课件38张PPT。Unit 4 Earthquakes
languages points
1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you
must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你
必须立刻离开Shake（shook,shaken)
v.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动
n.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine.当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动When the train passed by,the earth shook seriously这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖The poor child was shaking with cold.联想记忆:
shake hands with sb.
shake one’s head/nod one’s head
shake sb by the hand=shake one’s hand
shake one’s fist at sb right away=right now=at once=immediately
立刻;马上
We must be off right away/right now.It’s eight .
请立刻把这篇文章打出来Please type this article out right away/right now
right away不可用于进行时态,right now还相当于
at this very moment;at present在此刻,此时,可用于
进行时态
他们正在录制唱片 They are making the record right now翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说
He is writing a novel right now.
现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活
Right now it is summer vocation and I’m helping
my dad on the farm.
2. For three days the water in the village wells rose
and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位
升升落落不停.
@rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升
n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现
Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.Prices continue to rise.
raise [reIz]( raised, raising)
vt.
抬高；举起
I will not raise a hand against you.
我不会做任何不利于你的事。
提高；增加
to raise salaries
提高工资他把手臂举过头顶。He raised his arms above his head.他们坚决要求提高工资They insisted on raising salaries rise 与 raise 上升，提高
The price of tomatoes has _________(rise,raise)
recently.
The price of the tomatoes has been ____ (rise,raise)recently.
He ____ (rise,raise)the child from the ground
The child ____(rise,raise) from the ground.roseraisedraisedrose3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.发臭的气体
从裂缝中冒出来。@smelly adj.有臭味的
eg:The food was smelly.扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood---- mud---- sun----- cloud----
rain---- wind--- taste---- dream----
ice---- greed---- fat---- fog-----4. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs
were too nervous to eat.@too…to… 太…以至于不能 (表否定)
口头翻译:
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军
Li Ping’s brother is too young to join the army.
=Li Ping’s brother is not old enough to join ….
听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来.
Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak.
“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，
是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”
“实在……””真是太……”等I am only too happy to teach you.我非常高兴教你们。He is but too glad to do so他非常喜欢这样做You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我们绝对不会老得不能获得歌曲带来的欢乐Too…to.. 结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/adv
Eg ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious etcShe is too ready to help other.他乐于助人。I am too eager to have a world trip.我很想去环球旅行扩展修饰单数名词
too+adj.+a+n:
I think she’s too kind a girl to refuse.扩展:5. In the city,the water pipes in some buildings
cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管
出现裂缝或者破裂.
@crack vi. 使开裂,破裂, eg:
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎The bottles made of glass easily crack when they
fell into the ground from the table.
n. 裂缝,裂纹
翻译:今天别去滑冰了-----冰上有危险的裂缝.Don’t go skating today---there are dangerous
cracks in the ice.镜子破裂了The mirror cracked.墙上有个裂缝There is a crack in the wall爆炸；胀裂；
突然而起；闯入burst (burst,burst;bursting)The balloon burst suddenly.气球突然爆炸了水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.(水库,堤坝等)决口河水冲毁了堤岸，淹没了村子The river burst its banks and flooded the town.
If you get much fatter you will burst your clothes.扩展:
burst into+n 突然….
burst into tears
burst into song
burst into leaf
burs into flower
她突然闯进门。She burst into the door.突然哭起来突然唱起来长出叶子开花burst out+v-ing :suddenly begin doing sth
burst out crying
burst out laughing
burst out singing
突然哭起来突然笑起来突然唱起来burst into the room 闯入房间
a burst of applause/anger/tears 一阵…..6.It seemed that the world was at an end.
似乎世界末日来临 @at en end 结束;终结
The war was at an end.区分: at the end of;by the end of; in the end.There is a big bookstore _____ this road.
There is a pretty bird singing _____ the tree.
How many English words had you learned ____ __
____________ last term.
He will be a scientist _____.
My father will return home _____ ______ this year.at the end ofat the end of by the end of in the end at the end ofbring/put ….to an end 使终止
come to an end. 结束
end up with 以….而告终
at the end (of ) :在……末尾，指时间和空间
by the end of :到……末为止
in the end : 最后，最终，不与of 连用其他词组：7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins
在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变为废墟.@ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n) Vt. 使毁灭
in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语战争给这个国家带来了毁灭The war brought ruin to the country.Our plan is in ruins我们的计划泡汤了暴风雨摧毁了农作物The storm ruined the crops.
那建筑物已断壁残垣
如果你继续这样愚蠢下去,你将自毁前程You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.The building is in ruins8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured
during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死
亡或受伤 injure vt.损害,受伤 adj. injured 受伤的,受委屈的He can't play today because he's injured his knee.
因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。
Among the dead and injured,there were six children.
死伤的人中，有六名儿童。
辨析:hurt,injure,wound
hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体
的受伤或疼痛.
wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤
damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示
“损害名誉,伤害感情等”
His words ______her feelings.
It ______the eyes to read in the sun.
More than 200 people were _________in the car
accident.
The soldiers were __________-in the battle.
hurthurtsinjuredwounded9. The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400 000.
伤亡的人数达到400 000.He sent his son to join the army as soon as he
reached 18.
Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.
We’ve got to reach an agreement about this
question.
The boy wasn’t tall enough to reach the branches.
The park reaches as far as the river.达到(指某种数目)抵达,传到达成(协议)得出(结论)伸手够到(某物)vi.延伸10. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,哪里一切都几乎被
毁坏了. everywhere=wherever =no matter where 在这里做连词用,引导状语从句.如: Everywhere he appeared, he was popular.无论他出现在哪里，他都是受欢的无论他去哪，他的狗都跟着他。Everywhere he goes,his dogs follows him.
everywhere pron. 到处，处处我们到处找你。We have looked everywhere for you.到处是深谷 Everywhere are deep valleys.11.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again
数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了@tens of thousands of 数以万计的
hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的
hundreds of thousands 数以十万计的
thousands of 数千计的
millions of 数百万计的
scores of 许许多多的
dozens of 许多，大量 12. People were shocked. 人们感到震惊.
.I was shocked at the news of her death.He was shocked to know he had been cheatedLiu xiang shocked the whole world (2)n. 打击,震惊,休克
The shock of the failure in the exam made her ill. It gave me quite a shock to learn that he had married again.
The patient went into another shock.@shock vt.&n.
(1)vt. Cause a shock to sb.使某人吃惊,使愤慨13. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were
trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被
困在废墟中
@rescue vt. 援救;营救 rescue sb from sb/sth
救出一孩子免于溺毙
rescue a child from drowning解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。
The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling
house.
n. 援救, 营救
a rescue team; a rescue mission.
救援队；营救任务
@trap (trapped,trapped) n.陷阱，圈套
vt. 使受限制(困)于;诱骗The car was trapped in the deep snow. 15.people began to wonder how long the disaster
would last. 人们开始困惑这灾难要持续多久@disaster (c.n.)灾难,灾祸,灾害 adj. disastrous
adv. disastrously16. The army organized teams to dig out those who
are trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成救援队
挖掘那些受困的人们并埋葬死者。
bury vt. (1)place (a dead body) in the ground埋葬
eg: He was buried with his wife.
(2)hide 掩埋 隐藏,
Our dog buries its bones in the garden.
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她双手掩面哭了起来.
(3)短语:bury oneself in the country 隐居乡间
bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物,专心致志于某事
be buried in thoughts/memories of the past
沉思/回忆往事
@dig out 掘出;发现 eg:
他把狐狸从洞中掘出来了，He dug out the fox from/dug the fox out of the hole. to dig information out of books 从书本挖掘知识
to dig out truth 寻求真理17.To the north of the city,most of the 10 000
miners were rescued from the coal mines.
在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救
出。@表方位介词in,to与on
in表示“在其中”,在境内;to表示“向”的意思,在境外
on 表示与境界相接.Japan lies ____ the east of Asia.
Japan lies ____ the east of China.
Fujian lies ______the northeast of Duangdong.
intoon18.Fresh water was taken to the city by train……@fresh adj.新鲜的, 无经验的, 生的,(水)淡的
fresh water------------salt water
fresh fruit/air/vegetables
a fresh hand(新手,初学者)
freshman----sophomore----junior----senior 课件45张PPT。Unit 4
Earthquake基础知识自测一﹑单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。
1. ___________ [bE:st] v. 爆裂，爆发
2. ___________ [ruin] n. &v.废墟，毁灭
3. ___________ [iks5tri:m] adj. 极端的，极度的
4.____________ [5indVE] v. 损害，伤害
5.____________ [dis5trCi] vt. 破坏，毁坏
6. ____________[5ju:slis] adj. 无用的，无效的
7. ____________[FCk] n. & vt. 震惊，震动
8. ____________[5reskju:] n. & v. 援救
9. ____________[5fraitn] vt. 使惊吓
10. ___________[dVQdV] v. & n. 判断，法官burstruinextremeinjuredestroy useless shockrescuefrightenjudge 11. ____________ [iks5pres] vt. 表达
12. ____________ [5sQfEriN] n. 苦难， 痛苦
13. ____________ [sin5siEli] adv. 真诚地，真挚地
14. ____________ [5beri] vt. 埋葬，掩埋
15.___________[trAp] n. & vt. 陷阱，使 陷入困境
16. ______________ [sE5vaivE] n. 幸存者
17. ______________ [Ilek5trIsItI] n. 电
18. ______________ [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸
19. ______________ [kEn7^rAtju5leiFEn] n. 祝贺
20._______________ [kE5nAl] n.运河，水道canal expresssufferingsincerely bury trap survivorelectricitydisaster congratulation 二﹑单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。
1. A lot of pipes ________and tens of thousands of house were ________ in the earthquake.
2. The _________ weather _____ ___the natives a lot of whom were __________
3. Cars were _______ as almost all roads and bridges were _________. People were __________as no one came to their_______ after disaster happened.
4. The plaintiffs __________their gratitude to the __________ who extended justice for them.judges burstruinedextremeshockedinjureduselessdestroyedfrightenedrescue expressed5. He was one of the __________ in the earthquake. (survive)
6. Suez _______ is controlled by Egypt.
7. Without ___________, our world would become dark and totally different. (electrical)
8. We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many __________ (suffer)
9. I would like to express my _________________ on you for your great success in the competition.
10. I am _________ sorry for the trouble I have caused to you. (sincere) sincerely survivorsCanalelectricitysufferingsCongratulations三﹑词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The food smells so _______. We should throw it away. (smell)
2. The entire nation consider it a ___________ pride to host the Olympic Games (nation)
3. Alex’s mother ____________ her dissatisfaction with his room in which all windows and floor were covered with ______. (expression/dirty)
4. Fortunately, all miners trapped in the mines survived though some ___________ suffered minor __________. ( survive/injure)
5. This is ____________ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game. (shock)
6. The conditions there are ____________ difficult. Please take more equipment, which may be very_____________
for you. (extreme/ use)usefulsmelly national expresseddirt survivorsinjuries shockingextremely四﹑词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。
1.________________ 立刻，马上
2.________________ 突然
3._________________ 仿佛，好像
4._________________ 结束，终结
5._________________ 成为废墟，破败不堪
6._________________ 挖掘，发现
7.___________________ 大量的
8.______________________ 对…… 不重视
9.______________________ 成千上万的
10.____________________ 三分之二 right away burst into/outas ifat an endin ruinsdig outa (great) numberthink little oftens of thousands oftwo-thirds of 11. be too nervous to eat _______________
12. rescue …from… ___________________
13. to the north of the city ______________
14. jump out of ____________________
15. describe to sb ______________
16. everywhere they look ____________
17. useless pieces of steel ____________
18. fall down ___________________
19. rescue workers _______________
20. congratulations on sb _________________向某人祝贺 太紧张而不吃东西从 中拯救出来城市以北从 ……跳出来向某人描述目光所及之处废铁倒塌， 倒下救援人员五﹑词组运用
词组填空 根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。
1. ________________ spectators _________ laughter as the performance was so amusing.
2. You should leave for the meeting ____________as it is going to be __________soon.
3. The old house lay________. So the owner had to ______ his valuables in the dust with shovels.
4. ___________ of people interviewed _______________ what had happened, which led to ____________________ casualties.
5. It seems _________ it is going to rain again. Let’s move inside. A great number ofburst intoright awayat an endin ruinsdig outTwo-thirdsthought little oftens of thousands ofas if翻译句子 根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。
6 救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。
The rescue workers found a survivor ________________________________
7 目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。
Everywhere we looked,___________________________
8 他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。
He described to us how ____________________________
9 在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。
________________________________________.There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.in the house that had fallen down.all lay in ruins.he was rescued from the ruins.六、介词填空 ?请用恰当的介词填空。
1. No one helped me. I did it all myself.
2. If you keep ______, you’ll succeed time.
3. Judging ___________ his accent, he must come ________ Sichuan.
4. Only ______ this way can you succeed.
5. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.With byon in from/byfrom in 6. I owe thanks ______ you ______ your unselfish help.
7. She has been married _____ a young worker.
8. ----What time is it now?
---- It is seven______ my watch.
9. The tables in that restaurant are so close together that there’s little space _________ them.
10. I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
to for to bybetweenasLanguage Data BankLanguage Points for Reading IImagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. (P25)
Shake : vi /vt (shook ,shaken)
Shake hands with sb
Shake one’s head over /at sth
The whole house shook during the explosion.
The explosion shook the house.
Please shake the bottle before taking.
The host shook hands with all the guests.
Nothing can shake our determination to overcome the difficulty.
He shook his head in answer to my question.
right away: right now ; at once ; immediately
I am getting in touch with him right away.
Language Points for Reading I2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (Para 1, Line 1)
rise(rose,risen) vi
go up; get higher; (of the sun, moon, stars,etc.)
come above the horizon; stand up ,
get out of bed
The flood has risen two feet.
She usually rises early in the morning.rise & raiserise: 升起； 上升； 上涨（不能用于被动语态）
raise: 举起 ； 使升起； 提高（可用于被动语态）
He raised a heavy box over his head.
We must raise the living standard of the people .
Food prices are still rising.
3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (Para 1, Line 3)
smelly adj. 发臭的
wind----windy dream----dreamy ice----icy
too···to ·····＝so that
This book is too difficult for me to read.
=This book is so difficult that I can not read.
4. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (Para 1, L6)
burst (burst, burst)
(1).vi. break open or in pieces suddenly;
e.g. When he was riding ,the tire burst.
(2).vi. come or go suddenly or violently
e.g. The house burst into flames.
The girl burst into tear.
(3).n. bursting, outbreak
e.g. a burst of laughter/applause
5. …went to bed as usual that night. (Para1, Line 8)
as usual 照常，惯常
As usual, it rained on my birthday.
6. It seemed that the world was at an end.(Para 2, Line 1)
at an end 世界末日 come to an end 结束
The meeting came to an end at midnight.
at the end of 在……的尽头/最后
At the end of the road you’ll find a shop.
He is at the end of his patience.7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin. (Para 2, Line 5)
lie(lay,lain) (v.)
to be, remain or be kept in a certain state
e.g. The village lay in ruins after the war.
in ruins: severly damaged or destroyed 毁坏
e.g. An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
n. be/lie in ruins
sth. left after destruction,decay or downfall 废墟 ，遗迹
v. damage , destroyed 损坏，毁灭
e.g. The fire ruined the house8. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.(para 2, Line 6)
injure : v. to hurt oneself /sb /sth physically受伤
e,.g. He fell of the bicycle in car accident.
Smoking will injure your health.
two-thirds
分子用基数（one， two…)，分母用序数词(first, second…..)，当分子超过1时，分母的词尾加s
1/6 one-sixth
1/3 one-third
2/3 two-thirds
9.People were shocked. (Para 3, Line 7)
shock ：n. [U] [C] 打击；震惊， 震动
vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
shocking : adj. 使人震惊的
The news of his wife’s death was a terrible
shook to him.
You will get a shock if you touch the live wire.
I was shocked by his rudeness.
His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.the number of : a quantity of people or things.
a number of : a lot of
reach(v) to achieve or obtain sth.
达成（某事物）；达到，获得
e.g. At last we reached a decision.
You’ll understand it when you reach my age.
destroy: v. to damage sth severely; ruin
e.g. An atom bomb would destroy a city.
All his hopes are destroyed.
instead of : in place of; rather than
代替，而不是
e.g. He did the work instead of his father.
I’ll go to the cinema this afternoon
instead of doing my homework. rescue: to save or set free from harm,
danger,or loss
e.g. He rescued the man from drowning.
n. Act of rescuing 解救； 营救
All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all not = not all; some but not all .一些，但不是全部
e.g. Not all the boys left.(=Only some of them left)
Grammar 定语从句 The Attributive Clause Grammar (5m)
Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.Rosethe lady/meet Jack on TitanicRose is
met Jack on TitanicJackthe young man /want to save Rosethe man /want to kill JackCalJack is
wanted to save RoseCal is wanted to kill Jack.the lady whothe young man whothe man whothe ship/sink into the oceanthe ship/is the most beautiful
in the world at that time Titanic is
sank into the ocean.Titanic is
was the most beautiful in the word at that time.the ship thatthe ship thatthe Heart of Oceanthe diamond/is worn by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was worn by Rose.the diamond/is dropped
into the ocean by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was dropped into the ocean by Rose the diamond
thatthe diamond that
born in 1847/ man/ invent the first telephone
Bell who was born in 1847 is the man that invented the first telephone. 引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that which who whom whose 1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主语）2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（宾语）3)Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.（主语）4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’sister.（宾语） 2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1) They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (主语 )3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语） 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （宾语） 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of . The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. 关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语NOTE that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。NOTEAre you clear now? OK . Let’s do some exercise!Function-I----practice (3m)3. The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose1. The earthquake___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We don’t know the number of people ____________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquakethat / which that / who which /that 6. Harry is the boy ________ mother is our maths teacher .4. A house ____________ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake .which / thatwho/whom/thatwhoseAnswer keys for “Discovering useful structures”Ex. 2 on Page 281 who
2 that/which
3 which/that
4 whose
5 whoseFunction-II----practice (2m)1.The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京 2002春季)
A、where B、when C、which D、who
答案 D
真题解析：本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star（著名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词who。
高考链接The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A、until B、that C、when D、where
答案 C
真题解析：本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。高考链接3._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A、It B、As C、That D、what
答案 B
真题解析：本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是“正如……..”，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当as在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：as is know，as is said，as is reported 等，所以本题的答案是B。高考链接The End
