高一情态动词精讲精练
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高一情态动词精讲精练
一、讲解
情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：
1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。
4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。
英文中的情态动词主要有：can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ，另外shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如：
He can speak five languages .他会说五种语言。
She must have arrived home by now .现在她准到家了。
We should study hard for our motherland . 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。
They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time
for them . 他们还有足够的时间，用不着这么慌张。
1. 常用情态动词的基本用法
can , could 能，会
（could可以看作是can的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。）
1）表示脑力或体力上的能力
Nobody can stop the development of science .
谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。
I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .
我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。
2)表示客观上的可能性
You can borrow this useful book from the library .
你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
当风暴停下来时，飞机可以起飞了不得。
3)表示主观上的允许
Can I ask you some questions about it
我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗？
You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。
Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
这类事以后不准再发生了。
Can you tell me how to get to the airport 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could you tell me how to get to the airport
您能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could I be forgiven my negligence 请原谅我的疏忽，行吗？
4）（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧
How can / could you be here 你怎么会在这儿？
She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。
Where could / can the boy be now 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢？
另外，could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候，could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如：
Could you speak a little slowly
您能稍微说慢一点儿吗？
I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。
I could come earlier if asked .
如果要让我早一点来，我可以来早一点。
We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
如果您能为我们提供帮助的话，我们将不甚感激。
You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
如果你再加把劲，本来可以干得更好一些的。
may , might 或许，可能，可以
（might可以看作是may的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。）
1）可能性
I may be busy from tomorrow on .从明天起我可能会忙起来。
You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五点钟以前起来，或许能从这儿看到日出。
I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。
2）表示允许
May I come in 我可以进来吗？
I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
图书馆理员告诉她说，她可以在三天后还那本书。
At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
在记者招待会上，一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。
3) may间或用来表示祝愿，也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:
May that day come soon .但愿这天早日到来。
May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game .
祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses .
祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。
4) might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中，或用于虚拟语气的结构中:
I could not convince him , try as I might .我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .
那天，他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .
为了其他的人能活下去，他自己牺牲了。
If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。
One error in calculation might ruin the whole project .
计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。
注意：在回答以may引导的问句时，一般说来避免使用may，以免显得太严厉、或不太客气，而改用其他方式。例如：
--May I come in --Yes , please .请进。
我可以进来吗？ --Sure . / Certainly . .请进。
--Please don't . .请不要进来。
--No , you mustn't .不行。
must 应该，必须，一定
1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事
We must protect people's rights .我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .
每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
You must serve the people when you grow up .
你们长大成人时应该服务于人民。
Students must work hard at their study .
学生应该努力学习。
2）表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .
我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We must keep steps to the scientific development .
我们一定要与科学的发展保持一致步调。
You must hurry up or you'll be late .
你必须得快点儿，不然会迟到的。
在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化形式。如：
I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了，因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten .
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。
Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back .
珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing .
我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情
注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn't 而需要用needn't 或是don't have to，因为mustn't意思是"绝不能、一定不要"，而没有"不必"的意思。例如：
--Must we hand in our exercises today 我们今天必须交作业吗？
--Yes , you must .是的，必须交。
--No , you needn't (or , you don't have to ).
不，不必今天交。
3）表示禁止（用于否定句）
You must not speak ill of others .
你一定不要说别人的坏话。
Cars must not parked here . 这里禁止停车。
Smoking must not allowed in the office .严禁在办公室吸烟。
You mustn't talk to girls like that .你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。
4）表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have + 过去分词。例如：
You must be tired after working so long .你工作这么久以后，肯定累了吧。
It must be that naughty boy crying outside .肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。
The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.
这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所接受的。
It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside .
外面这么湿，昨晚肯定下雨了。
I didn't see you in class yesterday. You must have been
absent .我昨天上课没见着你，你肯定没有来。
Ought （后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词）应该
1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.
我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much .
他的大夫说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try
你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗？
2) 表示极有可能发生某事
As an auto repairman , Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car .
狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。
If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .
如果我们马上出发，我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today .
今天有这么好的晚霞，明天准是个晴天。
need（用于否定句和疑问句）需要
There are still one and a half hours to go , we needn't be in such a hurry .
还有一个半小时，我们无需如此慌慌张张。
I hardly need say how much we missed you .不用说我们是多么想念你啊。
Need you go so soon 你需要这么早就去吗？
You need have no anxiety on my account .你不必为我而着急。
dare , dared（用于否定句和疑问句）敢
Dare you stay here alone in the night 你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗？
Nobody dared mention that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。
How dared you say that to her 你怎么敢对她说那件事？
Even if you dare do it, I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous .
即使你敢做，我也会让你做那件事，因为太危险了
shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思：
1）许诺
You shall hear everything directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。
"Whatever you want you shall have , "said the Fairy .
仙女说："你想得到什么，你就可以有什么。"
I don't want to be hard on your daughter ; she shan't be pressed .
我不想对你女儿太严厉，她不会太受压的。
I promise that you shall see her again before long .
我保证你不久就能再见到她。
2）命令
You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。
She shall not stay in my garden .她不可以呆在我的花园里。
He shall not come into my study . 不许他进我的书房。
You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做。
3）决心（表示某事一定会发生）
That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。
It has been decided that he shall be given the job .
肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。
This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001
这个法律于2001年元月1日生效。
4）规定
Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .
租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after
receipt of the goods .卖方十月以前装运，买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。
should
（用作情态动词时，有时表示具体的意思，有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。）
1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .
你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。
You should write to your parents at least once a month .
你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We should read English aloud every morning .
我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They should do it for their own good .
为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。
2）表示对某种情况的估计
She shouldn't be out in such an early morning .
她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
This book should be published in two months at most .
这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。
3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.
我认为，竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why should I pay him for nothing 我干吗要无为地付给他钱？
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .
这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。
It's strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪，今天怎么会这么冷。
4）用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .
大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料，这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。
She stood away so that he should enter the room first .
她让到一边，好让他第一个进入房间。
I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .
带上雨伞，以防万一下雨。
will , would
（would可以看作是will的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。）
1）用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求（在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉）
Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes
请告诉她我二十分钟后回来，好吗？
If you want help, just let me know , will you
你需要帮助就告诉我，好吗？
Won't you come in and have a little whisky
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌？（或是：你进来喝一点儿威士忌，好吗？）
Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center
您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗？
2）用于表示愿望
Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay you at the rate you ask .我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure .他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They had to obey whether they would or not .他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。
3）表示习惯、倾向（可译成"总是会、老是，等" ）
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon .
有时侯，那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。
He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all .
他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时，什么都不干。
4）表示猜测（可译成"一定是……、想必……，等" ）
This will be the house you're looking for .这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。
The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right
你说的那个人一定是爸爸了，对吗？
That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。
5）will用于表示决心（可译成"一定要,决心，等" ）
We will never talk about that subject again .
我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night .
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。
6）would常用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well, I wouldn't worry about it . It won't do me any good .
好了，我不会担心那件事的，因为它不会给我带来什么好处。
2. 关于情态动词后面接进行式和完成式的情况
一般说来，"进行式"表示动作正在发生或进行；"完成式"则表示动作是发生在过去或是表示按理是发生了但事实上却没有发生。下面我们分别讨论一下各种具体情况。
A. 关于情态动词后面接进行式的情况
can后面接进行式 表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
What can she be doing at this moment 这个时候她会在做什么呢？
You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在对我将真话。
Can he be still thinking of it I told him
他会不会还在考虑我告诉他的那件事呢？
may后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home .
你妈妈可能正等着你回家吧。
She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day .
她或许明天或者什么时候会动身去纽约。
They may be returning back before Christmas .他可能圣诞节前回来。
might后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
They might be planning to make a loan for their new project .
他们也许在为他们的新项目策划贷款的事。
She might still be crying for being wronged .
她或许因为受了冤枉还在啼哭。
You might be telling me a lie .你也许在对我撒谎。
must后面接进行式 表示想必正在做某事，例如：
You must be thinking where I learned it .你一定在想我是从哪儿知道这件事的。
They must be following us just a little behind us .
他们肯定在离我们不远的地方尾随着我们。
My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house .
家里这么安静，我弟弟一定在床上睡觉。
should后面接进行式表示应该正在做某事，例如：
You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.
现在你该在做作业而不是看电视。
You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way .
你不应该只用一种方法考虑解决问题的办法。
Why should I be waiting here without doing anything
我凭什么在这儿白等。
B.关于情态动词后面接完成式的情况
can后面接完成式 表示可能已经做了某事。例如：
He can't have left home because the television is on.
因为电视还开着所以他不会离开家了。
Where can they have gone 他们会去了哪儿呢？
You can't have finished the novel so soon .
你不可能这么快就看完了那本小说。
could后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
The output could have been increased by 15% .产量本可以提高百分之十五的。
How could he have forgotten him birthday 他怎么会忘了自己的生日呢？
Judging from her appearance and manner,she couldn't have been over fifty years old . 从她的仪表和举止来看，她不可能已有五十多岁了。
may后面接完成式 表示可能已经发生的动作。例如：
He may have had some training in Chinese Gongfu .他可能学过一些中国武术。
You may have narrowly missed her on your way to here.
你可能在来这儿的路上刚好与她错过了。
They may have seen that movie.他们或许看过那部电影。
might后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做。例如：
They might have finished their work by now .他们现在或许已经完成任务。
She might have done better than that .你本可以做得比这更好一些的。
You might have learned more from him . 你本可以向他学到更多一些东西的。
must后面接完成式 表示想必已经发生的事。例如：
You must have talked about it with her before hand .你一定事先与她谈过这件事。
It must have snowed last night for it's so cold this morning .
今天早晨这么冷，昨晚一定下雪了。
ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
They ought to have completed their work much earlier .
他们本应该在更早一些的时候完成他们的工作的。
You oughtn't to have left your keys in the office when you went out .
你不该出去的时候将钥匙留在办公室里。
I ought to have said it to her in a calmer mood .
我应该以更平静一些的语气对她说那件事的。
need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中，表示不必要做的事而已经做了。例如：
We needn't have read the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class .
我们在做快速阅读练习之前没有必要把阅读材料先看过了。
You needn't have apologized to him for nothing yesterday .
你昨天没有必要无为地向他道歉.
should后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
I should have written to you earlier. But I've really been busy .
我本应该早就给你写信的；不过我真的一直都很忙。
You shouldn't have left your son alone at home .
你不该将你儿子一个人留在家里的。
He shouldn't have broken the red light.
他不该闯红灯的。
3. 常用情态动词的用法比较
1）在表示"可能性"方面
can 、should 、may 、might这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性"。
但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同：
can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性；其中should的主观性较强，往往含有"应该会怎么样"的意思。总体上说，这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比，may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定，表示主观意断的可能性，没有足够的客观依据。其中，might的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如：
You can't expect to be a top student without working hard at your study .（这种可能性很大。因为，不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢？）
This book should be found easily in the library .（说话人认为，图书馆应该有很多这类书籍，所以应该很容易找到。）
You may meet her at the party today.（说话人认为，你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。）
You might mistake what I mean.（说话人婉转地说明，大概、也许你误会我的意思了。）
2）在表示"允诺"方面
在表示"允诺"的can ，may， might三个情态动词中，以might最为客气、委婉；may为居中；而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下，要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如：
You can leave now. （用于熟识的人之间；或是公事公办的情况。）
May I trouble you with a question （用于礼貌地提出请求。）
Might I have another cup of coffee （用于陌生或正式的场合，非常委婉、得体地提出请求。）
3）在表示"应该"方面
must ，ought， should都能用来表示"出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样"的意思。以must的语气最强烈；ought为居中；而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如：
We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization.(语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国，而且我们非得这样做不可。）我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。
Students ought to study hard .（这种用法较有针对性，较具体，作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。
Students should study hard .（这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。）
学生应该努力学习。
4）在表示"猜测"方面
在情态动词中can 、should 、may 、might 、must都可以用于表示"猜测"。实际上， "猜测"与"可能性"在逻辑上是有必然联系的。如果认为没有某种可能性，人们就不会作出某些猜测。因此，这里讨论的五个情态动词之间的区别与他们各自在表示"可能性"方面的差异是相关的。
-- 在五个情态动词中must的语气最为强烈，它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。
--can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但语气没有must那么肯定。其中should的主观性较强，往往表示说话人猜想"应该会怎么样"的意思。
--may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱、没有那么肯定，表示说话人根据自己的主观意断而进行的猜测，一般地说没有足够的客观依据。其中，might的语气更弱一些。例如：
As a football fan, he must have watched the football match on TV last night --Brazil vs. France.
（说话人料定自己的推测不会有错：哪有足球迷不看巴西队与法国队比赛的道理。）作为一个足球迷，他昨晚肯定看了那场巴西对法国的比赛。
He can't be out I just saw him a moment ago .
（他不可能出去，因为我刚刚还见过他。）他不可能出去，因为我刚才一会儿还见过他。
It's 2:30 .I think she should be in her office .
（现在两点半是上班时间，她应该在办公室。）现在两点半钟。她应该在她的办公室。
Brown may come back in ten minutes or so .
（布朗或许一会儿回来，也许不回。）布朗或许十分钟左右就会回来的。
I thought although she was clever she might have difficulty
learning a foreign language .
（尽管她很聪明，但也许在学习语言方面会有困难。）我认为，尽管她很聪明但也许在学习语言方面还是会有困难的。
情态动词练习题
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感彩。
①—Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
— No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today
—Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）
A． ought to tell B． would have told
C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it
— Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005年全国Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might
巩固练习：
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
例题答案
Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Key: B B D A Key: D C
Key：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A
Key：C Key：C C
练习答案与解析
1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
情态动词专项练习1
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go
C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up
C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked
C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella ”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way
A) will you suppose B)you suppose C)do you suppose D)you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
36) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
37) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
38) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ have been cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't B) shouldn't C) mustn't D) wouldn't
39) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
40) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
41) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ have changed his mind.
A) can't B) wouldn't C) must D) shouldn't
42) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C)should not go D)needn't have gone
43) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
44) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
45) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
46) I am feeling sick. I____ have eaten so much chocolate.
A) needn't B) couldn't C) mustn't D) shouldn't
47) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
48) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B)should asked C)must have asked D)should have asked
49) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
50) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
52) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
53)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
54) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
55) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
56)“Where ____ my umbrella ”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
57) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way
A) will you suppose B) you suppose C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
58) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
59) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
60) We ought to help each other in our work, ____
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
61) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
62) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
63) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
64) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
65) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
66) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
67) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
68) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
69) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
70) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
情态动词专项练习2
1.I thought you___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He_ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.
A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caught C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ─ It a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It .
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .
A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.
A. will; can B. may; can C. may; dare D. dare; can
27. ─Must we finish the composition in class
─No, you .
A. needn't B. mustn't C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .
A. must cry B. must be cried C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. must receive
C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
情态动词练习题答案
1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D
1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D
情态动词专项练习2
1.B 2.D 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C
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高一情态动词精讲精练
一、讲解
情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：
1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。
4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。
英文中的情态动词主要有：can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ，另外shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如：
He can speak five languages .他会说五种语言。
She must have arrived home by now .现在她准到家了。
We should study hard for our motherland . 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。
They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time
for them . 他们还有足够的时间，用不着这么慌张。
1. 常用情态动词的基本用法
can , could 能，会
（could可以看作是can的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。）
1）表示脑力或体力上的能力
Nobody can stop the development of science .
谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。
I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .
我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。
2)表示客观上的可能性
You can borrow this useful book from the library .
你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
当风暴停下来时，飞机可以起飞了不得。
3)表示主观上的允许
Can I ask you some questions about it
我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗？
You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。
Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
这类事以后不准再发生了。
Can you tell me how to get to the airport 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could you tell me how to get to the airport
您能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could I be forgiven my negligence 请原谅我的疏忽，行吗？
4）（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧
How can / could you be here 你怎么会在这儿？
She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。
Where could / can the boy be now 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢？
另外，could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候，could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如：
Could you speak a little slowly
您能稍微说慢一点儿吗？
I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。
I could come earlier if asked .
如果要让我早一点来，我可以来早一点。
We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
如果您能为我们提供帮助的话，我们将不甚感激。
You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
如果你再加把劲，本来可以干得更好一些的。
may , might 或许，可能，可以
（might可以看作是may的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。）
1）可能性
I may be busy from tomorrow on .从明天起我可能会忙起来。
You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五点钟以前起来，或许能从这儿看到日出。
I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。
2）表示允许
May I come in 我可以进来吗？
I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
图书馆理员告诉她说，她可以在三天后还那本书。
At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
在记者招待会上，一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。
3) may间或用来表示祝愿，也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:
May that day come soon .但愿这天早日到来。
May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game .
祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses .
祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。
4) might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中，或用于虚拟语气的结构中:
I could not convince him , try as I might .我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .
那天，他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .
为了其他的人能活下去，他自己牺牲了。
If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。
One error in calculation might ruin the whole project .
计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。
注意：在回答以may引导的问句时，一般说来避免使用may，以免显得太严厉、或不太客气，而改用其他方式。例如：
--May I come in --Yes , please .请进。
我可以进来吗？ --Sure . / Certainly . .请进。
--Please don't . .请不要进来。
--No , you mustn't .不行。
must 应该，必须，一定
1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事
We must protect people's rights .我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .
每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
You must serve the people when you grow up .
你们长大成人时应该服务于人民。
Students must work hard at their study .
学生应该努力学习。
2）表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .
我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We must keep steps to the scientific development .
我们一定要与科学的发展保持一致步调。
You must hurry up or you'll be late .
你必须得快点儿，不然会迟到的。
在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化形式。如：
I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了，因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten .
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。
Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back .
珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing .
我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情
注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn't 而需要用needn't 或是don't have to，因为mustn't意思是"绝不能、一定不要"，而没有"不必"的意思。例如：
--Must we hand in our exercises today 我们今天必须交作业吗？
--Yes , you must .是的，必须交。
--No , you needn't (or , you don't have to ).
不，不必今天交。
3）表示禁止（用于否定句）
You must not speak ill of others .
你一定不要说别人的坏话。
Cars must not parked here . 这里禁止停车。
Smoking must not allowed in the office .严禁在办公室吸烟。
You mustn't talk to girls like that .你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。
4）表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have + 过去分词。例如：
You must be tired after working so long .你工作这么久以后，肯定累了吧。
It must be that naughty boy crying outside .肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。
The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.
这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所接受的。
It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside .
外面这么湿，昨晚肯定下雨了。
I didn't see you in class yesterday. You must have been
absent .我昨天上课没见着你，你肯定没有来。
Ought （后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词）应该
1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.
我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much .
他的大夫说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try
你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗？
2) 表示极有可能发生某事
As an auto repairman , Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car .
狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。
If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .
如果我们马上出发，我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today .
今天有这么好的晚霞，明天准是个晴天。
need（用于否定句和疑问句）需要
There are still one and a half hours to go , we needn't be in such a hurry .
还有一个半小时，我们无需如此慌慌张张。
I hardly need say how much we missed you .不用说我们是多么想念你啊。
Need you go so soon 你需要这么早就去吗？
You need have no anxiety on my account .你不必为我而着急。
dare , dared（用于否定句和疑问句）敢
Dare you stay here alone in the night 你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗？
Nobody dared mention that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。
How dared you say that to her 你怎么敢对她说那件事？
Even if you dare do it, I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous .
即使你敢做，我也会让你做那件事，因为太危险了
shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思：
1）许诺
You shall hear everything directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。
"Whatever you want you shall have , "said the Fairy .
仙女说："你想得到什么，你就可以有什么。"
I don't want to be hard on your daughter ; she shan't be pressed .
我不想对你女儿太严厉，她不会太受压的。
I promise that you shall see her again before long .
我保证你不久就能再见到她。
2）命令
You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。
She shall not stay in my garden .她不可以呆在我的花园里。
He shall not come into my study . 不许他进我的书房。
You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做。
3）决心（表示某事一定会发生）
That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。
It has been decided that he shall be given the job .
肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。
This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001
这个法律于2001年元月1日生效。
4）规定
Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .
租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after
receipt of the goods .卖方十月以前装运，买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。
should
（用作情态动词时，有时表示具体的意思，有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。）
1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .
你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。
You should write to your parents at least once a month .
你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We should read English aloud every morning .
我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They should do it for their own good .
为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。
2）表示对某种情况的估计
She shouldn't be out in such an early morning .
她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
This book should be published in two months at most .
这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。
3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.
我认为，竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why should I pay him for nothing 我干吗要无为地付给他钱？
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .
这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。
It's strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪，今天怎么会这么冷。
4）用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .
大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料，这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。
She stood away so that he should enter the room first .
她让到一边，好让他第一个进入房间。
I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .
带上雨伞，以防万一下雨。
will , would
（would可以看作是will的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。）
1）用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求（在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉）
Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes
请告诉她我二十分钟后回来，好吗？
If you want help, just let me know , will you
你需要帮助就告诉我，好吗？
Won't you come in and have a little whisky
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌？（或是：你进来喝一点儿威士忌，好吗？）
Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center
您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗？
2）用于表示愿望
Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay you at the rate you ask .我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure .他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They had to obey whether they would or not .他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。
3）表示习惯、倾向（可译成"总是会、老是，等" ）
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon .
有时侯，那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。
He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all .
他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时，什么都不干。
4）表示猜测（可译成"一定是……、想必……，等" ）
This will be the house you're looking for .这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。
The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right
你说的那个人一定是爸爸了，对吗？
That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。
5）will用于表示决心（可译成"一定要,决心，等" ）
We will never talk about that subject again .
我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night .
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。
6）would常用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well, I wouldn't worry about it . It won't do me any good .
好了，我不会担心那件事的，因为它不会给我带来什么好处。
2. 关于情态动词后面接进行式和完成式的情况
一般说来，"进行式"表示动作正在发生或进行；"完成式"则表示动作是发生在过去或是表示按理是发生了但事实上却没有发生。下面我们分别讨论一下各种具体情况。
A. 关于情态动词后面接进行式的情况
can后面接进行式 表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
What can she be doing at this moment 这个时候她会在做什么呢？
You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在对我将真话。
Can he be still thinking of it I told him
他会不会还在考虑我告诉他的那件事呢？
may后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home .
你妈妈可能正等着你回家吧。
She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day .
她或许明天或者什么时候会动身去纽约。
They may be returning back before Christmas .他可能圣诞节前回来。
might后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作，例如：
They might be planning to make a loan for their new project .
他们也许在为他们的新项目策划贷款的事。
She might still be crying for being wronged .
她或许因为受了冤枉还在啼哭。
You might be telling me a lie .你也许在对我撒谎。
must后面接进行式 表示想必正在做某事，例如：
You must be thinking where I learned it .你一定在想我是从哪儿知道这件事的。
They must be following us just a little behind us .
他们肯定在离我们不远的地方尾随着我们。
My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house .
家里这么安静，我弟弟一定在床上睡觉。
should后面接进行式表示应该正在做某事，例如：
You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.
现在你该在做作业而不是看电视。
You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way .
你不应该只用一种方法考虑解决问题的办法。
Why should I be waiting here without doing anything
我凭什么在这儿白等。
B.关于情态动词后面接完成式的情况
can后面接完成式 表示可能已经做了某事。例如：
He can't have left home because the television is on.
因为电视还开着所以他不会离开家了。
Where can they have gone 他们会去了哪儿呢？
You can't have finished the novel so soon .
你不可能这么快就看完了那本小说。
could后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
The output could have been increased by 15% .产量本可以提高百分之十五的。
How could he have forgotten him birthday 他怎么会忘了自己的生日呢？
Judging from her appearance and manner,she couldn't have been over fifty years old . 从她的仪表和举止来看，她不可能已有五十多岁了。
may后面接完成式 表示可能已经发生的动作。例如：
He may have had some training in Chinese Gongfu .他可能学过一些中国武术。
You may have narrowly missed her on your way to here.
你可能在来这儿的路上刚好与她错过了。
They may have seen that movie.他们或许看过那部电影。
might后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做。例如：
They might have finished their work by now .他们现在或许已经完成任务。
She might have done better than that .你本可以做得比这更好一些的。
You might have learned more from him . 你本可以向他学到更多一些东西的。
must后面接完成式 表示想必已经发生的事。例如：
You must have talked about it with her before hand .你一定事先与她谈过这件事。
It must have snowed last night for it's so cold this morning .
今天早晨这么冷，昨晚一定下雪了。
ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
They ought to have completed their work much earlier .
他们本应该在更早一些的时候完成他们的工作的。
You oughtn't to have left your keys in the office when you went out .
你不该出去的时候将钥匙留在办公室里。
I ought to have said it to her in a calmer mood .
我应该以更平静一些的语气对她说那件事的。
need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中，表示不必要做的事而已经做了。例如：
We needn't have read the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class .
我们在做快速阅读练习之前没有必要把阅读材料先看过了。
You needn't have apologized to him for nothing yesterday .
你昨天没有必要无为地向他道歉.
should后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如：
I should have written to you earlier. But I've really been busy .
我本应该早就给你写信的；不过我真的一直都很忙。
You shouldn't have left your son alone at home .
你不该将你儿子一个人留在家里的。
He shouldn't have broken the red light.
他不该闯红灯的。
3. 常用情态动词的用法比较
1）在表示"可能性"方面
can 、should 、may 、might这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性"。
但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同：
can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性；其中should的主观性较强，往往含有"应该会怎么样"的意思。总体上说，这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比，may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定，表示主观意断的可能性，没有足够的客观依据。其中，might的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如：
You can't expect to be a top student without working hard at your study .（这种可能性很大。因为，不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢？）
This book should be found easily in the library .（说话人认为，图书馆应该有很多这类书籍，所以应该很容易找到。）
You may meet her at the party today.（说话人认为，你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。）
You might mistake what I mean.（说话人婉转地说明，大概、也许你误会我的意思了。）
2）在表示"允诺"方面
在表示"允诺"的can ，may， might三个情态动词中，以might最为客气、委婉；may为居中；而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下，要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如：
You can leave now. （用于熟识的人之间；或是公事公办的情况。）
May I trouble you with a question （用于礼貌地提出请求。）
Might I have another cup of coffee （用于陌生或正式的场合，非常委婉、得体地提出请求。）
3）在表示"应该"方面
must ，ought， should都能用来表示"出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样"的意思。以must的语气最强烈；ought为居中；而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如：
We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization.(语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国，而且我们非得这样做不可。）我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。
Students ought to study hard .（这种用法较有针对性，较具体，作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。
Students should study hard .（这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。）
学生应该努力学习。
4）在表示"猜测"方面
在情态动词中can 、should 、may 、might 、must都可以用于表示"猜测"。实际上， "猜测"与"可能性"在逻辑上是有必然联系的。如果认为没有某种可能性，人们就不会作出某些猜测。因此，这里讨论的五个情态动词之间的区别与他们各自在表示"可能性"方面的差异是相关的。
-- 在五个情态动词中must的语气最为强烈，它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。
--can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但语气没有must那么肯定。其中should的主观性较强，往往表示说话人猜想"应该会怎么样"的意思。
--may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱、没有那么肯定，表示说话人根据自己的主观意断而进行的猜测，一般地说没有足够的客观依据。其中，might的语气更弱一些。例如：
As a football fan, he must have watched the football match on TV last night --Brazil vs. France.
（说话人料定自己的推测不会有错：哪有足球迷不看巴西队与法国队比赛的道理。）作为一个足球迷，他昨晚肯定看了那场巴西对法国的比赛。
He can't be out I just saw him a moment ago .
（他不可能出去，因为我刚刚还见过他。）他不可能出去，因为我刚才一会儿还见过他。
It's 2:30 .I think she should be in her office .
（现在两点半是上班时间，她应该在办公室。）现在两点半钟。她应该在她的办公室。
Brown may come back in ten minutes or so .
（布朗或许一会儿回来，也许不回。）布朗或许十分钟左右就会回来的。
I thought although she was clever she might have difficulty
learning a foreign language .
（尽管她很聪明，但也许在学习语言方面会有困难。）我认为，尽管她很聪明但也许在学习语言方面还是会有困难的。
情态动词练习题
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感彩。
①—Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
— No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today
—Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）
A． ought to tell B． would have told
C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it
— Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005年全国Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might
巩固练习：
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
例题答案
Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Key: B B D A Key: D C
Key：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A
Key：C Key：C C
练习答案与解析
1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
情态动词专项练习1
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go
C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up
C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked
C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella ”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way
A) will you suppose B)you suppose C)do you suppose D)you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
36) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
37) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
38) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ have been cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't B) shouldn't C) mustn't D) wouldn't
39) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
40) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
41) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ have changed his mind.
A) can't B) wouldn't C) must D) shouldn't
42) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C)should not go D)needn't have gone
43) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
44) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
45) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
46) I am feeling sick. I____ have eaten so much chocolate.
A) needn't B) couldn't C) mustn't D) shouldn't
47) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
48) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B)should asked C)must have asked D)should have asked
49) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
50) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
52) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
53)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
54) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
55) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
56)“Where ____ my umbrella ”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
57) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way
A) will you suppose B) you suppose C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
58) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
59) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
60) We ought to help each other in our work, ____
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
61) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
62) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
63) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
64) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
65) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
66) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
67) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
68) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
69) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
70) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
情态动词专项练习2
1.I thought you___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He_ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.
A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caught C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ─ It a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It .
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .
A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.
A. will; can B. may; can C. may; dare D. dare; can
27. ─Must we finish the composition in class
─No, you .
A. needn't B. mustn't C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .
A. must cry B. must be cried C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. must receive
C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
情态动词练习题答案
1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D
1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D
情态动词专项练习2
1.B 2.D 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C
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