英语语法复习之状语从句(课件）

课件23张PPT。英语语法复习
——状语从句一、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
例如：Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。二、方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…,as if,
as though引导。例如： 1、 as, (just) as…so…
二者引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。例如：　
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep
backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 “仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”。例如：2、 as if, as thoughThey completely ignore these facts as if
(as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by
lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。
（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、
不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。三、原因状语从句because, since, as和for引导原因从句的比较：1、because语势最强，用来说明别人所不知的原因，
常用来回答why提出的问题。例如：Since /As the weather is so bad, we won’t go.
由于天气很糟糕，我们不会去。2、当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或
since。As在语气上比since更弱。例如：I didn’t go because I was afraid.
我因为害怕所以没去。He must be ill, for he was absent today. 他肯定生病了，因为它今天缺席了。3、由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，
而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for了。注意for不能放在句首。例如：He was absent today, because / for he is ill.
他今天缺席是因为他生病了。四、目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that,
in order that, lest, for fear that,
in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你得大声点说话，以便所有人都能听得见。He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it. 他记下了这个名字，以免忘记了。Better take more clothes in case the weather gets cold. 最好多带些衣服，以防天气变冷。五、结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导。要掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。1、such是形容词，其后的中心词（即被修饰语）应该是名词。其句式结构如下：① such + a/an + adj. + n. （单数名词）+ thatIt’s such an funny movie that we can’t miss it.这是部如此有趣的电影，我们不能错过了。② such + adj. + n.(复数名词）+ thatThese are such small shoes that I can’t wear them.这些鞋都太小，我穿不了。③ such + adj. + n.(不可数名词）+ thatHe has made such rapid progress that the teacher speaks highly of him. 他进步很快，老师对他大家赞赏。2、so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。句式结构如下：① so + adj. / adv. + thatMr. Green is so busy that he can’t leave his office.格林先生很忙，不能离开办公室。② so + adj. + a/an + n.(单数名词）+ thatHe’s so young a boy that he can’t go to school now.他是个幼小的男孩，现在还上不了学。3、在such…that结构中，当名词前的修饰语是many, much, few, little等表示数量多或少的词时，则应该用so来代替such。例如：He has so little money that he can’t buy this book.他的钱很少，买不起这本书。注意：They’re such little girls that they can’t look after themselves.
她们这么小，还照顾不了自己。（句中的such不可换成so，因为这儿的little不指数量少，而是指年纪小。）六、条件状语从句条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that，so (as) far as, if only (= if)等。1、if 引导的条件句有真实条件句（有可能实现的事情）和非真实条件句（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）两种。非真实条件句在此就不阐述了。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
如果他不在办公室的话，那他一定是出去吃午饭了。3、在含条件状语从句的复合句中，要注意“主将从现”的法则，即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。2. unless = if not Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
如果你不是太累的话，我们就出去散步吧。典型例题：You will be late ___ you leave immediately.　 A. unless　B. until　C. if　D. or答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为：If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.　B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 七、让步状语从句1、让步状语从句通常由though, although引导。但须注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。例如： Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语） 典型例题： _____she is young, she knows quite a lot.　 A. When　 B. However　 C. Although　 D. Unless答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。2、as, though 引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如： Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems able to the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 3、ever if, even though 即使We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们还是会去旅行。4、whether…or　不管……都Whether you believe it or not, it is really true. 不管你信不信，这确实是真的。5、“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever” No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么事，他都不会介意。替换：
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 例如：（错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.　
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。①as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 八、时间状语从句1、while, when和as ②当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
③从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 2、until和till 此两个连词意义相同。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。①肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you.　 等着我叫你。 ②否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。 在肯定句中可用before代替。
Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。　 ③ Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。④ Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。---- Until when are you staying?　你呆到什么时候？ ---- Until next Monday.　呆到下周一。　 ④否定句可用另外两种句式表示。（1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。(2)　It is not until… that…
It’s not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as 都可以表示“一…就…”的意思，例如：3、表示“一…就…”的 结构I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
我一回到家天就开始下起雨来了。注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，
句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. The end!
Good bye!