高考英语专题复习 单项选择解题讲座课件三【还原法】
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| 名称 | 高考英语专题复习 单项选择解题讲座课件三【还原法】 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-07-06 18:06:00 | ||
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课件17张PPT。 英语单选解题法
----还原法题型分类指导系列课件单项填空这个考项集中考查以下三个方面：
1. 英语语法知识及其应用；
2. 对近义词或习惯用语的辨析；
3. 日常交际用语在具体语言情 景中的正确应用。
这三个方面各有其内在规律，因此了解这些规律掌握它们，就能逐渐练就答好单项填空的好功夫。 要想答好单项填空题，首先应具备扎实的基础知识，然后要有正确审题和分析考题的能力。在审题时，既要全面、仔细并正确理解所有的已知条件，又要心中明了该题检测的是哪方面的知识或能力。此外，正确熟练地使用应试中反复被证实行之有效的解题方法对应考生在高三复习中是极有帮助和益处的。高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但命题者有意把题干复杂化，改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题，应试者可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构，这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然，具体来说，可采用以下几种方法：一、将倒装句改成陈述句。由于倒装句的使用，句子的结构变得陌生，对于这类题，可将题干还原成一个陈述句。如：1.Whom would you rather have ___with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going 分析：本题题干改成陈述句，则应是：Would you rather have whom___with you ?这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。
测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。 2.Not until I came back ＿＿＿＿leave for work．
A． he did B． did he C． was he D． he was
分析： 题干为倒装语序，还原为正常语序为：He didn't leave for work until I came back．。因为在not...until 句型中，如果把not until...放于句首，主句要用倒装语序。故答案为B。
3.Never ___time come back again. A.will lose B. will lost C. will losing D. will to lose 分析；本题的答案选B。如果将这个句子改为陈述句后我们便可以很容易地看出其结构为：Lost time will never come back again.由于命题时将句子改写成倒装句，题目便具有很大的迷惑性。 二、将陈述句改为倒装句。我们首次接触时是一个倒装句，而命题者恰恰是有意地使用陈述句来命题。如：1.We had ____left home than it began to rain. A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly 分析：No sooner...than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考察知识点时，命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果把题干改成：____ had left home than it began to rain
.这道题的答案A也就变得十分清楚了
2.We had ___arrived at the train station when the train began to move. A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly 分析: 如果把本题改为倒装句,句子的结构就变得很熟悉了本题考察的是句型:hardly...when(一......就). 答案应为B. 三、去掉从句或插入语。命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语，造成主谓隔离。如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉，题干就会变得很简单。如：1.The person we spoke to ___no answer at first. A.make B.making C. makes D.made 分析；可以看出we spoke to是一个定语从句。将其去掉后，我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。故本题选用答案D。 2.Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A.to give B.gave C.will give D.giving 分析:do you think是一个插入语。如果把它去掉，那么答案C也就变得十分清楚了。
3、The days we looked forward to ____at last. A.comes B.to come C.came D.coming 分析：本题很容易被误认为介词to的后面要接动名词（即动词-ing的形式）。实际上we looked forward to是一个宾语从句。介词to有其相应的宾语。如果将这个从句去掉，就可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。答案应选C。 四、改被动句为主动句。由于被动句的使用，句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句，这类题就会变得清楚的多。 1.Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learns 分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time ____our lesson well,可以发现介词of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能在用动名词做宾语。应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。
2.He is ＿＿＿＿＿ to arrive on time．
A.hoped B.agreed C.expected D. promised分析：.题干可还原为We＿him to arrive on time．因为选项中只有expected后可接不定式作宾语补足语，构成expect sb. to dosth．C 2.The little boy was caught ___in the shop. A.to steal B.stealing C.steal D.stole分析：改为主动句，则为：The salesman caught the boy ___in the shop. 很容易看出考查的知识点是catch sb doing sth. 故应选B
五、改省略句为一个完整的句子。省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题，可恢复被省略的成分，使句子的结构变得明朗，进而选择合适的答案。1.——How long has this bookshop been in business? ——_____1982. A.After B.In C.Since D.From 分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子；This bookshop has been in business___1982.在所给的选项中只有since能同现在完成时连用。故答案为C2. ----How did you sleep last night﹖
----Like a log． Never slept＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A. well B. better C. best D.a better
分析： 题干为省略句。根据题意，答语可补充完整为：I slept like a log． I have never slept better than last night。 故答案为B。2.——What made her mother so angry? ——____the exam. A.Because she did n't pass
B.Her not passing C.She did n't pass
D.Because her not passing 分析：将答语部分补全应为：____the exam made her mother so angry.可以看出少了一个主语。而能用作主语的是答案B.这个选项是一个动名词的复合结构.
六、强调句型还原成简单句式例1． It was ＿＿＿＿＿ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
分析： 判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法就是用还原法。即去掉题干中的It is(was)...that(who)，如果句子仍然成立 -- 表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。此题去掉It was...that后，题干为＿＿＿＿computer games cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．，很容易看出本题应用-ing形式短语作主语，但无需用完成体。故答案为B。注意比较下面例子：
例2． It was 2004 ＿＿＿＿ you joined the football club．
A． who B． that C． when D． which分析： 运用还原法，去掉It was...(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。故答案为C。七、疑问句还原为陈述句例3． Is this book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time﹖
A． that B． one C． the one D． it分析：首先把疑问句还原成陈述句，题干即为This book is ＿＿＿＿you have been looking for all the time．。容易看出该题是一个缺少表语，且含有定语从句的主从复合句。不难看出，定语从句you have been looking for all the time修饰的先行词是主句的表语，而选项中只有the one符合。故答案为C。注意比较下面例子：
例4． Is this the book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time﹖
A． that B． one C． the one D． it分析： 还原题干为：This is the book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time．我们会发现空白处应为关系代词that或which，其引导定语从句修饰先行词the book。故答案选A。
八、 感叹句还原为陈述句例． ＿＿＿＿＿what little Tom said to his mother sounded!
A． what reasonable B． How a reasonable
C． How reasonable D． What a reasonable 分析： 题干为一感叹句，如果还原成陈述句，即：What little Tom said to his mother sounded＿＿＿＿!。很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。故答案为C。九、 复合句还原为简单句例. He suggested the problem worth paying attention ＿＿＿＿at the meeting．
A． to be discussed B． to being discussed
C． to discuss D． to discussing分析:本题容易误选B，误把being discussed当成 paying attention to的宾语。如果把此复合句还原成两个简单句: Hesuggested the problem ＿＿＿＿＿at the meeting．和The problem is worth paying attention to．。很容易看出空白处应填"（should）＋动词原形"，而worth paying attention to是修饰宾语从句主语the problem的。故答案为A。十、 固定短语还原例 That was ＿＿＿＿we had in London 3 years ago!
A． wonderful time B． a wonderful time
C． wonderful D． wonderfully分析 ：在某些复合句中，被修饰的先行词与定语从句中动词可构成固定短语。此句可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago．。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。故答案为B。I am sorry for the trouble I have put you ＿ the problem.
A.to solve B.of solving C. to of solving D.to have solved分析，本题容易误选A。其实，只要能看出复合句中put sb。to the trouble of doing sth．，就可得出答案C。实战练习：
1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , _____ , of course , made the others unhappy .
A. who B. which C. this D. What
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year .
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
3. 19. It is a rule in his family that ______ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family .
anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever4.It was already 10 o’clock ____ we got home last night. A. after B. before C. that D. when
5. Hardly _____ they left the factory. A. they finished the work when B. had they finished the work than C. had they finished the work when D. did they finish the work than
6. He never feels shameful though he is often found ____ in exams. A. to cheat B. cheat C. cheats D. cheating
7. Why is it ____ he doesn’t smoke much ____ he used to? A. that; as B. that; like C. because; as D. since; as8. .---Where did you see Lily yesterday? - ---It was in the school ____ she worked. A. where B. that C. which D. what
9. Is this school the one ____ you said we were going to work in your letter.
A. that B. where C. which D. in that
10. There are so many watches to_____, and I don’t know which one to _____. A. choose; choose B. choose; choose from C. choose from; choose from D. choose from; choose
11. How long have you stayed in Beijing? - ---_____. A.From 1987 B.Not very long ago C.Only last May D.Since last July
----还原法题型分类指导系列课件单项填空这个考项集中考查以下三个方面：
1. 英语语法知识及其应用；
2. 对近义词或习惯用语的辨析；
3. 日常交际用语在具体语言情 景中的正确应用。
这三个方面各有其内在规律，因此了解这些规律掌握它们，就能逐渐练就答好单项填空的好功夫。 要想答好单项填空题，首先应具备扎实的基础知识，然后要有正确审题和分析考题的能力。在审题时，既要全面、仔细并正确理解所有的已知条件，又要心中明了该题检测的是哪方面的知识或能力。此外，正确熟练地使用应试中反复被证实行之有效的解题方法对应考生在高三复习中是极有帮助和益处的。高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但命题者有意把题干复杂化，改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题，应试者可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构，这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然，具体来说，可采用以下几种方法：一、将倒装句改成陈述句。由于倒装句的使用，句子的结构变得陌生，对于这类题，可将题干还原成一个陈述句。如：1.Whom would you rather have ___with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going 分析：本题题干改成陈述句，则应是：Would you rather have whom___with you ?这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。
测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。 2.Not until I came back ＿＿＿＿leave for work．
A． he did B． did he C． was he D． he was
分析： 题干为倒装语序，还原为正常语序为：He didn't leave for work until I came back．。因为在not...until 句型中，如果把not until...放于句首，主句要用倒装语序。故答案为B。
3.Never ___time come back again. A.will lose B. will lost C. will losing D. will to lose 分析；本题的答案选B。如果将这个句子改为陈述句后我们便可以很容易地看出其结构为：Lost time will never come back again.由于命题时将句子改写成倒装句，题目便具有很大的迷惑性。 二、将陈述句改为倒装句。我们首次接触时是一个倒装句，而命题者恰恰是有意地使用陈述句来命题。如：1.We had ____left home than it began to rain. A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly 分析：No sooner...than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考察知识点时，命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果把题干改成：____ had left home than it began to rain
.这道题的答案A也就变得十分清楚了
2.We had ___arrived at the train station when the train began to move. A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly 分析: 如果把本题改为倒装句,句子的结构就变得很熟悉了本题考察的是句型:hardly...when(一......就). 答案应为B. 三、去掉从句或插入语。命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语，造成主谓隔离。如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉，题干就会变得很简单。如：1.The person we spoke to ___no answer at first. A.make B.making C. makes D.made 分析；可以看出we spoke to是一个定语从句。将其去掉后，我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。故本题选用答案D。 2.Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A.to give B.gave C.will give D.giving 分析:do you think是一个插入语。如果把它去掉，那么答案C也就变得十分清楚了。
3、The days we looked forward to ____at last. A.comes B.to come C.came D.coming 分析：本题很容易被误认为介词to的后面要接动名词（即动词-ing的形式）。实际上we looked forward to是一个宾语从句。介词to有其相应的宾语。如果将这个从句去掉，就可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。答案应选C。 四、改被动句为主动句。由于被动句的使用，句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句，这类题就会变得清楚的多。 1.Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learns 分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time ____our lesson well,可以发现介词of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能在用动名词做宾语。应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。
2.He is ＿＿＿＿＿ to arrive on time．
A.hoped B.agreed C.expected D. promised分析：.题干可还原为We＿him to arrive on time．因为选项中只有expected后可接不定式作宾语补足语，构成expect sb. to dosth．C 2.The little boy was caught ___in the shop. A.to steal B.stealing C.steal D.stole分析：改为主动句，则为：The salesman caught the boy ___in the shop. 很容易看出考查的知识点是catch sb doing sth. 故应选B
五、改省略句为一个完整的句子。省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题，可恢复被省略的成分，使句子的结构变得明朗，进而选择合适的答案。1.——How long has this bookshop been in business? ——_____1982. A.After B.In C.Since D.From 分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子；This bookshop has been in business___1982.在所给的选项中只有since能同现在完成时连用。故答案为C2. ----How did you sleep last night﹖
----Like a log． Never slept＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A. well B. better C. best D.a better
分析： 题干为省略句。根据题意，答语可补充完整为：I slept like a log． I have never slept better than last night。 故答案为B。2.——What made her mother so angry? ——____the exam. A.Because she did n't pass
B.Her not passing C.She did n't pass
D.Because her not passing 分析：将答语部分补全应为：____the exam made her mother so angry.可以看出少了一个主语。而能用作主语的是答案B.这个选项是一个动名词的复合结构.
六、强调句型还原成简单句式例1． It was ＿＿＿＿＿ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
分析： 判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法就是用还原法。即去掉题干中的It is(was)...that(who)，如果句子仍然成立 -- 表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。此题去掉It was...that后，题干为＿＿＿＿computer games cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．，很容易看出本题应用-ing形式短语作主语，但无需用完成体。故答案为B。注意比较下面例子：
例2． It was 2004 ＿＿＿＿ you joined the football club．
A． who B． that C． when D． which分析： 运用还原法，去掉It was...(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。故答案为C。七、疑问句还原为陈述句例3． Is this book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time﹖
A． that B． one C． the one D． it分析：首先把疑问句还原成陈述句，题干即为This book is ＿＿＿＿you have been looking for all the time．。容易看出该题是一个缺少表语，且含有定语从句的主从复合句。不难看出，定语从句you have been looking for all the time修饰的先行词是主句的表语，而选项中只有the one符合。故答案为C。注意比较下面例子：
例4． Is this the book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time﹖
A． that B． one C． the one D． it分析： 还原题干为：This is the book ＿＿＿＿ you have been looking for all the time．我们会发现空白处应为关系代词that或which，其引导定语从句修饰先行词the book。故答案选A。
八、 感叹句还原为陈述句例． ＿＿＿＿＿what little Tom said to his mother sounded!
A． what reasonable B． How a reasonable
C． How reasonable D． What a reasonable 分析： 题干为一感叹句，如果还原成陈述句，即：What little Tom said to his mother sounded＿＿＿＿!。很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。故答案为C。九、 复合句还原为简单句例. He suggested the problem worth paying attention ＿＿＿＿at the meeting．
A． to be discussed B． to being discussed
C． to discuss D． to discussing分析:本题容易误选B，误把being discussed当成 paying attention to的宾语。如果把此复合句还原成两个简单句: Hesuggested the problem ＿＿＿＿＿at the meeting．和The problem is worth paying attention to．。很容易看出空白处应填"（should）＋动词原形"，而worth paying attention to是修饰宾语从句主语the problem的。故答案为A。十、 固定短语还原例 That was ＿＿＿＿we had in London 3 years ago!
A． wonderful time B． a wonderful time
C． wonderful D． wonderfully分析 ：在某些复合句中，被修饰的先行词与定语从句中动词可构成固定短语。此句可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago．。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。故答案为B。I am sorry for the trouble I have put you ＿ the problem.
A.to solve B.of solving C. to of solving D.to have solved分析，本题容易误选A。其实，只要能看出复合句中put sb。to the trouble of doing sth．，就可得出答案C。实战练习：
1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , _____ , of course , made the others unhappy .
A. who B. which C. this D. What
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year .
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
3. 19. It is a rule in his family that ______ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family .
anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever4.It was already 10 o’clock ____ we got home last night. A. after B. before C. that D. when
5. Hardly _____ they left the factory. A. they finished the work when B. had they finished the work than C. had they finished the work when D. did they finish the work than
6. He never feels shameful though he is often found ____ in exams. A. to cheat B. cheat C. cheats D. cheating
7. Why is it ____ he doesn’t smoke much ____ he used to? A. that; as B. that; like C. because; as D. since; as8. .---Where did you see Lily yesterday? - ---It was in the school ____ she worked. A. where B. that C. which D. what
9. Is this school the one ____ you said we were going to work in your letter.
A. that B. where C. which D. in that
10. There are so many watches to_____, and I don’t know which one to _____. A. choose; choose B. choose; choose from C. choose from; choose from D. choose from; choose
11. How long have you stayed in Beijing? - ---_____. A.From 1987 B.Not very long ago C.Only last May D.Since last July