语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主谓之间的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
把主动语态变成被动语态，是把助动词be变为主动态，动词原来的时态，再加上主要动词的过去分词。主动态，动词的主语这时变成被动态动词的施动者。这个施动者常常被提到。可置于by之后或放在从句的后面。
This chair was made by my father.
3. 各个进行时态的被动态，要求用be的进行时加上主要动词的过去分词，be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用。
主动态：They are repairing the bridge.
被动态：The bridge is being repaired.
主动态：Thery were carrying the injured player off the field.
被动态：The injured player was being carried off the field.
4. 助动词+动词原形结构可借助被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态： You must should shut these doors.
被动态： These doors mustshould be shut.
表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+不定式，由不定式的被动式结成其被动语态。
主动态：He wants someone to take photographs.
被动态：He wants photographs to be taken .
表示命令、请求、劝告、邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式，可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态：He invited me to go.
被动态：I was invited to go.
但是，如果是advisebegorderrecommendurge +间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构，则可以构成两种被动语态：
主动态：He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
被动态：1 The Council was urged to reduce the rates.
2 He urged that the rates should be reduced.
至于agreebe anxious be determinedecidedemand +不定式+宾语，则通常用that ----should 的结构表示被动，同上第二种方式：
主动态：He decided to sell the house.
被动态：He decided that the house should be sold.
5. 被动态通常用于以下各种情况：
动作的实施者很明显，没有必要提到时：
The streets are swept every day.
不知道，不确定或忘记了谁是施动者时：
The minister was murdeded.
主动动词的主语是人们时：
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods.
对所做的事情比对做事的人更感兴趣时：
The house next door has been bought (by a Mr.Jones)
使用被动语态，可避免说出别扭或不合语法的句子时：
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
最好表示为：When he arrived home he was arrested(by a detective).
6. 用 have +宾语+过去分词表示被动关系：
7. 用在被动语态后面的不定式通常带 的不定式，尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带 的不定式：
主动态：We saw them go out. 被动态：They were seen to go out
主动态：He made us work.
被动态：We were made to work.
然而，惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to :
主动态：They let us go.
被动态：We were let go.
8. 注意英语中有些情况不能用被动语态：
1) 所有的不及物动词和某些短语，如：
happen enterbreak out belong to date fromlose hearttake place
2) 某些动词形态上是助动结构，但却表示被动意义，如表示状态特征的系动词：
look feel smell taste soundproveappear等
The idea sounds interesting.
Good medicine tastes bitter.
又如某些可以与easily ,well等副词连用的动词。
Readsellwritewashcleanweighmeasurewear
The cloth washed easily.
This kind of goods sells well.
3) 有些动词形式上是被动的，但意义却是主动的，如：
He is seated on a bench.
He is engaged in research.
9. 下列句型常用被动语态：
He is said that – 据说——
He is believed that— 人们相信——
He is hoped that – 人们希望——
He is well known that-- ---众所周知——
Practice:
Nowadays Chinese food ___ to be the healthiest one in the world.
A. considers B. is considered C. will consider D. will be considered
All the preparations for the task ____, and we are ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
--You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? – Yes, but much___
A. remains to do B. is remained to do C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done
I ____ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
----Have you moved into the new house? -----Not yet, the rooms _____.
are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ___fresh for several days .
be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
The reporter said that the UFO ____east to west when he saw it .
was travelling B. travelled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
The price___, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
A railway ____between the two cities at present.
A. built B. has built C. are building D. is being built
The thief ____by a policeman in plainclothes.
has been closely watching B. watches closely
C. has closely watched D. is being closely watched
It____to us for many years that the moon has no air.
A. has been known B. are known C. knows D. has known
14.When you come to our college again, a new building_____.
A. will have built B. will be building C. will build D. will have been built
15.He ___in the countryside but he ____in the city.
is born ;was brought up B. was born ; was brought up
born ;brought up D. is born ;brings up
16.All the traffic _____as a road accident _____.
was held up ;was occurred B. was held up; had occurred
C. was held up ;has occurred D. held up; occurred
17. When the bank ____three weeks ago, the police were there waiting for the robbers.
A. were broken into B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into D. was broken into
18.That house is very dirty. You can see it ____for quite a few days .
A. isn’t cleaned B. hasn’t been cleaned
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hadn’t been cleaned
19.The appointment _____some other time. It is raining hard.
A. should have made B. should have been made
C. must have been making D. may make
20.I told the lady that the seat _____already.
A. had taken B. took C. was taken D. had been taken
NMET：
1. 1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had cost B. costed C. is cost D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written
13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
答案：1---5BDCCA 6---10BABAC
11---15 DDADB 16--20BDBBD
1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
