Unit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
stars
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
高考试题一
题型
体裁
题材
词数
难度
完形填空
记叙文
费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事
271
★★★☆☆
（2017·新课标III卷
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket
to the right woman. But
41
apply. You
must
be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian
42
.
Jordan
Axani
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
28,
said
he
and
his
then
girlfriend,
Elizabeth
Gallagher,
booked
heavily
discounted
round-the-world
air
tickets
in
May,
but
their
43
ended
and
he
did
not
want
her
ticket
to
44
.
The
ticket
had
a
strict
no-transfer（不可转让）
45
,
but
since
passport
information
was
not
required
when
46
,
any
Canadian
Elizabeth
Gallagher
can
47
it.
＂I
just
want
to
see
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
ticket
go
to
good
use
and
for
someone
to
48
a
lot
of
joy,＂
said
Axani.
He
posted
his
49
on
a
social
networking
website,
and
received
thousands
of
e-mails,
including
thirty
from
actual
Elizabeth
Gallaghers
with
the
50
passports.
＂More
51
,
there
are
hundreds
of
Canadians
who
are
interested
in
52
their
name
to
Elizabeth
Gallagher,＂
Axani
said.
＂It
was
absolutely
out
of
53
,
thousands
of
e-mails,
people
around
the
world
54
their
stories
of
travel.＂
Axani
wrote
in
his
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )post
that
he
is
not
55
anything
in
return
and
that
the
woman
who
uses
the
56
ticket
can
choose
to
either
travel
with
him
or
57
the
ticket
and
travel
on
her
own.
The
58
is
sch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eduled
to
start
on
December
21
in
New
York
City
and
continue
on
to
Milan,
Prague,
Paris,
Bangkok
and
New
Delhi
before
59
in
Toronto
on
January
8.
He
said
the
60
woman
will
be
announced
on
the
website
and
the
trip
will
be
shared
online.
41.
A.
benefits
B.
deposits
C.
restrictions
D.
examinations
42.
A.
origin
B.
passport
C.
accent
D.
friend
43.
A.
holiday
B.
marriage
C.
dream
D.
relationship
44.
A.
go
to
waste
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
come
to
mind
C.
go
on
sale
D.
come
into
effect
45.
A.
policy
B.
order
C.
payment
D.
schedule
46.
A.
applying
B.
booking
C.
checking
D.
bargaining
47.
A.
use
B.
borrow
C.
choose
D.
buy
48.
A.
sacrifice
B.
express
C.
experience
D.
provide
49.
A.
answer
B.
advice
C.
offer
D.
comment
50.
A.
same
B.
right
C.
new
D.
real
51.
A.
interesting
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
annoying
C.
satisfying
D.
convincing
52.
A.
writing
B.
giving
C.
lending
D.
changing
53.
A.
touch
B.
question
C.
date
D.
control
54.
A.
admiring
B.
advertising
C.
sharing
D.
doubting
55.
A.
leaving
B.
looking
for
C.
losing
D.
dealing
with
56.
A.
single
B.
strange
C.
regular
D.
extra
57.
A.
return
B.
take
C.
reserve
D.
hide
58.
A.
interview
B.
program
C.
trip
D.
meeting
59.
A.
ending
B.
calling
C.
repeating
D.
staying
60.
A.
honored
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
lovely
C.
intelligent
D.
lucky
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神。
41.C
考查名词。A.
benefits
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )利益；B.
deposits押金；C.
restrictions限制；D.
examinations考试。根据后句内容You
must
be
named
Elizabeth
Gallagher
and
have
a
Canadian
42
可知申请免费环球旅行是有条件限制的，需要是名叫Elizabeth
Gallagher、有加拿大护照的女子。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
43.D
考查名词。A.
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oliday
假期；B.
marriage
婚姻；C.
dream梦想；D.
relationship关系。根据下文Jordan
Axani转让机票可知他和女朋友关系结束了。
44.A
考查动词短语。A.
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
waste浪费；B.
come
to
mind想到；C.
go
on
sale开始销售；D.
come
into
effect
开始生效。根据下文＂I
just
want
to
see
the
ticket
go
to
good
use
and
for
someone
to
48
a
lot
of
joy＂可知他之所以想把票赠送给同名的人，目的是不想浪费掉机票。故选A。
45.A
考查名词。A.
polic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y政策；B.
order
命令；C.
payment
付款；D.
schedule
计划，时间表。机票都是实名制，而且不可以转让，根据常识和语境可知这是一种政策。故选A。
46.B
考查动词。A.
applyi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng申请；B.
booking预订；C.
checking核实；D.
bargaining讨价还价。虽然机票不可转让，但是在预订的时候不需要护照的具体信息，因此在预订后这张机票可以给姓名相同的人使用。故选B。
47.A
考查动词。A.
use使用；B.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
borrow借用；C.
choose选择；D.
buy
购买。根据上文的介绍可知，因为护照信息没有登记，所以任何一个名叫Elizabeth
Gallagher，而且拥有加拿大护照的人都可以用这张机票。
48.C
考查动词。A.
sacr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifice牺牲；B.
express表达；C.
experience经历；D.
provide提供。人们如果能免费环球旅行，当然会享受到很多的乐趣。
49.C
考查名词。A.
answe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
答案；B.
advice建议；C.
offer提议；D.
comment评论。根据上文可知Jordan
Axani在社交网站上贴出的是自己的提议，即免费赠送机票。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
51.A
考查形容词。A.
intere
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sting有趣的；B.
annoying令人恼火的；C.
satisfying令人满意的；D.
convincing令人信服的。根据空后的内容可知有数百人想改名字，这当然是一件很有趣的事情。
52.D
考查动词。A.
wri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting
写；B.
giving给；C.
lending借出；D.
changing改变。根据上文可知申请的要求是需要和Jordan
Axani前女友同名，所以有人甚至想改名字。
53.D
考查名词。A.
touc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h触动；B.
question问题；C.
date日期；D.
control控制。根据后句内容可知，世界上的很多人都知道这件事，如果允许人们改名字的话，那么事情就会无法控制。
54.C
考查动词。A.
admir
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing羡慕；B.
advertising
广告；C.
sharing分享；D.
doubting怀疑。根据上文可知Jordan
Axani收到了数千封邮件，所以很多人都分享他们的旅行故事。
55.B
考查动词。A.
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eaving
离开；B.
looking
for
寻找；C.
losing失去；D.
dealing
with
对付。根据文章首段的首句可知Jordan
Axani是免费送给别人他多余的票，而不求回报。
56.D
考查形容词。A.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
single
单一的；B.
strange奇怪的；C.
regular定期的；D.
extra额外的。根据第二段可知Jordan
Axani在和女朋友分手后，女朋友的机票就是多余出来的了。
57.B
考查动词。A.
return
回
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去；B.
take拿走；C.
reserve保留；D.
hide隐藏。根据空后内容and
travel
on
her
own可知，申请到票的人可以和他一起旅行，也可以拿着票自己去旅行。
58.C
考查名词。A.
intervie
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w采访；B.
program项目；C.
trip旅行；D.
meeting会面。根据第三段末句their
stories
of
travel可知，Jordan
Axani是在赠送环球旅行的飞机票。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高考试题二
题型
体裁
题材
词数
难度
阅读理解
议论文
太空生活
372
★★★☆☆
(2015·湖北阅读理解D篇)The
odd
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness
of
life
in
space
never
quite
goes
away.
Here
are
some
examples.
First
consider
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
something
as
simple
as
sleep.
Its
position
presents
its
own
challenges.
The
main
question
is
whether
you
want
your
arms
inside
or
outside
the
sleeping
bag.
If
you
leave
your
arms
out,
they
float
free
in
zero
gravity,
often
giving
a
sleeping
astronaut
the
look
of
a
funny
balled(芭蕾)
dancer.
＂I’m
an
inside
guy,＂
Mike
Hopkins
says,
who
returned
from
a
six-month
tour
on
the
International
Space
Station.
＂I
like
to
be
wrapped
up.＂
On
the
station,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
ordinary
becomes
strange.
The
exercise
bike
for
the
American
astronauts
has
no
handlebars.
It
also
has
no
seat.
With
no
gravity,
it’s
just
as
easy
to
pedal
violently.
You
can
watch
a
movie
while
you
pedal
by
floating
a
microcomputer
anywhere
you
want.
But
station
residents
have
to
be
careful
about
staying
in
one
place
too
long.
Without
gravity
to
help
circulate
air,
the
carbon
dioxide
you
exhale(呼气)
has
a
tendency
to
form
an
invisible(隐形的)
cloud
around
your
head.
You
can
end
up
with
what
astronauts
call
a
carbon-dioxide
headache.
Leroy
Chiao,
54,
an
A
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )merican
retired
astronaut
after
four
flights,
describes
what
happens
even
before
you
float
out
of
your
seat,＂Your
inner
ear
thinks
you’re
falling.
Meanwhile
your
eyes
are
telling
you
you’re
standing
straight.
That
can
be
annoying
—
that’s
why
some
people
feel
sick.＂
Within
a
couple
of
days
—
truly
terrible
days
for
some
—
astronauts’
brains
learn
to
ignore
the
panicky
signals
from
the
inner
ear,
and
space
sickness
disappears.
Space
travel
can
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
so
delightful
but
at
the
same
time
invisibly
dangerous.
For
instance,
astronauts
lose
bone
mass.
That’s
why
exercise
is
considered
so
vital
that
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration(NASA)
puts
it
right
on
the
workday
schedule.
The
focus
on
fitness
is
as
much
about
science
and
the
future
as
it
is
about
keeping
any
individual
astronaut
healthy.
NASA
is
worried
about
two
things:
recovery
time
once
astronauts
return
home,
and,
more
importantly,
how
to
maintain
strength
and
fitness
for
the
two
and
a
half
years
or
more
that
it
would
take
to
make
a
round-trip
to
Mars.
63.
What
is
the
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ajor
challenge
to
astronauts
when
they
sleep
in
space
A.
Deciding
on
a
proper
sleep
position.
B.
Choosing
a
comfortable
sleeping
bag.
C.
Seeking
a
way
to
fall
asleep
quickly.
D.
Finding
a
right
time
to
go
to
sleep.
64.
The
astronau
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
will
suffer
from
a
carbon-dioxide
headache
when
_________.
A.
they
circle
around
on
their
bikes
B.
they
use
microcomputers
without
a
stop
C.
they
exercise
in
one
place
for
a
long
time
D.
they
watch
a
movie
while
pedaling
65.
Some
astronauts
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
feel
sick
on
the
station
during
the
first
few
days
because
_________.
A.
their
senses
stop
working
B.
they
have
to
stand
up
straight
C.
they
float
out
of
their
seats
unexpectedly
D.
their
brains
receive
contradictory
messages
66.
One
of
the
NASA’s
major
concerns
about
astronauts
is
_________.
A.
how
much
exercise
they
do
on
the
station
B.
how
they
can
remain
healthy
for
long
in
space
C.
whether
they
can
recover
after
returning
home
D.
whether
they
are
able
to
go
back
to
the
station
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文通
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
64.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三段中的＂But
station
residents
have
to
be
careful
about
staying
in
one
place
too
long.
…You
can
end
up
with
what
astronauts
call
a
carbon-dioxide
headache.＂可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
66.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段倒数第一、二句＂The
focus
on
fitness
is
as
much
about
science
and
the
future
as
is
about
keeping
any
individual
astronaut
healthy…NASA
is
worried
about
two
things
:…
and,
more
importantly,
how
to
maintain
strength
and
fitness…＂可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。
【试题分析】
阅读理解材料开阔，内含丰
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )富。随着人类第一次登月成功，人类对宇宙的探索越来越深入。而载人航天器可以将人类带至其他星球。那么，航天器、空间站上宇航员的生活是什么样的呢？本篇是关于太空空间站的日常生活的奇特之处的，将大家感兴趣或者感觉很神秘的宇航员在空间站的日常生活展现在大家面前。
高考试题三
题型
体裁
题材
词数
难度
阅读理解
议论文
科学
345
★★★☆☆
(2015·湖北阅读理解E篇)Sc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ience
has
a
lot
of
uses.
It
can
uncover
laws
of
nature,
cure
diseases,
make
bombs,
and
help
bridges
to
stand
up.
Indeed
science
is
so
good
at
what
it
does
that
there’s
always
a
temptation(诱惑)
to
drag
it
into
problems
where
it
may
not
be
helpful.
David
Brooks,
author
of
The
Social
Animal:
The
Hidden
Sources
of
Love,
Character,
and
Achievement,
appears
to
be
the
latest
in
a
long
line
of
writers
who
have
failed
to
resist
the
temptation.
Brooks
gaine
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
fame
for
several
books.
His
latest
book
The
Social
Animal,
however,
is
more
ambitious
and
serious
than
his
earlier
books.
It
is
an
attempt
to
deal
with
a
set
of
weighty
topics.
The
book
focuses
on
big
questions:
What
has
science
revealed
about
human
nature
What
are
the
sources
of
character
And
why
are
some
people
happy
and
successful
while
others
aren’t
To
answer
these
q
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uestions,
Brooks
surveys
a
wide
range
of
disciplines().
Considering
this,
you
might
expect
the
book
to
be
a
dry
recitation
of
facts.
But
Brooks
has
structured
his
book
in
an
unorthodox(非常规的),
and
perhaps
unfortunate,
way.
Instead
of
introducing
scientific
theories,
he
tells
a
story,
within
which
he
tries
to
make
his
points,
perhaps
in
order
to
keep
the
reader’s
attention.
So
as
Harold
and
Erica,
the
hero
and
heroine
in
his
story,
live
through
childhood,
we
hear
about
the
science
of
child
development,
and
as
they
begin
to
date
we
hear
about
the
theory
of
sexual
attraction.
Brooks
carries
this
through
to
the
death
of
one
of
his
characters.
On
the
whole,
Br
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooks’s
story
is
acceptable
if
uninspired.
As
one
would
expect,
his
writing
is
mostly
clear
and,
to
be
fair,
some
chapters
stand
out
above
the
rest.
I
enjoyed,
for
instance,
the
chapter
in
which
Harold
discovers
how
to
think
on
his
own.
While
Harold
and
Erica
are
certainly
not
strong
or
memorable
characters,
the
more
serious
problems
with
The
Social
Animal
lie
eslewhere.
These
problems
partly
involve
Brooks’s
attempt
to
translate
his
tale
into
science.
67.
The
author
me
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntions
the
functions
of
science
at
the
beginning
of
the
passage
to_________.
A.
illustrate
where
science
can
be
applied
B.
demonstrate
the
value
of
Brooks’s
new
book
C.
remind
the
reader
of
the
importance
of
science
D.
explain
why
many
writers
use
science
in
their
works
68.
According
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
the
author,
which
of
the
following
could
be
a
strength
of
the
book
A.
Its
strong
basis.
B.
Its
convincing
points.
C.
Its
clear
writing.
D.
Its
memorable
characters.
69.
What
is
the
author’s
general
attitude
towards
the
book
A.
Contradictory.
B.
Supportive.
C.
Cautious.
D.
Critical.
70.
What
is
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
author
likely
to
write
about
after
the
last
paragraph
A.
Problems
with
the
book.
B.
Brooks’s
life
experiences.
C.
Death
of
the
characters.
D.
Brooks’s
translation
skills.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks的新书The
Social
Animal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stand
out
above
the
rest.
I
enjoyed,…＂可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选C项。
69.D
【解析】观点态度题。最后
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中的连词＂While＂之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足，因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D项。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【试题分析】
现代社会的进步离不开科技
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的进步、科学的发展。科学有什么作用呢？又有什么魅力引导这各行各业的人们孜孜不倦地追求科学？本文就讲了作家在文学作品中运用科学，并用严禁的学术风格和犀利的批判眼光来引起学生对学术殿堂的向往。Unit4
Astronomy：the
science
of
stars
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I.
单词拼写
1.
Her
school
report
shows
that
she
is
weak
in____________
(生物).
2.
I
hope
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will
recover
soon
under
this
healthful____________
(气候).
3.
He
noticed
a
plastic
bag____________
(飘浮)in
the
sky.
4.
He____________
(拉开)the
door
open
and
rushed
out.
5.
There
are
five
scientists
in
the____________
(宇宙飞船).
6.
She
c____________
the
glass
angrily
against
the
wall.
7.
British
p____________
Isaac
Newton
died
on
March
20th
at
the
age
of
84.
8.
The
dog
is
so
g____________
that
I
am
not
afraid
of
it.
9.
Television
statio
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns
around
the
world
are
linked
by
s____________.10.
By
the
earth’s
g____________,
apples
fall
to
the
ground.
II.
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
(like)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
most
people
in
the
office
who
come
to
work
by
car,
I
usually
come
to
work
by
bus.
2.
We
live
in
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(globe)
village,
but
this
doesn’t
mean
that
we
all
behave
in
the
same
way.
3.
Do
you
believe
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
ghosts
Perhaps
they
only
in
the
minds
of
some
people.(exist)
4.
Last
night
we
had
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
discussion,
which
became
more
and
more
.
Finally
we
reached
an
agreement
that
we
will
never
use
whatever
happens.(violent)
5.
There
was
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________
look
on
the
little
girl’s
face
because
a
______________
problem
______________
her.
(puzzle)
6.
Playing
comput
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
games
will
not
only
do
______________
to
your
physical
health,
but
it
is
also
______________
to
your
mental
health.
So
there
is
no
______________
in
advising
you
to
give
it
up.(harm)
7.
To
us
the
whole
______________
(global)
is
like
a
family.
8.
He
often
says
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
he
doesn’t
believe
in
any
______________
(religious)
and
only
believes
in
himself.
9.
The
customers
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________
(multiply)
their
demands
on
this
kind
of
products
in
the
past
two
years.
10.
We
need
many
powerful
______________
(system).
III.单项填空
1.(2017·北京卷)
Ever
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
year,
________
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever
2.（2016·江苏卷）It
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
often
the
case
____________
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
A.
why
B.
what
C.
as
D.
that
3.
Top
players
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
must
have
excellent
ball
control,
but
it
is
not
just
______________
they
do
with
their
feet
______________
counts.
A.how；that
B.that；what
C.whether；what
D.what；that
4.
______________
Tom
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will
win
the
computer
competition
remains
a
secret
till
next
Monday.
A.When
B.That
C.What
D.Whether
5.
______________
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
Chinese
government
plans
to
end
its
one-child
policy
and
instead
let
families
have
two
children.
A.It
was
reported
B.What
was
reported
C.It
has
reported
D.As
was
reported
6.
It
is
said
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____________
the
picture
shows
a
Chinese
girl
standing
by
the
river
under
a
tree,
seemingly
listening
to
a
bird
singing.
A.which
B.as
C.what
D.that
7.
It
doesn’t
matter
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____________
will
take
over
the
company,
as
no
one
can
save
it
from
financial
crisis.
A.whoever
B.anyone
C.who
D.no
matter
who
8.
So
absurd
______________
that
______________
saw
him
stared
at
him.
A.did
he
look；anyone
B.he
looked；no
matter
who
C.did
he
look；whoever
D.he
looked；who
9.
It’s
not
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
you
have
in
your
life
but
______________
you
have
in
your
life
that
matters.
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.what
10.
______________
bot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hers
me
is
that
the
young
man
seems
to
know
a
bit
too
much.
A.Whether
B.What
C.Which
D.That
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I.
单词拼写
1.
biology
2.
climate
3.
floating
4.
pulled
5.
spaceship
6.
crashed
7.
physicist
8.
gentle
9.
satellites
10.
gravity
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
Unlike
2.
global
3.
existence;
exist
4.
violent;
violence
5.
puzzled;
puzzling;
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )puzzled
6.
harm;
harmful;
harm
7.
globe
8.
religion
9.
multiplied
10.
systems
III.单项填空
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。
3.
D
【解析】考查主语从句和强调
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。句意：顶级球员必须有优秀的控球能力，重要的不只是用脚能踢球。第一空考查主语从句，what起连接作用并作do的宾语；第二空考查强调句型，it
is
+被强调部分
+
that...。故选D。
4.
D
【解析】考查主语从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。句意：汤姆是否能赢得电脑比赛直到下周一才能知道。remain前面是主语从句，根据句意可知用whether引导，表示＂是否＂。故选D。
5.
A
【解析】考查句式
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。It
is
reported
that...是固定句式，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。What
was
reported后面要加系动词。故选A。
6.
D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：据
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，这幅画表现的是一个中国女孩站在河边的树下，似乎在聆听一只鸟儿唱歌。It是形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的主语从句，从句意义和成分完整，故用that。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8.
C
【解析】句意：他看起来很可笑
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，无论谁看到他都盯着他看。在so...that...结构中，如果主句中的＂so...＂位于句首，则主句需用部分倒装形式。whoever无论谁，在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。故选C。
9.
A
【解析】考查主语从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。句意：重要的不是你生活中拥有什么，而是你拥有谁。使用强调句，强调的是not...
but...连接的并列的主语从句。第二个主语从句中have后面缺少宾语，排除that，根据句意应该是who。故选A。
10.
B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )让我烦的是这个年轻人知道的似乎有点太多了。根据句意可知，此处为主语从句，连词在从句中充当主语。whether是否；which哪个；that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分。故选B。Unit4
Astronomy：the
science
of
stars
单元检测卷
第一部分
听力（满分30分）（略）
第二部分
阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节
(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A（2017·浙江卷）
FLORENCE,
Italy—Sv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etlana
Cojochru
feels
hurt.
The
Moldovan
has
lived
here
seven
years
as
a
caregiver
to
Italian
kids
and
elderly,
but
in
order
to
stay
she’s
had
to
prove
her
language
skills
by
taking
a
test
which
requires
her
to
write
a
postcard
to
an
imaginary
friend
and
answer
a
fictional
job
ad.
Italy
is
the
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atest
Western
European
country
trying
to
control
a
growing
immigrant(移民)
population
by
demanding
language
skills
in
exchange
for
work
permits,
or
in
some
cases,
citizenship.
Some
immigra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt
advocates
worry
that
as
hard
financial
times
make
it
more
difficult
for
natives
to
keep
jobs,
such
measures
will
become
more
a
vehicle
for
intolerance
than
integration(融合).
Others
say
it’s
only
natural
that
newcomers
learn
the
language
of
their
host
nation,
seeing
it
as
a
condition
to
ensure
they
can
contribute
to
society.
Other
European
count
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ries
laid
down
a
similar
requirement
for
immigrants,
and
some
terms
are
even
tougher.
The
governments
argue
that
this
will
help
foreigners
better
join
the
society
and
promote
understanding
across
cultures.
Italy,
which
has
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
much
weaker
tradition
of
immigration,
has
witnessed
a
sharp
increase
in
immigration
in
recent
years.
In
1990,
immigrants
numbered
some
1.14
million
out
of
Italy’s
then
56.7
million
people,
or
about
2
percent.
At
the
start
of
this
year,
foreigners
living
in
Italy
amounted
to
4.56
million
of
a
total
population
of
60.6
million,
or
7.5
percent,
with
immigrants’
children
accounting
for
an
ever
larger
percentage
of
births
in
Italy.
Cojochru,
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Moldovan
caregiver,
hoped
obtaining
permanent
residence(居住权)
would
help
her
bring
her
two
children
to
Italy;
they
live
with
her
sister
in
Moldova,
where
salaries
are
among
the
lowest
in
Europe.
She
was
skeptical
that
the
language
requirement
would
encourage
integration.
Italians
always
＂see
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
as
a
foreigner,＂
an
outsider,
even
though
she’s
stayed
in
the
country
for
years
and
can
speak
the
local
language
fluently,
she
said.
1.
Why
does
Cojochru
have
to
take
a
language
test
A.
To
continue
to
stay
in
Italy.
B.
To
teach
her
children
Italian.
C.
To
find
a
better
job
in
Italy.
D.
To
better
mix
with
the
Italians.
2.
Some
people
worry
that
the
new
language
requirement
may
________.
A.
reduce
Italy’s
pop
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ulation
quickly
B.
cause
conflicts
among
people
C.
lead
to
financial
difficulties
D.
put
pressure
on
schools
3.
What
do
we
know
about
Cojochru
A.
She
lives
with
her
sister
now
in
Italy.
B.
She
enjoys
learning
the
Italian
language.
C.
She
speaks
Italian
well
enough
for
her
job.
D.
She
wishes
to
go
back
to
her
home
country.
B（2017届山西省太原市高三第三次模拟）
Dear
Parents:
I’m
delighted
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
you
are
considering
the
British
International
School
for
your
children’s
education.
Our
school
offers
first
class
international
education
delivered
by
experienced,
highly
qualified
and
professional
staff.
We
aim
to
pro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vide
a
high
quality
British-style
education
characterized
by:
The
arrangement
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
English
National
Curriculum
to
meet
the
needs
of
international
and
local
students
and
offering
an
insight
into
the
local
culture.
High
quality
teaching
provided
by
international
and
local
staff.
A
broad
personal
dev
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elopment
of
students
that
encourages
independence,
confidence,
tolerance,
good
manners
and
respect.
A
recognition
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
the
school-parent
partnership
in
the
successful
education
of
the
children.
An
acknowledge
that
al
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
students
are
individuals
who
deserve
an
environment
to
help
realize
their
academic
and
other
potential,
thereby
preparing
them
for
their
chosen
continued
education
and
career.
A
safe,
caring,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )happy
and
stimulating
environment
benefiting
from
high
quality
facilities.
Our
school
provide
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
an
effective
framework
for
education
through
a
broad,
balanced,
and
monitored
curriculum.
As
students
advance
through
the
school,
we
ensure
that
their
needs
are
met
through
progressive
teaching
and
learning.
Although
our
curriculum
is
based
upon
the
National
Curriculum
for
England,
it
is
adapted
as
appropriate,
to
ensure
suitability
for
our
diverse
student
body.
Thus,
we
strive
for
the
development
of
transferable
skills
through
the
years
of
school,
as
well
as
the
acquisition
of
a
broad
body
of
knowledge.
Students
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
given
opportunities
to
develop
many
skills.
These
include
skills
in
language,
in
science,
technology
and
mathematics,
in
the
aesthetic(审美的)
and
creative
fields
of
music,
drama
and
art,
and
in
physical
education.
We
insist
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
students
act
in
a
responsible
manner
toward
all
members
of
society.
Throughout
the
school,
students
are
taught
to
distinguish
between
right
and
wrong
and
show
consideration
for
others.
The
qualities
of
honesty,
kindness
and
good
manners
are
always
encouraged.
Our
friendly
atmosphere
provides
a
secure
and
happy
environment
in
which
children
can
grow
and
flourish
as
Individuals
and
valued
members
of
the
school
family.
4.What
do
you
think
the
author
is
A.A
school
principal
B.
An
exchange
student.
C.A
n
assistant
professor
D.
An
experienced
lecturer.
5.Why
does
the
school
change
its
curriculum
when
necessary
A.
To
develop
some
good
students’
skills.
B.
To
meet
the
needs
of
different
students.
C.
To
offer
an
insight
into
the
local
culture.
D.
To
help
students
realize
their
potential.
6.Which
of
the
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing
about
the
students
is
NOT
mentioned
in
the
passage
A.
Manners
B.
Self-discipline
C.
Qualities.
D.
Independence.
7.What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage
A.
The
author
thinks
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
schools
and
parents
play
an
important
role
in
teaching.
B.
The
author
is
st
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ressing
that
responsibility
is
the
most
important
thing
for
a
student.
C.
The
author
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
encouraging
more
parents
to
send
their
children
to
this
school.
D.
The
author
im
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plies
students
become
valued
people
without
a
friendly
atmosphere.
C
On
Sunday
morning
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Rio,
when
Chinese
women’s
volleyball
team
took
on
Serbia
for
the
Olympic
title,
70
percent
of
Chinese
families
watched
live
broadcast
on
TV,
easily
beating
the
audience
rating
for
Lunar
New
Year
Gala.
As
team
captain
Hui
Ruoqi
hit
a
powerful
spike
to
seal
it
19-25，
25-17，
25-22，
25-23
on
Sunday
morning
in
Rio,
applause
and
cheers
almost
blew
off
the
roof
of
Maracanazinho.
China’s
news
program
Xinwen
Lianbo
spent
seven
of
30
minutes
reliving
the
story.
This
is
their
third
Olympic
gold
medal
the
Chinese
women’s
volleyball
team
has
won
since
the
1980s.
In
Rio,
the
Chin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese
women’s
volleyball
team
was
assigned
to
the
so-called
group
of
death
and
faced
several
strong
competitors.
But
the
team
never
gave
up.
When
the
team
lost
its
Rio
Olympic
opener
to
the
Netherlands
on
Aug
6,
Lang
Ping
urged
her
players
to
support
one
another
through
the
ups
and
downs.
When
China
lost
to
Serbia
and
the
United
States,
finishing
fourth
to
get
a
narrow
escape
from
Group
B
and
had
to
face
host
Brazil
in
the
quarters,
Lang
Ping
helped
her
players
grow
from
each
defeat
on
the
pressure-packed
Olympic
stage.
Lang
Ping,
nic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )knamed
“Iron
Hammer”,
is
a
national
heroine
as
well
as
a
legend
in
world
sports.
She
made
histories
in
coaching
many
clubs
and
national
teams
to
top
level.
She
resigned
due
to
health
reasons
in
1998.
However,
when
the
Chinese
women’s
volleyball
faced
difficulties
after
the
Beijing
Olympics,
the
52-year-old
lady
came
back
in
2013
and
took
the
coaching
position.
She
dug
out
a
group
of
young
talents
including
Rio
2016
MVP
Zhu
Ting
to
help
seasoned
players
Hui
Ruoqi
and
Xu
Yunli.
But
more
importantly,
she
passed
on
the
spirit
to
them.
Among
all
the
Ch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inese
sports
teams,
the
women’s
volleyball
remain
the
most
special
one,
whose
victories
fueled
Chinese
confidence
in
the
1980s
and
still
represent
the
best
things
that
sports
can
offer
to
the
Chinese:
perseverance,
courage
and
unity.
8.What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraph
1
A.
The
game
against
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Serbia
attracted
more
Chinese
audience
than
Lunar
New
Year
Gala.
B.
China’s
Xinwen
Lianbo
reported
the
team’s
victory
for
30
minutes.
C.
The
roof
of
Maracanazinho
was
blown
off
by
the
excited
audience.
D.
The
Chinese
women’s
volleyball
team
was
beaten
by
Serbia.
9.It
can
be
inferred
from
the
text
that
________.
A.
the
team
beat
the
Netherlands
on
Aug
6
B.
Lang
resigned
from
a
club
due
to
health
problems
in
2013
C.
Lang
brought
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Chinese
women’s
volleyball
back
to
the
Olympic
glory
D.
after
the
Ri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
Olympic
opener,
the
team
experienced
non-stop
victories
10.Who
does
the
underline
word
“she”
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to
A.
Zhu
Ting.
B.
Hui
Ruoqi.
C.
Xu
Yunli.
D.
Lang
Ping.
11.What
make
the
Chinese
women’s
volleyball
team
so
special
A.
The
coach
and
strong
competitors.
B.
Some
young
talents
and
seasoned
players.
C.
Each
defeat
and
pressure.
D.
The
teams’
success
and
spirits.
D
You
are
never
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eally
alone
in
science,
at
least
not
at
first.
Most
academic
careers
start
with
a
PhD,
which
involves
work
closely
with
a
supervisor,
or
an
adviser.
Nonetheless
it’s
worth
thinking
about
whether
you’ll
join
a
team
of
thousands
or,
on
the
contrary,
work
hard
for
a
temporary
alliance
of
two.
Join
a
large
team,
and
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
you
might
play
a
part
in
something
as
big
as
landing
a
science
laboratory
on
Mars.
But
you’ll
have
to
work
exceptionally
hard
to
make
your
contribution
familiar
to
future
employers.
Working
on
your
own
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
with
a
small
group
puts
you
in
control
and
makes
it
easier
for
future
employers
to
see
your
accomplishments.
It’s
slightly
more
dangerous
—
there’s
no
one
to
blame
when
things
go
wrong
—
but
it’s
an
exciting
way
to
go
if
you
can.
When
I
start
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
my
PhD
in
2005,
my
supervisor
set
me
to
work
with
a
small,
informal
team.
I
still
spend
about
half
my
time
working
with
some
of
the
same
people
on
rather
different
projects.
The
team
brings
help
in
the
form
of
resources
and
friendly
criticism.
The
field
you
choose
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
determines
whether
this
mode
of
working
will
be
suitable.
In
experimental
particle
physics,
for
instance,
it’s
almost
essential
to
work
in
a
big
group.
Astronomy,
the
field
in
which
I
work,
finds
itself
in
an
in-between
state:
historically,
most
work
was
accomplished
by
individuals
or
small
groups,
but
that
situation
is
changing.
As
telescopes
become
larger
and
more
complex,
they
require
larger
groups
of
engineers
and
scientists
to
build
them,
run
them
and
interpret
their
results.
The
Planck
surveyor
satellite,
for
instance,
lists
around
200
authors
on
its
early
papers.
Individuals
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )small
groups
can
still
work
on
big
things.
Every
day
I
take
my
own
decisions
about
what
I’ll
do
next
—
sometimes
that’s
scary,
but
more
often
it’s
enormous
fun.
If
you’re
doing
some
research,
and
going
＂small＂
is
an
option,
I’d
recommend
it.
12.Nowadays
astronomy
needs
more
people
because .
A.it
is
a
tradition
from
the
past
B.
the
aim
of
astronomy
has
changed
C.
advanced
equipment
is
used
D.
more
people
are
interested
in
it
13.Which
of
the
following
is
the
advantage
of
working
on
your
own
A.
Future
employers
are
more
likely
to
appreciate
your
work.
B.
You
can
work
with
different
people
on
different
projects.
C.
It
is
more
en
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )joyable
and
you
can
do
your
research
more
efficiently.
D.
It’s
easier
for
you
to
obtain
accomplishments
in
a
shorter
time.
14.Why
do
some
people
prefer
to
join
a
large
team
A.
Because
the
team
can
bring
them
more
help.
B.
Because
they
have
the
chance
to
join
a
large
project.
C.
Because
they
can
get
friendly
criticism
from
their
colleagues.
D.
Because
their
supervisors
will
share
their
experience
with
them.
15.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage
A.
The
importance
of
cooperation
B.
Be
cautious
in
science!
C.
The
advantage
of
group
work
D.
Large
team
or
small
group
第二节
(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone
wan
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
to
be
happy,
but
not
everyone
can
make
it.
Do
you
want
to
have
a
good
mood
every
day
If
so,
the
following
steps
will
be
useful
to
you.
Be
grateful.
1 They
can
be
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imple
things
like
the
purple
flower
on
the
sidewalk,
the
beautiful
sunset,
and
the
hot
shower
you
take
every
day.
When
you
have
a
grateful
heart,
you’11
cherish
them
and
be
naturally
filled
with
happiness.
2
When
you
put
your
mind
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
heart
and
soul
into
what
you’re
doing,
you’re
creating
a
happiness
state—called
the
＂flow＂.
When
you’re
living
in
the
flow,
you’re
less
likely
to
mind
what
others
may
think
about
you,
and
less
bothered
by
unimportant
things.
The
result
More
happiness,
of
course!
Become
a
problem
solver.
Happy
people
are
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblem
solvers. 3 Instead,
they
face
up
to
the
challenge
and
channel
their
energies
into
finding
a
creative
solution.
By
becoming
a
problem
solver,
you’ll
build
up
your
self-confidence
and
your
ability
to
accomplish
whatever
you
determine
to
do.
Practice
forgiveness.
Hatred
and
anger
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
forms
of
self-punishment.
When
you
forgive,
you’re
actually
practicing
kindness
to
yourself.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 4 Everyone
makes
mistakes.
It’s
through
our
mistakes
that
we
learn
and
grow
to
become
a
bigger
and
better
person.
Give
back.
Doing
good
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
one
of
the
surest
ways
to
feel
good.
According
to
Harvard,
when
people
do
good,
their
brains
become
active
in
the
very
same
reward
center
that
is
stimulated
when
they
experience
other
rewards. 5
A.
Go
with
the
flow.
B.
Focus
on
what
you
are
doing.
C.
And
most
importantly,
learn
to
forgive
yourself.
D.
When
they
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
face
a
challenge
in
life,
they
don’t
fall
into
a
sad
state.
E.
When
they
meet
wit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
difficulties,
they
will
solve
them
on
their
own.
F.
So
It’s
not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
surprise
that
people
who
care
more
about
others
are
happier.
G.
Slow
down,
look
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )around,
and
pay
attention
to
the
little
details
in
your
life.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Through
time
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
I
have
seen
in
several
animal
TV
programs
amazing
examples
of
concern,
bravery
and
care
between
sometimes
dissimilar
and
even
unfriendly
species;
this
makes
me
wonder
that
animals
are
not
quite 21 from
the
human
race
when
faced
with
certain 22 .
Once,
I
watch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
a
program
where
a
lioness
took 23 of
an
orphaned(无父母的)
antelope
baby;
the 24 leads
this
lioness
far
away
from
her
group, 25 that
other
lions
would
kill
her
unusual
baby
easily.
After
a
few
days,
both
were 26 ;
the
lioness
was
unable
to
make
a
kill 27 herself,
and
she
didn’t
have
any
milk
to 28 to
the
baby.
This
uncommon
behavior
attracted
the 29 of
some
animal
protectors
that
decided
to 30 and
record
in
film
this
unnatural
relationship.
In 31 case,
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )female
hippo(河马)
took
away
a
small
antelope
from
the 32 of
a
crocodile(鳄鱼);
she
stood
beside
the
dying
animal 13 to
save
his
life
by
breathing
into
his
mouth
and
pushing
him 34 ,
forcing
him
to 35 and
run
away
from
the
danger;
she
continued
until
the
wounded
antelope
died.
In
another 36 c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ase,
two
lions
saved
the
life
of
a
small
girl
when
several
men
were
kidnapping
her;
they
were 37 and
run
after
by
the
brave
lions;
although
they
had
the
small
child
at
their
reach
and 38 ,
they
stood
at
her
side
for
hours
until
the
small
girl’s
parents
arrived.
39 these
attitudes
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )may
be
rather
natural,
I
am
sure
animals
can
tell
other
creatures’
suffering
and
pain
and
be
actually
willing
to
do
something
to
try
to
help.
I
can’t
describe
this
behavior
as
a
human 40 ,
but
I
think
this
willingness
to
help
other
suffering
creatures
may
be
natural
not
only
to
humankind,
but
also
to
some
animals
if
a
certain
situation
or
emergency
presents
itself.
21.A.free
B.
different
C.
strange
D.
distant
22.A.situations
B.
people
C.
animals
D.
problems
23.A.hold
B.
control
C.
loss
D.
care
24.A.joy
B.
decision
C.
nature
D.
habit
25.A.responding
B.
knowing
C.
selecting
D.
calculating
26.A.useless
B.
wild
C.
hungry
D.
stubborn
27.A.of
B.
with
C.
for
D.by
28.A.offer
B.
organize
C.
arise
D.
burst
29.A.protection
B.
attention
C.
competition
D.
application
30.A.advertise
B.
design
C.
follow
D.
rescue
31.A.any
B.
another
C.
the
other
D.
other
32.A.mouth
B.
pace
C.
view
D.
zone
33.A.hoping
B.
solving
C.
trying
D.
doubting
34.A.entirely
B.
foolishly
C.
peacefully
D.
carefully
35.A.stand
up
B.
blow
up
C.
set
up
D.
turn
up
36.A.unusual
B.
official
C.
equal
D.
fierce
37.A.recognized
B.
attacked
C.
suffered
D.
competed
38.A.goal
B.
mercy
C.
relief
D.
responsibility
39.A.Because
B.
Unless
C.
Before
D.
Although
40.A.hobby
B.
guidance
C.
quality
D.
happiness
第二节
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During
the
Tang
Dy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nasty
(618—907),
there
was
a
minister
named
Li
Yifu.
He
was
very
good
at
flattering
people,
so
his
official
position
was
raised
higher
and
higher
and
he
1
(eventual)
became
the
prime
minister.
2
,
Li
was
a
violent
and
cruel
man.
When
he
talked
with
people
he
always
wore
a
sweet
smile,
but
he
3
(make)
up
evil
ideas
in
his
mind.
One
day,
Li
le
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arned
that
4
beautiful
woman
was
put
in
prison.
He
sent
for
a
prison
officer
and
ordered
him
to
set
the
woman
free.
The
man
followed
the
order
and
Li
took
the
woman
home.
Later,
someone
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ported
the
case
to
the
emperor.
The
prison
officer
was
very
afraid
because
he
5
(know)
he
had
committed
a
crime
by
6
(set)
the
criminal
free.
He
went
to
Li
for
help,
but
Li
ignored
him
and
asked
the
man
not
to
disturb
him
any
more.
The
man
was
so
disappointed
that
he
hanged
7
(he).
Hearing
the
tragi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c
suicide
of
the
prison
officer,
another
officer
wanted
to
reveal
the
8
(true)
to
the
emperor.
Li,
however,
knew
of
this
plan
and
began
to
make
false
accusations
against
the
officer.
The
foolish
emperor
believed
Li’s
words
and
exiled(流放)
the
officer
9
a
distant
land.
The
idiom
＂hide
a
da
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gger
in
a
smile＂
is
used
10
(describe)
a
person
with
a
murderous
intention
behind
his/her
smile.
第四部分
写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节
短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My
bicycle
is
old,
bu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
it
isn’t
useless.
Many
of
my
friend
tell
me
that
I
should
buy
a
new
bicycle,
but
my
old
one
still
works
good.
I
can
ride
it
to
the
stores,
to
the
park,
to
school.
It
is
such
old
that
no
one
will
steal
it.
Someone
might
steal
the
new
bicycle,
but
not
an
old
one.
Last
week
my
mother’s
motorcycle
what
she
rode
had
a
problem,
so
she
borrow
my
bicycle
to
visit
her
friend.
Sometimes
a
bicycle
is
most
useful
than
a
motorcycle!
We
should
not
throw
things
away
just
because
of
they
are
old.
We
should
use
things
till
they
become
useful.
第二节
书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是王莉，很喜欢绘画，并在网
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上注册加入了一个国际绘画爱好者论坛。
该论坛的版主Clark
想要办一个中学生美术展，请你根据以下提示给Clark
写一封电子邮件，向他提出一些意见和建议。
1.
选择中学生喜欢的主题；
2.
征集一些中学生自己创作的作品；
3.
选一些名人的代表作品，配上作品解读；
4.
介绍著名画家的励志故事。
注意：
1.
词数在100左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2.
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear
Clark,
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
sincerely
Wang
Li
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
第二部分
阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇解读】本文属于夹叙夹议文，首先叙述了一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个叫Svetlana
Cojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B
【文章大意】这是一篇英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，介绍了这所学校的教育目标、课程设置、教学理念等信息。
4.A
【解析】推理判断题。文章以第一人称来叙述，实际上是英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，所以可推测这是学校的一位领导。故选A。
5.B
【解析】细节理解题
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据文章中＂The
arrangement
of
the
English
National
Curriculum
to
meet
the
needs
of
international
and
local
students
and
offering
an
insight
into
the
local
culture.
Although
our
curriculum
is
based
upon
the
National
Curriculum
for
England,
it
is
adapted
as
appropriate,
to
ensure
suitability
for
our
diverse
student
body.＂可知，学校课程设置和改变目的都在于适应学生的发展。故选B。
6.B
【解析】细节理
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解题。根据文章中＂A
broad
personal
development
of
students
that
encourages
independence,
confidence,
tolerance,
good
manners
and
respect.
The
qualities
of
honesty,
kindness
and
good
manners
are
always
encouraged.＂可知，A、C、D三项内容都在文章中提到了。故选B。
7.C
【解析】推理判断题
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。这是一篇英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，介绍了这所学校的教育目标、课程设置、教学理念等信息；再根据＂Dear
Parents:＂可知，其目的在于希望更多的家长把自己的孩子送来学习。故选C。
C
【语篇解读】本文主要讲了中国女排在2
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )016年里约奥运会上再次获得冠军，中国女排不气不馁的精神和郎平教练的艰辛的付出感动了许多中国人，这也表明了中国女排精神，中国运动员的精神：坚持不懈，勇气和团结。
8.A
【解析】段落大意题。文中第一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段主要讲了在里约奥运会上中国女排对战塞尔维亚受到很多中国人的关注，乃至观看比赛的人已超过春晚观众。故选A。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
10.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三段的第一句的Lang
Ping可知，这一段主要讲的是郎平的出现，带领中国女排再创辉煌，而且她把不气馁的精神传递给女排姑娘们，所以she指的是Lang
Ping。故选D。
11.D
【解析】推理
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )判断题。根据文中最后一段the
women’s
volleyball
remain
the
most
special
one,
whose
victories
fueled
Chinese
confidence
in
the
1980s
and
still
represent
the
best
things
that
sports
can
offer
to
the
Chinese:
perseverance,
courage
and
unity可知，中国女排的特别之处在于女排精神和她们团队的成功。故选D。
D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者就进行科研工作的两种方式大团队和小团队进行了分析，列举了它们各自的优缺点，并给出了自己的建议。
12.C
【解析】考查推理判断。根
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第五段中的＂As
telescopes
become
larger
and
more
complex,
they
require
larger
groups
of
engineers
and
scientists
to
build
them,
run
them
and
interpret
their
results.＂可知，由于现在的天文望远镜更大更复杂，所以需要很多的工程师和科学家。
13.A
【解析】考查细节理解。由第三段的第一句可知，小组或个人的工作更能让未来的老板赏识其成就。
14.B
【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段的第一句话和后文可知，大团队合作的好处在于参与者能参加比较大型的科研项目。
15.D
【解析】考查主旨大意。本文就进行科研的两种工作方式大团队和小团队的优缺点展开说明，因此最好的标题应该是D。
第二节
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文。文章主要介绍了如何成为一个快乐的人。给出了五条有效建议：感恩、专心自己做的事、做解决问题的人、学会原谅和回报。
1.G
【解析】根据段落标
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题和空格下文
＂They
can
be
simple
things
like
the
purple
flower
on
the
side
walk,
the
beautiful
sunset,
and
the
hot
shower
you
take
every
day＂
可知，要学会感恩，他们可能是路边的野花，美丽的日落和每天的热水澡，由G项中
＂the
little
details＂
与
＂simple
things＂与此处的对应关系可知，G项符合语境。故选G。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
4.C
【解析】根据空前的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＂When
you
forgive,
you’re
actually
practicing
kindness
to
yourself.＂和空后的＂Everyone
makes
mistakes＂
可知，每一个人都会犯错误，但最重要的是学会原谅自己。故C项＂最重要的是，学会原谅自己＂符合语境。故选C。
5.F
【解析】根据空格上文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＂According
to
Harvard,
when
people
do
good,
their
brains
become
active
in
the
very
same
reward
center
that
is
stimulated
when
they
experience
other
rewards＂
并结合小标题
＂Give
back＂可知，当人们做好事时，他们的大脑会变得活跃，就好像当他们经历其他奖励时大脑所受的刺激一样，因此推断空格处选F项＂因此关心别人的人是更快乐的，是不足为奇的＂符合语境。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用
完形填空
【语篇解读】舐犊之情，济危扶弱，勇敢和关爱，这些品质不只人类社会才有，自然界动物之间也是如此。
21.B
通读全文并结合下文三个实例可看出，面对某些情境，动物和人类并没有什么不同。
22.A
situation＂情
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )况，形势＂。文章最后一句中的＂if
a
certain
situation
or
emergency
presents
itself＂是呼应。
23.D
take
care
of
＂照顾＂。此处表示一只母狮子照顾一只羚羊孤崽。
24.C
出于本性，这只母狮子远离了自己的族群，因为她知道其他狮子会轻易地杀死她这只不寻常的幼崽。nature＂本性＂。
25.B
参见上题解析。
26.C
根据下文的＂the
lion
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess
was
unable
to
make
a
kill＂和＂she
didn’t
have
any
milk＂可推知，此处表示他
们都饿了。
27.D
这只母狮子不能单独去捕食。by
oneself
＂单独＂。
28.A
这只母狮子没有奶水供给这只羚羊幼崽。offer＂提供＂。
29.B
这种非同寻常的行为引起了一些动物保护者们的注意。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
35.A
河马想让这只小羚羊站起来并逃离危险。
36.A
unusual＂不寻常的＂。两只狮子从几个男人的手中救下了一个被绑架的小姑娘，这是一个不寻常的
例子。
37.B
attack＂攻击＂。这几个人遭到这两只勇敢的狮子的攻击和追赶(而不得不放弃被他们绑架的这个小姑娘)。
38.B
虽然这个小姑娘就在这两只狮子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的身边任由他们摆布，但他们只是站在她身边几个小时直到她的父母来。at
the
mercy
of
＂任由……摆布＂。
39.D
虽然以上例子中的动物行为可能是动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物的本能，但是＂我＂还是确信动物们能够判断出其他动物的苦难和疼痛，并实实在在愿意做些事情来帮助他们。
40.C
＂我＂不能把这些
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行为说成是人类的品质，但是＂我＂相信这种帮助其他受苦生命的意愿不仅对人类来说是自然的，如果某个情境或紧急情况出现时，对于一些动物也是很自然的。
第二节
【语篇解读】讲述了成语故事＂笑里藏刀＂的来历。
1.eventually
考查副词的用法。修饰动词用副词形式。所以他的官做得越来越大，一直做到了丞相。
2.However
考查逻辑关系。上下文为转折关系。官至宰相，但是他是一个很残暴的人。
3.was
making
考查动词时态。由前半句中always判断表示过去经常的动作。此处表示与带着微笑的动作同时发生，故用过去进行时。
4.a
考查冠词的用法。此处为第一次提到，故用不定冠词。一次，他听说有个年轻漂亮的女子犯了罪，被关进牢里。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第四部分
写作
第一节
短文改错
My
bicycle
is
old,
but
it
isn’t
useless.
Many
of
my
QUOTE
http://www.21cnjy.com/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
tell
me
that
I
should
buy
a
new
bicycle,
but
my
old
one
still
works
QUOTE
.
I
can
ride
it
to
the
stores,
to
the
park,
QUOTE
http://www.21cnjy.com/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
school.
It
is
QUOTE
old
that
no
one
will
steal
it.
Someone
might
steal
QUOTE
http://www.21cnjy.com/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
new
bicycle,
but
not
an
old
one.
Last
week
my
mother’s
motorcycle
she
rode
had
a
problem,
so
she
QUOTE
http://www.21cnjy.com/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
my
bicycle
to
visit
her
friend.
Sometimes
a
bicycle
is
useful
than
a
motorcycle!
We
should
not
throw
things
away
just
because
they
are
old.
We
should
use
things
till
they
become
QUOTE
http://www.21cnjy.com/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
.
第一处：friend改为friends。many
of意为＂……之中的许多＂，of后接复数名词。此处是指我朋友之中的许多人。
第二处：good改为well。＂运转良好＂应表达为work
well。
第三处：to
school前添加and。使用三个并列单词或短语时，最后一个前应加并列连词and。
第四处：such改为so。old为形容词，表达＂如此……以至于……＂时，应使用＂so…that…＂结构。
第五处：the改为a。句意：有人可能会偷一辆新自行车。＂一辆新自行车＂，此处表示泛指，应使用不定冠词a。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二节
书面表达
【参考范文】
Dear
Clark,
I
heard
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
you
would
like
to
hold
an
art
exhibition
for
middle
school
students.
I’m
glad
to
hear
this
and
here
are
some
suggestions,
which
I
think
may
be
of
some
help.
Firstly,
why
not
choo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se
a
theme
attracting
children’s
attention
since
it
is
mainly
aimed
at
middle
school
students
It
is
also
a
good
choice
to
exhibit
some
paintings
drawn
by
them.
If
they
can
see
their
own
or
their
peers’
works
on
show,
they
might
be
more
interested
in
it.
What’s
more,
it
would
be
better
to
display
some
paintings
of
famous
artists
so
as
to
guide
children
to
appreciate
the
beauty
of
these
paintings.
Meanwhile,
you
can
pick
out
some
inspiring
stories
of
these
well-known
artists
to
encourage
children
to
continue
working
hard.
That’s
what
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
want
to
say.
And
I
hope
your
exhibition
will
be
a
complete
success.
Yours
sincerely
Wang
LiUnit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
stars
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.★violent
adj.
猛烈的，激烈的；凶暴的。常见用法：
a
violent
wind
暴风
a
violent
language
激烈的语言
a
violent
attack
猛烈的攻击
violent
behavior
暴力行为
The
violent
winds
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )torms
are
frequently
accompanied
by
rain,
snow,
or
hail.
强烈的风暴经常伴随着雨、雪或冰雹。
There
is
a
great
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncern
about
the
violent
behavior
among
adolescents.
人们非常关注青少年的暴力行为。
【拓展延伸】
violence
n.
暴力；暴行violently
adv.
猛烈地；剧烈地
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
用violent的适当形式填空
1.
They
consider
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
almost
a
crime
to
expose
children
to
_____________
on
TV.
2.
This
drug
can
make
some
people
_____________
ill.
3.
We
should
stop
______________
behavior.
【答案】
1.
violence
2.
violently
3.
violent
2.★in
time
及时；终于。常见用法：
in
time
for
sth/to
do
sth
做某事及时/来得及做某事
They
were
just
in
time
for
the
bus.
他们及时赶上了公交车。
She
arrived
just
in
time
to
take
the
exam.
她到的正是时候，刚好赶上参加考试。
【拓展延伸】
on
time准时，按时in
no
time立即，马上at
no
time绝不(放在句首时，句子须倒装)at
a
time一次；每次at
one
time曾经，一度at
times有时for
the
time
being暂时take
one’s
time别着急；慢慢来against
time争分夺秒地，尽快地 The
boss
ordered
that
the
work
should
be
done
on
time.
老板吩咐工作必须按时完成。 At
no
time
in
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
life
has
she
been
braver
than
in
that
case.
她一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。 You
can
take
your
time
to
pay
the
debt
you
owe
me.
你欠我的债可以慢慢还。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
用time的相关短语填空
1.
____________________
did
I
feel
they
were
being
unreasonable.
2.
I
want
to
be
home
____________________
for
tea.
3.
You’d
bette
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
do
one
thing
____________________,
so
that
you
can
concentrate
on
it.
4.
____________________,
that
kind
of
thing
would
have
made
me
really
angry.
【答案】
1.
At
no
time
2.
in
time
3.
at
a
time
4.
At
one
time
3.★harmful
adj.
有害的。常见用法：
be
harmful
to
sb/sth
对……有害
Why
it
is
harmful
to
health
to
eat
too
much
为什么吃太多对健康有害
Smoking
is
harmful
to
your
health.
抽烟对你的健康有害。
【拓展延伸】
1.
harm
vt.
损害，伤害
n.
损害harm
sb/sth
伤害某人/某事物do
sb
harm/do
harm
to
sb
对某人有害do
more
harm
than
good
弊大于利There
is
(no)
harm
in
(sb’s)
doing
sth
(某人)做某事有(无)害处。It
does
(no)
harm
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
(对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean
no
harm
没有恶意2.
harmfully
adv.
有害地3.
harmless
adj.
无害的be
harmless
to对……无害 Do
you
think
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
drinking
will
do
harm
to
your
health
你认为喝酒会对你的健康有害吗 He
means
no
harm
by
saying
what
he
thinks.
他说出自己的想法，并无什么恶意。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
单句语法填空
1.
Such
laws
could
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
protect
the
consumer
from
______________(harm)
or
dangerous
remedies.
2.
Although
this
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )radiation
may
______________
(harm)
our
bodies,
it
can
severely
inhibit
our
ability
to
receive
and
transmit
information.
3.
Don’t
believe
him.
No
harm
_______________
(do)
to
him
ever
since.
4.
As
second-hand
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )smoking
is
more
______________(harm)
and
dangerous,
people
want
a
total
ban
against
smoking
in
public.
5.
They
don’t
usu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally
employ
untrained
workers,
but
there’s
no
harm
_____________(try)
your
fortune.
【答案】
1.
harmful
2.
be
harmless
to
3.
has
been
done
4.
harmful
5.
in
trying
4.★lay
v.
放置；搁；下蛋；产卵。常用短语：
lay
eggs
下蛋
lay
sth
aside
把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)
lay
sth
down
把某物放下
lay
the
blame
on
sb
责备某人
lay
the
table
摆桌子
lay
emphasis
/
stress
on
sth
把重点放在某事/某物上
They
produced
young
generally
by
laying
eggs.
它们一般通过孵蛋来繁衍后代。
【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay
动词原形
意义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺；卧；位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置；产卵
laid
laid
laying
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
完成句子
1.
The
bird
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often
______________
its
eggs
in
other
birds’
nests.
这种鸟常把蛋产在其他鸟的巢里。
2.
He
would
______________
some
money
aside
for
rainy
days.
他把一些钱放起来以备用。
3.
The
naught
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
boy
______________
(lie)
to
me
that
the
hen
that
______________
(lie)
there
just
now
had
______________
(lay)
two
eggs
the
day
before.
那个淘气的男孩对我谎称刚才卧在那儿的那只母鸡昨天下了两个蛋。
4.
He
______________
his
hand
on
my
shoulder
just
now.
他刚才把手放在我的肩上。
5.
Who
should
we
______________
the
blame
on
我们该责备谁
6.
He
is
always_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____________
stress
on
the
importance
of
being
on
time.
他一直强调准时的重要性。
【答案】
1.
lays
2.
lay
3.
lied;
lay;
laid
4.
Laid
5.
lay
6.
laying
5.★exist
vi.
存在；生存。常见用法：
exist
on
(=live
on)
靠……为生
exist
as作为……而存在；以……形态存在
exist
in(=lie
in)
存在于……之中
There
exist(s)...
有/存在……
The
hostages
exi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sted
on
bread
and
water
for
over
5
months.
人质靠面包和水生存了5个多月。
They
do
not
usually
exist
as
physical
files.
它们通常不是作为物理文件存在。
We
exist
in
space.
我们存在于空间中。
There
exist
different
opinions
on
this
question.
关于这个问题有不同的观点。
【特别提醒】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
【拓展延伸】
1.
existence
n.
存在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
existence现存的，现有的come
into
existence产生；成立；开始存在bring
into
existence使发生；使产生2.
existing
adj.
目前的，现存的 Nowadays,
there
are
still
many
people
wondering
when
the
earth
came
into
existence.
现在仍有很多人想知道地球是何时产生的。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
The
worker
ear
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned
little
money
a
month,
so
he
had
to
____________
only
fast
noodles.
A.
exist
on
B.
exist
in
C.
lie
in
D.
lie
on
2.
完成句子
①____________
____________
a
generation
gap
between
the
young
and
the
old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
②You
can’t
imagi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne
what
difficulty
they
have
existing
____________
the
money
he’s
earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么困难。
③Scientists
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
many
theories
about
how
the
universe
first
came
into____________
(exist).
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
④There
exists
a
good
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
way
to
solve
the
____________
(exist)
problem
in
geography.
有解决地理方面现存问题的好方法。
⑤This
is
the
oldest
Hebrew
manuscript
in
____________
(exist).
这就是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。
【答案】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.
①There
exists
②on
③existence
④existing
⑤existence
6.★in
one’s
turn
轮到某人；接着
Thus
they
have,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
their
turn,
become
the
most
important
animals
on
the
planet.
于是，它们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
【拓展延伸】
in
turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by
turns轮流；交替take
one’s
turn轮到某人做……了take
turns依次；轮班，轮流on
the
turn正在转变，正在变化
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
The
waste
can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
be
recycled
into
new
products,
which
____________
will
save
natural
resources.
A.
in
turn
B.
in
return
C.
in
order
D.
in
time
2.
完成句子
①The
girls
called
out
their
names
____________
____________.
那些女孩逐一报出了自己的名字。
②We
make
eve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry
effort
to
make
more
films,
and
____________
____________
this
creates
further
environmental
pollution.
我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。
③We
____________
____________
to
keep
watch.
我们轮流守望。
【答案】
1.
A
【解析】短语辨析。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )A.
轮流，依次，反过来；B.
作为报答；C.
整齐；D.
及时。句意：废品可以回收利用制成新产品，这样反过来可以节约自然资源。故选A。
2.
①in
turn
②in
turn
③took
turns
7.★prevent…from
阻止，制止。常见用法：
prevent
sb/sth
from
doing
sth
＂防止某人/物做某事＂。
※其中的from可省略。但如果在被动语态中，from不可省略。
Nothing
can
prevent
him
from
working.
什么事也阻止不了他工作。
What
can
we
do
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
prevent
this
accident
(from)
happening
我们能做些什么阻止事故的发生呢？
【拓展延伸】
keep
sb
from
doin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
sth
阻止某人做某事stop
sb
(from)
doing
sth
阻止某人做某事protect
sb
from
(doing)
sth
保护某人不受……伤害 I
tried
to
keep
him
from
waiting
for
her.
我试图叫他不要再等她了。 What
stopped
him
from
coming
here
是什么阻止他来这里的呢 The
farmers
protect
wheat
from
heavy
rain
with
rain
clothes.
农民们用雨布遮住小麦，以防被大雨浇坏。
【特别提醒】
(1)在主动语态中，stop和preve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt的搭配中可省去from；而keep...from
doing
sth中的from不可省略，keep
sb
doing
sth
意为＂使某人一直做某事＂。
(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
单句改错
1.
The
heavy
rain
prevented
us
off
going
on
with
our
work.
2.
A
possible
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
was
finally
prevented
breaking
out
with
their
effort.
【答案】
1.
off改为from或删除off
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【解析】prevent
sb/sth
(from)
doing
sth
＂阻止某人/物做某事＂，为固定搭配，故此处可将off改为from或删除off。
2.
prevented后加from
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【解析】prevent
sb/sth
(from)
doing
sth
＂阻止某人/物做某事＂，为固定搭配，此处用了该结构的被动形式，此时from不能省，故在prevented后加from。
8.★puzzle
vt.
使迷惑；使为难，使窘困；感到迷惑；n.
(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜。常见用法：
puzzle
about/over
冥思苦想；苦苦思索
be
puzzled
by被……迷惑
be
in
a
puzzle
感到困惑；不知如何是好
be
in
a
puzzle
about对……困惑不解
But
his
curio
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sity
was
difficult
to
control
and
this
new
computer
really
puzzled
him.
但是他的好奇心难以控制，这台新电脑也确实使他费解。
Her
decision
was
a
puzzle
to
him.
她的决定对他来说是个谜。
【拓展延伸】
puzzled
adj.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)be
puzzled
about
对……迷惑puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物) I
saw
him
puzzling
over/about
a
puzzling
math
problem.，我看见他正在苦苦思考一道令人费解的数学题。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
用puzzle的相关词语完成下列小片段
Her
_____________loo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k
showed
that
she
was
____________
what
he
said.
Yes,
it
was
really
a
_____________
because
it
was
______________
that
he
would
rather
throw
away
the
food
than
give
it
to
those
in
need.
What
he
said
as
well
as
what
he
did
____________
all
the
people
present.
2.
单句改错
①The
puzzling
look
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on
her
face
suggested
that
she
didn’t
understand
what
I
said.
②I’m
in
puzzle
as
to
what
to
do
next.
【答案】1.
puzzled;
puzzled
about;
puzzle;
puzzling;
puzzled
2.
①puzzling改为puzzled
②在in后加a
9.★pull
n.
&
vt.
拉力；牵引力。常见用法：
pull
away
(汽车等)开走
pull
down拆毁；摧毁
pull
in
(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull
out驶出；拉出，拔出
pull
up把……拔出来；(使)停下
pull
ahead
(of
sb/sth)
领先(于某人/物)
pull
back
(使)退却；撤回
pull
off
(sth)
(指机动车辆)驶离(道路)(至路侧停车处停下)
pull
on
穿，戴上(袜子、手套等)
pull
together
同心协力；通力合作
pull
through
恢复健康，渡过
When
they
pulled
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
carpet
up
in
my
old
bedroom,
they
found
the
ring.
当他们拉开我旧卧室的地毯时，发现了这个戒指。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
短语填空
pull
up
pull
on
pull
down
pull
in
pull
through
1.
The
train
from
London
will
________________at
noon.
2.
The
cinema
she
used
to
visit
had
________________.
3.
The
driver
________________at
the
traffic
lights
five
minutes
ago.
4.
He
is
stil
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
quite
sick,
but
the
doctor
is
sure
that
he
will
________________.
5.
I
________________my
running
shoes
and
stepped
into
the
street.
【答案】
1.
pull
in
2.
been
pulled
down
3.
pulled
up
4.
pull
through
5.
pulled
on
10.★cheer
up
感到高兴；感到振奋。常见用法：
cheer
sb
up使某人振作起来
He
was
sorry
for
her
and
tried
to
cheer
her
up.
他为她感到难过，并试图使她振作起来。
【拓展延伸】
1.
cheer
sb
on
为……打气cheer
for为……欢呼；为……鼓劲加油2.
be
of
cheer兴致勃勃Cheers!
干杯(口语中敬酒辞)3.
cheering
n.
欢呼，喝彩cheerful
adj.
高兴的cheerfully
adv.
高兴地
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
用cheer短语完成句子
1.
给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。
Give
Mary
a
call;
she
needs
___________________________.
2.
当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。
When
I’m
feeli
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
sad,
my
mother
tells
me
funny
stories
to
_________________________.
3.
我们所做的一切都是为了给我们队加油。
What
we
had
done
was
to
_________________________.
【答案】
1.
cheering
up
2.
cheer
me
up
3.
cheer
our
team
on/cheer
for
our
team
11.★break
out
突发；爆发
War
broke
out
one
evening.
一天傍晚战争爆发了。
A
fire
broke
out
in
the
neighborhood
last
night.
昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。
【特别注意】
break
out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。
【拓展延伸】
break
away
from
脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break
down
出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break
in
破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break
into
破门而入，突然……起来break
off
折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break
through
突破break
up
打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break
into
pieces
成为碎片
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
Scientists
hope
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
______________
soon
in
their
fight
against
heart
disease.
A.
break
up
B.
break
out
C.
break
through
D.
break
in
2.
A
big
fir
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
______________
last
night.
Luckily,
no
one
was
killed
or
injured.
A.
broke
out
B.
broke
away
C.
broke
off
D.
broke
through
3.
完成句子
①Should
another
world
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )war
break
______________,
what
would
become
of
human
beings
万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？
②We
had
to
brea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k
______________
the
house
as
we
had
lost
the
key.z
xxk
因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以我们不得不破门而入。
③A
fire
_____________________________
in
the
lab,
a
lot
of
equipment
was
damaged.
=After
a
fire
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________________in
the
lab,
a
lot
of
equipment
was
damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁了。
【答案】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )3.
①out
②into
③having
broken
out;
broke
out
12.
★watch
out
注意；当心
【拓展延伸】
watch
out(for)＝
look
out
(for)密切注意；留神take
care
留神，注意be
careful
仔细，留神watch
it
当心，小心watch
over
照看；看守keep
a
close
watch/eye
on
密切注视look
out
for
sth
当心
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
___________
the
dog
or
you
may
be
bitten.
A.
Watch
out
B.
Look
out
C.
Watch
out
for
D.
Look
out
of
【答案】C
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
★be
to
do
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It
exploded
loudly
with
fire
and
rock.
They
were
in
time
to
produce
carbon,
nitrogen,
water
vapour
and
other
gases,
which
were
to
make
the
earth’s
atmosphere.
它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(教材P16)
【句式分析】
本句中which引导非限制
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )性定语从句，which在从句中作主语；were
to
make
the
earth’s
atmosphere是be
to
do
sth结构。
be
to
do
sth
有多层含义，多表示将来。具体说来，有以下含义：
1.
表示按计划或安排要做的事。
When
are
you
to
leave
for
home
你什么时候回家
She
is
to
be
married
next
month.
她将于下个月结婚。
The
Queen
is
to
visit
Japan
in
a
week’s
time.
女王将于一周后访问日本。
这种结构也可用于过去。was
/
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere
to
do
sth表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示＂命运(即命中注定要发生的事)＂，而非计划；was
/
were
to
have
done
sth
表示未曾实现的计划。
I
felt
nervou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
because
I
was
soon
to
leave
home
for
the
first
time.
我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
They
said
goodbye,
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot
knowing
that
they
were
never
to
meet
again.
他们互相告别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。
We
were
to
have
told
you,
but
you
were
not
in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
2.
表示＂应该＂，相当于should,
ought
to。
What
is
to
be
done
应该怎么办呢？
3.
表示＂必须＂，相当于must,
have
to。
You
are
to
do
your
homework
before
you
watch
TV.
看电视之前你得先做完作业。
4.
表示＂想，打算＂，相当于intend，want。
If
we
are
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
there
before
ten,
we’ll
have
to
go
now.
如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
5.
用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。
What
are
we
to
do
next
我们下一步该怎么办
6.
用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，相当于mustn’t。
The
books
in
this
room
are
not
to
be
taken
outside.
这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
7.
表示＂可以，可能＂，相当于may,
can。
The
news
is
to
be
found
in
the
evening
paper.
这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
【易混辨析】will
do/be
going
to
do
/be
doing
/be
to
do/
be
about
to
do
will
do
单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。
be
going
to
do
首先可表示＂将要做某事＂，一般表示经过事先考虑，安排将要做某事。其次可以表示＂有迹象表明要做某事＂。
be
doing
进行时态表将来，动词一般是表趋向性的动词，如go,
come,
arrive,
return等。
be
to
do
表＂计划、安排要做某事＂，还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。
be
about
to
do
表示＂正要做某事＂，所在的句子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不会再出现时间状语，一般常考查这个结构和when
suddenly结构连用，表示＂正要做某事突然发生另外一件事＂。
I’ll
post
that
letter
whatever
Wilson
says.
不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。
It
is
going
to
rain.
有迹象表明要下雨。
I
was
about
to
le
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave
when
(suddenly)
the
telephone
rang.
我正要离开，这时电话响了。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
Ladies
and
gen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tlemen,
please
fasten
your
seat
belts.
The
plane___________.
A.
takes
off
B.
is
taking
off
C.
has
taken
off
D.
took
off
2.
—Did
you
tell
Julia
about
the
result
—Oh,
no,
I
forgot.
I
___________
her
now.
A.
will
be
calling
B.
will
call
C.
call
D.
am
to
call
【答案】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.
★倍数表达法
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。(教材P31)
【句式分析】
I
was
carried
twice
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
far
as
on
the
earth为＂...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
...＂结构。
＂...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
...＂是倍数表达法之一，意为＂……是……的多少倍＂。倍数的常见表达方式：
1.
＂A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B＂，表示＂A比B……倍＂
The
new
building
is
four
times
higher
than
the
old
one.
新楼比旧楼高4倍。
2.
＂A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B＂，表示＂A是B的……倍……＂
Asia
is
four
times
as
large
as
Europe.
亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。
3.
＂A+谓语+倍数+the
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ize/height/length/width/depth...+of+B＂，表示＂A的……是B的……倍＂
The
earth
is
49
times
the
size
of
the
moon.
地球是月亮的49倍大。
4.
A+谓语+倍数+what从句
The
production
now
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
three
times
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
5.
A+谓语+倍数+that
of...
Now
the
grain
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utput
in
our
county
is
twice
that
of
20
years
ago.
现在我们县的粮食产量是20年前的两倍。
【特别提醒】
＂两倍＂用twice或double，不足一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用...times来表示。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
同义句改写
The
red
ruler
is
three
times
as
long
as
the
yellow
one.
①________________________________________________________________(用＂倍数＋比较级＂改写)
②________________________________________________________________(用＂倍数＋the＋n.＋of...＂改写)
2.
完成句子
①They
have
three
times
as
many
cows
____________
we
have.
他们拥有三倍于我们的奶牛。
②My
house
is
twice
the
size
____________
my
parents’.
我的房子的面积是我父母的两倍。
③The
room
is
____________________
that
one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
【答案】
1.
①The
red
ruler
is
twice
longer
than
the
yellow
one.
②The
red
ruler
is
three
times
the
length
of
the
yellow
one.
2.
①as
②of
③three
times
the
size
of/three
times
as
large
as/twice
larger
than
3.
★now
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
＂Oh
dear，＂
I
cried，＂walking
does
need
a
bit
of
practice
now
that
gravity
has
changed.＂＂天啊，＂我大声地说，＂既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。＂(教材P31)
【句式分析】
now
that引导原因状语从句。既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。
其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：1.
bec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ause因为。语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问。2.
since因为；既然。可与now
that互换。3.
as因为。语气较弱。4.
for因为。并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明。5.
now
(that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that。6.
表原因的介词短语：due
to，because
of，on
account
of，owing
to，thanks
to，as
a
result
of等。
Now
that
the
child
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren
have
known
the
result,
we
can
tell
everyone
else.
既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他所有人了。
Since
we’ve
no
money
we
can’t
buy
a
new
car.
因为我们没钱，没法买新汽车。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1.
单句语法填空
①___________
you’re
here,
why
not
have
a
drink
②___________
it
is
late,
I
shall
go
home
now.
③The
school
was
moved
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
out
of
downtown
___________
the
number
of
students
had
grown
too
large.
④It
must
have
rained
last
night,
___________
the
ground
is
wet.
2.
单句改错
He
was
angry
because
what
he
said.
【答案】
1.
①Since
②Since
③as
④for
2.
because后加of
3.
★过去分词作状语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
We
watched,
amazed
as
fire
broke
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship
as
the
earth’s
gravity
increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。(教材P31)
【句式分析】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
fire
broke
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).
形容词的主要功能是用作定语和表语，但有时也可
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用作状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示方式、原因、结果或伴随等，说明谓语动作的方式，它在句子中有时像非限制性定语从句一样，表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
(1)作伴随或方式状语时，其位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，有时也可位于句中。
He
lay
in
bed,
awake.
他躺在床上，没有睡着。(表伴随)
He
arrived
home,
hungry
and
tired.
他回到家里，又饿又累。(表伴随)
(2)作原因状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句子中间。
Afraid
of
being
sc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olded,
for
a
moment,
little
Franz
thought
of
playing
truant.(=As
he
was
afraid
of
being
scolded,
for
a
moment,
little
Franz
thought
of
playing
truant.)由于害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。
Tom,
very
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll,
sent
for
a
doctor.(=As
Tom
was
very
ill,
he
sent
for
a
doctor.)
因为汤姆病得很厉害，他派人请医生去了。
(3)作时间或条件状语时，通常位于句首，也可位于句末。
Ripe,
these
apples
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
are
sweet.(=When/If
these
apples
are
ripe,
they
are
sweet.)
熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。
Enthusiastic,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
they
are
quite
cooperative.(=When/If
they
are
enthusiastic,
they
are
cooperative.
)
热心的时候他们是很合作的。
(4)作让步状语时，常由一个形容词或连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。
Right
or
wr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong,
he
always
comes
off
worst
in
an
argument
because
of
his
inability
to
speak
coherently.
(=Whether
he
is
right
or
wrong,
he
always
comes
off
worst
because
of
his
inability
to
speak
coherently.)
无论有理还是无理，由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。
Wet
or
fine
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
he
got
up
at
six
and
took
a
walk
in
the
park.(=Whether
it
was
wet
or
fine,
he
got
up
at
six
and
took
a
walk
in
the
park.)
不管天晴还是下雨他，总是六点起床在公园里散散步。
(5)作结果状语时，在句中的位置比较灵活。
For
a
moment
she
just
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
stood
there,
unable
to
believe
what
had
just
happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
One
woman
was
lyin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
in
bed,
awake,
listening
to
the
rushing
winds.
有一位女人醒着躺在床上，静听着那疾驰而过的大风。
They
stayed
in
the
sn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow
for
several
days,
cold
and
hungry.
他们在雪地里待了几天，又冷又饿。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
After
the
lon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
journey,
the
three
of
them
went
back
home,
____________.
A.
hungry
and
tiredly
B.
hungry
and
tired
C.
hungrily
and
tiredly
D.
hungrily
and
tired
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
主语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
一、主语从句的概念与连接词
作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：
1.
从属连词that，whether。
That
they
we
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
true
sisters
was
clear
from
the
facial
resemblance
between
them.
很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
Whether
he’ll
come
here
isn’t
clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
2.
连接代词who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which,
whoever,
whatever,
whichever。
What
she
did
is
not
yet
known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
Whoever
comes
is
welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
3.
连接副词
where,
when,
how,
why。
How
this
happened
is
not
clear
to
anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
How
and
why
he
sudden
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
disappeared
remains
a
mystery.
他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。
【特别注意】
连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。
连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代替主语从句，也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。
主语从句通常都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免＂头重脚轻＂，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型：
(1)It
is
+
n.
/
adj.
+从句
It
is
a
pity/shame
that...
遗憾的是……
It
is
possible
that...
很可能……
It
is
unlikely
that...
不可能……
It
is
a
pity
that
she
has
made
such
a
mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
(2)It
+不及物动词+从句
It
seems/appears
that...
似乎……
It
happened
that...
碰巧……
It
seems
that
they
have
won
the
game.
似乎他们赢得了比赛。
(3)It
+
be
+过去分词+从句
It
is
said
that...
据说……
It
is
known
to
all
that...
众所周知……zxx
k
It
is
reported
that...
据报道……
It
is
believed
that...
据信……；人们相信……
It
is
suggested
that...
有人建议……
It
must
be
pointed
out
that...
必须指出……
It
has
been
proved
that...
已证明……
It
is
believed
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
least
20
buildings
were
damaged
or
destroyed.
据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
It
is
suggested
that
the
meeting
should
be
put
off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It’s
reported
that
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hree
people
were
killed
in
the
accident
and
five
were
hurt
badly.
据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。
It
is
known
to
all
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
Taiwan
is
an
inseparable
part
of
China.
众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
二、主语从句三要素
1.
从句用陈述语序
How
he
became
a
g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat
scientist
is
known
to
us
all.
众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。
2.
谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时，主句谓语一般用单数。
Whatever
he
says
is
of
no
importance.
无论他说什么都不重要。
Whoever
says
that
is
wrong.
无论谁说这话都不对。
【特别提醒】
但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。
What
I
need
is
money.
我需要的是钱。
What
I
need
are
books.
我需要的是书。
3.
通常不能省略关联词
That
he
is
the
best
student
in
the
class
is
obvious.
很明显，他是班里最好的学生。
三、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题
1.
引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all
that/everything
that...，常译成＂所……的(东西、事情、话等)＂；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
What
is
done
can’t
be
undone.
已成定局，无可挽回。
What
we
can’t
get
seems
better
than
what
we
have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。
That
we
shou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld
work
out
a
plan
to
deal
with
the
present
serious
situation
is
important.
我们应该制订一个计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。
That
a
new
teacher
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
will
come
to
teach
us
geography
is
true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。
2.
引导词if和whether
(1)whether之后可以直接跟or
not，而if
则不能。
I
don’t
care
whether
or
not
your
car
breaks
down.
我不知道你的车是不是坏了。
但是不可以说：
I
don’t
care
if
or
not
your
car
breaks
down.
(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外)；而if则可以跟否定结构。
I
don’t
care
if
she
doesn’t
come.
我不在乎她来不来。
但是，在某些动词或形容词之后，则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子，这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。
I
wonder
whether
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doesn’t
think
too
much
of
himself.=I
think
he
does
think
too
much
of
himself.
我想他没有为自己考虑太多。
(3)在个别动词之后，如discuss
等，只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。
They
discussed
whether
they
should
close
the
shop.
他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。
(4)whether
可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。
I’m
not
interested
in
whether
they’ll
go
or
not.
我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。
(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能。
I
didn’t
know
whether
to
laugh
or
to
cry.
我不知道是要笑还是哭。
(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if。
Whether
it
is
true
remains
a
problem.
这是不是真的还是一个问题。
3.
其他引导词
连接代词who,
which,
whom,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when,
where,
why,
how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。
三、语气
在It
is
necessary
/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )natural
/
important
/
strange...+
that-clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用＂should
+原形＂，表虚拟语气。
It
is
necessary
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that
the
problem
should
be
settled
at
once.
这个问题必须马上解决。
It’s
strange
that
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
should
have
gone
away
without
telling
us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
＂It
be
+
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )j./n.
+
that-clause＂与强调句型均有It
be...that...之类的语言标志，但不同的是：(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It
be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It
be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上＂正是……＂或＂就是……＂之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子：
It
is
surprisi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
that
Mary
should
have
won
first
place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。
It
is
Mary
that
has
won
first
place.
正是玛莉得了第一名。
第一句话中的It是形
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It
is和that无法删除，一旦删除，句子就不成立；第二句是强调句型，其中的It
is和that可以去掉，因为没有It
is和that句子仍然完整。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
观点对比类作文的写法
【技巧点拨】
一般来说，这类文章内在的逻辑关系十分清晰
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。它除了考查考生的英文基础，还考查考生的逻辑能力。具体说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性词和短语来完成，在修辞中称为＂启、承、转、合＂。＂启＂就是开头，＂承＂就是承接，＂转＂是转折，＂合＂是综合或总结。
用于表示＂启＂的过渡性的词和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语通常用在段落或文章的开头。过渡性词和短语如下：first,
first
of
all,
at
first,
in
the
first
place,
firstly,
to
begin
with,
to
start
with,
recently,
now,
at
present,
in
recent
years,
in
general,
generally
speaking,
lately等。
用于表示＂承＂的过渡性的词和短语通
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中。过渡性词和短语如下：second,
in
addition,
besides,
then,
moreover,
what’s
more,
what
is
worse,
for
example,
certainly,
obviously,
in
other
words,
still,
at
the
same
time,
no
doubt等。
用于＂转＂的过渡性的词和短语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中。过渡性的词和短语如下：but,
however,
on
the
other
hand,
on
the
contrary,
otherwise,
while,
despite,
in
spite
of等。
用于＂合＂的过渡性的词和短语通
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中。过渡性词和短语如下：in
a
word,
in
short,
above
all,
after
all,
finally,
therefore,
as
a
result,
on
the
whole,
eventually等。
总之，要做好书面表达，需要大家把握
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以下几个原则：细读提示，抓要点：选择句型，准表达；确定线索，巧组合；适当发挥，保完整；规范书写，争高分；细查全文，除笔误。
【写作摸板】
对于观点对比类作文，文章的整体结
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构有一定的模式可循，可以先写对比的一方面，再写另外一方面；也可以将对比的两个方面的不同点一一比较着来写。
观点对比类作文写作摸板：
The
topic
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
主题
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
recently.
There
are
two
sides
of
opinions
about
it.
Some
people
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say
A
is
their
favourite.
They
hold
their
view
for
the
reason
of
理由一
.
What’s
more,
_____理由二_____.
Moreover,
理由三
.
While
others
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that
B
is
a
better
choice
in
the
following
three
reasons.
First,
理由一
.
Second(Besides),
理由二
.
Third(Finally),
理由三
.
From
my
point
of
vi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew,
I
think
我的观点
.
The
reason
is
that
原因
.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
there
are
some
other
reasons
to
explain
my
choice.
For
me,
the
former(later)
is
surely
a
wise
choice.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
一轮复习时，这8个“雷区”千万不要踩！
新一届的准高三生，你们准备好迎接高三一轮复习的洗礼了吗？今天，小编要和同学们说的这8个雷区，一轮复习时一定不要踩，以免事倍功半。
一、对时间认知误区
一轮复习时间长，但容不得半点浪费！
从九月份新开课一直到“高三一模”，部分学
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生认为这是一个很长的时间段。所以往往容易出现“前松后紧”的状况，即开始第一个月还抓得比较紧，但一个月后就开始松懈，认为来日方长，何必抓得这样紧，所以在时间把握上就比较随意，甚至可能浪费了不少宝贵的时间。
事实上，第一阶段的复习任务确
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实是耗时最长的，其主要任务是为高考各个全面夯实基础，而打基础又往往是要花最多时间的。但随着第一轮复习结束后，后面的时间就非常紧迫了。所以，第一阶段要强化时间意识，而且要有足够的耐性。否则，到了下学期就无法补救了。
二、埋头做题，缺少分析
动手做题，动脑思考，题海不白下！
题海战术是大家最容易落入的“陷阱”!很多同学认为成绩提高不了，是因为题目做得不够多！
但是做题不分析不思考，同
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样的题目错多遍又有什么实际的意义呢，想要学会知识，必须通过老师的“点拨”和学生的“思考”，做题只是为了提高做题的熟练度和综合应用。
所以，盲目做题没有针对性和全面性。一定数量的题目是需要做的，但做题的同时也要思考出题者的意图。
三、脱离老师忽视课堂
高三要更重视老师在课堂说的每一句话！
尖子生很容易犯这个错误，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因为尖子生已经领先于很多人，而老师的课堂讲解多针对于绝多数学生的学习进程，所以尖子生理所应当的认为老师的讲解已经不适合自己了，其实不然！据调查发现，90%以上的高考状元最注重的都是课堂的听讲，而不是为赶进程在课堂上做其他科目的习题。
为什么呢 因为老师的授课有明确的目的和策略，既可能在引导你联系不同的知识，也有可能在反复强调易混易错的知识点。
所以，在课堂45分钟时间内要时刻保持着跟老
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )师的思想交流，同时听课过程中不要好高骛远眼高手低，对于自己在预习过程中已经掌握的知识，也应该仔细地听老师讲一遍，也许老师的理解更到位，或者你自己的理解有出入。
四、熬夜苦读，不注意碎片时间
高三不一定要熬夜，白天多挤一挤总是有的！
熬夜是每个高中生都不可避免的，白天要上课，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )晚上回到家写完作业还要自学到很晚。但有这样一群同学，他们很有效率地完成了作业、预习，然后及时睡下了；但有的学习熬夜到很晚甚至凌晨。
可是你知道吗 熬夜并不可取，不仅影响睡眠，容易疲劳，也会导致第二天上课精力不集中，反而得不到你想要的结果，成绩也可能会下降。
所以，既然一天24小时的时间不能
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )变成25小时，那么就只能把琐碎时间善加利用，比如乘坐地铁、公交车时，无法安静地思考一些问题，这时可以借助手机工具听些英语听力或其它音频资料。
五、负重学习缺少休息
学习娱乐搭配着来，效果更好哦！
很多同学用于学习的时间非常多，甚至牺牲了娱乐和休息的时间，但是因为没有明确的目标和针对性的方法，所以收效甚微。
高三本来就是学习新知识和复习旧知识，如果不分先后顺序和轻重缓急，就会手忙脚乱、丢三落四，复习也难以达到应有的效果。
而且，身体是革命的本钱，如果一味紧绷着学习
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这根弦，势必会为心理和生理增加重负。所以，在学习的同时，也要注重心理上轻松，愉悦的感觉，只有为自己不断加油，才可以充满信心地继续投入到下一阶段的复习中。
六、只看分数不看过程
分数越低，问题越多，提高空间越大！
高考之前的所有测试，不论月考还是期中考都是为高考做准备的!最终目的在于发现问题、解决问题，为高考统考减少问题。
比如发现现阶段复习过程中存在的问题，对阶
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段性复习效果的检测，通过测试，可以及时发现自己的不足和存在问题，存在的问题可能是知识方面的、应试技能方面的、应试规范性方面的、还有是应试心理方面的。
如果一味的沉迷于分数的多少，势必分散精
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )力，浪费时间。所以，测试的目的是为了分析，在之后的复习中，考生可根据对分析，得知自己具体哪些方面做得不足，需要及时调整，备战高考。
七、照搬参考书，忽视课本
课本才是高考的根本，千万别押错了宝！
参考书是对课本知识的补充和加深，而有些同学把参考书当成圣经，大部分学习时间花在参考书上，而用在课本上的时间却很少，本末倒置。
甚至有些同学抱有一定的侥幸心理、幻想从一些标榜其押题准确的图书中寻觅高考试题。
这是不切实际的，因为每年的高考题都是命题老
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )师在封闭的条件下专门为高考创造出来的，无论是书篇还是参加高三辅导的教师，只能从命题思维和命题方向上揣度，不可能在高考前掌握任何一道题的具体内容。
所以，大家要记得：参考书是用来
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )参考的!虽然有些质量高的参考书归纳总结得不错，但同学们只能用它来进行查漏补缺、启迪思路，最终自己思考形成解题思路才能考出好成绩。
八、躁动不安，没有明确计划
脚踏实地的学习思考才能看清楚自己的未来！
在第一轮复习的过程中，心浮气躁是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个非常普遍的现象。很多同学会遇到这种情况：平时复习觉得没有问题，题目也能做，发现考试就是拿不了高分，甚至考试题比平时训练的题目还要简单。
那么，问题出在哪里了呢 因为你太心浮气躁，并
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有踏踏实实地思考问题。所以，高三的复习一定是有计划，对于所有知识点的地毯式轰炸，就要做到不缺不漏。Unit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
stars
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
A
website
that
provi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )des
price
comparisons
for
flights,
hotels
and
car
hire
across
the
globe
has
made
some
bold
predictions
for
what
travel
will
look
like
in
a
decade
from
now.
Perhaps
the
most
mouthwatering
destination
for
2024
holidaymakers
will
be
a
trip
to
the
Moon
or
a
stay
in
space.
The
site
has
just
released
a
report
of
what
holidays
in
the
not-too-distant
future
might
look
like.
The
report
is
titled
＂The
Future
of
Travel
2024＂
and
outlines
a
whole
series
of
previously
unimaginable
vacation
choices
for
the
thrill-seeking
traveller
and
those
who
just
want
to
get
there
more
quickly.
The
report
is
a
result
of
the
collaboration
between
travel
experts
and
international
technology
experts.
一个提供全球机票、酒店和租车服务的比价的网
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )站大胆预测了十年之后旅行会是什么样子。也许2024年的时候，最令游客垂涎的目的地将会是月球或太空。网站刚刚发布了一份报告，预测不久将来的假期会是什么样子。报告题为＂2024年的未来旅行＂，并概述了一系列以前无法想象的假期选择，适合寻求刺激的旅行者和想更快到达那里的人们。这份报告是旅游专家和国际技术专家合作的成果。
Holidays
in
space
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
perhaps
the
most
spectacular
of
Skyscanner’s
predictions.
Its
report
says:
＂Orbital
space
travel
will
be
the
next
hot
ticket,
and
commercial
companies
are
lining
up
to
make
it
a
more
affordable
proposition.＂
Indeed,
Virgin
Galactic
and
SpaceX
are
already
accepting
bookings.
The
cost
of
a
seat
on
the
Virgin
craft
(round
trip,
of
course)
is
$250,000.
Skyscanner
also
predicts
an
explosion
in
the
number
of
underwater
hotel
rooms,
which
it
says
will
become
a
mainstream
travel
option.
Other
things
to
look
forward
to
include
a
supersonic
aircraft
that
will
fly
London-Sydney
in
two
hours
and
the
emergence
of
＂danger-zone＂
tourism.
We
can
also
expect
futuristic
advances
in
shopping
and
dining.
太空假期也许是Skysca
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nner最叹为观止的预测。报告称，轨道太空旅行将成为下一个热门，商业公司正在争相让它成为更加适合人们消费的项目。＂事实上，维珍银河和SpaceX公司已经接受预订。维珍航班的一个席位的成本(当然是往返旅程)是250
000美元。Skyscanner还预测水下酒店客房的数量将会激增，它将成为一项主流旅游选择。其他值得期待的事情包括超音速飞机将在两个小时往返伦敦—悉尼，以及将会出现＂危险区域＂的旅游。我们还可以期待未来购物和用餐的进展。
