暑假辅导语法复习专题---2011年新高三定语从句复习课件
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| 名称 | 暑假辅导语法复习专题---2011年新高三定语从句复习课件 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-06-25 06:00:00 | ||
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课件99张PPT。新高三定语从句复习the Attributive ClauseEastman 暑假辅导语法复习专题
之从句（一）在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：①由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。②由介词+which引导的定语从句。③非限制性定语从句。
定从关键是如何选择关联词。关联词在句中作状语就使用关系副词(where, when ,why)否则使用关系代词(who ,whom, whose,which, that)定语从句复习定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive
Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句①This is the film which I saw last night.③This is the film whose name is Titanic .④The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . ②Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .⑤Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clause①This is the film which I saw last night.③This is the film whose name is Titanic④The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy ②Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .⑤Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausewho指人，作主语whom指人，作宾语whose指人，作定语that指物，作主语which指物，作宾语关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√× × × × 关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因 who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why归纳总结做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分Fill in the blanks with :
who, whom, whose, which, thatA clock is a machine ______________ tells people the time .that/whichA nurse is a person _________ looks after sick people .who/thatHe is the man _______________ I met in the park yesterday .(whom/who/that)The man ________ leg broke in a match used to be a football player .whosePractice Look at the picture and combine
each pair of sentences using
that, which, who, whom, whose The boy is holding a dog .
He has golden hair . The boy is holding a dog .
His hair is golden .
The boy is Jim .
The boy is holding a dog .
The boy who has golden hair is holding a dog.The boy whose hair is golden is holding a dog . The boy who is holding a dog is Jim .The man is shouting for help .
His house is on fire . The man is Mr Black .
He is shouting for help .
The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.The man who is shouting for help is Mr Black .The girl is being taken to a hospital .
Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital . PracticeMake attributive clauses to complete the sentences , using the given words .1. Zhang Heng is the man
____________________________________.
2. Seismograph is a machine
____________________________________.
can/tell/where/an earthquake /will happenwhich can tell where an earthquake will happenmake/the earlist/seismograph/in 132
who made the earliest seismograph in 132 4. Howard Carter is the man
______________________________
6. King Tut was the person
_____________________________________
found/King Tut’s tombwho found King Tut’s tomb Tomb/was found/Howard Carterwhose tomb was found by Howard Carter Shanghai is the city which /that has got the chance to host the 2010 World Expo..2. Shanghai is the city which/that will host the 2010 World Expo.3. The city which /that has got the chance to host the 2010 World Expo is Shanghai .get the chance , host , be held ,the 2010 World Expo., which, thatShanghai is the city /place…
The city … is Shanghai .4.The World Expo which will be held in Shanghai is a heyday for our Chinese.3.Titanic is the ship ____ a terrible disaster happened to .1.This is the ship ____name is also Titanic .2.Titanic is the ship ___ sank after hitting
an iceberg in 1894.whosethat/which4.Titanic is the ship to ___ a terrible disaster happened .介词后不能用thatthat/whichwhich注意：介词提前时只能用which 、whom而不能用that、who 3. Is this the library _____ ______ you borrow books?
4. Can you lend me the book ______ ______ you talked last night?
5. Do you find the pen ____ _____ I wrote just now?
6. He is the kind of boy ___ _____ few people will give a
second look .
7. I finish reading the book ___ _____ Lu Xun described his
childhood .2.The boy _______________ you want to talk to is in the lab. The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.1.This is the boy _______________ I sit behind . This is the boy behind whom I sit.(whom/who/that)(whom/who/that)from whichabout whichwith whichFill in the blanks with “prep. + which / whom” at whomin which 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在 限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性
定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能
用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如
果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关
系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语
中。如：温馨提示：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. Do you know the mosquito to whom I was talking?
2.Do you know the boy (that) she
was talking to?
3.The pen (which / that) I was
writing with suddenly broke. 介词的选用原则
根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭
配来决定。如：
①This is the camera on which I spent 6
yuan.
②This is the camera for which I paid 6
yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配pay money for sth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：
①I remember the day on which I came to my tower of ivory.
②I remember the days during which I
work here.
③I remember the month in which I
stayed here.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
Is that the newspaper for which you
often write articles?
4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
Can you explain to me how to use these
idioms about which I’m not sure？(Heaven helps those who help themselves. )⑴含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：
①This is the money (which / that) I am
looking for.
这是我正在找的Money。
This is the money for which I am
looking.TF注意：②The sweetheart (whom / who / that) Peter is looking after is very healthy.
Peter 照看的小甜心很健康。
The sweetheart after whom Peter is
looking is very healthy.TF⑵以the way为先行词的限制性定语从
句通常由in which或that引导，而且
通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he performed
in the film was funny. (Jim Carry Bruce Almighty )
I don’t like the way (that / in which/ --)
you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。⑶“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,
any, none, all, both, neither, many,
most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
①He loves his foster parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
②On the handcart there are quite many
watermelons, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad.
在板车上有许多西瓜，有些都已经坏了。
③There are sixty-one students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from neighboring district.
我们班有61个学生，其中大多数来自附近的地方。④Up to now, he has written ten stories,
three of which (=of which three) are
about country life.
迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中
３部是关于农村生活的。1.?Do you like the book _________ she
spent $10?
2.?Do you like the book ________
she paid $10?on whichUse proper prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.for which Practice one3. Do you like the book __________
she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book ___________
she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the
second longest _______ is the
Yellow River. from whichabout whichof which6. The man ________ I spoke on the
phone last night is very good at
lying.
7. This is the book _____ I am looking
for. to whomwhich1. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.
（04全国IV）
A. on which B. in which
C. of which D. from which2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
（04广西）
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which The attributive clause introduced by when, where and why.关系副词引导的定语从句 —Look ! What day is it today?
—Today is October, 1st when people get
together to celebrate our National Day!Where is it? It is the basketball court.
It is a place where we can play basketball indoors.定语从句中关系副词的使用1.定语从句中关系副词有：
when, where, why
2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：
关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。
when 作时间状语；where 作地点状
语；why 作原因状语。如：He remember the day when his wife abandoned him and ran away with another man.
I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.
Please give me the reason why you were late this time. when 作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为for the reason关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 注意： 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 如：
We often think of the days which we spent together in the university.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:
We often think of the days when we studied together in the university. when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us.
比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.另外：关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。
when 相当于“at/in/during…+which”
where 相当于“in/at/on…+which”
why 相当于“for + which” 如：Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?
Please put the love letter on the desk where/on which she can easily find it.
This is the reason why/for which he didn’t accept my love.I’ll never forget the day when I bought my cellphone.句中when相当于on whichDetailed explanationwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：
This is the bedroom where Peter lives.句中where相当于in whichDo you know the reason why she was late?
It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.思考是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?1.The painting (________ I looked) was
painted by me.
2.The story (___________ I heard) was
told long long ago.at whichabout which3.The pen (__________) he wrote that
book) can now be seen in a museum.
4.Kunming is a beautiful place
( _____________) flowers are seen all
the year round.
5.Eight years ago, I went to visit the house ( _____________ ) Feng Yuxiang
used to live.with whichwhere/in whichwhere/in which6. I will never forgot the day (_____________ ) I first met her on the Internet. 7. The film (____________I fell asleep) was very boring.
结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。on which/whenduring which注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：
“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如：
老爸工作的那家工厂是一家玩具厂。
这个句子有以下三种表达方式：The factory that/which my father works in is a toy one.
The factory in which my father works is a toy one.
The factory where my father works is a toy one.他将永远记住来到象牙塔的那天。
He will forever remember the day
that/which he came to came to his tower of ivory.
2. He will forever remember the day on which he came to his tower of ivory..
3. He will forever remember the day when he came to his tower of ivory.
.1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave.
when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况Vt.Vt.Vt.1. I shall never forget those years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life. (上海)
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who高考链接2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
(NMET)
A. which B. that
C. where D. when 3. The film brought the hours back to me______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
(NMET)
A. until B. that
C. when D. where4. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
(上海)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained5. There was ____ time_____ I hated
to go to school.
(湖北)
A. a, that B. a, when
C. the, that D. the, when6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.
(上海)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whoseThe county where I live is beautiful.
Suining, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Ms Zhang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseTeachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Ms Zhang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，
所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
Thiswhichwhomthem× that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich
/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这支笔和我丢的那支一模一样。这支笔就是我丢的那支。as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作
某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句 =主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构
只在句子中作某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词
或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，
因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词关系
代词关系
副词
指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语)Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。I was the only person who was invited.
in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has
come again.That is Ms. Ding, whose daughter teaches
English at experimental primary school. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.考点与难点归纳1.关系词的选择
2.that与which
3.对the way的考查
4.介词+关系词
5.as的使用
6.对where的考查
7.综合考查考点难点考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).when____Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a very rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).___________where1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).__________Please give me the reason _____ (you made such a great success).________whenwhyMorning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud)._________whenDo you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live)._______wherein whichThe house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which
that
/______Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake. who
whom
that
/_____My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out)._________________________in whichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).whereOctober 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which
thatThe meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.Which
that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二：that和which的选择 (1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。 ①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. ② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.考点二：that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。考点二：that和which的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
What that is on the table belongs to me?⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be. 1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点二：that 与 which做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ which/不填that/in which/不填缺状语缺宾语考点三：the way用做先行词the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少
主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:
引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that / in which / 不填考点三：the way用做先行词3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接：考点四：介词+关系词1. Do you know the boy __ ____ your mother
is talking?
2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first got
to Paris.
3. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar with.
which / that / 不填考点四：介词+关系词7. (浙江) I was given three books on cooking,
the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which做题技巧?定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom / which / whose
6. I recognized the boss in company my
sister was working. whose3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：as的用法asthatwhich
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。难点一：as的用法做题技巧?当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否
缺主语或宾语:(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语
或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配
表同一个事物
模拟训练 ：1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择
恰当的关系词。 wherethat
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. where定语从句that强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when难点三.综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_____ our
team won.
2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.that that/which/—综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （ 江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which ◆that/which1. We should go to the place_____
we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____
needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练 1. It was October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
2. It was in October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
A. that B. which
C. when D. whileCA对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like him.
2. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC The news came__1__ the British
Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, __2__ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A. that; which B. which; which
C. that; that D. when; as 1. I met the lady in the park _____ showed us how to make a cake .
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
2. This is the house _______ he lived when he was a child .
A. which B. that C. in where D. in which
3. The watches which _____ repaired last week have not been sent back .
A. was B. is C. were D. are
4. The baby ______ she is ________ is my little brother .
A. whom , looking B. who , taking care
C. after whom , looking D. whom , looking after
5. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief .
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
6. This is the only bus _____ goes to the village .
A. that B. which C. where D. who
Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks : 例析：定语从句易错点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用
e.g. 1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.
2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.
易错点二：固定句式出错
e.g. 1. Mary is so lovely girl as everybody loves her.
2. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.
易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象
e.g. 1.Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.
2. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.
易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合
e.g. 1. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?
2. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.
易错点五：对先行词概念不明确
e.g. 1. Is this library that you visited yesterday?
2. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?
易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误
e.g. 1. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
2. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.
易错点七：忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别
e.g. 1. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.
2. Here are the samples that --- had I thought of it --- you could have taken with you yesterday.
易错点八:介词前置出错
e.g. 1. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
2. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.
易错点九：which和whose意义不明确
e.g. 1. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 2. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.
之从句（一）在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：①由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。②由介词+which引导的定语从句。③非限制性定语从句。
定从关键是如何选择关联词。关联词在句中作状语就使用关系副词(where, when ,why)否则使用关系代词(who ,whom, whose,which, that)定语从句复习定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive
Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句①This is the film which I saw last night.③This is the film whose name is Titanic .④The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . ②Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .⑤Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clause①This is the film which I saw last night.③This is the film whose name is Titanic④The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy ②Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .⑤Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausewho指人，作主语whom指人，作宾语whose指人，作定语that指物，作主语which指物，作宾语关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√× × × × 关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因 who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why归纳总结做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分Fill in the blanks with :
who, whom, whose, which, thatA clock is a machine ______________ tells people the time .that/whichA nurse is a person _________ looks after sick people .who/thatHe is the man _______________ I met in the park yesterday .(whom/who/that)The man ________ leg broke in a match used to be a football player .whosePractice Look at the picture and combine
each pair of sentences using
that, which, who, whom, whose The boy is holding a dog .
He has golden hair . The boy is holding a dog .
His hair is golden .
The boy is Jim .
The boy is holding a dog .
The boy who has golden hair is holding a dog.The boy whose hair is golden is holding a dog . The boy who is holding a dog is Jim .The man is shouting for help .
His house is on fire . The man is Mr Black .
He is shouting for help .
The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.The man who is shouting for help is Mr Black .The girl is being taken to a hospital .
Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital . PracticeMake attributive clauses to complete the sentences , using the given words .1. Zhang Heng is the man
____________________________________.
2. Seismograph is a machine
____________________________________.
can/tell/where/an earthquake /will happenwhich can tell where an earthquake will happenmake/the earlist/seismograph/in 132
who made the earliest seismograph in 132 4. Howard Carter is the man
______________________________
6. King Tut was the person
_____________________________________
found/King Tut’s tombwho found King Tut’s tomb Tomb/was found/Howard Carterwhose tomb was found by Howard Carter Shanghai is the city which /that has got the chance to host the 2010 World Expo..2. Shanghai is the city which/that will host the 2010 World Expo.3. The city which /that has got the chance to host the 2010 World Expo is Shanghai .get the chance , host , be held ,the 2010 World Expo., which, thatShanghai is the city /place…
The city … is Shanghai .4.The World Expo which will be held in Shanghai is a heyday for our Chinese.3.Titanic is the ship ____ a terrible disaster happened to .1.This is the ship ____name is also Titanic .2.Titanic is the ship ___ sank after hitting
an iceberg in 1894.whosethat/which4.Titanic is the ship to ___ a terrible disaster happened .介词后不能用thatthat/whichwhich注意：介词提前时只能用which 、whom而不能用that、who 3. Is this the library _____ ______ you borrow books?
4. Can you lend me the book ______ ______ you talked last night?
5. Do you find the pen ____ _____ I wrote just now?
6. He is the kind of boy ___ _____ few people will give a
second look .
7. I finish reading the book ___ _____ Lu Xun described his
childhood .2.The boy _______________ you want to talk to is in the lab. The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.1.This is the boy _______________ I sit behind . This is the boy behind whom I sit.(whom/who/that)(whom/who/that)from whichabout whichwith whichFill in the blanks with “prep. + which / whom” at whomin which 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在 限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性
定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能
用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如
果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关
系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语
中。如：温馨提示：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. Do you know the mosquito to whom I was talking?
2.Do you know the boy (that) she
was talking to?
3.The pen (which / that) I was
writing with suddenly broke. 介词的选用原则
根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭
配来决定。如：
①This is the camera on which I spent 6
yuan.
②This is the camera for which I paid 6
yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配pay money for sth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：
①I remember the day on which I came to my tower of ivory.
②I remember the days during which I
work here.
③I remember the month in which I
stayed here.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
Is that the newspaper for which you
often write articles?
4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
Can you explain to me how to use these
idioms about which I’m not sure？(Heaven helps those who help themselves. )⑴含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：
①This is the money (which / that) I am
looking for.
这是我正在找的Money。
This is the money for which I am
looking.TF注意：②The sweetheart (whom / who / that) Peter is looking after is very healthy.
Peter 照看的小甜心很健康。
The sweetheart after whom Peter is
looking is very healthy.TF⑵以the way为先行词的限制性定语从
句通常由in which或that引导，而且
通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he performed
in the film was funny. (Jim Carry Bruce Almighty )
I don’t like the way (that / in which/ --)
you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。⑶“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,
any, none, all, both, neither, many,
most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
①He loves his foster parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
②On the handcart there are quite many
watermelons, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad.
在板车上有许多西瓜，有些都已经坏了。
③There are sixty-one students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from neighboring district.
我们班有61个学生，其中大多数来自附近的地方。④Up to now, he has written ten stories,
three of which (=of which three) are
about country life.
迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中
３部是关于农村生活的。1.?Do you like the book _________ she
spent $10?
2.?Do you like the book ________
she paid $10?on whichUse proper prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.for which Practice one3. Do you like the book __________
she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book ___________
she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the
second longest _______ is the
Yellow River. from whichabout whichof which6. The man ________ I spoke on the
phone last night is very good at
lying.
7. This is the book _____ I am looking
for. to whomwhich1. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.
（04全国IV）
A. on which B. in which
C. of which D. from which2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
（04广西）
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which The attributive clause introduced by when, where and why.关系副词引导的定语从句 —Look ! What day is it today?
—Today is October, 1st when people get
together to celebrate our National Day!Where is it? It is the basketball court.
It is a place where we can play basketball indoors.定语从句中关系副词的使用1.定语从句中关系副词有：
when, where, why
2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：
关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。
when 作时间状语；where 作地点状
语；why 作原因状语。如：He remember the day when his wife abandoned him and ran away with another man.
I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.
Please give me the reason why you were late this time. when 作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为for the reason关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 注意： 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 如：
We often think of the days which we spent together in the university.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:
We often think of the days when we studied together in the university. when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us.
比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.另外：关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。
when 相当于“at/in/during…+which”
where 相当于“in/at/on…+which”
why 相当于“for + which” 如：Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?
Please put the love letter on the desk where/on which she can easily find it.
This is the reason why/for which he didn’t accept my love.I’ll never forget the day when I bought my cellphone.句中when相当于on whichDetailed explanationwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：
This is the bedroom where Peter lives.句中where相当于in whichDo you know the reason why she was late?
It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.思考是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?1.The painting (________ I looked) was
painted by me.
2.The story (___________ I heard) was
told long long ago.at whichabout which3.The pen (__________) he wrote that
book) can now be seen in a museum.
4.Kunming is a beautiful place
( _____________) flowers are seen all
the year round.
5.Eight years ago, I went to visit the house ( _____________ ) Feng Yuxiang
used to live.with whichwhere/in whichwhere/in which6. I will never forgot the day (_____________ ) I first met her on the Internet. 7. The film (____________I fell asleep) was very boring.
结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。on which/whenduring which注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：
“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如：
老爸工作的那家工厂是一家玩具厂。
这个句子有以下三种表达方式：The factory that/which my father works in is a toy one.
The factory in which my father works is a toy one.
The factory where my father works is a toy one.他将永远记住来到象牙塔的那天。
He will forever remember the day
that/which he came to came to his tower of ivory.
2. He will forever remember the day on which he came to his tower of ivory..
3. He will forever remember the day when he came to his tower of ivory.
.1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave.
when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况Vt.Vt.Vt.1. I shall never forget those years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life. (上海)
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who高考链接2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
(NMET)
A. which B. that
C. where D. when 3. The film brought the hours back to me______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
(NMET)
A. until B. that
C. when D. where4. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
(上海)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained5. There was ____ time_____ I hated
to go to school.
(湖北)
A. a, that B. a, when
C. the, that D. the, when6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.
(上海)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whoseThe county where I live is beautiful.
Suining, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Ms Zhang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseTeachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Ms Zhang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，
所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
Thiswhichwhomthem× that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich
/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这支笔和我丢的那支一模一样。这支笔就是我丢的那支。as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作
某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句 =主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构
只在句子中作某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词
或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，
因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词关系
代词关系
副词
指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语)Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。I was the only person who was invited.
in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has
come again.That is Ms. Ding, whose daughter teaches
English at experimental primary school. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.考点与难点归纳1.关系词的选择
2.that与which
3.对the way的考查
4.介词+关系词
5.as的使用
6.对where的考查
7.综合考查考点难点考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).when____Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a very rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).___________where1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).__________Please give me the reason _____ (you made such a great success).________whenwhyMorning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud)._________whenDo you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live)._______wherein whichThe house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which
that
/______Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake. who
whom
that
/_____My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out)._________________________in whichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).whereOctober 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which
thatThe meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.Which
that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二：that和which的选择 (1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。 ①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. ② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.考点二：that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。考点二：that和which的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
What that is on the table belongs to me?⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be. 1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点二：that 与 which做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ which/不填that/in which/不填缺状语缺宾语考点三：the way用做先行词the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少
主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:
引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that / in which / 不填考点三：the way用做先行词3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接：考点四：介词+关系词1. Do you know the boy __ ____ your mother
is talking?
2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first got
to Paris.
3. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar with.
which / that / 不填考点四：介词+关系词7. (浙江) I was given three books on cooking,
the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which做题技巧?定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom / which / whose
6. I recognized the boss in company my
sister was working. whose3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：as的用法asthatwhich
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。难点一：as的用法做题技巧?当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否
缺主语或宾语:(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语
或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配
表同一个事物
模拟训练 ：1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择
恰当的关系词。 wherethat
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. where定语从句that强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when难点三.综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_____ our
team won.
2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.that that/which/—综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （ 江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which ◆that/which1. We should go to the place_____
we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____
needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练 1. It was October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
2. It was in October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
A. that B. which
C. when D. whileCA对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like him.
2. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC The news came__1__ the British
Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, __2__ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A. that; which B. which; which
C. that; that D. when; as 1. I met the lady in the park _____ showed us how to make a cake .
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
2. This is the house _______ he lived when he was a child .
A. which B. that C. in where D. in which
3. The watches which _____ repaired last week have not been sent back .
A. was B. is C. were D. are
4. The baby ______ she is ________ is my little brother .
A. whom , looking B. who , taking care
C. after whom , looking D. whom , looking after
5. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief .
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
6. This is the only bus _____ goes to the village .
A. that B. which C. where D. who
Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks : 例析：定语从句易错点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用
e.g. 1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.
2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.
易错点二：固定句式出错
e.g. 1. Mary is so lovely girl as everybody loves her.
2. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.
易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象
e.g. 1.Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.
2. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.
易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合
e.g. 1. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?
2. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.
易错点五：对先行词概念不明确
e.g. 1. Is this library that you visited yesterday?
2. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?
易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误
e.g. 1. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
2. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.
易错点七：忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别
e.g. 1. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.
2. Here are the samples that --- had I thought of it --- you could have taken with you yesterday.
易错点八:介词前置出错
e.g. 1. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
2. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.
易错点九：which和whose意义不明确
e.g. 1. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 2. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.