课件48张PPT。Fashionable[时尚的] and modern underground in USAthe Chicago[芝加哥]Subway Main StationSan Francisco(旧金山)The Moscow[莫斯科] Underground is like a palace[宫殿].the Paris[巴黎] UndergroundUnderground plays the most important part in London Transport. Pyngyang’s[平壤] underground is very deep, intended for the war as well as the transport.The underground of Copenhagen [哥本哈根] in Denmark[丹麦] is pilotless[无人驾驶].the underground in Tokyo[东京]of JapanBrussels布鲁塞尔 in Belgium比利时the driving cab the controlling centrethe Shanghai Subway Stationline up 整装待发The first underground in the worldUnit 4Public transportVarious means of transportationcoachundergroundaeroplanesteam trainmaglev磁悬浮Lead-inelectric bicycle tractordonkeyVarious means of transportationundergroundThe first underground in the worldreading p50Scanning1. When was the first underground system opened?
A: In 1863.
2. Why was the Victoria Line important?
A: Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly.
3. What did Charles Holden do?
A: The architect that designed many of the stations built between 1918 and 1938.Skimming: paragraphs divisionPart 1 Para 1
Part 2 Para 2~4Part 3 Para 5Part 4 Para 6~7
reasonsdevelopments before WWⅡUnusual uses during WWⅡExpansion after WWⅡ summary1. Can you get the reasons why the first underground was developed?
Most trains did not go into the London city centre.
More buses were needed.
Increased vehicles choked off traffic on the road.
Some great minds came up with the underground systemPara 1:Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ.Ⅳ.Para 2-4 Development of the LU system before World War IIAn underground railway was decided to be built.The first tunnels were opened.The next section of the underground system was opened.The first tunnel under the River Thames was dug.A public organization was created.London Transport was expanded.1854
1863
1868
1884
1933
1918~1938Development of the LU system before World War II
A public organization was createdLondon transport was expanded
More people traveled on the underground and more lines were added
The last line was addedPara 5 unusual uses during war timeThe underground functioned as ________________________, ________________________, ________________________, _________________________ .a bomb shelteran aeroplane factoryan anti-aircraft centremeeting rooms for the governmentPara 6-7: expansion & popularityToday London Underground is a major business, with over ___million passenger journeys a day on ___ lines.312ClozeWhile I went sighting in London, I visited the London U___________. Like most tourists, I was very interested in it as it is the o_________ system in the world. It is also very c________. I was told that the first part of the underground system opened in __________ and it took people from the b___________ of London to the city c_________. The tunnels under the ground were very narrow compared to the last line that was constructed in __________. When carriages first ran in these tunnels, there was lots of s_________ and n___________. I think it must have been horrible and damp down there! undergroundoldestcomplex1863boundarycentre1977smokenoiseAnother problem was that there were a dozen different lines, which were not linked. This made the system not u___________ , but now the different lines have been j___________. The union of the different lines makes traveling on the London Underground much more c___________. I bought a ticket at a d_________ and rode the underground three times. It was quite good. Even the stations built in the 1920s were quite m___________. Another interesting thing was that the tunnels were used for all sorts of things during __________, such as bomb s__________ and an anti-aircraft center. When I come back, I’ll show you photos I took there.user-friendlyjoinedconvenientdiscountmodernWorld War II sheltersReading strategy: reading a tourist brochure Key facts of a tourist brochure
1. History of a certain place or an item, including its dates and years
2. Some important people concerned
3. Interesting facts
4. Persuasive and interesting language
New words:Underground 地铁
Brochure 小册子
Tube 管子；地铁
Complex 复杂
Transport 运输；运送
Vehicle 车辆；交通工具
The Metropolitan Railway Company大都会铁路公司
Paddington 帕丁顿
Farringdon 法林顿
Shuttle 短程往返运行的公共汽车；
King’s Cross 王十字火车站
St Pancreas 圣潘克里斯
Euston 尤斯顿
Tunnel 隧道
Beneath 在…之下
Metropolitan District Railway 大都会区铁路公司
The circle line 环线
The River Thames 泰晤士河
Accelerate 加速
Charles Yerkes 查尔斯－耶基斯
Acquisition 获得
The London Passenger Transport Board 伦敦客运总署
London Transport 伦敦运输管理局
Expansion 扩大
Charles Holden查尔斯－霍尔登
anti-aircraft 防空
The Prime Minister 首相
Administration 行政管理部门
The Victoria Line 维多利亚线
The Jubilee Line 朱比利线
Queen Elizabeth’s Crowning 伊丽莎白女王登记
Network 网络
Oyster牡蛎PracticeWhy was an underground system first developed in London?
Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road. The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the road. 2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?
The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels. 3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground?
He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.
4. What are some of the different things that the underground has functioned as?
It has functioned as
1. a bomb shelter
2. an aeroplane factory,
3. anti-aircraft centre
4. meeting rooms for the government administration. 5. What happened to the London Underground after World War Ⅱ?
More lines were added because more people traveled on the underground. 6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.1. historic adj. 历史上著名的；有历史意义的
This is a historic occasion.
这是具有重大历史意义的时刻。
单词积累：
historic adj. 历史；历史学
historical adj. 历史上的，史学的
historically adv. 在历史上 historian n. 历史学家
辨析： historical & historic
historic : 指重要的，有历史意义的。
Beijing is a historic city. 北京是历史名城。
historical: 指涉及历史、史学及过去事实的。
This book is about a famous historical story.
这是一本关于一个著名的历史故事的书。2. choke off 粗鲁地或突然地阻止某人；阻塞（交通）等
When I was telling them about the accident he chocked me
off. 当我向他讲述那起事故的时候，他突然打断了我。
The heavy snow chocked off traffic. 大雪阻塞了交通。
链接：
chock back 抑制(怒气、眼泪等)
chock down 硬咽(食物); 强抑(感情等)
chock up 呛住，哽住；阻塞；填满
chock with anger 气得说不出话来
辨析：chock off & hold up
chock off:多指因车辆太多而影响交通的正常运行。另外，
还有除掉某人的意思。
hold up : 多指人在路上被车堵住了；也可以指交通堵塞。
I was hold up by the heavy traffic on the way to work.
由于交通拥挤，我在去上班的路上被挡住了。3. accelerate v. 使(某事物)加快；促进(某事物)；加速
This will accelerate the rate of growth.
这将会提高生长率。
The car accelerated as it overtook me.
那辆车一加速就超过了我。
单词积累：
decelerate v. 使减速
acceleration n. 加快，加速；促进; 加速度
accelerator n. 加速器，加速装置；加速剂4. pace n. 一步，一步的距离；速度
She advanced two paces. 她向前走了两步。
He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn’t stand
the pace.
他放弃了做广告的工作，因为工作节奏太快，他受不了。
v. 缓慢行进；来回踱步
He paced up and down the platform, waiting for the train.
他在月台上踱来踱去等候火车。
链接：
keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱，齐头并进
set the pace 定速度（使他人跟从）
pace sth off/ out 以步数测量某物
put sb/ sth through his/ its paces
考验、试验某人/ 某事物的能力或质量5. authority n. 权力；职权
She now has authority over the people who used to be her
bosses. 她现在管辖着过去是她上司的人。
Nothing will be done because no one in authority takes the
matter seriously.
什么也办不了，因为掌权的人谁也不认真对待这个问题。
批准；授权
They acted under the authority of the UN.
他们是联合国授权行动的。
拓展：
by/ under the authority of 得到……的许可
have authority over 有管理权 in authority 当权；掌权
on one’s own authority 依据自己的意见
on the authority of 根据
speak with authority 有权威地说6. fun_ction n. 作用，功能；职责，职能；典礼，宴会
The fun_ction of the heart is to pump blood through the
body. 心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。
It is not the fun_ction of this committee to deal with
dismissals. 处理解雇问题不是本委员会的职责。
v. 起作用，运转
His brain seems to be functioning normally.
他的大脑看来功能正常。
The sofa can fun_ction as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床。
This machine has stopped functioning. 这台机器坏了。
单词积累：
functional adj. 功能的；有作用的；职务上的；实用的
functionary n. (常作贬义) 公务员；官员7. permit v. 允许，许可
The council will not permit you to build here.
委员会不会允许你们在这一带搞建筑。
使某物有可能
I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.
要是天气许可，我明天会来。
n. 许可证，通行证
You can’t enter a military base without a permit.
无通行证者不得擅入军事基地。
搭配：
permit doing …… 允许做……
sb to do …… 允许某人做……
单词积累：
permission n. 许可，准许，允许
permissive adj. (作定语)纵容的，放任的链接：
permit/ allow/ forbid sb to do sth 允许/ 禁止某人做某事
permit/ allow/ forbid doing sth 允许/ 禁止做某事
