Unit 1 A land of diversity Learning about language
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| 名称 | Unit 1 A land of diversity Learning about language |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-06-26 10:45:00 | ||
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课件54张PPT。Unit 1 A land of diversityLearning about languagemajority Complete the following chart with
new words from the text.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionItaly Korean Pakistani Denish appliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustrationsimplifysimplicity2 Complete these sentences, using
new words from the text. 1. A _______ country consists of a group of states.
2. That is the biggest _______ church I have
ever seen. federalcatholic3. The ________ of us voted for Mr Red, who
then became chairman of the committee.
4. The ________ of Education is one of the
government departments.
5. The economic ______ in recent years has
created more job opportunities.
6. _______ shaped like a boot lies in the south
of Europe.majorityMinistry boom Italy 7. We should draw a __________ between
right and wrong.
8. To make the crossing from Shandong to the
Northeast, our ancestors suffered all kinds
of _________.
9. The people from South or North _______
are called Koreans.
10. Nobody knows who will be _________ as
president or vice president of this country. distinction hardship Korea elected 3 Choose the words and phrases to fill
in the blanks, changing their forms if
necessary. aircraft crossing by means of
make a life rail strait Arctic My nephew’s first holiday to the ______ was a
delight. The scenery and the icebergs excited
him. Looking across the Bering _____ into
Russia was something he would remember
forever. To make the ________ between these
two great countries seemed as if it would take
no time at all! Then he travelled across the
ice ___________ a dog sled. It made the
journey he had earlier done by _______ seem
very ordinary.Arctic straitcrossingby means ofaircraftWhen he reached the North Pole, he found
nothing exciting except for a sign marking
the spot, but he did meet some scientists there
who were studying the melting of the ice ____
and for themselves among the snowy hills and
plains. After a short break he took the local
____________ to fly back to Alaska and the
sea voyage back home! railmaking a lifeoccur vi. 存在, 被发现; 发生; 想到, 想起
(to), (主语是事, 宾语是人)
These flowers occur in the tropics(热带).
The sound doesn’t occur in Chinese.
When did the accident occur?
An idea occurred to me.
It never occurred to him that she would fail.Explanation 1) The name of the film ____ me suddenly.
Which of the following is wrong?
A. occurred to B. came to C. struck D. stuck
2) _____ to me that I had left the door unlocked.
A. It happened B. It struck
C. It hit D. It occurred
3) An accident did, however, _____ at the
street corner last night.
A. occur B. take place C. happened D. broke out occur (occurred, occurred)D D A Grammar Noun Clauses
名词性从句Noun Clausessubjective clause
主语从句objective clause
宾语从句predicative clause
表语从句appositive clause
同位语从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、
表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可
分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和
同位语从句。1. What it was to become was a mystery.
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to
win the bet.
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know
anybody in London.
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises
many people.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以
作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
引导宾语从句词有连词that, if,
whether; 连接代词who, whose, what,
which; 连接副词when, where, how,
why等。1) I think (that) women can reach very
high achievements in many fields of
science.
2) I wonder whether/if she remembered
how many babies she had delivered.
3) Do you know who/whom Jack was
speaking to?2.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。
引导宾语从句词有连词that, what, which,
who, whom, whose等。除在句子中起
连接作用外, 还可在从句中充当主语、
表语、定语, 且各有各的词义。Tom is no longer what he used to be.
The question is which of us should come
first.
The problem is who is really fit for the
hard job.
The important thing is whose name
should be put on the top of the list.3. 主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句, 因其在复合句
中做主语, 又称主语从句, 引导主语从句
的有连词that, whether, 连接代词who,
what, which, 连接副词when, where,
how, why等。That she left him cut him to the heart.
What seems easy to some people seems
difficult to others.
Whether it will please them is not easy
to say. 4. 同位语从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句, 大多由从属
连词that引导, 常常跟在fact,news, idea,
thought, question, reply, report, remark,
hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般
用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或
内容, 在逻辑上表现为同为关系。They are familiar with the opinion that
all matter consists of atoms.
Where did you get the idea that I could
not come.
The suggestion came from the chairman
that the new rule should be adopted.1. 名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)；
2. 几对重要关联词的区别: whetherif,
whatthat, whatwhatever, whowhoever, etc;
3. it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句
或宾语从句；
4. 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点根据例句, 讨论：
1) whetherif的区别
Please tell me if/whether you will go to the
lectures tomorrow.
It all depends on whether the sky will clear up.
The question is whether the film is well
worth seeing.
Whether he will be well tomorrow I’m not sure.
Whether it is true remains a problem.ABCDAA. 引导宾语从句, 位于及物动词后
B. 引导宾语从句, 位于介词后
C. 引导宾语从句, 放句首
D. 引导表语从句, 主语从句或同位语从句2)Whatthat的区别
I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak
louder.
His mother is satisfied with what he has done.
That he was able to come made us happy.
This is what makes us interested.
The reason was that Tod had never seen
the million-pound note before.缺不缺什么; 所……
的东西、事情无意义否宾语从句
中能省略3) whowhoever; whatwhatever的区别
The spoken English competition is coming, Who
will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
I believe whoever takes part in the competition
will try his best.
Can you tell me what you would like to order?
Whatever happens, don’t be surprised.
All the food here is delicious. Just order whatever
you like.表示“谁”表示“…的任何人”表“什么，所…的
东西、事情”表“…的任何东西”/
表“不论谁”/
表“无论什么”4)常见的it作形式主语的结构
It is a fact that he won the match.
It is necessary that we do study the English.
It is known to all that light travels in
straight lines.
It seemed that he would come here.It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/
good news/…that…It is necessary/strange/important/
possible/likely/…that…这类主语从
句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is said/reported/decide/known/
…that…It seemed/happened/doesn’t
matter/has turned out/…that…Suggested answers to Exercise 3 on page 5:She pretended that she was a socialist, believing in socialism.
It is not surprising that so many people love California.
Why she didn’t tell you herself is what I want to know / is what I can’t explain.
I wonder why he lied to me.Revising useful structures The trouble was that she had lost her passport.
It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.
What George discovered in California was different from what he saw in the movies.
Where they got all that money is what I want to know /is what I can’t explain. I have always been honest and straight
forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ that
I’m talking to.
(广东省)
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接B 【解析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。
and后是一个含有主语从句的结构, 其主句
部分是it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是who it
is that I’m talking to。而在主语从句中, 又有
一个定语从句, 修饰who。who既是一个引导词,
也在it is中作表语。如果再细一点, 说who是
(talking) to的介词宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls
the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the
atmosphere today. (上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【解析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分,
故选C。C 3. _____ made the school proud was______
more than 90％ of the students had been
admitted to key universities. (上海春季)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because【解析】what 在此作连接代词, 引导主语从句，
并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时,
只起引导作用, 不作任何成分。B 4. When you answer questions in a job
interview, please remember the golden rule:
Always give the monkey exactly _______ he
wants. (上海春季)
A.what B.which C.when D.that 【解析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,
Always give the monkey exactly what he wants
是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要
的东西”。故答案为A。A 5. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s
game?
--- Oh, that's_______. (北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited 【解析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，
在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为:
那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。A 6. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that_______ you had a few days off?
(NMET)
A.why B.when C.what D.where 【解析】这是一个由why引导的表语从句,
表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开
的原因吗?”。故答案为A。A 7. He made another wonderful discovery, ____
of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入
插入语的用法, 因插入语应位于引导词之后，
所以D项不对, B、C两项无法构成正确结构。A 1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other
than jeans and a T-shirt _____ the season.
(2008全国I卷)
A. whatever B. wherever
C. whenever D. however
2. Students are always interested in finding
out ______ they can go with a new teacher.
(2008安徽卷)
A. how far B. how soon
C. how often D. how long高考链接 -- 2008A A 3. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008
Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
(2008福建卷)
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
4. When asked _____ they needed most,
the kids said they wanted to feel
important and loved. (2008湖南卷)
A. what B. why C. whom D. whichB A 5. ______ was most important to her, she told
me, was her family. (2008山东卷)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
6. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ____
they were destroyed by people to make way
for agricultural had to provide food for
more people. (2008江西卷)
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in thatC D 7. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay
their own way. (2008浙江卷)
A. Anyone B. The one
C. Whoever D. Who
8. Some children want to challenge themselves
by learning a language different from _____
their parents speak at home. (2008浙江卷)
A. what B. that C. which D. oneC A 高考链接 -- 20091. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
（09湖南）
A. whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。 2. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. （09江西）what B. which
C. that D. though 【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。3. Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）A. who B. what
C. whoever D. whatever【答案】C whoever既作了?to?的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。 4. The how to book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job. （09陕西）who B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever 【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D 5. One of the most important questions they had to consider was _____ of public health（09海南）A. what B. this
C. that D. which【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。 6. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （09四川）A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。 7. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother. （09山东） where B. what
C. how D. who【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。 Homework1. Summarize the rules of noun clauses
and learn them by heart.
2. Translate sentences:
1) 显而易见, 英语很重要. (主语从句)
2) 玛利认为他会帮助她. (宾语从句)
3) 我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的.(同位语从句)
4) 问题是我们下一步该怎么做. (表语从句)
new words from the text.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionItaly Korean Pakistani Denish appliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustrationsimplifysimplicity2 Complete these sentences, using
new words from the text. 1. A _______ country consists of a group of states.
2. That is the biggest _______ church I have
ever seen. federalcatholic3. The ________ of us voted for Mr Red, who
then became chairman of the committee.
4. The ________ of Education is one of the
government departments.
5. The economic ______ in recent years has
created more job opportunities.
6. _______ shaped like a boot lies in the south
of Europe.majorityMinistry boom Italy 7. We should draw a __________ between
right and wrong.
8. To make the crossing from Shandong to the
Northeast, our ancestors suffered all kinds
of _________.
9. The people from South or North _______
are called Koreans.
10. Nobody knows who will be _________ as
president or vice president of this country. distinction hardship Korea elected 3 Choose the words and phrases to fill
in the blanks, changing their forms if
necessary. aircraft crossing by means of
make a life rail strait Arctic My nephew’s first holiday to the ______ was a
delight. The scenery and the icebergs excited
him. Looking across the Bering _____ into
Russia was something he would remember
forever. To make the ________ between these
two great countries seemed as if it would take
no time at all! Then he travelled across the
ice ___________ a dog sled. It made the
journey he had earlier done by _______ seem
very ordinary.Arctic straitcrossingby means ofaircraftWhen he reached the North Pole, he found
nothing exciting except for a sign marking
the spot, but he did meet some scientists there
who were studying the melting of the ice ____
and for themselves among the snowy hills and
plains. After a short break he took the local
____________ to fly back to Alaska and the
sea voyage back home! railmaking a lifeoccur vi. 存在, 被发现; 发生; 想到, 想起
(to), (主语是事, 宾语是人)
These flowers occur in the tropics(热带).
The sound doesn’t occur in Chinese.
When did the accident occur?
An idea occurred to me.
It never occurred to him that she would fail.Explanation 1) The name of the film ____ me suddenly.
Which of the following is wrong?
A. occurred to B. came to C. struck D. stuck
2) _____ to me that I had left the door unlocked.
A. It happened B. It struck
C. It hit D. It occurred
3) An accident did, however, _____ at the
street corner last night.
A. occur B. take place C. happened D. broke out occur (occurred, occurred)D D A Grammar Noun Clauses
名词性从句Noun Clausessubjective clause
主语从句objective clause
宾语从句predicative clause
表语从句appositive clause
同位语从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、
表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可
分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和
同位语从句。1. What it was to become was a mystery.
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to
win the bet.
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know
anybody in London.
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises
many people.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以
作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
引导宾语从句词有连词that, if,
whether; 连接代词who, whose, what,
which; 连接副词when, where, how,
why等。1) I think (that) women can reach very
high achievements in many fields of
science.
2) I wonder whether/if she remembered
how many babies she had delivered.
3) Do you know who/whom Jack was
speaking to?2.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。
引导宾语从句词有连词that, what, which,
who, whom, whose等。除在句子中起
连接作用外, 还可在从句中充当主语、
表语、定语, 且各有各的词义。Tom is no longer what he used to be.
The question is which of us should come
first.
The problem is who is really fit for the
hard job.
The important thing is whose name
should be put on the top of the list.3. 主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句, 因其在复合句
中做主语, 又称主语从句, 引导主语从句
的有连词that, whether, 连接代词who,
what, which, 连接副词when, where,
how, why等。That she left him cut him to the heart.
What seems easy to some people seems
difficult to others.
Whether it will please them is not easy
to say. 4. 同位语从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句, 大多由从属
连词that引导, 常常跟在fact,news, idea,
thought, question, reply, report, remark,
hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般
用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或
内容, 在逻辑上表现为同为关系。They are familiar with the opinion that
all matter consists of atoms.
Where did you get the idea that I could
not come.
The suggestion came from the chairman
that the new rule should be adopted.1. 名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)；
2. 几对重要关联词的区别: whetherif,
whatthat, whatwhatever, whowhoever, etc;
3. it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句
或宾语从句；
4. 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点根据例句, 讨论：
1) whetherif的区别
Please tell me if/whether you will go to the
lectures tomorrow.
It all depends on whether the sky will clear up.
The question is whether the film is well
worth seeing.
Whether he will be well tomorrow I’m not sure.
Whether it is true remains a problem.ABCDAA. 引导宾语从句, 位于及物动词后
B. 引导宾语从句, 位于介词后
C. 引导宾语从句, 放句首
D. 引导表语从句, 主语从句或同位语从句2)Whatthat的区别
I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak
louder.
His mother is satisfied with what he has done.
That he was able to come made us happy.
This is what makes us interested.
The reason was that Tod had never seen
the million-pound note before.缺不缺什么; 所……
的东西、事情无意义否宾语从句
中能省略3) whowhoever; whatwhatever的区别
The spoken English competition is coming, Who
will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
I believe whoever takes part in the competition
will try his best.
Can you tell me what you would like to order?
Whatever happens, don’t be surprised.
All the food here is delicious. Just order whatever
you like.表示“谁”表示“…的任何人”表“什么，所…的
东西、事情”表“…的任何东西”/
表“不论谁”/
表“无论什么”4)常见的it作形式主语的结构
It is a fact that he won the match.
It is necessary that we do study the English.
It is known to all that light travels in
straight lines.
It seemed that he would come here.It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/
good news/…that…It is necessary/strange/important/
possible/likely/…that…这类主语从
句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is said/reported/decide/known/
…that…It seemed/happened/doesn’t
matter/has turned out/…that…Suggested answers to Exercise 3 on page 5:She pretended that she was a socialist, believing in socialism.
It is not surprising that so many people love California.
Why she didn’t tell you herself is what I want to know / is what I can’t explain.
I wonder why he lied to me.Revising useful structures The trouble was that she had lost her passport.
It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.
What George discovered in California was different from what he saw in the movies.
Where they got all that money is what I want to know /is what I can’t explain. I have always been honest and straight
forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ that
I’m talking to.
(广东省)
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接B 【解析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。
and后是一个含有主语从句的结构, 其主句
部分是it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是who it
is that I’m talking to。而在主语从句中, 又有
一个定语从句, 修饰who。who既是一个引导词,
也在it is中作表语。如果再细一点, 说who是
(talking) to的介词宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls
the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the
atmosphere today. (上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【解析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分,
故选C。C 3. _____ made the school proud was______
more than 90％ of the students had been
admitted to key universities. (上海春季)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because【解析】what 在此作连接代词, 引导主语从句，
并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时,
只起引导作用, 不作任何成分。B 4. When you answer questions in a job
interview, please remember the golden rule:
Always give the monkey exactly _______ he
wants. (上海春季)
A.what B.which C.when D.that 【解析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,
Always give the monkey exactly what he wants
是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要
的东西”。故答案为A。A 5. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s
game?
--- Oh, that's_______. (北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited 【解析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，
在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为:
那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。A 6. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that_______ you had a few days off?
(NMET)
A.why B.when C.what D.where 【解析】这是一个由why引导的表语从句,
表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开
的原因吗?”。故答案为A。A 7. He made another wonderful discovery, ____
of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入
插入语的用法, 因插入语应位于引导词之后，
所以D项不对, B、C两项无法构成正确结构。A 1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other
than jeans and a T-shirt _____ the season.
(2008全国I卷)
A. whatever B. wherever
C. whenever D. however
2. Students are always interested in finding
out ______ they can go with a new teacher.
(2008安徽卷)
A. how far B. how soon
C. how often D. how long高考链接 -- 2008A A 3. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008
Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
(2008福建卷)
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
4. When asked _____ they needed most,
the kids said they wanted to feel
important and loved. (2008湖南卷)
A. what B. why C. whom D. whichB A 5. ______ was most important to her, she told
me, was her family. (2008山东卷)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
6. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ____
they were destroyed by people to make way
for agricultural had to provide food for
more people. (2008江西卷)
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in thatC D 7. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay
their own way. (2008浙江卷)
A. Anyone B. The one
C. Whoever D. Who
8. Some children want to challenge themselves
by learning a language different from _____
their parents speak at home. (2008浙江卷)
A. what B. that C. which D. oneC A 高考链接 -- 20091. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
（09湖南）
A. whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。 2. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. （09江西）what B. which
C. that D. though 【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。3. Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）A. who B. what
C. whoever D. whatever【答案】C whoever既作了?to?的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。 4. The how to book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job. （09陕西）who B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever 【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D 5. One of the most important questions they had to consider was _____ of public health（09海南）A. what B. this
C. that D. which【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。 6. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （09四川）A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。 7. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother. （09山东） where B. what
C. how D. who【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。 Homework1. Summarize the rules of noun clauses
and learn them by heart.
2. Translate sentences:
1) 显而易见, 英语很重要. (主语从句)
2) 玛利认为他会帮助她. (宾语从句)
3) 我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的.(同位语从句)
4) 问题是我们下一步该怎么做. (表语从句)