且都可以省略。whoseI sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
归纳：定语从句中，用whose指代人/物， ---------在从句中充当定语。
表示“某人的”、“某物的”
Summarywho/whom/which/that作宾语常可省略There are several differences between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one things, students (1)______ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of the time (2)_______ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students (3)______ do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams. Students (4)_____________ the teachers fail may have to take the classes again.
Part A Complete the following article about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose.whowhichwhowhom / who___________________________________________________________________________________________For another thing, many courses are classes (5)________ the students can study just for fun, but (6)______ they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still decide the teacher (7)_______ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher (8)___________ they like to respect.whichwhichwhosewhom / who____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________I am attending a new school.
It is very large.Part B I am attending a new school that/which is very large.
The new school (that/which) I am attending is very large.It has many students.
They are from different countries.It has many students who/that are from different countries.
Many students (that/which) it has are from different countries.English is a subject.
I like English best.English is the subject (that/which) I like best.An American lady teaches us English.
I admire her most.The American lady (that/who) I admire most teaches us English.
I admire most an American lady that/who teaches us English.Our History teacher is good at telling stories.
They are very interesting.Our History teacher is good at telling stories that/which are very interesting.
The stories (that/which) our History teacher is good at are very interesting.I have a good friend.
Her name is Sally.I have a good friend whose name is Sally.
The name of a good friend (that/which) I have is Sally.The library is a quite and comfortable place.The library is a place that/which is quite and comfortable.以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。
1. 先行词为不定代词everything，something，nothing，anything或由few，little，much，all，only，the very等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。如：that 和 which They go to the newspaper’s own library to look up any information that they need.
他们到报社的图书馆去查找他们所需要的资料。
This is the very book that I have been looking for.
这正是我在寻找的书。The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事是找到回家的路。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。 如：
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。如：
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。3. 先行词同时指人和物时，用that。如：
We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 我们谈论了我们当时所见的人和事物。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代
词时用that。如：
Which is the dictionary that you want?
哪本是你要的字典？
Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门旁边的那个男人是谁？As 作为关系代词还可用于the same…as和such…as等结构中。如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的故事。
This is the same dictionary as I lost. 这本字典跟我丢失的一样。 The man _________ stands there is Tom.
The girl ____________ I met is Ms Li.
The boy ________ watch was lost is Tom.
The book _________ lies on the desk is his.
The pen ___________ you bought is good.
The magazine ________ cover is red is
nice. who / that(whom / that)whosewhich/that(which / that)whosePractice 11. This is the best film ______ I’ve seen.
2. That is the last lesson _____ I gave you.
3. This is the very book _____ I’m after.
4. That is just the coat _____ color is red.
5. That is the right place _____ he works.
6. I still remember the schools and boys ______ I met there.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)Practice 2 7. Everything ______ you said is true.
8. Which is the book _____ you want?
9. Who is the girl ______ sits there.
10. All _____ he said is true.
11. All _____ is said by him is true.
12. Are there any problems ____ trouble you?
13. I will make full use of the time
______ there is left for me. (that)(that)that(that)that that(that)14. Such boys ___ you mentioned are well.
15. The boys ____ ___ you mentioned are
well.
16. It is so difficult a problem ___ no one
can work out.
17. It is so difficult a problem_____ no one
can work it out.
18. She wore the same hat ____ you wore
yesterday. thatsuch asasasas19. You have made the same mistake
_____ you made last time..
20. I had the same experience ____ you
have now.
21.She went to the same place ______ she
saw the key.
22. Those ____ are present are well.
23. Is this factory ___ ___ he visited?thatthatwherewhothe oneComplete the article on page 11 using who, whom, which or whose.Answers:
1.____________ 2.____________
3.____________ 4.____________
5.____________ 6.____________
7.____________ 8.____________whichwhichwhowhom/whowhowhichwhosewho/whomPart A:Complete the sentences.2. It has many students_______________ _____________________.
3. English is the subject ______________
_______.
4. I admire most an American lady ________________________.from different countrieswho/that arethat/which Iwho/that teaches us Englishlike bestPart B:5. Our History teacher tells us stories
_______________________.
6. I have a good friend ________________
__________________.
7. The library is a place_______________ _________________________.that/ which he is good atwhose name is Sallythat/which isquiet and comfortable/who is called Sally1. There are 54 students in our class,
______ 18 are girls.
A. more than B. less than
C. in those D. of whom
2. We’ll remember those days _________
we spent together.
A. when B. in which
C. in that D. which Exercises 3. The doctor _________ is leaving for
Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
4. Next month, _________ you’ll spend
in your hometown, is coming.
A. which B. that C. when D. where 5. He had a bad cold, _____he didn’t
attend the meeting.
A. because B. because of which
C. to which D. because of that
6. There is no dictionary ______ you can
find everything.
A. in it B. in which
C. where D. in that 7. Do you want to buy the same radio
_______ was shown on TV?
A. what B. which
C. as D. that
8. She was wearing the same dress
__________ she had on the day before.
A. that B. which
C. where D. what 9. A new building will be built, _______
is reported in today’s newspaper.
A. it B. as
C. which D. that
10. All ________ is needed is a supply
of oil.
A. / B. that
C. what D. which