(共33张PPT)
八、名词性从句
考点1
主语从句
1.
that连接主语从句时,
没有具体意思,
不充当句子成分,
只是起标志性的作用,
但that不能省略。what引导时,
既要在从句中充当成分,
又有意义。
It
never
occurred
to
me
that
you
could
succeed
in
persuading
him
to
change
his
mind.
我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。
2.
whether连接从句时,
表示怀疑,
不能省略,
意为“是否”,
在句首时不能用if替换。
It
is
still
under
discussion
whether
the
old
bus
station
should
be
replaced
with
a
modern
hotel
or
not.
旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。
3.
连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,
并在从句中充当句子成分。
It
was
never
clear
why
the
man
hadn’t
reported
the
accident
sooner.
这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故,
还不清楚。
4.
主语从句要用陈述语序,
即主谓语序。
【点津】(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有:
①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/
wrong/important/certain等)+that从句
②It+be+名词(短语)(a
pity/a
shame/no
wonder等)+that从句
③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句
④It+特殊动词(seems,
appears,
happens,
matters)+that从句
It
is
a
pity
that
I
missed
the
party
held
last
night.
很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。
It
is
reported
that
the
accident
was
caused
by
carelessness.
据报道,
该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。
(2)在It
is
necessary/important/suggested/advised/
ordered+that从句结构中,
从句用“(should+)动词原形”。
【典例剖析】用适当的连词填空
(2015·广东高考)Now
it
occurred
to
him________his
farm
had
much
potential
and
that
the
death
of
the
cow
was
a
bit
of
luck.
解题关键:
固定句型“it
occurred
to
sb.
+that从句”表示“某人突然想到”,
it是形式主语,
真正的主语是that引导的从句。
答案判定:
that
【高考题组】用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·江苏高考)It
is
often
the
case
____
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)It
struck
me
____
playing
against
the
other
team
was
a
great
learning
moment
for
all
the
girls
on
the
team.
that
that
3.
(2015·陕西高考)If
one
is
late
for
a
job
interview,
it
is
not
likely
____
he
will
get
the
job.
4.
(2014·全国卷)Exactly
_____
the
potato
was
introduced
into
Europe
is
uncertain,
but
it
was
probably
around
1565.
5.
(2013·湖北高考)_____
delighted
the
fans
was
that
the
young
player
performed
extremely
well
in
the
table
tennis
tournament.
that
when
What
考点2
宾语从句
1.
that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that),
没有具体的意思,
不充当句子成分,
只是起连接作用。what引导时,
既要在从句中充当成分,
又有意义。
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
that
my
uncle
is
going
to
your
city
for
a
conference.
我写信是想告诉你我叔叔要去你的城市开会。
2.
在whether/if连接的宾语从句中,
whether/if意为“是否”(但在whether.
.
.
or
not结构中,
或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时,
以及whether+to
do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave,
put,
discuss,
doubt,
know等)的宾语时,
只能用whether,
不能用if来替换)。
We’ve
offered
her
the
job,
but
I
don’t
know
whether
she’ll
accept
it.
我们已经为她提供了这份工作,
但我不知道她是否会接受。
I
don’t
know
whether
to
leave
or
not.
我不知道是否要离开。
3.
连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略,
并在从句中充当句子成分。
Our
teachers
always
tell
us
to
believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
老师总是告诉我们,
如果想要成功,
就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。
4.
有些动词或动词短语,
如like,
hate,
appreciate,
depend
on,
see
to等,
一般不直接跟从句,
需要借助it。
You
may
depend
on
it
that
she
will
go
with
you.
你可以相信她会与你一起去。
5.
当主句的主语是第一人称时,
在think,
believe,
suppose,
expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的,
就运用否定转移,
将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。
I
don’t
believe
she
will
attend
the
meeting.
我认为她不会来参加该会议。
6.
it作形式宾语,
真正的宾语后置,
常用此种结构的及物动词有find,
make,
think,
feel,
consider等。
I
find
it
important
that
we
should
keep
calm
in
face
of
danger.
我发现我们在危险面前保持镇静是很重要的。
7.
不论主句为何种句型,
宾语从句都用陈述语序。
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He
found
where
his
parents
were
missing.
解题关键:
句意:
他发现父母不见了。found后面接宾语从句,
where表示在哪里,
不符合句意。that引导宾语从句在从句中不作成分,
只起连接作用,
而且在此句中可以省略。
答案判定:
where改为that或者去掉where
【高考题组】单句改错/用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My
uncle
is
the
owner
of
a
restaurant
close
to
that
I
live.
(改错)
_____________
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We
would
especially
welcome
articles
about
____
Americans
spend
their
holidays
and
festivals.
that改为where
how
3.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I
hope
____
I
will
work
in
a
computer
company
as
a
program
designer.
4.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I
will
do
a
good
job
in
________
I
do.
5.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)They
come
to
Lehanne’s
group
just
to
learn
to
say
_____
they
feel.
6.
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)I
wonder
_________
you
could
sell
some
Chinese
knots
for
me.
that
whatever
what
if/whether
考点3
表语从句
1.
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,
that不能省略,
没有具体的意思,
不充当句子成分,
只是起连接作用。what引导时,
既要在从句中充当成分,
又有意义。
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The
end
result
is
that
we
feel
like
we
can’t
focus
or
that
we’re
focused
on
the
wrong
things.
最后的结果是我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。
2.
whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句,
为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略,
意为“是否”,
不能用if替换。
His
question
is
whether
they
can
be
friends.
他的问题是他们能否成为朋友。
3.
连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略,
并在从句中充当句子成分。
I’d
like
to
start
my
own
business—that’s
what
I’d
do
if
I
had
the
money.
如果我有这么多钱,
我会自己做买卖,
那就是我想做的事情。
4.
表语从句要用陈述语序,
即主谓语序。
【点津】常见的表语从句句型:
(1)It
looks/seems
as
if.
.
.
好像……;
仿佛……
(2)This
is
because.
.
.
这是因为……(强调原因)
(3)The
reason
why.
.
.
is
that.
.
.
……的原因是……
(4)That
is
why.
.
.
那就是……的原因(强调结果)
(5)The
question/problem
is
whether/when/where.
.
.
问题是……
(6)His
dream/suggestion/aim/purpose
is
that.
.
.
他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……
(7)what从句+be+that从句
例如:
What
surprised
us
most
was
that
he
came
late
again.
【典例剖析】用适当的连词填空
(2015·陕西高考)My
only
mistake
was________I
dropped
some
on
the
floor
when
I
was
packing
them
up.
解题关键:
引导表语从句that在从句中不作成分,
只起到连接作用。
答案判定:
that
【高考题组】用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·北京高考)The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
____
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
2.
(2015·福建高考)The
first
thing
I
would
say
is
____
the
way
you
begin
the
conversation
is
very
important.
that
that
3.
(2013·四川高考)Home
is
______
we
can
remember
pain,
love,
and
some
other
experiences.
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)It
seemed
____
something
clicked
with
the
girls
between
Saturday
and
Sunday.
5.
(2015·四川高考)That’s
____
it
all
started.
6.
(2015·天津高考)The
finest
and
happiest
years
of
our
lives
were
not
_____
all
the
debts
were
paid.
where
that
how
when
考点4
同位语从句
在名词性从句中,
同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句,
虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过,
但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。
1.
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,
that不能省略,
没有具体的意思,
不充当句子成分,
只起连接作用。what引导时,
既要在从句中充当成分,
又有意义。另外,
注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。
When
the
news
came
that
the
war
broke
out,
he
decided
to
serve
in
the
army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时,
他决定到军队中服役。
2.
连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略,
并在从句中充当句子成分。
The
question
whether
we
need
it
has
not
been
considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
3.
同位语从句要用陈述语序,
即主谓语序。九、情态动词和虚拟语气
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
If
only
I
________
turn
back
time,
I
would
scold
him
severely.
2.
If
God
existed,
there
________________
be
neither
suffering
nor
pain.
3.
She
never
had
a
chance
to
be
educated
when
she
was
a
child
because
her
parents
________
not
afford
to
send
her
to
school.
4.
If
he
________
fail
to
come,
ask
Tom
to
work
in
his
place.
5.
I
________
be
grateful
to
receive
a
reply
at
your
earliest
convenience.
6.
If
I
were
crying
alone,
I
________
hope
that
someone
would
stop
and
wipe
away
my
tears.
答案：1.
could
2.
would/should/could/might
3.
could
4.
should
5.
would
6.
would
Ⅱ.
语法知识与写作
1.
如果我们太粗心而丢失了它们,
我们就会感到难过而且生活有可能会很麻烦。
If
we
were
careless
to
lose
them,
we________________and
our
life
might
be
troublesome.
2.
而且只有用这种方式我们才能保持美好的心情并能好好学习。
And
only
in
this
way________________and
study
well.
3.
我们需要这种能直接指出我们的错误并且拥有和我们一样的生活目标的朋友。
We
need
such
friends________________and
who
have
the
same
life
goals
as
us.
4.
我要代表学校对你们的贡献表达我们真诚的感谢。
________________________________on
behalf
of
the
school
for
your
contribution.
5.
对于面试我随时有空。如果能得到您的录取我将不胜感激。
I’m
available
for
interview
at
any
time.
________________if
I
could
get
your
offer.
答案：1.
would
feel
upset
2.
can
we
keep
a
good
mood
3.
who
can
point
out
our
mistakes
directly
4.
I
would
like
to
express
our
sincere
gratitude
5.
I
would
appreciate
it
Ⅰ.
语法知识与改错
1.
She
can’t
remember
your
phone
number,
and
she
like
a
cup
of
tea.
________________________
2.
However,
I
will
more
careful
next
time.
________________________
3.
Besides,
it
will
convenient
for
you
to
get
around
the
city.
________________________
4.
Therefore
we
strongly
suggested
that
similar
events
are
held
every
year.
________________________
5.
The
answer
sheet
must
cut
from
the
newspaper
and
sent
to
China
Daily
after
the
deadline.
________________________
6.
Some
decisions
are
so
important
that
they
shouldn’t
made
without
talking
to
others
first.
________________________
答案：1.
like前添加would
2.
will后添加be
3.
will后添加be
4.
are改为be
5.
must后加be
6.
shouldn’t后加be
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Can
you
imagine
the
world
full
of
crying
and
shouting,
covered
in
darkness
However,
it’s
not
just
a
joke.
It’s
a
real
1.
__________(describe)of
a
world
without
happiness
and
laughter.
If
you
compare
our
life
to
a
pie,
what
would
you
put
in
if
you
2.
__________
(be)in
charge
of
making
the
pie
3.
__________(obvious),
many
people
would
add
as
much
happiness
as
possible.
It’s
happiness
4.
__________stands
for
sweetness
in
most
people’s
minds.
Don’t
think
of
it
just
as
a
comparison.
Happiness
is
a
flower
5.
__________
(live)in
the
sunshine,
and
it
is
not
difficult
to
reach
for
it.
We
have
a
variety
of
6.
__________(emotion)like
sadness,
anger,
fear,
enthusiasm
and
happiness,
and
they
all
appear
naturally
when
something
7.
__________(affect)our
feelings.
So,
only
if
we
can
change
our
attitude
towards
things
in
the
world
8.
__________we
certainly
adjust
our
emotions.
It
means
that
we
can
choose
to
be
happy
if
we
want
to,
as
long
as
we
view
everything
in
9.
__________positive
way.
If
we
can
be
happy,
why
not
choose
to
be
Let’s
try
together
to
create
a
world
10.
__________(fill)with
smiling
faces
and
sunshine.
【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们幸福其实是一种选择。
1.
【解析】description。考查词性转换。此空在形容词real后,
故用名词形式。
2.
【解析】were。考查虚拟语气。此处表示对现在的虚拟,
故条件状语从句中用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】Obviously。考查词性转换。修饰动词、形容词、副词,
或整个句子,
作状语,
用副词形式。本句中使用obviously修饰整个句子。
4.
【解析】that。考查强调句。强调句的结构:
it+be+被强调部分+that+主谓句。
5.
【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。此处live和flower是主动关系,
故用现在分词作后置定语。
6.
【解析】emotions。考查名词单复数。从空格后可以看出,
此处情感不止一种,
故用复数形式。
7.
【解析】affects。考查主谓一致。不定代词作主语,
谓语动词用单数形式。
8.
【解析】can。考查倒装。only+状语放在句首,
用部分倒装,
can在此处表示“能”。
9.
【解析】a。考查冠词。in
a
positive
way为固定搭配,
意为“以一种积极的方式”。
10.
【解析】filled。考查非谓语动词。本句中名词world与动词fill之间构成被动关系,
所以使用过去分词短语在句中充当定语修饰world。
【变式备选】
Let’s
try
together
to
use
smiling
faces
and
sunshine__________(fill)the
world.
【解析】to
fill。句意:
让我们用笑脸和阳光去填满这个世界。根据句意,
可判断此处作目的状语,
故用不定式。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Once
upon
a
time,
it
was
a
boy
whose
parents
named
him
Odd(古怪的).
Other
children
teased
him
about
his
name
but
kept
him
at
a
distance,
thinking
that
he
was
very
strange
and
behaved
stupid.
Deeply
hurt,
he
refused
to
be
bothered
and
struggle
to
break
away
from
the
pain.
He
tried
to
keep
people
off
teasing
him,
but
in
vain.
People
continued
making
fun
of
his
name—even
after
he
became
a
successful
lawyer.
Finally,
as
a
old
man,
he
wrote
out
his
last
wish,
“I’ve
been
the
butt(笑柄)of
jokes
all
my
life.
I’ll
let
others
make
fun
of
myself
after
I’m
gone.
”He
insisted
his
tombstone
not
to
bear
his
name.
After
his
death,
people
passing
by
noticed
the
largest
blank
stone
and
said
loudly,
“Look,
that’s
odd.
”
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中it→there。考查there
be结构。句意:
从前有一个男孩,
他的父母给他起名古怪。there
be结构表示“存在、有”,
it’s表示“它是……”,
或者it为形式主语,
两种表达方式在含义上有着明显的区别。另外,
there
be结构不能和表示“有”之意的have/has连用。
2.
【解析】第二句中but→and。句意:
其他的孩子取笑他的名字并和他保持一定距离。
3.
【解析】第二句中stupid→stupidly。句中副词stupidly修饰动词behaved。stupid为形容词,
意为“愚蠢的”。
4.
【解析】第三句中struggle→struggled。根据前面出现的refused
to
be
bothered和连词and可知,
此处也应该用一般过去时。
5.
【解析】第四句中off→from。keep.
.
.
from意为“阻止”。
6.
【解析】第六句中a→an。an
old
man“一位老人”,
old首字母发音为元音音素。
7.
【解析】第七句中在let前加not/never。句意:
我绝不会在死去之后让人嘲笑的。
8.
【解析】第七句中myself→me。make
fun
of
me意为“嘲笑我”。
9.
【解析】第八句中to去掉。句意:
他坚持墓碑上不写他的名字。表示“建议、命令、要求”等含义的词后面接句子时,
句子用虚拟语气should
do结构,
should可省略。
10.
【解析】第九句中largest→large。句意:
他死后,
从他墓碑旁边路过的人注意到了这块大的空白的石头就会大声地说,
“看,
那是古怪。”本句并没有表示“最大的”这一最高级概念。(共53张PPT)
五、代词、介词和介词短语
一、代 词
考点1
代词基本用法
代词是代替名词、短语和句子起名词作用的词。代词主要包括九类:
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词(只有两个:
each
other和one
another)、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词。关系代词和连接代词隶属于复合句部分。
常见人称代词、物主代词及反身代词如下表所述:
代词
数
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
人 称
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
单 数
第一人称
我
I
me
my
mine
myself
第二人称
你
you
you
your
yours
yourself
第三人称
他
he
him
his
his
himself
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
它
it
it
its
its
itself
代词
数
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
人 称
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
复 数
第一人称
我们
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
你们
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
他们/她们/它们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
【典例剖析】
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On
my
recent
visit,
I
held
a
lively
three-month-old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by______
(it)
mother.
解题关键:
此处表示“它的母亲”,
故使用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词mother。
答案判定:
its
【高考题组】单句改错/单句语法填空
1.
(2016·四川高考)When
he
(my
father)
came
back,
I
found
a
bunch
of
flowers
in
her
hand.
(改错)
__________
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five
minutes
later,
Tony
saw
parents.
(改错)
____________
her改为his
saw后添加his
3.
(2015·浙江高考)Close
to
the
school
there
was
a
beautiful
park
with
many
trees
around
them.
(改错)
__________
4.
(2014·全国卷)Otherwise,
it
is
impossible
for
him
to
help
each
other.
(改错)
____________
them改为it
him改为them
5.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with
___(it)
choking
smog.
6.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)“Did
anyone
lose
a
suitcase
at
the
last
stop
”“Oh
dear!
It’s
________(I).
”She
pushed
her
way
to
the
driver
and
took
the
suitcase
thankfully.
its
me/mine
7.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Would
you
please
write
something
about
the
culture
in
_____(you)
part
of
the
United
States
8.
(2014·辽宁高考)Raise
your
leg
and
let
__stay
in
the
air
for
seconds.
your
it
考点2
it的用法
1.
it作人称代词的用法
(1)指事物
作为人称代词,
it可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。
It’s
hard
work,
but
I
enjoy
it.
(2)指人
it指人时主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
There
is
a
knock
on
the
door.
It
must
be
the
postman.
2.
it作非人称代词的用法
(1)基本用法
it作非人称代词时,
主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等。
(2)用于某些句型
It’s
time
for
sth.
该做某事了。
It’s
time
to
do
sth.
到该做某事的时候了。
It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人该做某事了。
It’s
(about/high)
time+that-从句 某人(早)该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去时,
有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It’s
the
first
(second)
time+that-从句 这是某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It’s+时间段+since-从句 自从……有多长时间了。
It’s+时间段+before-从句 过了多长时间才……
3.
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),
替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj.
+(for
sb.
)to
do
sth.
常用于此句型的形容词有:
easy,
difficult,
hard,
necessary,
unnecessary,
possible等。
It
is
necessary
to
change
your
job.
②It+be+adj.
+of
sb.
to
do
sth.
此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:
kind,
nice,
wise,
silly,
polite,
impolite,
friendly,
foolish,
clever等。
How
silly
it
was
of
you
to
give
up
such
a
good
chance!
③It+be+n.
(+for
sb.
/sth.
)+to
do
sth.
用于此句型的名词(短语)有:
pity,
shame,
pleasure,
fun,
joy,
good
manners,
bad
manners等。
It
is
bad
manners
for
the
young
to
take
up
the
seats
for
the
old.
④It+be+adj.
/n.
+doing
sth.
用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:
no/little
use,
no/much
good,
useless,
fun等。
It’s
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
⑤It+be+n.
/adj.
+主语从句。在“It
is
natural/necessary
/important/strange+that从句”中,
从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,
且should可以省略。
It’s
necessary
and
important
that
one
should
master
the
skills
of
operating
computers.
⑥It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
某人做某事花了一段时间。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj.
+不定式/动名词/从句。
I
feel
it
hard
to
climb
the
hill.
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,
然后接从句,
有此用法的动词(短语):
like,
dislike,
hate,
appreciate,
depend
on,
rely
on,
count
on等。
I
hate
it
when
people
talk
with
their
mouths
full.
【典例剖析】(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After
six
days________is
wise
to
take
a
day
off
to
rest.
解题关键:
it作形式主语,
真正的主语是后面的to
take
a
day
off
to
rest。构成固定结构it+be+adj.
+to
do。
答案判定:
it
【高考题组】用适当代词填空
1.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Visit
the
palace
and
its
various
historic
gardens,
which
include
the
famous
maze(迷宫)
where
__
is
easy
to
get
lost!
it
2.
(2014·广东高考)Last
year,
my
brother
and
I
went
to
Miami
for
a
vacation.
Some
of
my
friends
who
had
been
there
before
said
__
was
a
wonderful
holiday
destination.
3.
(2014·全国卷)—Who’s
that
at
the
door
—__
is
the
milkman.
it
It
考点3
不定代词的用法
1.
both,
all,
either,
any,
neither,
none的用法
都
任 一
都 不
两 者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
2.
something,
anything,
nothing的用法
句 式
语 意
something
肯定句
某事,
某物
疑问句
请求、征求意见
anything
条件句、否定句、疑问句
任何东西(事物)
肯定句
任何东西(事物)
nothing
陈述句
没有一点东西
3.
none,
no
one/nobody,
nothing的用法
指 代
回 答
特/泛指
none
人或物
how
many/much
特 指
no
one/nobody
指 人
who
泛 指
nothing
指 物
what
泛 指
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2015·陕西高考)I
wanted
to
do
anything
special
for
him
at
his
retirement
party.
解题关键:
something某件/些事;
anything任何一件事,
往往用于否定句或疑问句中。根据句意,
可知强调“我要为他做一些特殊的事情”,
故用something。
答案判定:
anything改为something
【高考题组】用适当的代词填空
1.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When
_______of
the
two
methods
removed
the
noise,
I
would
sit
helplessly
and
wait
for
the
noise
to
go
away.
2.
(2015·浙江高考)They
recognize
there’s
_________
missing
in
their
lives,
but
it’s
hard
to
step
off
the
track.
neither
something
3.
(2015·安徽高考)First
of
___,
it
is
now
easier
to
replace
an
object
than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it.
4.
(2014·四川高考)She’d
lived
in
London
and
Manchester,
but
she
liked
_______and
moved
to
Cambridge.
all
neither
二、介词和介词短语
考点1
介词基本用法
1.
with:
①和……一起;
随着……;
②因为……;
③具有/带有……;
with复合结构。
2.
at:
①表示片刻的时间点;
②表示“在某处”,
指在一个较小的地点;
③表示产生某种情绪的原因,
意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……”。
3.
in:
①表方位,
在某范围内,
特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容,
要用in;
②表时间,
后接表时间段的名词短语,
指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作;
③表示材料、语言、方式、声音。
4.
on:
①表示时间,
指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in
the
morning与on
the
morning
of
1st,
May的区别;
②表示方位,
指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻;
③表示与某一方面内容相关,
意为“关于”;
④与名词或动名词连用,
意为“一……就……”。
5.
from:
表示“来自”或“从……时间开始”。
6.
through:
①表示从事物内部穿过,
与介词in有关;
②表示通过,
凭借。
7.
across:
从事物的表面通过,
与介词on有关。
8.
over:
①表示在表面的正上方,
与under相对;
②表示“从某事物上方越过”;
③表示“在……上面”,
指部分或全部覆盖;
④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用,
表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”。
9.
beyond:
①表示方位,
意为“超过,
在……较远的一边”;
②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围。
10.
for:
①表示“对于,
至于,
适合于”“为,
为了”;
②表示“为了(目的);
支持”。
11.
against:
①表示“反对,
反抗,
违背”;
②表示“倚,
靠,
逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗”。
【典例剖析】(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It’s
only
an
hour
away
__________
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better-known
city.
解题关键:
by
car乘汽车,
by表示乘坐某种交通工具,
是常见用法。
答案判定:
by
【高考题组】用适当的介词填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In
India,
for
example,
most
people
traditionally
eat
____
their
hands.
2.
(2016·浙江高考)The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
__
influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
the
world
around
us.
with
in
3.
(2016·四川高考)The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
___more
than
two
years.
4.
(2014·辽宁高考)Don’t
laugh
__me.
I
may
look
funny.
5.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)When
the
bus
finally
came,
we
all
hurried
on
board.
I
got
a
place
next
__the
window,
so
I
had
a
good
view
of
the
sidewalk.
for
at
to
6.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony
saw
a
toy
on
a
shop
window.
(改错)
________
7.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)With
the
help
by
our
father,
my
sister
and
I
planted
some
cherry
tomatoes(圣女果)in
our
back
garden.
(改错)
________
on改为in
by改为of
8.
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)The
book
I’m
reading
of
talks
about
afternoon
tea
in
Britain.
(改错)
______
删掉of
考点2
介词短语
介词短语的考查主要分为以下几类:
1.
介词+名词类:
如by
accident/by
chance偶然,
意外地;
in
advance提前;
in
detail详细地;
on
purpose故意地;
out
of
question不成问题;
out
of
order出故障;
beyond
description难以描述;
on
the
contrary相反等。
2.
介词短语类:
如apart
from除……之外;
instead
of代替;
regardless
of不管,
不顾;
in
general一般来说;
rather
than而不是;
other
than除了,
不同于;
in
spite
of不管,
不顾;
in
addition
to除……之外;
in
case
of如果,
假使;
in
charge
of负责,
主管;
in
return
for作为(对……的)回报;
in
honor
of为了纪念,
为向……表示敬意;
by
means
of依靠,
借助于;
in
terms
of就……而言;
in
favor
of支持等。
【典例剖析】用适当的介词填空
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)________the
same
time,
they
warm
up
again
for
the
night.
解题关键:
考查固定搭配。at
the
same
time意为“同时”。
答案判定:
At
【高考题组】用适当的介词填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·浙江高考)That
young
man
is
honest,
cooperative,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help.
__
short,
he’s
reliable.
2.
(2013·福建高考)Your
school
has
lots
of
activities
which
prepare
you
___
good
citizenship.
In
for
3.
(2016·浙江高考)While
they
chatted,
my
father
would
lift
my
sister
and
me
up
to
sit
in
the
top
of
the
fridge.
(改错)
________
4.
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Interestingly,
it
had
a
connection
by
the
British
porcelain(瓷器)industry.
(改错)
__________
in改为on
by改为with
5.
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)He
was
tall,
with
broad
shoulders
and
a
beard
that
turned
from
black
toward
gray
over
the
years.
(改错)
______________
6.
(2014·全国卷)The
more
friends
we
have,
the
more
we
can
learn
for
one
another.
(改错)
___________
toward改为into
for改为from(共48张PPT)
七、定语从句
考点1
5组易混关系代词的用法辨析
1.
只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all,
much,
little,
something,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none等不定代词时。
All
that
you
need
to
do
is
focus
on
one
thing.
(2)先行词被the
only,
any,
few,
no,
very等修饰时。
Australia
is
the
only
country
that
is
also
a
continent.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I’ve
ever
seen.
(4)先行词为人、物并用时。
Do
you
know
the
things
and
persons
that
they
are
talking
about
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost
(6)先行词在主句中作表语,
而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shandong
is
no
longer
the
province
that
it
used
to
be.
2.
只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
Is
this
the
house
in
which
Shakespeare
was
born
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
Before
people
retire,
they
usually
plan
to
do
a
lot
of
great
things,
which
they
never
had
time
to
do
while
working.
(3)先行词为that/those时。
What’s
that
which
was
put
in
the
car
(4)which用作定语时。
He
may
be
late,
in
which
case
we
ought
to
wait
for
him.
3.
the
same.
.
.
as与the
same.
.
.
that
the
same.
.
.
as表示相似或同类的东西;
the
same.
.
.
that表示同一人或物
①This
is
the
same
book
as
he
lent
me
last
week.
这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。
②This
is
the
same
book
that
he
lent
me
last
week.
这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
4.
such/so.
.
.
as与such/so.
.
.
that
such/so.
.
.
as(定语从句)像……那样(as在从句中作主语、宾语等);
such/so.
.
.
that(状语从句)如此……以至于(that在从句中不作任何成分)
①This
is
such
an
easy
question
as
I
can
answer.
②This
is
such
an
easy
question
that
I
can
answer
it.
5.
as与which
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,
也可以放在主句后,
有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。
(2)as意为“正如……”,
后面的谓语动词多用see,
know,
expect,
say,
mention,
report等;
which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。
①Need
for
Speed
is
a
very
successful
film,
as
is
known
to
all.
②The
sports
meeting
was
put
off,
which
astonished
us.
【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空
(2014·安徽高考)The
exact
year__________Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
解题关键:
本题先行词为year,
考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时,
用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词,
故从句中缺少宾语,
关系词代替先行词作其宾语。
答案判定:
which/that
【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空/改错
1.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe
you
have
a
habit
__________
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The
city’s
“psychology
cafes”,
______
offer
great
comfort,
are
among
the
most
popular
places.
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Trust
is
a
learned
behavior
__________
we
gain
from
past
experiences.
that/which
which
that/which
4.
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Having
tea
in
the
late
afternoon
provides
a
bridge
between
lunch
and
dinner,
that
might
not
be
served
until
8
o’clock
at
night.
(改错)
_____________
that改为which
考点2
关系代词who,
whom,
whose
1.
who和whom的用法
(1)先行词为one,
ones,
anyone,
those指代人时或表示人的名词时。
The
person
I
want
to
talk
about
with
you
is
Tu
Youyou,
the
one
who
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
medicine
in
2015.
(2)在There
be结构中,
修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。
There’s
a
gentleman
who
wants
to
see
you.
(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句,
其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,
另一个宜用who以避免重复。
The
student
that
was
praised
at
yesterday’s
meeting
is
the
monitor
who
is
very
modest
and
works
very
hard.
(4)当关系代词前面有介词时,
只能用whom,
whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,
介词可放在后面,
也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。
The
settlement
is
home
to
nearly
1,
000
people,
many
of
whom
left
their
village
homes
for
a
better
life
in
the
city.
2.
whose的用法
whose指人或物,
作定语,
表示“……的”,
可转换为“of
+关系代词”,
指人时可用of
whom;
指物时可用of
which。
The
prize
will
go
to
the
writer
whose
story/of
whom
the
story
shows
the
most
imagination.
【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,
从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Tom
is
the
only
one
of
the
engineers
who
has
come
up
with
the
solution.
【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius,
______lived
from
roughly551
to
479
B.
C.
,
influenced
the
development
of
chopsticks.
解题关键:
该句为非限制性定语从句,
先行词是Confucius,
定语从句中缺少主语,
应用who引导定语从句。
答案判定:
who
【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空
1.
(2016·北京高考)I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
______
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This
year,
25,
310
students
____
have
accepted
places
in
higher
education
institutions
have
put
off
their
entry
until
next
year.
whose
who
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students
____
take
a
well-planned
year
out
are
more
likely
to
be
satisfied
with,
and
complete,
their
chosen
course.
4.
(2015·陕西高考)A
salesman
____
is
not
punctual
may
not
make
a
sale
if
he
arrives
late
for
an
appointment.
who
who
考点3
关系副词when,
where,
why
1.
when的用法
先行词为“时间名词”,
可用when引导定语从句,
when在定语从句中作状语,
也可用“介词+which”结构代替。
The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
2.
where的用法
(1)先行词是“地点名词”,
定语从句可用where引导,
where在从句中作状语,
也可用“介词+which”结构代替。
The
upper
floor
is
a
quiet
zone
with
over
a
thousand
places
for
silent
reading,
and
places
where
you
can
sit
and
work
with
your
own
computer.
(2)如果定语从句修饰point,
situation,
position,
condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,
常用where引导,
意思是“到了某种地步,
在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。
You
reach
a
point
where
medicine
can’t
help.
3.
why的用法
先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,
可以用why引导定语从句,
why在定语从句中作原因状语,
也可用for
which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型,
即The
reason
why.
.
.
is/was
that.
.
.
,
意为“……的原因是……”。
The
reason
why/for
which
he
didn’t
attend
the
meeting
was
that
he
was
ill.
【点津】
(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则:
在选择关系词时,
最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,
必须用关系代词;
若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,
必须用关系副词。
This
is
the
mountain
village
that/which
I
visited
last
year.
(关系词在从句中作宾语)
I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
my
father
returned
from
America.
(关系词在从句中作状语)
(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词,
且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in
which引导,
也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语,
要用that或which引导,
也可以省略关系词。
I
don’t
like
the
way
that/in
which/不填
he
speaks
to
his
mother.
【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
______I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
解题关键:
此处表示当时我是第一个西方记者,
根据句子结构可知,
本句是一个非限制性定语从句,
其先行词为mid-1980s,
故应该使用when表示时间。
答案判定:
when
【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空
1.
(2016·天津高考)We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
_____
the
weather
may
be
better.
2.
(2015·湖北高考)The
reason
____
the
ponies
here
are
naughty
is
that
Haytor
is
a
tourist-heavy
area.
when
why
3.
(2015·广东高考)When
harvest
came
around,
he
was
already
selling
herbs,
vegetables
and
cotton
in
the
market
______
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.
4.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The
hardwood
forests
______
passenger
pigeons
nested
had
been
damaged
by
Americans’
need
for
wood.
where
where
考点4介词+关系代词的6个考查点
1.
考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
to
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
2.
考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯
He
referred
me
to
some
reference
books
with
which
I
am
not
very
familiar.
3.
考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词
I
am
looking
for
my
glasses,
without
which
I
can’t
watch
TV
clearly.
4.
考查表示所属关系的of
which/whom
She
showed
the
visitors
around
the
museum,
the
construction
of
which/whose
construction
had
taken
more
than
three
years.
注意:
the+n.
+of
which(whom)可与whose+n.
互换。
5.
考查表示整体与部分关系的of
which/whom
The
buses,
most
of
which
were
already
full,
were
surrounded
by
the
angry
crowd.
6.
考查表示同位关系的of
which/whom
She
brought
with
her
three
friends,
none
of
whom
I
had
ever
met
before.
【点津】选择介词的3个原则:
①根据句子意思表达的需要;
②根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯;
③根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。
【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别
与并列句的区别
如果两个句子之间是分号,
或有and,
but,
so等连接词,
则这两个句子为并列句;
如果两个句子之间是逗号,
且没有上述的连接词,
则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,
须有一个引导词引导定语从句
与强调句型的区别
判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It
is/was.
.
.
that/who.
.
.
”去掉后,
主句的意思和结构是完整的
与状语从句的区别
状语从句通常没有先行词,
整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语,
而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用的
与同位语从句的区别
①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用;
而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用;
②引导词that在从句中的作用不同:
在定语从句中,
that既起连接作用,
又在定语从句中充当句子成分,
如主语、宾语等;
而在同位语从句中,
that只起连接作用,
不充当句子成分
(1)The
news
(that)
they
told
me
made
me
excited.
(定语从句)
(2)The
news
that
our
team
won
the
match
made
me
excited.
(同位语从句)
【典例剖析】完成句子
(2016·浙江高考)Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
______
has
been
proved.
解题关键:
该句为非限制性定语从句,
先行词为theories,
指物,
而关系代词放在介词of之后,
应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
答案判定:
which
【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空
1.
(2014·全国卷)September
30
is
the
day
by
______
you
must
pay
your
bill.
2.
(2013·浙江高考)The
children,
all
of
______
had
played
the
whole
day
long,
were
worn
out.
3.
(2013·辽宁高考)He
may
win
the
competition,
in
______
case
he
is
likely
to
get
into
the
national
team.
which
whom
which
4.
(2012·四川高考)In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
of
______
half
wear
glasses.
whom八、名词性从句
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
But
as
soon
as
the
rain
stops,
most
likely
we’ll
forget
_______
we’ve
put
it.
2.
You
may
also
find
it
difficult
to
get
to
sleep
if
you
have
a
problem
or
something
else
on
your
mind.
This
is
_______
you
need
to
relax.
3.
_______
she
expects
most
is
to
set
an
example
to
younger
people.
4.
Next,
we
can
know
_______
is
going
on
at
any
time.
5.
It
is
a
fixed
truth
_______
this
form
of
learning
is
on
the
increase.
6.
The
saying
_______
practice
makes
perfect
means
after
you
have
plenty
of
practice
in
what
you
are
doing,
you
will
be
perfect
in
it.
7.
They
were
asked
_______
they
liked
reading
most
among
the
four
categories
of
English
articles:
news,
stories,
popular
science
articles
and
articles
about
learning
methods.
8.
You
can
imagine
_______
wonderful
the
new
Reading
Room
is!
9.
One
concern
relates
to
a
lack
of
control
over
_______
appears
on
the
Internet.
10.
The
happiness
in
the
process
of
helping
others
is
_______
I
have
found.
答案：1.
where
2.
when
3.
What
4.
what
5.
that
6.
that
7.
which
8.
how
9.
what
10.
what
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
I
had
thought
if
perhaps
the
woman
would
blame
the
man.
________________________
2.
The
news
which
the
English
Entrance
Examination
will
be
reformed
has
caused
a
big“earthquake”in
our
country.
________________________
3.
In
this
way,
you
can
apply
that
you
have
learned
better.
________________________
4.
She
remembered
what
frequently
at
break
she
had
taken
Douglas,
a
small
lonely
child
by
the
hand.
________________________
5.
The
reason
why
I
spare
no
effort
in
studying
and
focus
all
my
attention
on
my
lessons
is
what
I
want
to
be
admitted
to
a
famous
university.
________________________
6.
So
I
suggest
what
the
time
of
people
dancing
on
the
square
should
be
limited.
________________________
7.
After
class,
I
learned
from
the
teacher
when
my
deskmate
would
have
dropped
out
of
school
if
she
hadn’t
been
helped
by
others.
________________________
8.
This
afternoon,
our
teacher
asked
us
to
list
how
our
parents
had
done
for
us.
________________________
9.
I
hope
this
town
will
not
change;
just
keep
where
it
is.
________________________
10.
What’s
more,
it’s
common
if
the
young
or
middle-aged
sit
on
the
bus
while
the
elderly
stand.
________________________
答案：1.
if改为that或去掉if
2.
which改为that
3.
that改为what
4.
what改为that
5.
what改为that
6.
what改为that
7.
when改为that
8.
how改为what
9.
where改为what
10.
if改为that
语法知识与写作
1.
毫无疑问游客们会在那儿欣赏到美丽的菊花花会。
______________________visitors
can
admire
beautiful
Chrysanthemum
Festival
there.
2.
我下个月终于可以来英国看你了,
真是太棒了。
It’s
great______________________next
month
and
see
you
finally.
3.
首先,
在你进入出租车之前,
你最好检查一下看看这辆出租车是不是正规出租车(licensed
taxi).
Firstly,
before
you
get
into
a
taxi,
you’d
better
check
to
see____________________.
4.
人们成为低头(phubbing)族的现象正变得越来越流行。
The
phenomenon______________________is
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
5.
父母和朋友都不支持我成为一名农村老师,
这让我很困惑。
It
puzzles
me______________________my
idea
of
being
a
rural
teacher.
6.
请告诉我什么时间开始,
什么时间结束。
Please
tell
me______________________.
7.
到目前为止,
我还不知道我们是否应该继续这个项目。
Up
to
now,
I
haven’t
got
any
ideas______________________the
project.
8.
每一个上网的学生必须牢记在心:
在这种方式下,
正确的时间管理和学习计划管理是成功的关键。
Every
online
student
must
keep
it
in
mind______________________towards
success
in
this
format.
9.
我认为我们通过一起生活而学会集体生活,
是非常有教育指导意义的。
I
think
it
instructive______________________live
together
by
living
together.
10.
当她感觉到房子在移动的时候,
她丈夫刚刚外出工作去了。
Her
husband
had
just
left
for
work
when
she
felt______________________.
答案：1.
There
is
no
doubt
that
2.
that
I
will
come
to
Britain
3.
whether
it’s
a
licensed
taxi
4.
that
people
are
always
phubbing
5.
that
parents
and
friends
aren’t
in
favour
of
6.
when
it
begins
and
when
it
ends
7.
whether
we
should
go
on
with
8.
that
proper
management
of
time
and
study
schedule
is
the
key
9.
that
we
learn
to
10.
that
her
house
was
moving
语篇题组
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When
you
smile,
not
only
do
you
feel
happy,
1.
____________you
also
bring
a
ray
of
light
into
the
lives
of
others.
Someone
once
2.
__________(say),
“A
smile
is
a
curve
that
sets
everything
straight,
by
increasing
your
face
value.
”Know
that
a
smile
is
a
little
thing
that
can
produce
great
results.
3.
__________it
takes
is
a
smile
to
deal
with
any
4.
__________(difficult)easily,
for
just
being
happy
can
help
others.
I
have
often
thought
of
a
smile
5.
__________the
touch
of
God
given
to
his
people.
A
day
without
smile
is
a
day
wasted.
Some
people
grin(咧嘴笑)and
bear
it,
while
others
smile
and
change
the
world.
Don’t
you
love
the
feelings
of
6.
__________(reward)with
a
smile
It
can
move
into
the
soul
and
release
good
into
the
world.
It
can
make
friends
with
7.
__________(strange).
It
can
bridge
the
generation
gap.
It
can
fill
the
heart
with
love.
It
can
bring
friends
8.
__________
(close)together
than
ever
before.
A
smile
is
a
light
in
the
window
of
the
soul,
9.
__________(suggest)that
the
heart
is
at
home.
God
puts
a
smile
on
your
faces
so
that
we
would
see
that
the
world
needs
that
breath
to
lighten
the
10.
__________(dark)in
our
life.
【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们微笑给我们带来的益处。
1.
【解析】but。考查固定结构。not
only.
.
.
but(also).
.
.
表示“不仅……而且”“既……又”,
用于连接两个性质相同的词、短语或句子。
2.
【解析】said。考查时态。分析句子结构可知,
此处say作谓语,
根据once判断用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】What。考查主语从句。连接词what充当动词take的宾语,
其引导的主语从句作整个句子的主语。
4.
【解析】difficulty。考查词性转换。any后通常加可数名词单数。
5.
【解析】as。考查固定搭配。think
of.
.
.
as.
.
.
意为“把……当作……”。
6.
【解析】being
rewarded。考查非谓语动词的被动语态。句意:
难道你不喜欢被回馈微笑的这种感觉吗
介词of后应加v.
-ing形式,
且you与reward之间是被动关系。
7.
【解析】strangers。考查词性转换。空前with为介词,
可判断此处用名词形式。此外,
stranger为可数名词,
故用复数形式。
8.
【解析】closer。考查形容词的比较级。由空后的than
ever
before可以看出此处要用比较级形式。
【规律方法】对形容词的另类考法
语法填空中对于形容词的另外一种考查方式是比较级或最高级,
即考查在具体语境中恰当运用形容词比较级或最高级的能力。在解此类题的时候,
考生要学会根据上下文所提供的语境,
分析出上下文的比较关系,
确定是比较级还是最高级,
然后对所提供的词进行词性或词形上的变化,
从而得出正确答案。
9.
【解析】suggesting。考查非谓语动词。动词suggest和句子主语smile之间构成主动关系,
所以使用现在分词充当状语。
10.
【解析】darkness。考查词性转换。定冠词the后应该用名词形式。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
(2017·衡水模拟)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
As
we
all
know,
the
environment
is
very
important
to
everyone
which
we
can
live
comfortable
and
happily.
But
now,
the
environmental
pollution
worries
about
me
all
the
time.
That
draws
my
attention
is
that
everywhere
is
rubbish,
especially
the
white
waste
lying
on
ground
and
swinging
in
the
tree.
It
even
causes
air
pollution
and
water
pollution,
thus
damage
our
health.
Consider
making
our
life
more
convenient,
the
shopping
plastic
bags
came
into
being.
But
unfortunately,
we
always
throw
it
away
as
we
like.
However,
I
would
say
to
make
our
life
more
better,
we
should
have
a
strong
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
So
let’s
take
action.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中which→where。分析句子结构可知,
此处应为where引导的定语从句,
把定语从句补全为:
We
can
live
comfortably
and
happily
in
the
environment。
2.
【解析】第一句中comfortable→comfortably。修饰动词live应用副词comfortably。
3.
【解析】第二句中about去掉。worry
sb.
意为“使某人担心”,
类似于其形容词用法sb.
be
worried
about
.
.
.
。
4.
【解析】第三句中第一个That→What。what引导主语从句,
且在从句中作主语。
5.
【解析】第三句中ground前加定冠词the。lying
on
the
ground意为“散落在地上”,
且on
the
ground为固定搭配。
6.
【解析】第四句中damage→damaging。本句中causes为谓语动词,
故damage需用非谓语动词形式。
【规律方法】
非谓语动词是短文改错中的必考项目,
在解答这类问题过程中,
需重点关注几个问题:
①确定句中的谓语动词,
依此判定是否需要非谓语动词形式;
②分析非谓语动词与其所修饰的名词之间所构成的关系(主动、被动、或目的、将来);
③动词不定式to
do表示“目的、将来”;
v.
-ing表示主动、进行;
过去分词表示被动、完成。
7.
【解析】第五句中Consider→Considering。此处considering意为“考虑到、顾及”。
8.
【解析】第六句中it→them。此处的them指代前面出现的the
shopping
plastic
bags。
9.
【解析】第七句中However→Therefore。考查逻辑关系。根据句意可知,
此处与上文之间构成因果关系。
10.
【解析】第七句中more→much或去掉more。考查比较级的修饰词。better为比较级形式,
much可以用来修饰比较级。(共89张PPT)
语法精讲强化系列
一、动词的时态和语态
考点1
一般时态
1.
一般现在时
(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,
常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如usually,
often,
always,
sometimes,
every
day等。
On
Monday
morning
it
usually
takes
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work.
(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,
只限于go,
come,
leave,
start,
stop,
arrive,
begin,
return,
open,
close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
My
dream
school
starts
at
8:
30
a.
m.
and
ends
at
3:
30
p.
m.
(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
You
will
surely
succeed
if
you
try
your
best.
【典例剖析】
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some
classmates
suggest
we
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
I
thought
that
it
is
a
good
idea.
(改错)
解题关键:
根据句中动词suggest,
is可知,
应指目前的想法,
应用一般现在时。
答案判定:
thought改为think
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This
cycle________(go)day
after
day.
The
walls
warm
up
during
the
day.
(填空)
解题关键:
时间状语为day
after
day,
且根据第二句的warm用了一般现在时可知此处表示目前的情况,
所以用一般现在时。
答案判定:
goes
2.
一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,
常用yesterday,
last
year,
in
1995,
the
other
day等作时间状语。
It
was
a
terrible
piece
of
work
you
turned
in
yesterday.
(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
He
said
he
would
not
go
if
it
rained.
(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,
know,
think,
expect等动词常用一般过去时。
I
didn’t
expect
to
meet
you
here.
我没料到会在这里碰见你。
【辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时
①强调动作发生在过去某一时间,
不强调对现在造成的影响或结果;
②与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间连用
现在完成时
①表示过去动作与现在有关系,
主要强调对现在造成的影响和结果;
②可与today,
this
week,
since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用,
但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用
They’ve
gone
to
Paris
so
far.
他们目前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。
They
went
to
Paris
last
year.
他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过,
不表明是否现在仍在那里)。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and______(be)too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
解题关键:
根据主句谓语动词believed可知,
此处讲的是孔子过去的想法,
应该用一般过去时。
答案判定:
were
②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
________
(arrive)in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
But
I
didn’t
care.
解题关键:
句意:
就在天亮之前我到了阳朔,
天下着小雨。但是我关心的不是这件事。根据主句was
raining以及第二句话的didn’t可知,
记叙的是过去发生的事情,
应该使用一般过去时。
答案判定:
arrived
3.
一般将来时
(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,
即单纯的将来事实。
He
will
graduate
from
Beijing
University
next
year.
(2)三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构:
①be
going
to
do
sth.
表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
Really
You’re
going
to
walk
the
dog
②be
to
do
sth.
表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,
或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
We
are
to
obey
these
rules
when
we
go
into
the
library.
③be
about
to
do
sth.
表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
The
train
is
about
to
leave.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)If
you
are
able
to
come
with
us,
please
let
us
know
and
we________(wait)for
you
at
the
school
gate
at
9
in
the
morning.
解题关键:
根据if从句用的是一般现在时表示将来,
可知主句用will+动词原形表示一般将来时。
答案判定:
will
wait
【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错
1.
(2016·四川高考)Then,
after
two
and
a
half
years,
the
mother
_____(drive)
the
young
panda
away.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo
__(be)really
beautiful.
3.
(2015·广东高考)While
making
great
efforts
to
run
away,
she
___(fall)over
the
hill
and
died.
drove
is
fell
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We’ll
also
spend
some
fun
time
together
singing,
dancing
and
playing
games,
which
we
hope
_________(make)them
happy.
5.
(2016·四川高考)Both
Dad
and
I
planned
to
do
something
on
Mother’s
Day.
We
get
up
early
in
the
morning.
(改错)
__________
will
make
get改为got
6.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When
I
was
a
child,
I
hoped
to
live
in
the
city.
I
think
I
would
be
happy
there.
(改错)
________________
7.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony
was
scared
and
begun
to
cry.
(改错)
_______________
think改为thought
begun改为began
8.
(2015·四川高考)As
I
tell
you
last
time,
I
made
three
new
friends
here.
(改错)
___________
tell改为told
考点2
进行时态
1.
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作、存在的状态或者表示现阶段(at
present,
this
week等)正在进行的动作、存在的状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。
Experts
are
wondering
now
if
the
Internet
is
changing
what
we
remember
and
how.
(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come,
go,
leave,
get,
start,
open,
arrive,
begin,
return等常用现在进行时表将来。
Some
of
these
are
getting
scarce
because
people
kill
them
for
various
reasons.
(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always,
constantly,
often,
forever,
continually等副词连用表示说话者的“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感彩。
The
girl
is
always
talking
aloud
in
public
places.
【辨析】
一般现在时
主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作,
常伴随使用频度副词usually,
often,
seldom等
现在进行时
主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,
常跟时间状语now,
at
present等连用
He
usually
writes
a
lot
of
letters,
but
he
isn’t
writing
at
present.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2015·北京高考)I______(write)to
tell
you
my
exciting
plan
for
the
summer
holiday.
解题关键:
此句是书信的开头语,
强调现在正在写信,
故用现在进行时。
答案判定:
am
writing
2.
过去进行时
(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。
Now
twenty-two
years
old,
he
was
studying
wetlands
ecology.
He
again
appeared
before
the
town
planning
board.
(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
She
was
watching
TV
when
a
burglar
broke
into
her
house.
(3)过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生的事。用于come,
go,
leave,
start,
arrive等表示位置移动的动词时,
也可以用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Yesterday
he
said
he
was
leaving
for
Canada.
【辨析】
一般过去时
表示一个完成的动作;
亦可表示过去某个时刻发生的单纯动作(侧重说明事实)
过去进行时
表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作;
亦可表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)或者不断反复进行的动作
I
was
reading
a
novel
last
night.
(可能没看完)。
I
read
a
novel
last
night.
(已经看完)。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·北京高考)Jack______(work)in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
解题关键:
根据句意“Jack正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。”以及关键词occurred可知,
此句型是was/were
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
结构。
答案判定:
was
working
3.
将来进行时
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,
或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有:
soon,
tomorrow,
this
evening,
by
this
time,
in
two
days,
tomorrow
evening等。
This
time
next
week
I’ll
be
lying
on
the
beach,
enjoying
the
sunshine.
【辨析】
一般将来时
表示对“现在时刻”来说,
将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态
将来进行时
表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作
She
is
sixteen,
and
will
be
seventeen
next
year.
What
will
you
be
doing
at
this
time
next
Monday
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2013·江苏高考)—Could
I
use
your
car
tomorrow
morning
—Sure.
I______(write)a
report
at
home.
解题关键:
由题干中的关键信息词tomorrow
morning可知,
双方在谈论明天早晨的事情,
所以答语应用将来进行时,
表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。
答案判定:
will
be
writing
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)And
the
town
___________(become)
a
popular
weekend
destination
for
people
in
Asia
now.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now
I
________(live)
in
a
city,
but
I
miss
my
home
in
the
countryside.
is
becoming
am
living
3.
(2014·辽宁高考)While
some
follow
the
medical
guidance
for
wearing
contact
lenses,
many
___
________(break)
the
rules
and
putting
their
eyesight
at
risk.
are
breaking
4.
(2015·北京高考)In
the
early
afternoon,
when
he
____
________(plan)to
go
home,
a
fierce
snowstorm
swept
into
the
area.
5.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)He
_________(ride)
beside
the
bus
and
waving
his
arms.
I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver.
was
planning
was
riding
考点3
完成时态
1.
现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
常用的时间状语:
already,
so
far,
never,
just,
before,
recently等。
Nowadays
the
cost
of
a
new
car
has
fallen
in
real
terms
so
that
it
is
cheaper
than
ever
to
own
one.
(2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since,
for以及so
far,
now,
today,
this
week
(month,
year),
for
a
long
time,
in
the
past/last
few
years,
these
days等连用。
So
far
no
further
news
has
been
obtained.
(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,
表示将来某时完成的动作。
Please
return
the
book
to
me
when
you
have
finished
it.
【点津】(1)注意牢记以下固定句型:
①It
is/has
been+时间段+
since.
.
.
表示“自从……以来已经……”。
It
is/has
been
ten
years
since
I
graduated
from
university.
②This/It/That
is
the
first/second/third.
.
.
time
that.
.
.
表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,
that从句中要用现在完成时。
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
been
here.
(2)注意避免思维定势:
一看到for+时间段,
就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调的是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),
还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
①Yang
Zhenning
lived
in
America
for
many
years
and
now
he
lives
in
China.
杨振宁在美国定居多年,
现在他生活在中国。
②Dashan
has
lived
in
China
for
many
years.
大山在中国住了许多年。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·北京高考)I______(read)half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
解题关键:
根据关键词finish
it可知,
已读完一半,
read动词是已经完成的动作,
应用现在完成时。
答案判定:
have
read
2.
过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,
强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by,
before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
By
the
end
of
last
year,
we
had
accomplished
the
project
completely.
(2)表示意向的动词,
如hope,
wish,
expect,
think,
intend,
mean,
suppose等,
用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
We
had
expected
that
you
would
be
able
to
win
the
match.
【点津】注意固定句型:
①This/It/That
was
the
first/second/third.
.
.
time
that.
.
.
表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,
that从句中要用过去完成时。
This
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
been
here.
②hardly.
.
.
when.
.
.
和no
sooner.
.
.
than.
.
.
两个句型中,
主句均用过去完成时。
Hardly
had
the
match
started
when
we
arrived.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·浙江高考)Silk__________(become)one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
解题关键:
根据句中的时间状语by
about
100
BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,
故用过去完成时。
答案判定:
had
become
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When
a
new
day
breaks,
the
walls
__________(give)
up
their
heat
and
are
now
cold
enough.
2.
(2015·天津高考)The
next
day,
we
got
a
disappointing
message
that
another
buyer
__________(offer)
a
much
higher
price.
have
given
had
offered
3.
(2015·重庆高考)Her
family
____________(return)
from
abroad,
and
then
got
a
message
from
the
vet.
4.
(2014·山东高考)Writing
out
all
the
invitations
by
hand
was
more
time-consuming
than
we
____________
(expect).
had
returned
had
expected
考点4
现在完成进行时和过去将来时
1.
现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For
days
the
kids
have
been
looking
for
others
we
can
help.
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I
have
been
calling
him
many
times
this
morning,
but
there’s
no
answer.
【辨析】
现在完成时
表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成,
体现动作的结果
现在完成进行时
表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行,
甚至仍将继续
①I’ve
watched
the
TV
series
Nirvana
in
Fire.
(已经完成)
②I
have
been
watching
the
TV
series
Nirvana
in
Fire
these
days.
(仍在进行甚至仍将继续)
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·江苏高考)Dashan,
who________(learn)
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
解题关键:
根据句意:
“大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目:
相声,
想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。”可知,
大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在,
并且还可能继续下去,
故使用现在完成进行时。
答案判定:
has
been
learning
2.
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,
着眼未来”的一种时态,
常用于宾语从句中。
The
shops
would
soon
close,
and
all
the
people
would
go
home.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)In
the
store,
I
asked
each
of
my
kids
to
pick
something
they
thought
our
friend
there
__________
(appreciate).
解题关键:
由语境可知强调“他们认为我们那里的朋友可能会喜爱的一些东西”,
同时由关键词asked和thought可知是站在过去的时间点上展望未来。故用过去将来时。
答案判定:
would
appreciate
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/改错
1.
(2016·北京高考)—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
________________(wait)
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
have
been
waiting
2.
(2014·福建高考)As
a
result,
Isabelle
________
________(receive)
blood
transfusions(输血)every
4—6
weeks
since
she
was
11
months
old.
3.
(2014·天津高考)She
___________________(volunteer)
her
time
and
talents
to
such
enterprises
for
more
than
40
years.
has
been
receiving
has
been
volunteering
4.
(2013·福建高考)We
________________(drive)
in
fog
all
morning,
but
the
fog
is
lifting
now.
5.
(2015·天津高考)Just
to
see
what
she
________(do),
I
gently
placed
one
on
top
of
the
groundhog’s
head.
have
been
driving
would
do
6.
(2016·浙江高考)Then
he
and
my
mother
would
have
had
a
drink
while
she
prepared
dinner
and
they
would
talk
about
his
day
and
hers.
(改错)
________
去掉had
7.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony
promised
her
that
this
will
never
happen
again.
(改错)
_____________
8.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Since
then—for
all
these
years—we
had
been
allowing
tomatoes
to
self-seed
where
they
please.
(改错)
____________
will改为would
had改为have
考点5
被动语态
1.
不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1)系动词类(look,
seem,
feel,
taste,
sound,
prove,
appear等)。
(2)表示主语特征的词(read,
wash,
write,
sell,
wear,
lock等),
常与not,
hardly,
well,
easily,
badly,
nicely等副词连用。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
easily.
这种布料容易洗。
2.
get构成的表示被动的短语
get
paid/lost/hurt等。
We
get
paid
every
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
3.
主动形式表示被动意义
(1)在need,
want,
require,
deserve,
bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,
动名词主动形式表示被动意义,
其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,
easy,
fit,
hard,
difficult,
important,
impossible,
pleasant,
interesting等。
The
problem
is
difficult
to
work
out.
这道题很难计算出。
【典例剖析】单句改错
①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every
day
he
makes
sure
that
fresh
vegetables
and
high
quality
oil
are
using
for
cooking.
解题关键:
主语fresh
vegetables
and
high
quality
oil和谓语动词use是被动关系,
故应该使用被动语态。
答案判定:
using改为used
②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots
of
studies
have
been
shown
that
global
warming
has
already
become
a
very
serious
problem.
解题关键:
主语studies和谓语show是逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系,
句意强调“很多研究表明……”,
故应该使用主动语态。
答案判定:
去掉been
【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I
___________(allow)to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
2.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly
elegant
chopsticks
might
___
_____(make)
of
gold
and
silver
with
Chinese
characters.
was
allowed
be
made
3.
(2016·四川高考)The
giant
panda
_______(love)
by
people
throughout
the
world.
4.
(2016·江苏高考)More
efforts,
as
reported,
______
_____(make)
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
5.
(2014·天津高考)We
won’t
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
______________(make).
is
loved
will
be
made
have
been
made
6.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tea
in
China
was
traditionally
drank
from
cups
without
handles.
(改错)
_______________
drank改为drunk动词的时态和语态
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
In
1969,
the
pollution_______(be)terrible
along
the
Cuyahoga
River
near
Cleveland,
Ohio.
2.
When
she
fell
and
broke
her
hip
in
her
eighties,
my
Dad_______(force)to
admit
that
he
could
no
longer
take
care
of
her
at
home.
3.
Culture,
in
this
sense,
_______(mean)all
those
customs,
skills,
and
attitudes.
4.
Finally,
when
we
came
to
the
next
stop,
the
boy_______(run)up
to
the
door
of
the
bus.
5.
Some
of
my
friends
who_______(be)there
before
said
it
was
a
wonderful
holiday
destination.
6.
“I_______(eat)with
my
wife
and
children
when
we
heard
a
loud
noise.
”he
said.
答案：1.
was
2.
was
forced
3.
means
4.
ran
5.
had
been
6.
was
eating
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
They
had
probably
heard
some
horrible
stories
and
think
we
might
do
the
same.
_____________
2.
I
was
only
four
when
she
passes
away.
_____________
3.
Every
Sunday
morning,
students
from
different
schools
and
some
foreigners
often
took
part.
_____________
4.
Whenever
an
English
word
comes
into
sight,
the
class
would
burst
into
cheers.
_____________
5.
Mary
is
a
high
school
student,
who
devoted
herself
to
her
lessons
every
day.
_____________
答案：1.
had改为have
2.
passes改为passed
3.
took改为take
4.
comes改为came
5.
devoted改为devotes
语法知识与写作
1.
我经常想象我未来的生活会是怎样的。
I
often
imagine_____________in
the
future.
2.
首先,
我真正感到高兴的是我在这场比赛中已经获得了第一名。
First,
I
feel
really
delighted
that
I_____________in
the
competition.
3.
作为中国传统节日之一,
在我们国家中秋节一直享有极大的欢迎度。
As
one
of
the
traditional
Chinese
festivals,
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
_____________
great
popularity
in
our
country.
4.
我们报纸中的“异域文化”这一专栏在我们学生中深受欢迎。
The“Foreign
Cultures”section
in
our
newspaper_____________among
us
students.
5.
所有作品都是通过微信平台展示的,
并有很多作品获得了公众的关注。
All
the
works_____________through
WeChat
platform,
many
of
which
won
the
public
focus.
答案：1.
what
my
life
will
be
like
2.
have
won
the
first
prize
3.
has
been
enjoying
4.
is
very
popular
5.
were
displayed
【语篇题组】
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Basketball
is
still
a
young
game.
It’s
over
a
hundred
years
old.
In
the
winter
of
1891,
a
certain
college
was
having
some
trouble
with
1.
__________(it)boy
students.
The
weather
2.
__________(be)bad
and
the
students
had
to
stay
indoors.
As
they
couldn’t
play
outdoors,
they
were
3.
__________(happy),
and
some
even
got
into
fights
from
time
to
time.
Some
of
the
teachers
at
the
college
asked
Dr
Naismith
to
invent
a
game
4.
__________can
be
played
indoors.
However,
it
was
not
easy
5.
__________
(invent)
such
a
game.
Dr
Naismith
thought
for
a
few
days
and
invented
a
kind
of
ball
game.
It
was
a
fast,
wonderful
game
with
much
6.
__________(move)and
passing
of
the
ball.
It
was
played
7.
__________two
teams.
To
make
a
score,
the
ball
had
to
8.
__________
(throw)into
the
basket
ten
feet
above
the
floor
on
the
wall.
At
each
end
of
the
court
there
was
such
a
basket.
At
first
Dr
Naismith
wanted
to
throw
the
ball
into
a
box.
As
he
could
not
find
9.
__________(box)of
the
right
size,
he
had
to
use
fruit
baskets
instead.
That’s
why
10.
__________game
got
the
name
basketball.
【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们篮球这项运动是如何被发明的。
1.
【解析】its。考查代词。句意:
一所大学对它的男学生很头疼。
2.
【解析】was。考查动词的时态。根据并列连词“and”后的“had”,
可知此空要用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】unhappy。考查词形转换。句意:
因为他们不能外出玩耍,
他们不高兴(unhappy)。
【规律方法】
有的词义转换题,
词类或词性不一定要变,
主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词,
需要根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,
在词根前加un-,
im-,
in-等,
在词根后加-less等。
4.
【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。此句中先行词为game,
指物,
在句中作主语,
故填that或which。
5.
【解析】to
invent。考查固定搭配。It
is/was
not
easy(for
sb.
)to
do
sth.
意为“做某事(对于某人来说)是不容易的”。
6.
【解析】moving。考查非谓语动词。此处move作介词with的宾语,
故用动名词形式。
7.
【解析】between。考查介词。句意:
这是在两个队之间进行的比赛项目。
8.
【解析】be
thrown。考查动词的语态。the
ball和throw之间存在被动关系,
故填be
thrown。
9.
【解析】boxes。考查名词单复数。句意:
因为他不能找到合适型号的盒子……。根据句意可知,
此处强调的不止是一个盒子,
故用复数形式。
10.
【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:
这就是为什么这项运动被称为篮球的原因。表特指应用定冠词the。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
(2017·昆明模拟)
假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(＼)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Tom
and
Dick
are
next
door
neighbor
who
both
work
in
the
same
office.
They
often
walked
together
to
and
from
work.
Once
they
were
walking
to
home
together
while
it
suddenly
started
to
rain.
Tom
quickly
opened
his
umbrella
and
said
proud,
“My
wife
really
has
great
foresight.
She
said
this
morning
would
rain
and
tell
me
to
carry
my
umbrella.
”Dick
smiled
and
walked
up
to
him
under
the
protection
of
the
umbrella,
said“Mine
has
even
great
foresight.
She
didn’t
let
me
carry
one
as
she
knew
you’d
share
yours
to
me.
”
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中neighbor→neighbors。根据句意可知,
“汤姆和迪克是邻居”,
故此处需要使用复数形式。
2.
【解析】第二句中walked→walk。考查动词时态。本句描述的是两人日常上下班的情景,
应该用一般现在时,
根据上句中的系动词are也可知。
3.
【解析】第三句中第一个to去掉。walk
home
together意为“一起走着回家”,
home为副词,
其前不用介词。
4.
【解析】第三句中while→when。句中when表示“正在那时/就在那时”之意。
5.
【解析】第四句中proud→proudly。分析句子结构可知,
此处需要proud的副词形式proudly用以修饰前面的动词said。
6.
【解析】第五句中在would前加it。分析句子结构可知,
本句中it指代天气状况。
7.
【解析】第五句中tell→told。本处是在叙述过去发生的事情,
故用一般过去时,
且与said并列。
8.
【解析】第六句中said→saying。句中缺少非谓语动词,
且动词say与句子的主语Dick之间为主动关系。
9.
【解析】第六句中great→greater。考查比较级的用法。根据句意可知,
此处表示“我的妻子更有预知能力”,
even修饰比较级。
10.
【解析】第七句中to→with。share
sth.
with
sb.
意为“和某人分享某物”,
为固定搭配。(共56张PPT)
六、并列句和状语从句
一、并列句
1.
并列连词
(1)并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:
表并列关系的连词(and,
as
well
as,
both.
.
.
and.
.
.
,
not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
.
,
neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
等)、表转折关系的连词(but,
yet,
while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,
either.
.
.
or.
.
.
等)、表因果关系的连词(for,
so等)。
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)People
can
either
give
them
as
gifts
to
friends
or
hang
them
in
their
houses.
(2)when和while可作并列连词。when表示“在那时,
此时突然”;
while表示“然而,
而”,
表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中:
①.
.
.
was/were
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
(……正在做……突然……)
②.
.
.
was/were
about
to
do.
.
.
when.
.
.
(……刚要做……突然……)
③.
.
.
was/were
on
the
point
of
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
(……刚要做……突然……)
④.
.
.
had
just
done.
.
.
when.
.
.
(……刚/一……就……)
The
children
were
running
to
move
the
bag
of
rice
when
they
heard
the
sound
of
a
motorbike.
2.
祈使句+and/or/otherwise句式
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=if.
.
.
,
+主句。
Find
ways
to
praise
your
children
often,
and
you’ll
find
they
will
open
their
hearts
to
you.
=If
you
find
ways
to
praise
your
children
often,
you’ll
find
they
will
open
their
hearts
to
you.
(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句=if.
.
.
not.
.
.
,
+主句。
Hurry
up
or
we
will
be
late.
=If
you
don’t
hurry
up,
we
will
be
late.
【典例剖析】用适当的连词填空
(2016·四川高考)It
was
time
for
her
to
have
a
new
baby,
__________it
was
also
time
for
the
young
panda
to
be
independent.
解题关键:
此处两个分句之间为并列关系,
故使用连词and。
答案判定:
and
【高考题组】改错/用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If
we
stay
at
home,
it
is
comfortable
but
there
is
no
need
to
spend
money.
(改错)
___________
2.
(2016·四川高考)Mom
has
a
full-time
job,
so
she
has
to
do
most
of
the
housework.
(改错)
_________
but改为and
so改为but
3.
(2015·四川高考)In
fact,
I
don’t
like
to
go
anymore,
so
I’m
afraid
I’ll
lose
their
friendship.
(改错)
_________
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)There
the
air
is
clean
or
the
mountains
are
green.
(改错)
__________
so改为but
or改为and
5.
(2014·天津高考)Give
me
a
chance,
or
I’ll
give
you
a
wonderful
surprise.
(改错)
__________
6.
(2015·四川高考)West
hasn’t
tested
his
idea
on
larger
blocks,
___
he
thinks
rolling
has
clear
advantages
over
sliding.
or改为and
but
7.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There
were
many
people
waiting
at
the
bus
stop,
____
some
of
them
looked
very
anxious.
and
二、状语从句
考点1
让步状语从句
1.
though/although:
在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”,
但可以与yet或still连用;
though与although意义相同,
用法基本一样,
前者通俗,
口语化,
后者正式,
多放在主句的前面。
Frank
insisted
that
he
was
not
asleep
although
I
had
great
difficulty
in
waking
him
up.
2.
even
if和even
though的意思为“即使,
纵使”,
有退一步设想的意味,
多用于书面语中。
Even
if
the
connections
were
visible,
they
would
remain
beyond
the
understanding
of
most
people.
3.
as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语,
从句常放在句首,
语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词,
则该名词提前时,
省去其前的冠词。
Tired
as
they
were,
they
walked
on
without
any
rest.
4.
no
matter(who,
what,
when,
where,
which,
how.
.
.
):
no
matter.
.
.
与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,
no
matter.
.
.
引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。
No
matter
how
dry
a
desert
may
be,
it
is
not
necessarily
lifeless.
5.
wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/
whichever);
however。
①wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用;
②wh-ever可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句,
no
matter.
.
.
只能引导让步状语从句。
To
show
our
respect,
we
usually
have
to
take
our
gloves
off
whoever
we
are
to
shake
hands
with.
6.
while也可以引导让步状语从句,
意为“尽管”,
一般放在句首。
While
volleyball
is
her
main
focus,
she’s
also
good
at
basketball.
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2015·浙江高考)If
I
was
only
a
child
when
I
studied
in
that
classroom,
I
will
never
forget
it.
解题关键:
从句意思是“当我在那间教室学习时我只是一个孩子”,
而主句意思是“我永远不会忘记”,
主从句的关系应该是让步,
而不是条件。
答案判定:
If改为Although或者Though
考点2
时间状语从句
1.
when指的是“某一具体的时间”,
从句中谓语是延续性动词或非延续性动词。
When
we
handed
him
the
bag
of
food,
he
lit
up
and
thanked
us
with
watery
eyes.
2.
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
You
can
ask
for
help
whenever
you
need
it.
3.
while指“在某一段时间里”,
“在……期间”,
while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
While
he
was
watching
Nirvana
in
Fire,
his
deskmate
learned
all
the
new
words
by
heart.
4.
as(一边……一边)引导持续性动作,
强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
He
hurried
home,
looking
behind
as
he
went.
5.
before意为“在……之前,
在……之后才,
不等……就”。
The
girl
had
hardly
rung
the
bell
before
the
door
was
opened
suddenly,
and
her
friend
rushed
out
to
greet
her.
6.
after意为“在……之后”。
Several
years
after
they’d
split
up
they
met
again
by
chance
in
Beijing.
7.
till/until:
如果主句动词是延续性动词,
常用肯定式,
表示“直到……为止”;
如果主句动词是瞬间性动词,
要用否定式,
表示“直到……才”“在……以前不”,
从句放在句首表示强调,
一般用until。
I
enjoyed
the
long
summer
evenings
until
school
began
in
the
fall.
8.
since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,
谓语通常是短暂性动词,
主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
I
have
been
teaching
here
since
I
left
college.
9.
as
soon
as/hardly.
.
.
when/no
sooner.
.
.
than/the
moment/the
instant/the
second/immediately/directly/
instantly:
hardly.
.
.
when和no
sooner.
.
.
than的意义相当于as
soon
as,
但只表示过去发生的事情,
主句为过去完成时,
从句为过去时,
如hardly或no
sooner位于句首时语气强,
而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
Just
use
this
room
for
the
time
being,
and
we’ll
offer
you
a
larger
one
as
soon
as
it
becomes
available.
10.
every
time/each
time/last
time/next
time/by
the
time:
在时间状语从句中,
不能用一般将来时或过去将来时,
而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。
Next
time
you
come
here,
I
will
tell
you.
【点津】时间状语从句的3个重点句型
(1)It
will
be.
.
.
before.
.
.
过多久才……
It
will
be
long
before
they
come
back.
他们很久才能回来。
(2)It
won’t
be.
.
.
before.
.
.
不久就……
John
thinks
it
won’t
be
long
before
he
is
ready
for
his
new
job.
(3)It
is/has
been.
.
.
since.
.
.
自从……以来……时间
注意:
since引导的从句如果用瞬间性动词,
表示的时间是从谓语动作开始算起;
如果用延续性动词表示的时间是从动作或状态的结束算起。
It
has
been
a
decade
since
he
joined
the
club.
他加入这个俱乐部已10年了。(从加入俱乐部后算起)
It
is
two
years
and
a
half
since
he
was
an
ambassador
to
France.
他不担任驻法大使已两年半了。(从不再担任驻法大使算起)
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)He
even
scared
my
classmates
away
during
they
came
over
to
play
or
do
homework
with
me.
解题关键:
during是介词,
不能引导状语从句,
when是连词,
可以引导状语从句,
从句中的动词既可以是短暂性动词也可以是延续性动词。此处需要表示时间的连词,
且谓语动词是短暂性动词,
所以用when。
答案判定:
during改为when
【高考题组】用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over
time,
__
the
population
grew,
people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
2.
(2016·浙江高考)_____________________
online
shopping
has
changed
our
life,
not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
as
While/Though/Although
3.
(2016·四川高考)______
it
cried,
she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.
4.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)___
more
and
more
people
speak
the
global
languages
of
English,
Chinese,
Spanish,
and
Arabic,
other
languages
are
rapidly
disappearing.
5.
(2014·浙江高考)______
I
was
a
child,
my
parents
gave
me
a
piggy
bank
to
teach
me
that,
if
I
wanted
something,
I
should
save
money
to
buy
it.
When
As
When
6.
(2014·辽宁高考)Stare
at
him
_____
he
gets
aware
of
it
and
quiets
down.
7.
(2013·上海高考)They
promised
to
develop
a
software
package
by
the
end
of
this
year,
________
difficulty
they
might
have.
until
whatever
考点3
地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.
地点状语从句常考查:
(1)where与wherever意义基本相同,
但后者语气较强,
多用于书面语。
Today,
we
will
begin
where
we
stopped
yesterday
so
that
no
point
will
be
left
out.
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where
there’s
a
will,
there’s
a
way.
【点津】where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰主句的谓语动词,
而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面,
即此时有明显的地点名词。
When
solving
the
problem
a
second
time,
you’d
better
be
more
careful
where
you
made
a
mistake.
=When
solving
the
problem
a
second
time,
you’d
better
be
more
careful
in
the
place
where
you
made
a
mistake.
2.
条件状语从句常用引导词:
if/unless/as
long
as/so
long
as/in
case/so
far
as/as
far
as。
(1)unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式;
unless和if.
.
.
not同义,
unless是书面语,
if.
.
.
not是口语,
二者通常可以换用。
The
little
boy
won’t
go
to
sleep
unless
his
mother
tells
him
a
story.
(2)条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
So
long
as
you
work
hard,
you
will
succeed.
【典例剖析】用适当的连词填空
(2014·重庆高考)Half
an
hour
later,
Lucy
still
couldn’t
get
a
taxi__________the
bus
had
dropped
her.
解题关键:
把握所填空前后的关系,
从couldn’t
get
a
taxi与the
bus
had
dropped
her的逻辑关系上看应表示地点。
答案判定:
where
【高考题组】用适当的连词填空
1.
(2014·辽宁高考)__
you
don’t
mind,
I’ll
stop
and
take
a
deep
breath.
2.
(2014·湖南高考)You
will
never
gain
success
______
you
are
fully
devoted
to
your
work.
3.
(2013·上海高考)I
cannot
hear
the
professor
clearly
as
there
is
too
much
noise
______
I
am
sitting.
If
unless
where
考点4
其他状语从句
1.
目的状语从句
(1)so
that/in
order
that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can,
could等。
The
police
officers
in
our
city
work
hard
in
order
that
the
rest
of
us
can
live
a
safe
life.
(2)for
fear
that(唯恐,
以防)与in
case所引导的目的状语从句中,
谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。
The
boy
hid
himself
behind
the
tree
for
fear
that
his
father
might
see
him.
Take
your
umbrella
in
case
it
should
rain.
【点津】in
case当“万一,
如果”讲时,
引导条件状语从句。
In
case
he
leaves,
please
inform
me.
(3)目的状语从句可以用so
as
to,
in
order
to等代替,
但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
He
got
up
early
in
order
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
=He
got
up
early
so
as
to/in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
2.
结果状语从句
(1)so
that前有逗号,
引导结果状语从句。
We
turned
up
the
radio,
so
that
everyone
heard
the
news.
(2)so.
.
.
that中so后面跟形容词或副词。
He
was
so
excited
that
he
couldn’t
say
a
word.
(3)such.
.
.
that中such后面跟名词,
如果名词是单数就要用such
a/an.
.
.
that,
还可以转换为so+adj.
+a/an+n.
+.
.
.
that,
语气较强。
Jack
is
so
honest
a
worker
that
we
all
believe
him.
=Jack
is
such
an
honest
worker
that
we
all
believe
him.
3.
原因状语从句
(1)because用来回答why的提问,
语气最强,
一般放在主句之后。
The
old
man
asked
Lucy
to
move
to
another
chair
because
he
wanted
to
sit
next
to
his
wife.
(2)since表示既然或已知的理由,
稍加分析即可表明的原因,
多放在句首。
Since
everyone
is
here,
let’s
begin
our
meeting.
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首,
说明次要的原因,
主句说明结果,
常用于口语中(注意比较:
for连接的是并列句)。
As
he
didn’t
know
much
English,
he
looked
up
the
word
in
the
dictionary.
【知识拓展】
considering
that,
seeing
that,
now
that和since意义相似,
都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,
that可以省去。
He
finished
his
task
very
well,
considering
(that)
it
was
quite
different.
鉴于这项任务相当特殊,
他完成得很不错。
4.
方式状语从句
(1)as引导状语从句,
意为“按照”。
Do
as
you
are
told
to.
(2)as
if或as
though的意义和用法基本一样;
从句中可以用陈述语气表示极可能符合事实,
也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。
Jack
wasn’t
saying
anything
but
the
teacher
smiled
at
him
as
if
he
had
done
something
very
clever.
5.
比较状语从句
(1)as.
.
.
as;
not
so/as.
.
.
as;
the
same.
.
.
as表示同程度级的比较,
肯定句用as.
.
.
as,
否定句可用not
as.
.
.
as或not
so.
.
.
as。
He
doesn’t
run
so/as
fast
as
Jack
(does).
(2)than表示不同程度的比较,
主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。
He
runs
less
fast
than
me.
他跑得不如我快。
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2014·浙江高考)Cathy
had
quit
her
job
when
her
son
was
born
such
that
she
could
stay
home
and
raise
her
family.
解题关键:
由关键信息quit
her
job以及stay
home
and
raise
her
family可知,
stay
home
and
raise
her
family是辞职的目的。so
that引导目的状语从句。
答案判定:
such改为so
【高考题组】用适当的连词填空
1.
(2016·北京高考)I
really
enjoy
listening
to
music
_______
it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The
set
worked
so
beautifully
when
I
first
got
it
home
____
I
would
keep
it
on
until
stations
signed
off
for
the
night.
because
that
3.
(2014·北京高考)_____
this
student
worked
so
hard
on
the
posters,
she
deserves
a
prize,
too.
4.
(2014·江苏高考)He
withdrew
from
many
school
activities
_______
he
didn’t
have
the
time
or
the
clothes.
Since
because(共43张PPT)
九、情态动词和虚拟语气
一、情态动词
考点1
9大情态动词的基本用法
1.
can/could
(1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)
The
police
still
haven’t
found
the
missing
child,
but
they’re
doing
all
they
can.
(2)表示理论上的可能性,
“有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)
It
can
be
quite
windy
there,
especially
in
spring.
(3)表示请求和允许,
口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在,
用以委婉地提出请求等,
但回答时必须用can)
Could
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
railway
station
(4)表示推测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问句中)
Just
be
patient.
You
can’t
expect
the
world
to
change
so
soon.
2.
may/might
(1)表示请求、允许、许可,
might比may的语气更委婉
—May
I
take
the
book
out
—I’m
afraid
not.
(2)表示推测“可能”,
可能性比can/could小
—I
don’t
really
like
James.
Why
did
you
invite
him
—Don’t
worry.
He
might
not
come.
He
said
he
wasn’t
certain
what
his
plans
were.
3.
must
(1)表示“必须;
应该”
—Shall
I
inform
him
of
the
change
of
the
schedule
right
now
—I
am
afraid
you
must,
in
case
he
comes
late
for
the
meeting.
(2)表示“偏要,
硬要”做某事
If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
(3)表示推测,
“一定”
—Good
morning.
I’ve
got
an
appointment
with
Miss
Smith
in
the
Personnel
Department.
—Ah,
good
morning.
You
must
be
Mrs
Peter.
4.
shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,
表示征求对方的意见
Shall
we
go
to
the
theatre
by
bus
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,
表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;
此外,
表示法律、条文中规定必须……时也用shall
—Will
you
read
me
a
story,
Mummy
—OK.
You
shall
have
one
if
you
go
to
bed
as
soon
as
possible.
5.
should
(1)表示劝告和建议,
作“应该”讲
You
should
learn
from
each
other.
(2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪,
意为“竟然”
It
is
surprising
that
you
should
not
know
it.
(3)用在if条件句中,
表示可能性很小,
但也不是完全不可能
If
you
should
fail
to
come,
ask
Mr
Smith
to
work
in
your
place.
6.
will/would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿
—Why
didn’t
you
come
to
Simon’s
party
last
night
—I
wanted
to,
but
my
mom
simply
would
not
let
me
out
so
late
at
night.
(2)表示“请求;
建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些
Will/Would
you
please
keep
the
door
open
(3)表示习惯,
will可以表示现在的习惯,
意为“总是;
习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would
He
would
get
up
early
when
he
lived
in
the
country.
(4)表示事物的某种性质和倾向,
或按规律“注定会”
Oil
will
float
on
water.
7.
need
表示“需要;
必要”,
用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中
I
needn’t
worry
about
my
weekend—I
always
have
my
plans
ready
before
it
comes.
8.
dare
表示“敢;
敢于”,
主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,
一般不用于肯定句。I
dare
say是习惯说法,
意为“我想,
大概”
I
daren’t
catch
the
mouse.
9.
ought
to
表示义务,
意为“应当”,
语气比should强,
表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测,
意为“应是,
应该”
You
ought
to
work
harder
than
before.
【点津】3组易混词(组)用法比较
情态动词
主要用法
can
(could)/
be
able
to
can/could
can只有现在式和过去式(could),
表示一般能力
be
able
to
有更多的时态形式,
was/were
able
to表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事
must/
have
to
must
侧重表示说话人的主观看法,
常译为“非要,
偏要”;
只有一种形式
have
to
表示客观需要,
有多种时态形式
情态动词
主要用法
would/
used
to
would
表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作,
没有与现在对比的含义
used
to
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,
强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不再……了”)
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.
解题关键:
情态动词can后要接动词原形。
答案判定:
chose改为choose
【高考题组】单句改错/单句语法填空
1.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)We
can
lie
on
the
grass
for
a
rest,
or
sat
by
the
lake
listening
to
music.
(改错)
_________
2.
(2016·北京高考)I
love
the
weekend,
because
I
_______
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
3.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)You
may
____
(find)
that
your
child
is
attracted
by
one
more
than
another.
sat改为sit
needn’t
find
考点2
5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意 义
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定、
肯定
Jack
described
his
father,
who
must
have
been
a
brave
boy
many
years
ago,
as
a
strong-willed
man.
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意 义
can(could)
疑问句,
否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能,
能够
It
can’t
be
the
postman
at
the
door.
It’s
only
six
o’clock.
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意 义
may
(might)
肯定句,
否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许,
可能
—I
left
my
handbag
on
the
train,
but
luckily
someone
gave
it
to
a
railway
official.
—How
unbelievable
to
get
it
back!
I
mean,
someone
might
have
stolen
it.
情态动词
适用句式
适用时态
意 义
should
(ought
to)
肯定句,
否定句
一般时、完成时
确定或期待,
“应该”
I
shouldn’t
have
watched
that
movie—it’ll
give
me
horrible
dreams.
will
(would)
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
一般时、进行时、完成时
大概
This
will
be
the
house
you’re
looking
for.
二、虚拟语气
考点1状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
1.
非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if条件从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/
might+动词原形
If
I
had
time,
I
would
go
there.
if条件从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示过去情况
had+过去分词
should/would/could/
might+have+过去分词
If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
couldn’t/wouldn’t
have
missed
the
bus.
表示将来情况
should+动词原形
should/would/could/might+动词原形
动词过去式
were
to+动词原形
If
it
should
rain/rained/were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
sports
meeting
would
be
put
off.
2.
目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
for
fear
that/in
case+从句:
从句谓语用should+动词原形,
意为“以防,
万一”。
We
got
up
early
for
fear
that
we
should
miss
the
early
bus.
3.
方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
as
if/as
though+从句:
(1)与现在事实相反,
从句用一般过去时;
(2)与过去事实相反,
从句用过去完成时;
(3)与将来事实相反,
从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。
She
speaks
English
as
if/as
though
she
were
a
native
of
New
York.
4.
一些特殊结构的虚拟语气
(1)在条件句中的省略:
如果虚拟条件句中含有were,
should,
had三个词,
可将if省略,
把这三个词前置于主语之前,
形成部分倒装。
Were
I
in
your
position,
I
would
do
the
same.
(2)错综时间虚拟句:
当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,
这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If
you
had
taken
the
doctor’s
advice,
you
would
be
better
now.
(3)含蓄虚拟条件句:
有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来,
而是暗含在上下文中,
如通过介词(短语)with,
without,
but
for等来表示。
We
would
have
put
John’s
name
on
the
race
list
yesterday
but
for
his
recent
injury.
考点2
其他从句中虚拟语气的用法
1.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
It
is
desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important
/strange/natural/essential/a
pity+that从句,
从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It’s
strange
that
she
(should)
make
so
much
trouble.
2.
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)表示“建议,
命令,
要求”等意义时,
宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持:
动词insist;
②命令:
order,
command;
③建议:
动词advise,
suggest,
propose,
recommend;
④要求:
动词request,
require,
demand,
ask。
Teachers
recommend
parents
not
allow
their
children
under
12
to
ride
bicycles
to
school
for
safety.
【点津】①suggest意为“表明,
暗示”时,
宾语从句不用虚拟语气;
②insist意为“坚持说”时,
宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(2)I
wish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。
①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,
从句用一般过去时;
How
he
wishes
that
he
were
a
bird!
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,
从句用过去完成时;
We
wish
that
we
had
visited
the
Great
Wall
last
year.
③表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小,
从句常用could/would
+动词原形。
We
wish
we
would
live
on
the
moon
one
day.
(3)would
rather/prefer+
that从句(从句用虚拟语气)
①表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”,
从句用一般过去时。
I
would
rather
you
were
not
here
with
me
now.
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,
从句用过去完成时。
I
would
rather
you
hadn’t
done
that.
3.
表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在suggestion,
proposal,
order,
plan,
idea,
request,
advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should+)动词原形”。
He
gave
orders
that
the
guests
(should)
be
hospitably
entertained.
(2)as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气,
与现在事实相反用一般过去时;
与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
It
looks
as
if
he
were
10
years
younger
today.
It
looks
as
if
he
hadn’t
had
a
meal
for
a
week.
4.
定语从句中的虚拟语气
It’s
(about/high/very)
time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气,
谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形,
should不能省略),
意为“某人该做某事了”。
It’s
time
that
we
should
go/went
home.
5.
if
only从句中的虚拟语气
【点津】if
only引导的感叹句,
其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
If
only
the
driver
hadn’t
driven
so
fast
then!
【典例剖析】改错
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
解题关键:
suggest表示“建议”,
后面接宾语从句时,
从句中谓语用should+动词原形或把should省略。
答案判定:
can改为should或去掉can
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
(2016·北京高考)Why
didn’t
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week
If
you
________(tell)
me,
I
could
have
helped.
2.
(2016·天津高考)I
was
wearing
a
seatbelt.
If
I
hadn’t
been
wearing
one,
I
______________________(injure).
had
told
would
have
been
injured三、形容词和副词
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
Some
of
them
looked
very
anxious
and________(disappoint).
2.
Bob
ran
the
100
meters
in
9.
91
seconds,
and
I
have
not
seen
anyone________
(good)this
year.
3.
________(similar),
when
Ron
Webster
borrowed
a
book
from
the
library
of
the
University
of
Liverpool,
he
also
forgot
to
return
it.
4.
So
it’s
actually________(healthy)than
wearing
shoes.
5.
If
you
come
for
a
private
instructor
like
me,
it’s
going
to
be
a
bit________
(little)expensive
than
going
to
a
big
school.
The
thing
is,
people
have
usually
heard
of
the
big
school
and
trust
them,
so
they’d
rather
spend
more
money
on
big
schools.
6.
I’ll
spend
three
days
in
Shanghai
and
then
two________(many)days
in
Beijing
before
I
leave.
7.
The
results
were
telling:
people
sitting________(far)from
the
front
door
ate
the
fewest
salads.
8.
Even________(early)than
this,
local
Indians
had
told
European
travelers
about
a
great
city.
9.
I’m
so
happy
you
have
handled
this
so________(beauty).
10.
Many
children
around
the
world
live
in
areas
where
adults________
(regular)
smoke.
答案：1.
disappointed
2.
better
3.
Similarly
4.
healthier
5.
less
6.
more
7.
farthest/furthest
8.
earlier
9.
beautifully
10.
regularly
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
On
the
left-hand
side
of
the
class,
I
could
easy
see
the
football
field.
____________
2.
The
fruits
are
small
in
size,
but
juicy
and
taste.
____________
3.
Not
until
then
did
I
realize
words
could
be
powerfully
in
both
positive
and
negative
ways.
____________
4.
The
teachers
here
are
kind
and
helpfully.
____________
5.
Some
days
before
I
talked
about
medicines
with
an
American.
____________
6.
In
the
evening,
she
continued
to
study
until
deeply
into
night.
____________
7.
Please
write
back
and
tell
us
if
it
is
nicely
enough.
____________
8.
Even
though
some
old
people
are
becoming
immorally,
we
can’t
let
it
disappear.
____________
9.
We
all
find
the
Reading
Week
very
beneficially.
____________
10.
Other
people
will
hate
getting
on
with
you
and
your
life
will
become
difficulty.
____________
答案：1.
easy改为easily
2.
taste改为tasty
3.
powerfully改为powerful
4.
helpfully改为helpful
5.
before改为ago
6.
deeply改为deep
7.
nicely改为nice
8.
immorally改为immoral
9.
beneficially改为beneficial
10.
difficulty改为difficult
Ⅲ.
语法知识与写作
1.
尽管我们不能够永远活着,
但我们现在正在过一种更长寿的生活。
Even
though
we
can’t
live
forever,
we________________than
ever
before.
2.
他们应该是这样的一些人:
深受我们的欢迎、对待生活积极乐观、与人友善并且总是乐于助人。
They
should
be
someone
popular
with
us,
positive
to
life,
kind
to
people
and
________________.
3.
通过阅读,
我们将变得更加聪明和明智。
Through
reading,
we
will________________.
4.
尽管他看起来严肃,
但是他真的很有趣。
________________,
he
is
really
fun.
5.
在我们家里,
我们尽一切所能使她感觉到舒适。
We
did
all
the
things
we
could________________in
our
home.
6.
我很兴奋地了解到你们要一起创办一本杂志。
________________that
you
will
start
a
magazine
together.
7.
如果你想了解更多的有关英语角的事情,
你可以和这里的学生交流一下。
If
you________________,
you
may
talk
to
the
students
here.
8.
他们为班里的同学预订了专门为其设计的毕业戒指。
They
order
rings________________.
答案：1.
are
living
a
longer
life
2.
always
ready
to
help
others
3.
become
even
smarter
and
wiser
4.
Though
he
looks
serious
5.
to
make
her
feel
comfortable
6.
I’m
very
excited
to
learn
7.
want
to
know
more
about
the
English
corner
8.
designed
especially
for
their
class
【语篇题组】
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Just
up
the
road
from
my
home
is
a
field,
with
two
1.
__________(horse)in
it.
From
a
distance,
each
horse
looks
like
the
other
horse.
But
if
you
get
a
2.
_________
(close)look
you
will
notice
one
of
them
is
blind.
Instead
of
abandoning
him,
his
owner
has
made
him
a
safe
and
3.
__________
(comfort)barn
to
live
in.
And
if
you
stand
nearby
and
listen,
you
will
hear
4.
_______
sound
of
a
bell
coming
from
the
smaller
horse.
Attached
to
5.
_________
(it)halter(缰绳)is
a
small,
copper-colored
bell
assisting
the
blind
friend
to
follow
him.
As
you
watch
them,
you’ll
find
the
horse
with
the
bell
always
checking
on
the
blind
one,
and
that
the
horse
with
6.
__________(blind)will
listen
for
the
bell
and
then
slowly
walk
to
where
the
other
one
is,
trusting
he
will
not
be
led
astray.
When
the
horse
with
the
bell
7.
__________(return)to
the
barn
each
evening,
he
will
stop
8.
________(frequent)to
look
back,
making
sure
that
the
other
one
isn’t
9.
_______
far
behind
to
hear
the
bell.
Sometimes
we
are
the
blind
horse
being
guided
by
the
little
ringing
bell
of
our
acquaintances;
10.
__________other
times
we
are
the
guide
horse,
who
helps
others
to
find
their
way.
【文章大意】本文通过两匹马的故事告诉我们要互相帮助。
1.
【解析】horses。考查名词单复数。horse为可数名词,
前面有two修饰,
故用复数形式。
2.
【解析】closer。考查形容词的比较级。句意:
如果你更靠近一点看,
你会注意到其中一个是失明的。此句暗含比较。
【规律方法】
当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,
很可能填比较级或最高级。
3.
【解析】comfortable。考查词性转换。此空与and前的safe并列,
故此处用形容词形式。
4.
【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指铃铛的声音,
故用定冠词。
5.
【解析】its。考查代词。此处修饰名词,
故可判断此处使用形容词性物主代词。
6.
【解析】blindness。考查词性转换。此空在介词with后,
故用名词形式。
7.
【解析】returns。考查主谓一致。return的主语为the
horse,
且文章为一般现在时态,
故谓语动词用单数形式。
8.
【解析】frequently。修饰动词、形容词、副词,
或整个句子,
作状语,
用副词形式。本句中使用frequently修饰动词stop。
9.
【解析】too。考查固定结构。too.
.
.
to.
.
.
为固定搭配,
意为“太……而不能……”。
10.
【解析】at。考查介词短语。at
other
times为固定搭配,
意为“在其他时候”。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A
teacher
I
liked
best
was
my
Chinese
teacher
in
my
senior
high
school.
He
was
one
of
those
strict
teacher
but
he
was
very
patient
with
us
or
cared
about
each
of
us.
Therefore,
we
students
all
respected
about
him.
He
told
us
many
interested
and
amazing
stories
and
spent
a
lot
of
time
teaching
us
how
to
getting
along
well
with
others.
She
always
wrote
helpful
suggestions
and
advice
for
writing,
organizing
and
presenting
better
work.
He
encouraged
us
read
and
write
for
pleasure,
which
gives
us
confidence.
He
always
made
us
feel
happily
in
his
class.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中A→The。根据句意“我最喜欢的老师是我高中时期的语文老师”可知,
此处的teacher为特指,
故用定冠词the。
2.
【解析】第二句中teacher→teachers。此处表示“他是最严格的老师之一”,
故teacher用复数形式。
3.
【解析】第二句中or→and。句意:
他对我们非常耐心,
而且关心我们每一个人。句中“非常耐心”与“关心每一个人”之间表示并列关系而非选择。
4.
【解析】第三句中about去掉。respect为及物动词,
其后直接跟宾语,
respect
sb.
意为“尊敬某人”。
5.
【解析】第四句中interested→interesting。句意:
他告诉我们很多有趣的故事……。-ing形式的形容词往往用来修饰物。
6.
【解析】第四句中getting→get。how
to
get
along
well
with
others意为“如何和其他人友好相处”,
“疑问词+to
do”是固定结构。
7.
【解析】第五句中She→He。根据上下文可知,
此处代词使用错误。
8.
【解析】第六句在us后加to。考查固定搭配。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
9.
【解析】第六句中gives→gave。考查时态。通篇文章都使用的是一般过去时。
10.
【解析】第七句中happily→happy。考查系表结构。句中feel为系动词,
其后需要跟形容词作表语。七、定语从句
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
Next
year
I’ll
go
into
Year
12,
_______
will
be
my
last
year
of
high
school.
2.
The
two
men
saw
temples
and
pyramids,
squares
and
houses,
and
places
_______
kings
had
lived
when
the
Mayan
people
ruled
the
region.
3.
Anyone
_______
upgrades
their
professional
knowledge
to
a
new
level
can
apply
for
these
courses.
4.
Will
you
think
of
those
individuals
_______
have
helped
you
get
through
difficulty
when
you
are
leading
a
comfortable
life
5.
He
was
surprised
to
see
a
neatly
dressed,
middle-aged
professor,
_______
worked
in
the
university
near
his
house.
6.
Luckily
he
had
brought
some
work
home
from
the
office,
with
_______
he
kept
himself
busy
for
a
couple
of
hours.
答案：1.
which
2.
where
3.
who/that
4.
who/that
5.
who
6.
which
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
Children
easily
open
the
bottle
what
we
now
use
in
China.
________________________________
2.
It’s
really
nice
to
visit
Sydney,
which
beautiful
scenery
and
delicious
food
gave
me
a
better
impression.
________________________________
3.
At
the
same
time,
another
student,
that
saw
everything,
went
up
to
help.
________________________________
4.
Last
month
our
school
held
a
Reading
Week,
which
aim
was
to
encourage
the
students
to
read
widely.
________________________________
5.
A
journal
called
Annals
of
Family
Medicine
recently
published
an
article,
who
called
for
doctors
to
start
treating
children’s
contact
to
secondhand
smoke
as
abuse.
________________________________
答案：1.
what改为that/which或去掉what
2.
which改为whose
3.
that改为who
4.
which改为whose
5.
who改为which
语法知识与写作
1.
更糟糕的是,
当他们穿越马路时,
他们也不愿错过上网或玩游戏的机会,
这很可能会引起严重事故并威胁他们的生命。
Worse
still,
they
won’t
miss
the
chance
of
surfing
the
Internet
or
playing
games
when
they
cross
the
road,
________________________and
threaten
their
lives.
2.
我是一个中国的学生,
我计划假期去英国参加一个暑期学校。
I
am
a
student
in
China
and
I
plan
to
go
to
Britain________________________
during
the
vacation.
3.
我已经让他给你带来你以前要过的那幅中国画。
I’ve
asked
him
to
bring
you
the
Chinese
painting________________________.
4.
我的家乡在巢湖畔,
巢湖不但提供丰富的资源而且也是一个受欢迎的景点。
My
hometown
is
by
Chaohu
Lake,
________________________but
also
is
a
popular
tourist
attraction.
5.
我们当中有些人帮忙把书摆放到书架上,
有的人则提供帮助给那些在使用电脑方面有问题的人。
Some
of
us
helped
with
shelving
books
and
some
offered
assistance
to
the
people
________________________the
computers.
答案：1.
which
is
likely
to
cause
serious
accidents
2.
where
I’ll
attend
a
summer
school
3.
that/which
you
have
asked
for
before
4.
which
not
only
provides
abundant
resources
5.
who
had
problems
with
using
语篇题组
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few
people
like
changing
their
habits,
good
or
bad.
Whether
it
is
smoking,
drinking
1.
__________over-eating,
they
continue“enjoying”them
to
the
end.
On
every
packet
of
cigarettes,
people
2.
__________(warn)not
to
smoke,
“Warning:
Cigarette
Smoking
Is
3.
__________(danger)to
Your
Health.
”However,
millions
of
them
start
smoking
or
go
on
smoking.
Why
Facts
show
that
families
and
surroundings
play
4.
__________important
part
in
influencing
smokers.
Almost
all
smokers
come
from
smoking
families
or
have
friends
or
relatives
addicted
to
smoking.
Films
and
TV
plays
also
play
a
part,
in
5.
__________people
often
watch
their“heroes”smoking
cigarettes.
“Heroes”seem
to
fear
nothing,
neither
killing
6.
__________(they)nor
killing
others
with
cigarettes.
If
they
are
not
afraid
of
the
harm
of
smoking,
7.
__________should
common
people
be
afraid
The
simple
warning
on
the
cigarette
packet
does
not
influence
smokers’
habits.
Even
stronger
warnings,
like
showing
pictures
of
smokers
8.
__________(die)of
cancer,
don’t
seem
to
work.
Knowing
and
believing
seem
to
be
two
different
9.
__________(thing).
If
smoking
is
really
as
harmful
as
doctors
say,
it
is
time
that
smokers
10.
__________
(take)it
seriously
and
tried
to
give
it
up!
【文章大意】本文为议论文,
讲述了人们吸烟的原因,
并呼吁烟民戒烟。
1.
【解析】or。考查连词。whether.
.
.
or.
.
.
是固定搭配,
意思是“无论是……还是……”。
2.
【解析】are
warned。考查动词的时态和语态。主语people与谓语动词warn之间是被动关系,
应用被动语态;
这里说的是客观事实,
应用一般现在时。
3.
【解析】Dangerous。考查词性转变。空格中所填单词在句中作表语,
需用danger的形容词形式。
4.
【解析】an。考查冠词。play
an
important
part
in.
.
.
意思是“在……中起重要作用”,
且由于important是以元音音素开头,
需用不定冠词an。
5.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。in
which
people
often
watch
their“heroes”smoking
cigarettes是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,
修饰先行词Films
and
TV
plays。
6.
【解析】themselves。考查代词。句意是“偶像们既没有因为吸烟自己送命,
也没有伤及他人”,
故用they的反身代词。
7.
【解析】why。考查疑问词。句意是“如果这些偶像不害怕吸烟的危害,
普通人为什么要害怕呢
”
8.
【解析】dying。考查非谓语动词。dying
of
cancer是现在分词短语作后置定语,
修饰smokers,
分词动作die与逻辑主语smokers之间是主动关系。
9.
【解析】things。考查名词。空格中所填单词前有基数词two修饰,
需用thing的复数形式。
10.
【解析】took。考查虚拟语气句型。句型“it
is
time
that.
.
.
”中,
that从句中谓语动词要用过去式或用should+动词原形,
但should不可省略;
空格中所填单词与本空后的tried构成并列,
故用take的一般过去式。
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear
friends,
My
name
is
Li
Hua.
I
would
like
to
share
my
heroes
with
you,
one
of
my
classmates
naming
Wang
Yue.
When
Wang
Yue
was
born,
he
was
suffered
from
a
rare
disease,
that
made
him
unable
to
walk
normally.
However,
he
has
to
sit
in
a
wheelchair
all
day.
But
Wang
Yue
stayed
positive
about
life.
He
works
hardly
at
his
lessons
because
he
has
a
big
dream.
His
ambition
is
to
become
scientist
when
he
grows
up.
Wang
Yue
is
my
hero
because
he
never
gives
in
his
dream
although
he
has
a
physical
disability.
His
example
inspires
us
to
try
my
best
to
make
our
dream
come
true.
That’s
all.
Thank
you.
答案:
1.
【解析】第二句中heroes→hero。通览全文可知,
本文讲述的是“我”心中的英雄王越,
故用单数形式。
2.
【解析】第二句中naming→named。此处name与前面修饰的名词one
of
my
classmates之间为被动关系。
3.
【解析】第三句中第二个was去掉。suffer
from意为“遭受”,
在句中一般不用被动形式。
4.
【解析】第三句中that→which。此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句,
that只能引导限制性定语从句。
【误区警示】
which引导非限制性定语从句代表主句的内容是短文改错考查的重点内容,
需要特别注意that不可引导非限制性定语从句。另外,
it作为代词也可代替前半句的内容,
但其前面一般有连词出现。例如:
His
mother
tried
to
persuade
him
to
study
hard,
which
didn’t
help.
=His
mother
tried
to
persuade
him
to
study
hard,
but
it
didn’t
help.
5.
【解析】第四句中However→Therefore。上下句之间表示因果关系。
6.
【解析】第五句中stayed→stays。此处是在叙述王越的精神状态,
根据前面的has
to
sit也可知应该用一般现在时。
7.
【解析】第六句中hardly→hard。hardly意为“几乎不”。work
hard努力学习。
8.
【解析】第七名句中become后加不定冠词a。become
a
scientist表示“成为一名科学家”。
9.
【解析】第八句中in→up。give
in投降;
give
up放弃。此处意为王越是我心中的英雄,
因为他从未放弃自己的梦想。
10.
【解析】第九句中my→our。句意:
他的事迹鼓舞我们要尽全力去实现我们的梦想。本着主语一致的原则,
本句采用的是第一人称复数的形式,
故my改为our。十、特殊句式
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
It
was
he
__________
took
him
to
the
hospital.
2.
Ask
her
if
it
is
a
convenient
time.
If
__________,
can
she
suggest
another
time
3.
It
was
during
this
time
__________
he
loaned
a
book
titled
Structure
and
Function
in
Primitive
Society.
4.
Keep
it
in
mind,
__________
gradually
we
can
gain
this
good
learning
habit
and
benefit
from
it.
5.
So
memorable
__________
(be)our
time
in
England
that
I
will
treasure
it
forever.
6.
In
hospital,
when
__________
(tell)she
would
never
sing
again,
she
couldn’t
believe
it.
答案：1.
who/that
2.
not
3.
that
4.
and
5.
is
6.
told
Ⅱ.
语法知识与写作
1.
我相信只有通过努力学习各门学科我才能使我的梦想实现。
I
believe,
only
by
working
hard
at
all
subjects
______________________.
2.
我的故事表明只有用一颗专一的心去做事情我们最终才能成功。
My
story
shows
that
only
if
we
do
something
with
a
devoted
heart
______________
at
last.
3.
只是别浪费时间,
要严格遵守日程安排。
______________________,
following
the
schedule
strictly.
4.
到了采取有效措施来尽情享受生活的时候了。
______________________effective
measures
to
live
our
life
to
the
fullest.
5.
一定要珍惜我们周围的人并欣赏我们前方的美景。
______________________around
us
and
appreciate
the
splendid
scenery
ahead
of
us.
6.
只有通过这种方式你才能在大学里和你的同学过着快乐的生活。
Only
in
this
way
______________________with
your
classmates
in
college.
答案：1.
can
I
make
my
dream
come
true
2.
can
we
succeed
3.
Just
don’t
waste
time
4.
It
is
high
time
we
took
5.
Do
cherish
the
ones
6.
can
you
live
a
happy
life
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amalie
Emmy
Noether
was
born
in
Germany
in
1882—an
environment
in
which
a
female1.
__________(probable)could
not
find
a
chance
to
success.
Noether
initially
went
through
the
traditional
educational
route
for
women:
she
finished
school,
and
2.
__________(become)qualified
to
teach
English
and
French.
But
she
soon
found
her
passions
in
math.
3.
__________(gain)higher-level
math
education,
Noether
applied
to
join
a
university.
Unfortunately
German
universities
did
not
accept
female
students,
so
Noether
was
only
allowed
to
audit(旁听)classes.
However,
she
did
so
well
in
the
exams
4.
__________she
was
allowed
to
graduate
from
the
university.
She
experienced
similar
discrimination
when
5.
__________(apply)for
a
job.
In
fact,
she
had
to
accept
6.
__________position
without
being
paid
at
the
University
of
Gottingen
and
wrote
lectures
under
a
man’s
name!
Noether
struggled
and
7.
__________(success)to
find
a
place
in
the
field
of
mathematics.
What’s
more,
Noether
began
studying
physics,
8.
__________led
to
her
greatest
9.
__________(discover)of
Noether’s
Theory
and
changed
the
face
of
physics.
Over
the
past
few
years,
Noether’s
work
10.
__________(get)the
recognition
it
deserves;
she
was
honored
with
a
Google
doodle
on
her
133rd
birthday,
March
23,
2015.
【文章大意】本文主要向我们介绍了一个成功的女性人物——Amalie
Emmy
Noether。
1.
【解析】probably。考查词性转换。此空修饰动词find,
故用副词形式。
2.
【解析】became。考查动词时态。根据and前动词finish的形式,
可判断此处用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】To
gain。考查非谓语动词。句意:
为了获得更高水平的数学教育,
Noether申请上大学。
4.
【解析】that。考查状语从句。so.
.
.
that为固定搭配,
意为“如此……以至于……”。
5.
【解析】applying。考查省略结构。该句为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,
补充完整应为when
she
was
applying
for
a
job。
6.
【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:
事实上,
在格廷根大学,
她不得不接受一个没有薪水的职位。
7.
【解析】succeeded。考查词性转换。此空形式应和and前struggled保持一致。
8.
【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。此处为定语从句,
从句中缺主语,
主语为前面整个句子,
故用which。
9.
【解析】discovery。考查词性转换。greatest为形容词最高级形式,
后要用名词形式。
10.
【解析】has
got。考查动词的时态。over
the
past
few
years意为“在过去的几年中”,
为现在完成时的标志。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2016·吉林一模)
Last
weekend,
I
went
to
visit
my
uncle
in
Qingdao
with
my
parents.
They
took
the
train
and
got
here
on
Friday
afternoon.
It
was
a
comfortable
train
and
we
enjoy
the
wonderful
view
along
the
railway.
On
Saturday,
it
rained
lot,
so
we
had
to
stay
at
home.
While
the
adults
were
chatting,
I
played
card
with
my
cousins.
Unluckily,
it
was
sunny
on
Sunday.
We
went
to
the
beach
together
but
played
in
the
water.
The
beautiful
sea
and
fresh
air
made
us
very
happily
and
relaxed.
How
a
wonderful
experience!
I
hope
for
to
be
close
to
the
sea
again.
答案:
1.
【解析】第二句中的They→We。根据上句话中的关键词I和my
parents可知,
此处应该用第一人称复数形式。
2.
【解析】第二句中的here→there。句意:
周五下午我们乘火车去那里。
3.
【解析】第三句中的enjoy→enjoyed。通篇文章讲述过去发生的一件事情,
故用一般过去时。
【规律方法】
动词时态与语态是高考短文改错的必考项目。解决这个考点,
考生要重点关注时间状语和谓语动词。一般而言,
文章的第一句话往往是整篇文章的“铺垫”。通过第一句话可知道事情的时间、地点、主人公甚至发生了什么事情。所以,
关注首句的以上几个要素也就成为了解决问题的关键。
4.
【解析】第四句中lot前加a。a
lot“非常,
很”。句意:
周六雨下得很大。
5.
【解析】第五句中的card→cards。play
cards玩牌。
6.
【解析】第六句中的Unluckily→Luckily。根据句意可知,
“周日天气晴朗”应该是“幸运的事情”。
7.
【解析】第七句中的but→and。句意:
我们一起去了海边,
还在水中玩耍”,
前后之间为并列关系。
8.
【解析】第八句中的happily→happy。make
us
happy意为“使我们高兴”,
其中happy为宾语补足语。
9.
【解析】第九句中的How→What。感叹句中what修饰名词,
而how修饰形容词。
10.
【解析】第十句中的for去掉。句意:
我希望能够再次亲近大海。hope
to
do/be希望……。(共67张PPT)
二、非谓语动词
考点1
非谓语动词作状语
1.
不定式作状语
(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。
(2)目的状语可与so
as
to/in
order
to替换,
但so
as
to一般不可置于句首。
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果,
常用only
to
do。
I
was
satisfied
to
hear
the
news.
(原因状语)
To
catch
the
first
bus,
he
got
up
very
early.
(目的状语)
I
rushed
to
school
only
to
find
nobody
was
there.
(结果状语)
【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构:
only/just
to.
.
.
;
too.
.
.
to.
.
.
;
so/such
as
to.
.
.
;
.
.
.
enough
(for
sb.
)
to.
.
.
2.
分词作状语
(1)v.
-ing形式:
现在分词作状语,
用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,
且含有进行之意。
(2)v.
-ed形式:
a.
过去分词作状语,
用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,
且含有完成之意。
b.
源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,
表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,
其前不用being,
常见的有:
seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于)、born
in(出身于)、dressed
in(穿着)、tired
of(厌烦了)等。
Not
knowing
what
to
do,
I
had
to
wait
here.
Given
more
attention,
the
children
could
have
grown
better.
Absorbed
in
reading,
we
all
didn’t
hear
the
sound.
Having
driven
all
day,
we
were
rather
tired.
【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系,
区别现在分词与过去分词;
②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果,
现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果;
③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;
④现在分词的完成式having
done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,
同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。
3.
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,
构成独立结构,
其形
式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:
generally
speaking一般来说;
frankly
speaking坦白地
说;
judging
from/by.
.
.
根据……来判断;
considering.
.
.
/taking.
.
.
into
consideration考虑到……;
to
tell
you
the
truth说实话;
compared
to/with与……相比较;
to
begin
with首先;
seeing.
.
.
鉴于/由于……;
supposing假设,
如
果;
assuming假使;
given考虑到,
鉴于;
provided
(that.
.
.
)
如果;
concerning关于
4.
独立主格结构
(1)独立主格结构的特点:
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,
它独立存在;
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系;
③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成:
①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;
②名词/代词+形容词;
③名词/代词+副词;
④名词/代词+不定式;
⑤名词/代词+介词短语。
The
test
finished(=When
the
test
was
finished),
we
began
our
holiday.
The
president
assassinated(=After
the
president
was
assassinated),
the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
Weather
permitting(=If
weather
permits),
we
are
going
to
visit
you
tomorrow.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,
__________(use)
twigs(树枝)to
remove
it.
解题关键:
use和逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,
应用现在分词作方式状语。
答案判定:
using
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The
walls
are
now
cold
enough
__________
(cool)
the
house
during
the
hot
day.
解题关键:
固定搭配enough
to
do
sth.
表示“足以做某事”,
to
do作结果状语。
答案判定:
to
cool
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
________(create)
special
designs.
2.
(2016·北京高考)________(order)
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
to
create
Ordered
3.
(2016·天津高考)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows,
_______(make)
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
4.
(2015·四川高考)A
few
months
later,
while
______
(eat),
she
would
even
turn
her
back
to
me.
making
eating
5.
(2015·福建高考)Several
years
ago
I
received
a
letter
from
seventeen-year-old
Kerry,
who
described
herself
as
a
world-class
fault-finder,
almost
always
________
(bother)
by
things.
6.
(2014·湖南高考)
_______(free)
ourselves
from
the
physical
and
mental
tensions,
we
each
need
deep
thought
and
inner
quietness.
bothered
To
free
7.
(2015·陕西高考)I
might
have
to
retire
again
next
year
just
get
some
more
of
these
biscuits.
(改错)
___________
just后添加to
考点2
非谓语动词作定语
定语形式
功 能
现在分词一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being
done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
定语形式
功 能
动词不定式to
do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to
be
done
表示将要被做的动作
That
can
be
a
lot
more
efficient
than
pages
explaining
the
data.
The
problem
discussed
at
last
meeting
was
of
great
importance.
The
matter
being
discussed
now
is
of
great
importance.
The
problem
to
be
discussed
at
the
next
meeting
is
of
great
importance.
【点津】①准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系;
②准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,
即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·浙江高考)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,
I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
__________
(conduct)
in
Australia
in
2012.
解题关键:
回到水污染问题之前,
我想要你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。a
study与conduct之间为被动关系,
由in
2012可知此项研究已经完成,
故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
答案判定:
conducted
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
(2016·四川高考)For
25
days,
she
never
left
her
baby,
not
even
to
find
something
_____
(eat)!
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
_____
(live)
in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
to
eat
living
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The
adobe
dwellings(土坯房)
_____
(build)
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired.
built
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A
study
of
travelers
_________
(conduct)
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
5.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It
carries
articles
_______(write)
by
foreign
friends
about
the
cultures
of
their
home
countries.
conducted
written
6.
(2015·重庆高考)I
learned
through
another
woman’s
eyes
that
my
daughter
was
still
a
good
person
despite
her
________(trouble)
teenage
years.
troubled
考点3
非谓语动词作补足语
1.
“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,
watch,
observe,
notice,
look
at,
hear,
listen
to,
feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/
done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),
doing表主动或正在进行,
done表被动或完成。
The
missing
boy
was
last
seen
playing
near
the
river.
2.
热点动词let,
make,
have,
get,
leave,
keep,
find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
(2015·浙江高考)I
decided
to
try
at
all
costs
to
rid
them
of
their
fear
and
dislike
of
books,
and
to
get
them
to
read
oftener.
3.
固定短语,
如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn
sb.
to
do
sth.
等。
The
patient
was
warned
not
to
eat
oily
food.
4.
with复合结构常用形式:
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner,
and
with
his
work
finished,
he
gladly
accepted
it.
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle,
the
newly
elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
With
the
little
boy
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
village.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016·江苏高考)In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message__________(hide)within
the
work.
解题关键:
message与hide是被动关系,
应用have
sth.
done结构。
答案判定:
hidden
②(2015·天津高考)He’d
seen
us________(sit)by
the
lake
all
those
times.
解题关键:
根据关键信息词all
those
times可知强调“一直坐在湖边”,
故用固定结构see
sb.
doing
sth.
意为“看到某人一直做某事”,
符合语境。
答案判定:
sitting
【高考题组】单句改错
1.
(2015·浙江高考)The
position
of
the
classroom
with
its
view
made
me
felt
like
I
was
dreaming.
__________
felt改为feel
2.
(2015·北京高考)The
loud
music
filled
the
room
and
made
them
to
feel
very
happy.
______
3.
(2015·北京高考)“I
heard
you
play
the
other
night,
”she
said.
“The
sounds
woke
me
out
of
bed.
”
_______________
to删掉
play改为playing
4.
(2015·四川高考)The
groundhog
still
didn’t
have
a
problem
with
me
scratch
her
back,
and
I
got
an
idea.
____________________
scratch改为scratching
考点4
非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式:
1.
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:
suggest,
imagine,
mind,
admit,
practice,
allow,
advise,
risk,
keep,
keep
on,
avoid,
escape,
enjoy,
consider,
excuse,
finish,
miss,
insist
on,
look
forward
to,
feel
like,
get
down
to,
object
to等。
I
admit
breaking
the
window.
It’s
quite
hot
today.
Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim
今天很热,
你想去游泳吗
2.
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:
wish,
hope,
decide,
refuse,
promise,
pretend,
manage,
mean,
plan,
fail,
choose,
would
like等。
If
I
fail
to
appear
by
7
o’clock,
I
will
not
be
coming
at
all.
3.
既可用动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语:
remember,
forget,
regret,
stop,
go
on,
need,
start,
begin,
try等。
Remember
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
you
go
to
bed.
I
remember
reading
about
the
earthquake
in
the
newspaper.
4.
it作形式宾语,
代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
I
think
it
important
to
learn
English
well.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
__________
(introduce)
British
visitors
to
the
120-plus
pandas
at
Chengdu.
解题关键:
include后接动词的-ing形式作宾语。
答案判定:
introducing
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·浙江高考)I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do
________(work)
with
students.
2.
(2015·北京高考)Light
can
pass
through
without
_______(bend).
working
bending
3.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I
showed
them
I
was
independent
by
wear
strange
clothes.
(改错)
________________
4.
(2015·四川高考)I
really
want
share
with
you
some
of
the
problems
I
have
been
experiencing.
(改错)
____________
wear改为wearing
want后添加to
5.
(2015·四川高考)We’ve
been
spending
a
lot
of
time
sing
in
karaoke
bars.
(改错)
______________
6.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After
looks
at
the
toy
for
some
time,
he
turned
around.
(改错)
_______________
sing改为singing
looks改为looking
考点5
非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他
1.
非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作,
不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it作形式主语,
代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:
It
is/was
no
use/good
+
doing
sth.
;
It
is/was
not
any
use/good
+
doing
sth.
;
It
is/was
of
little
use/good
+
doing
sth.
;
It
is/was
useless
doing;
It’s
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.
等。
【点津】在语篇中,
注意所填空前是否有it,
并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it,
从而快速判定所填空是否要用to
do或doing的相应形式。
2.
非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”,
而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。
The
news
was
exciting
and
we
were
excited
the
whole
night.
3.
固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.
+but(to)do
sth.
中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do,
but后则无to,
反之则有to的原则。
He
did
nothing
but
save
the
child
without
hesitation.
She
had
no
choice
but
to
cry
in
face
of
the
difficulty.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It
took
years
of
work
____________
(reduce)
the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.
解题关键:
根据固定句式:
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
“做某事花了某人一段时间”,
可知此处填不定式to
reduce。it是形式主语,
不定式to
reduce是真正的主语。
答案判定:
to
reduce
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
(2014·广东高考)We
got
a
little
__________________
(sunburn),
but
the
day
had
been
so
relaxing
that
we
didn’t
mind.
2.
(2014·湖南高考)_____________(understand)
your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication
is
as
important
as
learning
to
convey
your
affection
and
emotions.
sunburned/sunburnt
Understanding
3.
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)Also,
I’d
like
you
_____(do)
me
a
favor.
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Sometimes
______(give)
from
our
need
instead
of
our
abundance
is
just
what
we
need
to
do!
to
do
giving(共66张PPT)
四、名词、冠词和主谓一致
一、名 词
考点1
名词单复数
1.
单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,
常在词尾加-s,
但中学英语中下列名词要加-es,
即Negroes,
heroes,
potatoes,
tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,
也可以加-s,
它们是:
zeros
(zeroes)零,
mosquitos
(mosquitoes)蚊子,
volcanos
(volcanoes)火山。
(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,
一般直接加-s,
但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉,
加-ves,
即selves,
lives,
thieves,
wives,
knives,
leaves,
shelves,
wolves,
halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,
也可以直接加-s,
如handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)
手帕,
scarfs
(scarves)
围巾。
(3)合成名词变成复数时,
通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,
如果没有主体名词,
则将最后一部分变为复数。例如:
sons-in-law女婿;
passers-by过路人;
story-tellers讲故事的人;
grown-ups成年人;
breakfasts早餐;
housewives家庭主妇。
2.
只有复数形式的可数名词。
一些食物名词或表示一些成双成对的物品名称的名词通常用复数形式,
如noodles,
snacks,
jeans,
earphones,
trousers,
clothes,
pants,
glasses,
shoes,
sunglasses,
scissors,
compasses等。这些名词可单独作主语,
此时谓语动词用复数形式;
也可用a
pair
of或pairs
of修饰作主语,
此时谓语动词取决于pair的形式。
3.
有些名词在形式上虽是单数,
但常表示复数含义,
如people,
police,
cattle,
staff,
“the+adj.
”(表示一类人)。
4.
对于集合名词,
当它表示一个整体时,
视作单数;
当它侧重各个成员时,
视作复数,
如family,
class等。
5.
有些名词单复数同形,
如fish,
deer,
sheep,
Chinese,
Japanese,
means,
species,
series等。
6.
有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,
如congratulations祝贺,
regards问候,
respects敬意,
thanks谢谢,
wishes祝愿等。
7.
表示一类事物总称的名词,
常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”,
如furniture,
equipment,
luggage,
baggage,
homework,
information,
progress,
weather,
wealth等。
8.
有些抽象名词或物质名词可以转化为可数名词。
抽象名词
具体意义
surprise惊讶
a
surprise让人吃惊的人或事
success成功
a
success成功的人或事
pride骄傲
a
pride让人骄傲的人或事
pleasure高兴
a
pleasure令人高兴的事
pity同情
a
pity令人遗憾的事
failure失败
a
failure失败的人或事
抽象名词
具体意义
relief安慰
a
relief令人感到宽慰的事
concern关心
a
concern关心的事
beauty美丽
a
beauty美丽的人或物
drink饮料
a
drink一杯饮料
【典例剖析】单句语法填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent______(study)show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
regularly.
解题关键:
recent是形容词,
修饰名词,
“Recent______”在句中作主语,
根据谓语show可知,
主语需要用复数形式。
答案判定:
studies
【高考题组】单句改错/填空
1.
(2016·浙江高考)When
I
was
a
very
young
children,
my
father
created
a
regular
practice
I
remember
well
years
later.
(改错)
________________
children改为child
2.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If
we
go
on
a
trip
abroad,
we
can
broaden
our
view
and
gain
knowledges
we
cannot
get
from
books.
(改错)
________________________
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
(改错)
__________
knowledges改为knowledge
airs改为air
4.
(2015·浙江高考)My
old
classroom
was
interesting
because
three
side
of
the
classroom
were
made
of
glass.
(改错)
____________
5.
(2015·陕西高考)Mum
taught
me
some
basic
step
of
baking.
(改错)
____________
side改为sides
step改为steps
6.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin,
a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
that
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
________(painting).
7.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)For
most
of
us
the
_______(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work.
paintings
changes
考点2
名词的构词法
常见的名词后缀:
1.
具有某种职业或动作的人
(1)-an/-ian,
表示“……地方的人,
精通……的人”。例如:
American美国人,
historian历史学家,
politician政治家,
政客,
Asian亚洲人,
African非洲人,
Italian意大利人,
physician内科医生。
(2)-ant,
表示“……的人”。例如:
servant佣人,
applicant应征者,
assistant助手。
(3)-ar,
表示“……者”。例如:
scholar学者,
liar说谎者。
(4)-ee,
表示“动作承受者”。例如:
employee雇员,
interviewee被面试者,
examinee应试人,
trainee受训者。
(5)-eer,
表示“从事……的人”。例如:
engineer工程师,
volunteer志愿者。
(6)-er,
表示“从事某种职业的人,
某地区、地方的人”。例如:
observer观察者,
villager村民,
banker银行家,
Londoner伦敦人,
worker工人,
performer表演者,
manager经理,
teacher老师。
(7)-ese,
表示“……国人,
……地方的人”。例如:
Japanese日本人,
Chinese中国人,
Cantonese广东人等。
(8)-ess,
表示“女称名词”。例如:
actress女演员,
hostess女主人。
(9)-ist,
表示“从事……研究者,
信仰……主义者”。例如:
pianist钢琴家,
communist共产主义者,
dentist牙医,
artist艺术家。
(10)-or,
表示“……者”。例如:
author作者,
doctor医生,
operator操作员,
电话接线员,
director导演,
survivor幸存者,
instructor指导者。
2.
具有抽象名词的含义
(1)-acy,
表示“性质,
状态”。例如:
accuracy精确,
privacy隐私,
literacy读写能力,
adequacy足够。
(2)-age,
表示“状态,
行为,
身份及其结果”。例如:
shortage短缺,
storage储存,
marriage婚姻,
courage勇气。
(3)-al,
表示“事物的动作,
过程”。例如:
refusal拒绝,
arrival到达,
survival存活,
approval批准,
proposal提议。
(4)-ance/-ence,
表示“性质,
状况,
行为,
过程,
总量,
程度”。例如:
importance重要,
diligence勤奋,
difference区别,
convenience方便。
(5)-ancy/-ency,
表示“性质,
状态,
行为,
过程”。例如:
frequency频率,
urgency迫切,
efficiency效率,
tendency趋势。
(6)-bility,
表示“性质,
状态”。例如:
ability能力,
disability残疾,
possibility可能性,
probability可能性。
(7)-dom,
表示“等级,
领域,
状态”。例如:
freedom自由,
kingdom国王,
wisdom智慧。
(8)-ion/-sion/-tion/-ation/-ition,
表示“行为的过程,
结果,
状况”。例如:
action行动,
solution解决方案,
conclusion结论,
destruction毁坏,
expression表达,
correction改正,
impression印象。
(9)-ment,
表示“行为,
状态,
过程,
手段及其结果等”。例如:
treatment对待,
治疗,
movement运动,
judgement判断。
(10)-ness,
表示“性质,
状态,
程度”。例如:
goodness善良,
kindness仁慈,
tiredness乏味,
friendliness友好。
(11)-ship,
表示“情况,
性质,
技巧,
技能及身份,
职业”。例如:
hardship困苦,
membership成员,
friendship友谊,
leadership领导。
(12)-th,
表示“动作,
性质,
过程,
状态”。例如:
depth深度,
wealth财富,
truth真理,
length长度,
growth成长,
strength力气,
长处。
(13)-ure,
表示“行为,
结果”。例如:
exposure暴露,
pressure压力,
failure失败。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top______(attract).
解题关键:
空格由形容词修饰,
且在句中作表语,
应用名词。
答案判定:
attraction
【高考题组】单句填空/改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
___________
(achieve).
2.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,
what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
______(able)
to
“air
condition”
a
house.
achievement
ability
3.
(2014·福建高考)The
smallest
good
habits
can
make
a
big
_________(different).
4.
(2014·辽宁高考)I’ll
stop
and
take
a
deep
______
(breathe).
5.
(2014·湖北高考)The
police
will
reward
whoever
provides
useful
___________(inform)
to
catch
the
robber.
difference
breath
information
6.
(2014·陕西高考)On
June
27,
2012,
the
Jiaolong
reached
a
_____(deep)
of
7,
062
metres
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
7.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
honest.
_________________
depth
honest改为honesty
二、冠 词
考点1
冠词的基本用法
1.
定冠词的常考必备
(1)上文已出现过或说话双方都熟知的事物;
(2)表示世
界上独一无二的事物、自然现象、方位或者发明物的
名词前;
(3)序数词和形容词或副词最高级前;
(4)表示年
代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专有名词
前;
(5)形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,
表示一类人或物,
或用于姓氏复数前表示一家人等。
2.
不定冠词的常考必备
(1)单数可数名词前,
表泛指的数量“一”;
(2)用a
certain修饰专有名词(=some+名词单数)表示“某一个”;
(3)序数词前,
表示“又一,
再一”;
(4)物质名词前,
表示“一份,
一阵,
一场,
一类”等或用于抽象名词具体化;
(5)有修饰词的三餐和四季前;
(6)a,
an与比较级连用,
在否定句中表示最高级意义,
而a+most+形容词+名词,
表示“一个非常……的……”。
3.
零冠词的常考必备
(1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词前;
(2)表示头衔、职位名称的名词作表语、补语、同位语和as的宾语时;
(3)as/though引导的让步状语从句中,
作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时。
【典例剖析】用适当的冠词填空
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The
adobe
dwellings(土坯房)are
admired
by
even________most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
解题关键:
形容词最高级的前面要用定冠词the。
答案判定:
the
【高考题组】单句填空/改错
1.
(2016·浙江高考)____
prize
for
the
winner
of
the
competition
is
a
two-week
holiday
in
Paris.
2.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now,
years
later,
this
river
is
one
of
___
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
cleanup.
The
the
3.
(2014·湖南高考)By
avoiding
things
likely
to
upset
your
neighbors,
you
can
enjoy
__
friendly
relationship
with
them.
4.
(2014·江苏高考)Dale
came
to
understand
that
the
ability
to
express
___
idea
to
an
audience
builds
a
person’s
confidence.
a
an
5.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But
in
that
case,
we
will
learn
little
about
world.
(改错)
____________
6.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My
uncle
says
that
he
never
dreams
of
becoming
rich
in
the
short
period
of
time.
(改错)
________
about后加the
the改为a
7.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A
woman
saw
him
crying
and
told
him
to
wait
outside
a
shop.
(改错)
______________
8.
(2015·陕西高考)At
a
party
for
his
retirement,
my
coach,
with
a
biscuit
in
his
mouth,
asked
surprisingly
who
made
them.
(改错)
______________
第二个a改为the
第一个a改为the
考点2
冠词的固定搭配
1.
用在表示计量单位的名词前by
the
day,
by
the
dozen,
by
the
hour,
by
the
yard等。
2.
固定结构“动词+sb.
+介词+the+身体部位名词”。
3.
固定短语:
a
knowledge
of,
a
collection
of,
a
better
understanding
of,
have
a
look,
play
a
trick
on,
in
a
hurry,
make
the
best
of,
in
the
end,
on
the
phone等。
4.
the+比较级.
.
.
,
the+比较级.
.
.
,
表示“越……越……”。
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As
result,
the
plants
are
growing
everywhere.
解题关键:
根据固定搭配as
a
result“结果是”,
可知原文中的result前缺少了不定冠词a。
答案判定:
result前加不定冠词a
【高考题组】单句改错/用适当的冠词填空
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At
the
first,
I
thought
I
knew
everything
and
could
make
decisions
by
myself.
(改错)
_______
去掉the
2.
(2016·浙江高考)Every
time
he
arrived
home
at
end
of
the
day,
we’d
greet
him
at
the
door.
(改错)
_______________
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now
I
am
living
in
a
city,
but
I
miss
my
home
in
countryside.
(改错)
_________________
第一个at后加the
第二个in后添加the
4.
(2014·陕西高考)I
learnt
a
impressive
lesson
about
gravity!
(改错)
________
5.
(2014·福建高考)We
are
playing
__
part
in
cutting
down
on
waste.
6.
(2014·广东高考)She
apologized
for
the
mistake
and
gave
us
a
spare
VIP
room
on
___
top
floor.
a改为an
a
the
7.
(2013·广东高考)In
the
beginning,
there
was
only
__
very
small
amount
of
unfairness.
a
三、主谓一致
原则
主 语
谓 语
语法
一致
原则
单 数
单 数
复 数
复 数
就近
一致
原则
由or,
either.
.
.
or.
.
.
,
neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
,
not
only.
.
.
but
(also).
.
.
等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
由there,
here引起的主语不止一个时
和最邻近的主语保持一致
原则
主 语
谓语
意
义
一
致
原
则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,
兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
no/each/every/many
a+单数名词+and(+no/each/every/many
a)+单数名词
one/every
one/each/either/the
number
of/the
variety
of+复数名词
clothing,
furniture,
traffic,
jewellery,
baggage,
equipment,
luggage等无生命的集体名词
以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表达一个整体概念
由every-,
any-,
some-,
no-和-one,
-thing,
-body等构成的不定代词
动词-ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句
原则
主 语
谓语
意
义
一
致
原
则
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
复 数
people,
police,
cattle等有生命的集体名词
一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词,
如goods,
stairs,
arms等
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词
集体名词class,
family,
army,
team,
club,
company,
population,
minority,
enemy,
party,
crowd,
crew,
audience,
committee,
government,
majority,
group等强调整体时谓语用单数,
指个体成员时谓语用复数
单
复
数
视
情
况
而
定
单复数同形的名词,
如means,
deer,
fish,
sheep等
all,
none,
some,
any等不定代词
“half/most/enough/part/the
rest/the
last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,
谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致
【点津】
(1)在定语从句中,
关系代词作主语,
其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致,
但“one
of+复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数,
而在“the(only/very)one
of+复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中,
谓语动词却用单数。
(2)当主语后有介词(短语)with,
together/along
with,
including,
like,
but,
except,
other
than,
rather
than和as
well
as等时,
谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)a
quantity
of/quantities
of和a
(great,
large)
amount
of/large
amounts
of后既可接可数名词,
也可接不可数名词,
其谓语动词一般视quantity和amount的单复数形式而定。
(4)a(large)number
of后接可数名词复数,
其作主语时谓语动词用复数形式;
a
great/good
deal
of后接不可数名词,
其作主语时,
谓语动词常用单数形式。
(5)many
a,
more
than
one后加可数名词的单数形式,
谓语动词常用单数。
(6)从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,
谓语动词通常用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句中,
谓语动词的形式要根据主语从句表示的意义是单数概念还是复数概念而定。
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2016·浙江高考)He
would
ask
who
we
was
and
pretend
not
to
know
us.
解题关键:
句中主语是we,
为复数,
故系动词应该用复数。
答案判定:
was改为were
【高考题组】单句语法填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
__(be)
often
acceptable.
2.
(2014·陕西高考)Suddenly
the
arrows
was
flying
down
at
us
from
the
sky.
(改错)
____________
is
was改为were
3.
(2014·四川高考)I
am
going
to
talk
when
a
fire
alarm
go
off.
(改错)
__________
4.
(2014·全国卷)The
understanding
between
two
friends
mean
both
of
them
have
similar
ideas.
(改错)
_______________
go改为goes
mean改为means
5.
(2014·辽宁高考)The
early
morning
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.
(改错)
___________
6.
(2013·全国卷)He
say
if
I
decide
to
do
something,
it
takes
him
much
time
to
stop
me.
(改错)
___________
have改为has
say改为says五、代词、介词和介词短语
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
There
are
two
roads
leading
to
the
power
station
along
the
river.
You
can
take
________of
the
roads.
2.
My
credit
card
had
already
been
charged________the
reservation.
3.
What
roles
does
it
play________our
daily
life
4.
Only
if
a
teacher
keeps
this________his/her
mind,
could
the
homework
be
of
most
help
to
the
students.
5.
You
can
be
energetic
and
protect
yourself________a
number
of
diseases
when
growing
old.
答案：1.
either
2.
for
3.
in
4.
in
5.
against
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
We
appreciate
our
apologies
and
goodwill,
but
we
hope
that
you
can
figure
out
a
good
way
of
settling
the
matter.
_____________
2.
The
ticket
was
eventually
found
under
a
seat
several
rows
from
his
owner.
_____________
3.
She
closed
her
eyes
tight,
and
grasped
her
red
bag
on
her
lap.
I
thought
I
might
be
nervous.
_____________
4.
My
brother
and
Ah
Bao
came
to
a
river
nearby
and
enjoyed
himself.
_____________
5.
As
soon
as
they
arrived
at
the
campsite,
we
put
up
our
tents,
made
a
fire
and
then
started
cooking.
We
also
learned
how
to
give
the
first-aid.
_____________
答案：1.
our改为your
2.
his改为its
3.第二个I改为she
4.
himself改为themselves
5.
they改为we
Ⅲ.
语法知识与写作
1.
对于人们来说,
在年老的时候放慢脚步去享受一种轻松的生活,
是更明智的事情。
__________for
people
to
slow
down
and
enjoy
an
easy
life
in
their
old
age.
2.
总之,
和你大学的同学处理好关系被认为是一件很重要的事。
In
conclusion,
__________in
college__________greatly
important.
3.
这并不令人惊讶:
食物是全世界不同文化中如此重要的一部分。
__________that
food
is
such
an
important
part
of
different
cultures
around
the
world.
4.
到了该把这些他学到的建议学以致用的时候了。
__________put
the
tips
he
had
learned
to
use.
答案：1.
It
is
more
sensible
2.
getting
along
well
with
your
classmates；is
considered
3.
It
is
not
surprising
4.
It
was
time
to
【语篇题组】
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jump
in
London
A
man
recently
amazed
people
in
London
1.
__________jumping
off
the
city’s
tallest
building,
the
Shard,
with
a
parachute(降落伞).
Witness
Justin
Knock
2.
__________(take)pictures
of
the
base
jump
on
March
12
and
said
the
“dangerous”
move
was
skillfully
done
with
the
jumper
landing
on
his
3.
__________
(foot).
The
87-floor
building
at
London
Bridge
is
310
meters
tall.
Knock
said,
“When
I
was
buying
some
cheese
from
the
store
opposite
St.
Thomas’
Street,
4.
__________(look)up,
I
observed
this
guy
was
coming
down
with
his
parachute.
It
was
obviously
a
5.
__________(danger)thing
to
do
but
he
pulled
6.
__________
off
skillfully.
He
was
coming
down
at
speed
and
if
it
had
been
7.
__________
(wind)and
he
had
hit
the
building
it
8.
__________(will)have
been
game
over
really.
”
He
and
another
man
put
away
the
parachute
seconds
after
they
landed
and
9.
__________(quick)left
the
area,
according
to
the
BBC.
Police
and
staff
from
10.
__________building
arrived
at
the
scene
soon
after,
Knock
said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,
报道了有人在伦敦最高楼跳伞的经过。
1.
【解析】by。考查介词。by
doing
sth.
意为“通过……”。
2.
【解析】took。考查动词的时态。and连接并列成分,
故该词和said作并列谓语。
3.
【解析】feet。考查名词单复数。此处指用两只脚着陆,
故用复数形式。
4.
【解析】looking。考查非谓语动词。动词look和句子主语I之间构成主动关系,
所以使用现在分词充当状语。
5.
【解析】dangerous。考查词性转换。此空修饰后面的名词thing,
故用形容词形式。
6.
【解析】it。考查代词。此处代指上文提到的parachute,
故用it。
7.
【解析】windy。考查词性转换。此空在系动词be后,
故用形容词形式。
【规律方法】在系动词和半系动词feel(感到),
look(看起来),
sound(听起来),
smell(闻起来),
taste(尝起来),
become(变成),
get(变成),
turn(变成),
fall(变成),
seem(似乎,
好像)后,
通常用形容词作表语。
8.
【解析】would。考查虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生,
条件状语从句要用had+过去分词,
主句中要用would(should,
could,
might)+have+过去分词。
9.
【解析】quickly。考查词性转换。修饰动词、形容词、副词,
或整个句子,
作状语,
用副词形式。本句中使用quickly修饰动词left。
10.
【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指来自这个大楼,
故用定冠词。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
(2017·邯郸模拟)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
This
is
my
fifth
day
at
the
summer
camp.
Life
isn’t
exact
what
I
expected.
We
have
to
get
up
early
to
make
our
beds
before
our
teacher
Miss
Li
come
to
inspect.
After
breakfast,
we
have
some
of
free
time.
Yesterday
morning
I
went
fishing,
but
the
only
thing
I
catch
was
a
tree
branch.
In
the
afternoon,
there
are
different
activity
like
horseback
riding
and
hiking.
They’re
fun,
so
nothing
new
for
me.
In
the
evening,
everyone
is
assigned
a
different
task
to
get
dinner
ready.
Yesterday,
I
was
in
charge
of
prepare
the
hot
dogs,
but
I
accidentally
dropped
it
in
the
fire.
The
best
part
of
camp
is
at
night,
where
we
sit
around
a
campfire
and
tell
stories.
答案:
1.
【解析】第二句中exact→exactly。句意:
生活并不完全像我料想的那样。句中exactly是副词,
用以修饰动词is。
2.
【解析】第三句中come→comes。此处是在描述“我”目前的夏令营生活状态,
故用一般现在时,
主语是Miss
Li,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
3.
【解析】第四句中of去掉。some
free
time意为“一些自由时间”。
4.
【解析】第五句中catch→caught。根据句中出现的时间状语Yesterday
morning可知用一般过去时。
5.
【解析】第六句中activity→activities。different意为“不同的”,
其本身就意味着与名词的复数连用。
6.
【解析】第七句中so→but。句意:
它们很有趣,
不过对我而言没什么新鲜的。
7.
【解析】第九句中prepare→preparing。of为介词,
后面需要跟名词或动名词形式。
8.
【解析】第九句中it→them。此处代词them指代前面出现的复数名词the
hot
dogs。
9.
【解析】第十句中camp前加定冠词the。这里特指“我”参加的这次夏令营。
10.
【解析】第十句中where→when。考查定语从句的关系副词。定语从句补全为:
We
sit
around
a
campfire
and
tell
stories
at
night.(共40张PPT)
十、特殊句式
考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有:
倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句等。
一、倒装句
1.
全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)
倒装条件
倒装方法
以here,
there,
out,
in,
up,
down,
away等副词开头,
谓语动词多为be,
come,
go等,
主语是名词
副词+谓语+主语
以then,
now,
thus,
such开头,
谓语动词多为come,
follow,
begin,
end,
be,
主语是名词
副词+谓语+主语
倒装条件
倒装方法
表地点的介词短语位于句首,
且谓语动词为不及物动词,
主语是名词
介词短语+谓语+主语
表语置于句首,
为了保持句子平衡,
为表示强调,
或利于上下文衔接
Out
rushed
a
cat
from
under
the
table.
Such
was
Albert
Einstein,
a
simple
but
great
scientist.
In
a
lecture
hall
of
a
university
in
England
sat
a
professor.
Seated
in
the
first
line
are
some
advanced
workers.
2.
部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)
倒装条件
倒装方法
only修饰副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语
Only+
助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分
倒装条件
倒装方法
含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not,
never,
seldom,
little,
hardly,
by
no
means,
not
until,
on
no
condition,
in
no
case,
under
no
circumstances)位于句首时
否定副词或介词短语+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分
倒装条件
倒装方法
hardly.
.
.
when,
no
sooner.
.
.
than,
not
only.
.
.
but(also)等连接两个分句时,
如果hardly,
no
sooner,
not
only位于句首,
前一个分句用部分倒装,
后一个分句不变
Hardly/No
sooner/
Not
only+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+when/than/
but
also+分句
倒装条件
倒装方法
so(such).
.
.
that中的so(such)位于句首时
So+adj.
/adv.
+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+that从句
so/neither/nor置于句首,
意为“也”或“也不”表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时
so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
倒装条件
倒装方法
as引导让步状语从句时,
意为“尽管”,
把句中状语、表语或动词提前;
若表语是名词,
其前不用冠词
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,
were或should等时,
如将if省略,
则要将had,
were或should等移到主语之前
Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语其他部分+主句
Only
in
this
way
can
you
solve
this
problem.
Never
before
have
I
seen
such
a
moving
film.
Not
only
was
he
forced
to
stay
home,
but
also
he
had
to
do
his
homework.
So
clearly
does
he
speak
English
that
he
can
always
make
himself
understood.
Tom
doesn’t
like
bananas,
neither/nor
do
I.
【点津】
(1)there,
here,
now,
then,
up,
down,
in,
away,
off,
out等副词置于句首,
但主语为人称代词时,
不用倒装。
(2)only修饰主语置于句首时,
不能倒装。
(3)若两个主语一致时,
则表示同意以上观点,
不能倒装,
此时so表示“的确如此”,
即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,
通常用“so
it
is
with.
.
.
”或“it
is
the
same
with.
.
.
”。
(5)Neither.
.
.
,
nor.
.
.
“……不……,
……也不……”,
连接两个并列分句时,
这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。
(6)though引导让步状语从句时,
可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。
二、强调句
1.
强调句
(1)It
is/was.
.
.
that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时,
可用that或who,
其他情况下用that。
It
was
Belorussian
writer
Svetlana
Alexievich
who
won
the
2015
Nobel
Prize
for
Literature.
(2)在强调句中,
当强调主语时,
其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
It
is
White
and
Betty
who
often
do
good
deeds
for
the
old
lady.
(3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,
强调句结构须用:
It
is.
.
.
that/who.
.
.
;
如原句的谓语动词是过去时态,
则强调句结构须用It
was.
.
.
that/who.
.
.
。
(4)“not.
.
.
until.
.
.
”句型的强调结构为“It
is/was
not
until.
.
.
that.
.
.
”。
It
was
not
until
11
o’clock
last
night
that
he
went
to
bed.
(5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式:
Is/Was
it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
Was
it
in
1939
that
World
War
Ⅱ
broke
out
(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为:
疑问词+is/was+it
+that/who.
.
.
Where
was
it
that
you
met
Jack
yesterday
2.
谓语动词的强调
(1)do/does/did+动词原形。
Do
come
here
this
evening.
(2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调,
一般意为“从来没有,
绝不”。
【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析
类 型
区 别
与主语从句的区别
强调句型去掉It
is/was和that之后,
句子结构仍然完整,
而主语从句却不能
①It
is
there
that
accidents
often
happen.
(强调句)
②It
is
a
fact
that
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.
(主语从句)
类 型
区 别
与定语从句的区别
强调句中that没有意义,
且不作任何成分,
而定语从句中that为关系代词,
在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
①It
is
novels
that
Miss
William
enjoys
reading.
(强调句)
②It
is
a
question
that
needs
careful
consideration.
(定语从句)
类 型
区 别
与时间状语从句的区别
强调句型去掉It
is/was和that后,
结构完整,
而It
is.
.
.
when.
.
.
中,
it指代时间
①It
was
at
six
o’clock
that
I
got
up
today.
(强调句)
②It
was
six
o’clock
when
I
got
up
today.
(状语从句)
三、省略句的5种类型
1.
宾语从句:
①引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,
只有第一个连词that可省略。
He
told
me
(that)
she
was
a
beautiful
girl
and
that
she
was
clever.
②I’m
afraid,
I
think,
I
believe,
I
hope,
I
guess等作答语,
后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定,
宾语从句可省略。
—Do
you
think
it
will
rain
—I
hope
not
(that
it
will
not
rain).
2.
定语从句:
①在限制性定语从句中,
关系代词that,
which,
whom充当宾语,
而且前面无介词时可省略。
He
lost
the
watch
(that/which)
he
bought
yesterday.
②the
way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in
which,
the
time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。
I
don’t
like
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
speaks
to
others.
3.
状语从句:
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,
且从句谓语中有be动词时,
可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)When
faced
with
so
many
options,
the
lion
chooses
to
freeze
and
wait
instead
of
attacking
the
man
holding
the
chair.
4.
虚拟语气:
在虚拟条件句中,
如含有had,
were,
should,
if可省略,
句子要用倒装。
Were
I
(=If
I
were)
twenty
now,
I
would
join
the
army.
5.
动词不定式:
①不定式符号to的省略:
a.
感官动词或使役动词(如feel,
see,
hear,
notice,
let,
make,
have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。
I
heard
someone
sing
in
the
next
room.
b.
在do
nothing
but,
can’t
help
but,
why
not,
would
rather.
.
.
than.
.
.
;
prefer
to
do.
.
.
rather
than.
.
.
等句型中省略to。
He
did
nothing
but
wait
all
the
time.
②不定式省略:
a.
使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式,
常在be
afraid,
expect,
forget,
hope,
intend,
like,
love,
mean,
prefer,
refuse,
seem,
try,
want,
wish等后面。
I
asked
him
to
see
the
film,
but
he
didn’t
want
to.
b.
在某些形容词glad,
happy,
pleased,
delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。
—Will
you
join
in
the
game
—I’d
be
glad
to.
c.
如果不定式中含有be,
have,
have
been,
通常保留be,
have和have
been。
—Are
you
a
sailor
—No,
but
I
used
to
be.
四、祈使句
1.
否定式:
在动词前面加don’t。
2.
强调式:
肯定句在其前加do,
否定句在其前加never。
3.
带有主语的祈使句:
为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”,
有时还可同时加称呼语。
五、反意疑问句
1.
陈述部分含有must:
(1)当must作“必须”讲时,
其反意疑问词用needn’t;
当含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止)时,
其反意疑问词用must/may。
(2)当must表示推测时,
其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词。
2.
陈述部分含有used
to:
其反意疑问词用usedn’t或didn’t。
3.
陈述部分含有ought
to:
其反意疑问词用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。
4.
陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词:
反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
5.
陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词:
其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式。
6.
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时:
疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致,
但如果主句的谓语动词是think,
believe,
suppose,
guess,
expect,
imagine等,
且主语为第一人称时,
疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。
六、感叹句
1.
How
+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
2.
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
3.
How+主语+谓语!
4.
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
5.
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
6.
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
7.
What+名词+主语+谓语!
【典例剖析】单句填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It
could
be
anything—gardening,
cooking,
music,
sports—but
whatever
it
is,
______
(make)
sure
it’s
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
解题关键:
此处make
sure
it’s
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about是祈使句。
答案判定:
make
【高考题组】单句语法填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·江苏高考)Not
until
recently
___
they
encourage
the
development
of
tourist-related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.
2.
(2016·天津高考)You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
____
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
3.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Open
the
curtains
and
____
(turn)
up
the
lights.
did
that
turn
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We
eat
about
22
percent
more
when
_____
(use)
a
12-inch
plate
instead
of
a
10-inch
plate.
5.
(2015·天津高考)It’s
the
journey,
not
the
arrival,
____
counts.
6.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In
reality,
it’s
the
chair
____
does
the
important
work.
using
that
that
7.
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Look
at
everything
you
still
have
and
are
thankful
for
all
of
the
good
in
your
life.
(改错)
_________
8.
(2013·湖北高考)Not
until
then
do
I
realize
words
could
be
powerful
in
both
positive
and
negative
ways.
(改错)
_________
are改为be
do改为did四、名词、冠词和主谓一致
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
I’m
from
China
and
just
came
to
study
in
our
school
several________(month)ago.
2.
He
contacted
University
officials
to
tell
about
the________(possible)of
returning
the
book.
3.
Your
son
is
in
great
danger
and
he
needs________immediate
operation
which
costs
48,
000
yuan.
4.
He
likes
to
walk
barefoot,
and
so________other
members
of
Dirty
Sole
Society.
5.
People
sitting
farthest
from
the
front
door
ate
the
fewest
salads
and________(be)
73
per
cent
more
likely
to
order
dessert.
答案：1.
months
2.
possibility
3.
an
4.
do
5.
were
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
I
was
always
interested
to
see
the
drivers
in
hurry
in
the
morning.
_____________
2.
For
example,
we
can
do
reading
for
one
and
a
half
hour
and
play
sports
for
one
hour
every
day.
_____________
3.
There
are
all
kinds
of
the
flowers
and
trees
around
the
classroom
buildings.
_____________
4.
I
am
glad
to
tell
you
that
I
will
go
to
Beijing
to
take
part
in
an
English
speech
contest
in
July.
And
now
I
am
trying
my
best
to
make
preparation
for
it.
_____________
5.
Among
all
my
friends
are
a
special
one
I’m
most
thankful
to.
_____________
6.
I
also
helped
her
carry
her
luggages.
_____________
7.
On
a
snowy
winter
night,
a
bus
with
45
passenger
had
an
accident.
_____________
答案：1.
第一个in后添加a
2.
第一个hour改为hours
3.
第一个the删掉
4.
preparation改为preparations
5.
are改为is
6.
luggages改为luggage
7.
passenger改为passengers
Ⅲ.
语法知识与写作
1.
然后我就去了这所医院附近的一家商店并打电话联系上了她的家人。
And
then_____________and
contacted
her
family.
2.
对于初学者来说,
学驾驶通常是一种紧张的经历。
Learning
to
drive
is
usually_____________.
3.
几天后,
出乎我预料的是,
我看到它静静地站在我工作的那个房子的角落里。
Several
days
later,
_____________,
I
saw
it
quietly
stand
in
a
corner
of
the
house
where
I
worked.
4.
最近,
当他看了一眼他收藏的书的时候,
他发现了六十年前借来的那本旧书。
Recently
when
he_____________his
collection
of
books,
he
discovered
the
old
book
borrowed
60
years
ago.
5.
我愿意就如何学好汉语给你提一些建议。
I’d
like
to_____________on
how
to
learn
Chinese
well.
答案：1.
I
went
to
a
store
near
the
hospital
2.
a
nervous
experience
for
beginners
3.
out
of
my
expectation
4.
took
a
look
at
5.
give
you
some
advice
【语篇题组】
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last
year
I
ruined
my
summer
vacation
by
bringing
along
a
modern
convenience
that
was
too
convenient
for
my
own
good:
the
iPad.
Instead
of
looking
1.
_______
nature,
I
checked
my
e-mail.
Instead
of
paddling
2.
_________old
canoe(独木舟),
I
followed
my
Twitter
feed.
And
that
was
the
problem:
I
was
behaving
as
if
I
3.
______
(be)still
in
the
office.
My
body
was
on
vacation
4.
__________my
head
wasn’t.
So
this
year
I
made
up
my
mind
5.
__________(try)something
different:
withdrawal(退隐)from
the
Internet.
I
started
by
handing
the
iPad
to
my
wife.
6.
__________(large)cutting
off
from
e-mail,
Twitter
and
my
favorite
newspaper
websites,
I
had
few
7.
__________(way)to
connect
to
the
world
except
for
radio.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
do
what
I
had
planned
to
do
all
along:
read
books.
This
experience
has
had
a
happy
ending-for
now,
at
least.
With
8.
__________
(determine)and
the
strong
support
of
my
wife,
I
succeeded
in
9.
__________
(me)vacation
against
the
Internet,
realizing
finally
that
it
was
I,
not
the
iPad,
10.
__________
was
the
problem.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们不是iPad而是我们自己毁坏了我们的假期。
1.
【解析】at。考查介词。look
at为固定搭配,
意为“看着”。
2.
【解析】an。考查冠词。canoe为可数名词,
在这里用了单数形式,
故用冠词修饰。
3.
【解析】were。考查虚拟语气。as
if从句用虚拟语气的情况是当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。如果从句表示与现在事实相反,
谓语动词用一般过去时,
be动词均用were。
4.
【解析】but。考查连词。句意:
我的身体在度假,
而我的大脑并不在度假。根据句意,
上下句存在转折关系。
5.
【解析】to
try。make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
为固定搭配,
意为“决定去做某事”。
6.
【解析】Largely。考查词性转换。large在这里修饰动词短语cut
off,
故用副词形式。
7.
【解析】ways。考查名词单复数。way为可数名词,
在这里作者的方法不止一个,
故用复数形式。
8.
【解析】determination。考查词性转换。with是介词,
后面需要用名词形式。
9.
【解析】my。考查代词。vacation为名词,
故可判断前面用形容词性物主代词。
10.
【解析】that。考查强调句。强调句型的结构为It
is/was+被强调内容+that.
.
.
。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
(2017·保定模拟)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last
Sunday
I
went
to
the
Bird’s
Nest
Stadium,
that
is
said
to
mirror
a
traditional
Chinese
philosophy
that
the
sky
is
round
and
the
ground
is
square.
I
met
some
young
America
tourists
there.
We
greeted
to
each
other
and
began
to
chat.
From
chat
I
learned
that
they
were
college
students
study
at
Beijing
Language
University.
They
all
seem
to
love
Chinese
culture
and
especially
the
style
of
modern
architecture.
As
walking,
they
were
busy
taking
picture
of
the
Stadium.
Apparently,
we
were
deeply
impressed
by
the
grand
gym.
But
then
I
felt
very
proud
that
China
was
becoming
more
and
more
attractive
for
foreigners.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中第一个that→which。分析句子结构可知,
本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句,
which在从句中充当主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.
【解析】第二句中America→American。some
young
American
tourists意为“一些年轻的美国游客”,
其中American为形容词。
3.
【解析】第三句中greeted后to去掉。greet
each
other意为“彼此打招呼”,
其中greet为及物动词。
4.
【解析】第四句中from后面加the。句意:
从谈话中我得知他们是北京语言大学的学生。此处the
chat表示特指“与他们之间的谈话”。
【规律方法】
有关冠词的考查是历年高考短文改错的热点,
主要有添/去冠词、改冠词等形式。a/an表示“数量”,
意为“一次、一组、一个”,
故在句子翻译过程中就可以判断出是否用不定冠词;
the表示特指、说话双方都知道的、独一无二、最高级等含义。考生只要抓住冠词的基本含义,
这类题很容易解决。另外,
需要特别注意不定冠词a/an的区别问题,
关键是弄清楚其后的单词首字母发音是元音音素还是辅音音素。
5.
【解析】第四句中study→studying。分析句子结构可知,
句中studying
at
Beijing
Language
University为现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词students。
6.
【解析】第五句中seem→seemed。根据文章首句可知,
这是发生在上周日的事情,
故用一般过去时。
7.
【解析】第六句中picture→pictures。take
pictures意为“照相”。
8.
【解析】第七句中we→they。此处是在叙述一群大学生被体育馆吸引,
故应该是“他们”。
9.
【解析】第八句中But→And。根据上下句句意可知,
此处表示顺承关系,
而非转折关系。
10.
【解析】第八句中for→to。be
attractive
to意为“对……有吸引力”。(共46张PPT)
三、形容词和副词
考点1
形容词和副词的词形变化
1.
形容词后缀
(1)-able:
①v.
+able:
reliable,
eatable,
enjoyable,
movable等。
②n.
+able:
valuable,
reasonable,
knowledgeable等。
(2)-ible:
terrible,
horrible,
invisible,
possible等。
(3)-al:
international,
mental,
medical,
natural,
general等。
(4)-ant或-ent:
instant,
distant,
constant,
important,
patient,
different,
absent等。
(5)-ed或-ing:
interested,
interesting,
pleased,
pleasing等。
(6)-en:
wooden,
golden,
spoken,
written,
mistaken等。
(7)-ern:
eastern,
southern,
western,
northern等。
(8)-ful:
①n.
+ful:
colorful,
beautiful,
helpful,
powerful等。
②v.
+ful:
forgetful,
careful等。
(9)-less:
fearless,
harmless,
useless,
helpless等。
(10)-ly:
friendly,
lovely,
daily,
weekly等。
(11)n.
/v.
+(i)ous:
curious,
dangerous,
various,
anxious等。
(12)-some:
handsome,
troublesome,
tiresome等。
(13)n.
+-y:
funny,
lucky,
snowy,
rainy,
dusty等。
2.
形容词前缀
(1)un-:
unhappy,
unfair,
unimportant,
uncomfortable,
unnecessary等。
(2)im-:
impossible,
impolite,
impatient等。
(3)in-:
inactive,
inconvenient,
incorrect等。
(4)dis-:
disabled,
dishonest等。
(5)ir-:
irregular,
irresponsible等。
(6)il-:
illegal等。
3.
副词后缀
一般都是adj.
+-ly构成,
如simple→simply等。
【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e,
有的不去e,
直接加-ly。例如:
definite→definitely,
true→truly。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The
title
will
be______(official)given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.
解题关键:
此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我,
根据句子结构可知,
应该使用副词作状语修饰动词given。
答案判定:
officially
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错
1.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Food
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
_________(gradual)
turned
into
chopsticks.
2.
(2016·四川高考)Chinese
scientists
_______(recent)
had
a
chance
to
study
a
wild
female
panda
with
a
newborn
baby.
gradually
recently
3.
(2016·浙江高考)A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
experience,
_________(especial)
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
4.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls
made
of
adobe
take
in
the
heat
from
the
sun
on
hot
days
and
give
out
that
heat
______
(slow)
during
cool
nights.
especially
slowly
5.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As
_______(nature)
architects,
the
Pueblo
Indians
figured
out
exactly
how
thick
the
adobe
walls
needed
to
be
to
make
the
cycle
work
on
most
days.
6.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The
river
was
so
polluted
that
it
_______(actual)
caught
fire
and
burned.
natural
actually
7.
(2014·辽宁高考)Bend
your
knees
slightly
and
reach
out
your
arms
like
tree
branches,
naturally
and
_____
(soft).
softly
8.
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone
on
the
bus
began
talking
about
what
the
boy
had
done,
and
the
crowd
of
strangers
________(sudden)
became
friendly
to
one
another.
9.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,
he
hopes
that
his
business
will
grow
steady.
(改错)
_________________
suddenly
steady改为steadily
10.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At
one
time,
I
ever
felt
my
parents
couldn’t
understand
me
so
I
hoped
I
could
be
freely
from
them.
(改错)
_____________
11.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)How
nice
to
see
you
again!
Dad
and
I
were
terrible
worried.
(改错)
_________________
freely改为free
terrible改为terribly
12.
(2014·辽宁高考)That
is
too
much
for
us,
considering
how
closely
the
houses
are.
(改错)
______________
closely改为close
考点2
形容词和副词的基本用法
1.
在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法,
如before,
ago,
many,
much,
ever,
never等。
2.
有些副词,
如fortunately,
luckily,
surprisingly,
honestly,
actually,
personally等,
作评注性状语,
往往修饰整个句子,
而且它们常位于句首,
且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点,
有助于快速填空。
3.
连接副词的用法
连接副词
逻辑语意
意 义
though
表转折
虽然,
然而
yet
表转折
然而,
可是
however
表转折,
其后常用逗号
然而,
但是
instead
表转折或相反
相反,
代替
otherwise
表转折
否 则
besides
表递进
另外,
而且
连接副词
逻辑语意
意 义
moreover
表递进
再说,
而且
still
表递进
仍然,
依然
therefore
表结果
因 此
thus
表结果
因 此
anyway
表让步
无论如何
【点津】注意however是常考词,
而且尤其要注意,
所填空位于句首时,
勿忘大写第一个字母!
短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。
Many
of
us
were
raised
with
the
saying
“Waste
not,
want
not.
”None
of
us,
however,
can
completely
avoid
waste
in
our
lives.
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Much
rare
animals
are
dying
out.
解题关键:
可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意:
首字母应该大写。
答案判定:
句中的Much→Many
【高考题组】单句改错
1.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly
five
years
before,
my
sister
and
I
planted
some
cherry
tomatoes(圣女果)in
our
back
garden.
_____________
before改为ago
2.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)There
are
so
much
tomatoes
that
we
often
share
them
with
our
neighbors.
______________
3.
(2015·陕西高考)I
thought
the
biscuits
were
really
well.
____________
much改为many
well改为good
4.
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)I
remember
my
grandfather
very
much.
___________________
5.
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)However,
he
was
the
gentlest
man
I
have
never
known.
_____________
much改为well/clearly
never改为ever
考点3
比较级、最高级的用法
有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点:
1.
等级用法的固定句式
(1)as+形容词或副词原级+as.
.
.
像……一样……
(2)as+adj.
+a(n)+n.
单数+as.
.
.
像……一样……
(3)not
so/as+形容词或副词原级+as.
.
.
不如……那样……
(4)too/how+adj.
+a/an+单数名词的固定句型
(5)as
many+复数名词+as.
.
.
或者as
much+不可数名词+as.
.
.
和……一样多
(6)表示“两者中较……的一个”,
用“the+比较级”的结构。
注意:
as
much+a/an+n.
单数+as.
.
.
既是……又是……
It
is
generally
believed
that
teaching
is
as
much
an
art
as
it
is
a
science.
人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。
2.
修饰比较级的副词及副词短语
a
bit,
a
little,
rather,
much,
far,
by
far,
many
times,
a
lot,
a
great
deal,
any,
still,
even,
no等。见到这些词时,
首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。
注意:
very,
quite,
fairly,
too等通常修饰原级。
3.
否定词十比较级表示最高级
①Your
story
is
perfect;
I’ve
never
heard
a
better
one
before.
你的故事太完美了,
我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。
②I
can’t
agree
more.
我非常同意。
【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点,
常出现标志性的单词,
如as,
than等,
也常通过设置语境,
让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高级,
所以准确理解语境意义,
理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。
(2)在写作中要注意对“the+比较级.
.
.
,
the+比较级.
.
.
”这一句式结构的掌握,
在两个the+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,
you
should
take
a
step
back
and
identify(识别)
those
of
______
(great)
and
less
importance.
解题关键:
空格处和less
importance是并列关系,
应用比较级。
答案判定:
greater
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错
1.
(2015·北京高考)I
didn’t
realize
how
late
it
was
when
we
were
playing.
Maybe
we
should
play
some
_______
(quiet)
music
at
night.
2.
(2015·天津高考)It
was
also
much
more
than
we
could
afford,
but
far
___(little)
than
the
original
asking
price.
quieter
less
3.
(2015·天津高考)He
looked
at
me
for
a
moment,
and
then
wrote
a
sentence
containing
the
____(good)
advice
I’ve
ever
had.
4.
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally,
that
hard
work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is
_______(clean)
than
ever.
best
cleaner
5.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They
were
also
the
best
and
worse
years
in
my
life.
(改错)
______________
6.
(2016·四川高考)The
dishes
that
I
cooked
were
Mom’s
favoritest.
(改错)
___________________
worse改为worst
favoritest改为favorite
7.
(2015·陕西高考)My
mum
makes
the
better
biscuits
in
the
world.
(改错)
_____________
8.
(2013·浙江高考)To
make
matters
bad,
now
I
have
to
share
a
room
with
my
younger
sister,
Maggie.
(改错)
_____________
better改为best
bad改为worse
考点4
倍数句型的用法
常见的倍数句型主要有:
1.
A
is+倍数十比较级+than+B。
2.
A
is+倍数+as+原级+as+B。
3.
A
is+倍数+the+名词(size,
length,
height等)+of+B。
4.
the+名词(size,
length,
height等)+of
A
+is+倍数+that+of+B。
5.
A
is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句。
Smoking
is
harmful
to
people’s
health,
killing
seven
times
more
people
each
year
than
traffic
accidents.
吸烟有害健康,
每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
【点津】
(1)从句型结构的差异词汇出发,
牢记各个句型间的细节差异。
(2)在实际应用中,
倍数词可以用分数或half,
double等词替换。
【典例剖析】用适当的词填空
(2013·安徽高考)It’s
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
twice
______
large
as
what
it
was.
解题关键:
句意:
据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表达法有多种,
此处为“倍数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+其他”结构。注意题干中已经有了一个as。
答案判定:
as二、非谓语动词
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
How
do
I
manage
to
get
her
back
without________(go)out
to
dinner
after
the
movie
2.
A
boy
trembled
in
the
cold
winter,
________(wrap)his
arms
around
himself
on
a
bus
stop
bench.
3.
I
just
stood
there,
________(freeze).
4.
He
is
thought________(invent)the
first
telephone
in
the
world.
5.
However,
several
organizations
for
smokers’
rights
in
the
U.
S.
say
people
have
the
right________(smoke)in
their
own
homes.
6.
But
you
need
to
get________(organize)if
you
are
reading
a
novel.
7.
Mr
Jones
decided
to
walk
to
the
university
instead
of________(take)a
taxi.
答案：1.
going
2.
wrapping
3.
frozen
4.
to
have
invented
5.
to
smoke
6.
organized
7.
taking
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
First,
he/she
is
willing
to
devote
some
of
the
spare
time
to
serve
the
others.
____________
2.
As
far
as
I’m
concerned,
we
ought
to
think
carefully
before
buy
cars.
____________
3.
As
is
known,
it
is
interested
to
teach
children
to
swim
while
they
are
still
babies.
____________
4.
She
used
to
holding
me
on
her
knees
and
sing
old
songs.
____________
5.
It
not
only
helps
me
realize
that
I
can
achieve
my
potential
through
hard
work,
but
makes
me
to
know
the
proverb“Practice
makes
perfect”.
____________
6.
Heard
his
words,
I
began
to
hesitate
and
slowed
down
my
steps.
____________
答案：1.
serve改为serving
2.
buy改为buying
3.
interested改为interesting
4.
holding改为hold
5.
know前去掉to
6.
Heard改为Hearing
Ⅲ.
语法知识与写作
1.
我已经通过参与一些志愿者项目学到了很多东西。
I
have
learned
a
lot____________some
volunteer
programs.
2.
然后,
穿着志愿者的制服,
带着志愿者的身份证明,
我们开始了工作。
Then,
____________and
volunteer
identity
card,
we
got
down
to
our
work.
3.
我想向老师和父母表达我的感激之情。
I’d
like____________to
my
teachers
and
parents.
4.
我一直梦想着做一名志愿者。
I
have
always
dreamed
of____________.
5.
仅仅使用了半年,
所以这台电脑看起来几乎是全新的。
____________for
only
half
a
year,
the
computer
looks
almost
new.
答案：1.
from
participating
in
2.
wearing
the
volunteer
uniform
3.
to
express
my
gratitude
4.
being
a
volunteer
5.
Having
been
used
【语篇题组】
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
was
driving
home
late
at
night
1.
__________my
car
lost
momentum(冲力)and
got
slower
and
slower.
Nothing
I
did
seemed
to
make
any
2.
__________(different).
“It
can’t
be
the
fuel,
”I
thought.
The
petrol
gauge(汽油量表)was
showing
I
had
plenty
3.
__________(leave).
Then
my
car
died
completely
after
I
4.
__________
(manage)to
roll
to
the
side
of
the
road.
It
was
an
extremely
dark,
lonely
country
road.
Neither
a
single
person
5.
__________any
traffic
was
in
sight
at
all.
I
felt
like
an
idiot.
I
should
not
have
left
without
charging
my
cell
phone.
The
battery
was
dead
and
I
was
alone
without
any
way
6.
__________(contact)my
family.
Time
dripped
slowly
like
a
leaking
tap.
“God,
help
me!
”I
begged
7.
__________(anxious).
“Is
there
anyone
who
will
be
kind
enough
to
stop
and
help
me
out
”However,
there
was
no
sign
of
anyone.
I
was
starting
to
panic,
8.
__________(feel)completely
abandoned.
Suddenly
I
saw
a
faint
light
9.
__________the
distance.
I
waved
my
white
scarf
as
hard
as
possible.
It
was
a
huge
lorry.
The
driver
stopped
and
kindly
drove
me
to
the
nearest
hotel,
10.
_______
I
had
a
rest,
and
then
I
called
my
family
and
explained
what
had
happened.
How
lucky
I
was!
When
he
stopped
for
me,
I
felt
as
if
I
had
just
found
a
million
dollars.
【文章大意】作者讲述了自己的一段惊险经历。
1.
【解析】when。考查连词。was/were
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
为固定句型,
意为“正在做……突然”。
2.
【解析】difference。考查词性转换。any为限定词,
后要用名词形式。make
any
difference为固定短语。
3.
【解析】left。考查非谓语动词。have
sth.
left为固定句型,
意为“剩下……”。
4.
【解析】managed或had
managed。考查时态。分析句子结构可知,
此处manage作谓语,
根据主句中“died”可判断此处用一般过去时或过去完成时。
5.
【解析】nor。考查连词。neither.
.
.
nor.
.
.
为固定结构,
意为“既不……也不……”。
6.
【解析】to
contact。考查非谓语动词。名词way习惯上用不定式作后置定语。
7.
【解析】anxiously。考查词性转换。应用副词修饰动词begged。
8.
【解析】feeling。考查非谓语动词。动词feel和句子主语I之间构成主动关系,
所以使用现在分词充当伴随状语。
【变式备选】
I
was
starting
to
panic
and______(feel)completely
abandoned.
【解析】felt。此空谓语形式和and前的was存在并列关系,
故用一般过去时。
9.
【解析】in。考查介词。in
the
distance为固定搭配,
意为“在远处”。
10.
【解析】where。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是hotel,
是一个地点。此外,
后面句子结构完整,
所以使用关系副词where引导。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
September
9th,
2016
Today
is
Double
Ninth
Festival,
the
traditional
Chinese
festival
for
the
elderly;
we
visit
the
Nursing
Home
to
celebrate
the
special
day.
When
we
got
there,
we
visited
for
the
elderly
in
their
rooms
in
groups,
presenting
them
with
flowers
and
self-made
card
to
show
our
respect
and
love.
Then
we
did
some
cleaning
and
wash
for
them
by
the
help
of
the
nurses.
As
some
old
people
felt
alone,
we
chatted
with
them
about
their
old
days,
changes
of
our
city,
or
anything
they
are
interesting
in.
The
elderly
have
done
so
many
for
their
families
as
well
as
for
our
country,
but
I
think
we
should
show
respect
for
them.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中Double前加定冠词the。the
Double
Ninth
Festival意为“重阳节”,
需加定冠词the。
2.
【解析】第一句中visit→visited。本文描述的是重阳节去养老院看望老人的故事,
事情已经发生,
故用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】第二句中for去掉。visit
the
elderly意为“拜访老人”,
其中visit为及物动词。
4.
【解析】第二句中card→cards。此处表示“我们送给老人们自制的卡片”,
card为可数名词,
此处应该用复数形式。
5.
【解析】第三句中wash→washing。and前后表示并列关系,
需用相同形式的词,
根据前面的cleaning可知用washing。
6.
【解析】第三句中by→with。with
the
help
of.
.
.
意为“在……的帮助下”,
为固定搭配。
7.
【解析】第四句中alone→lonely。alone意为“单独一人的”,
lonely意为“孤独的”,
feel
lonely“感到孤独”。
8.
【解析】第四句中interesting→interested。be
interested
in意为“对……感兴趣”,
固定搭配。
9.
【解析】第五句中many→much。句意:
老人们为他们的家人和国家做出了很多的贡献。此处应该用have
done
so
much。
10.
【解析】第五句中but→so。考查逻辑关系,
前后句之间表示因果关系。六、并列句和状语从句
高效演练·稳达标
【基础题组】
Ⅰ.
语法知识与填空
1.
The
birthday
day
itself
is
special
_______
of
course,
the
birthday
person
is
extra
special.
2.
OK,
kid,
what’s
so
important
_______
we
have
to
meet
in
secret
3.
I
like
writing
from
young,
_______
it
is
not
easy
for
me
to
enter
this
occupation.
4.
Two
weeks
before
Christmas,
two
little
girls
were
walking
down
the
street
_______
they
saw
old
Harry.
5.
What
is
the
most
popular
communication
tool
today
_______
your
answer
is
QQ
or
MSN,
I
must
say
you’re
a
bit
old
fashioned.
答案：1.
and
2.
that
3.
but
4.
when
5.
If
Ⅱ.
语法知识与改错
1.
She
follows
the
fashion,
but
most
of
her
clothes
are
in
the
latest
style.
____________________________
2.
Whatever
interesting
the
film
is,
I
won’t
waste
any
time
on
it.
____________________________
3.
My
brother
doesn’t
study
very
hard,
and
he
always
gets
excellent
grades.
____________________________
4.
One
evening
we
were
having
a
party
while
the
phone
rang.
____________________________
5.
I
was
such
self-centered
that
I
didn’t
stop
to
think
about
what
had
happened
to
her.
____________________________
答案：1.but改为and
2.
Whatever改为However
3.
and改为but
4.
while改为when
5.
such改为so
Ⅲ.
语法知识与写作
1.
当然,
如果我们遇到暴力,
我们应该采取适当的措施来保护自己。
Of
course,
________________,
we
should
take
appropriate
measures
to
protect
ourselves.
2.
电子红包就是为了好玩或是送出祝福的,
而钱的数量无关紧要。
E-hongbao
is
just
for
fun
or
giving
best
wishes,
________________.
3.
他脱下衣服在床上躺了一会儿,
尽力去读书,
但他发现自己一遍又一遍地读着同一页。
He
undressed
and
lay
for
a
while
on
the
bed,
trying
to
read,
________________the
same
page
over
and
over
again.
答案：1.
if
we
meet
the
violence
2.
while
the
sum
of
money
matters
little
3.
but
he
found
himself
reading
语篇题组
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Khan
Academy
is
an
online
learning
website
created
in
2007
by
Salman
Khan,
an
American
teacher,
and
is
aimed
at
1.
__________(provide)“a
free
world-class
education
to
anyone
anywhere”.
Khan
offers
more
than
4,
200
free
micro
lectures,
each
of
2.
__________,
usually
lasts
10
to
15
minutes.
Unlike
3.
__________(tradition)classes,
Khan
mainly
offers
courses
for
students
below
college
level.
The
classes
can
also
help
those
planning
to
take
the
SAT,
4.
__________exam
often
required
for
students
wishing
to
enter
an
American
college
or
university.
5.
__________(start)your
learning
journey
at
Khan
Academy,
you
should
first
of
all
enter
the
website
with
a
personal
e-mail
account.
Your
personal
homepage
at
Khan
Academy
6.
__________(design)to
help
you
learn
math.
You
can
take
a
pre-test
first
to
see
your
level.
The
academy
then
suggests
exercises
at
the
right
level
for
you.
If
you
are
interested
in
other
subjects,
click“LEARN”to
see
all
topics
7.
__________(offer)online:
Try“Art
History”,
for
example,
8.
__________you
will
be
taken
to
all
the
things
in
that
area
like
articles,
videos
and
questions.
Don’t
worry
9.
__________you
find
it
difficult
to
follow
the
course
in
English.
Courses
in
10.
__________(translate)in
Chinese,
Japanese
and
other
languages
are
also
available.
【文章大意】本文是说明文,
主要介绍了在线学习网站Khan
Academy的创建、设置的课程、如何在Khan
Academy上学习等方面的情况。
1.
【解析】providing。考查非谓语动词。介词后通常跟v.
-ing形式。
2.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。each
of
which,
usually
lasts.
.
.
是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,
修饰先行词lectures。
3.
【解析】traditional。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词classes,
需用tradition的形容词形式。
4.
【解析】an。考查冠词。an
exam
often
required.
.
.
是the
SAT的同位语,
解释说明SAT是“一个……的考试”,
且exam是以元音音素开头,
故用不定冠词an。
5.
【解析】To
start。考查非谓语动词。To
start
your
learning
journey
.
.
.
是不定式短语作状语,
表示目的。
6.
【解析】is
designed。考查动词的时态和语态。主语your
personal
homepage和谓语动词design之间是被动关系,
需用被动语态;
这里说的是经常性的情况,
用一般现在时。
7.
【解析】offered。考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语offered
online作后置定语,
修饰topics,
分词动作offer与逻辑主语topics之间是被动关系。
8.
【解析】and。考查连词。句型“祈使句+
and
+陈述句”表示条件和结果的关系。
9.
【解析】if。考查状语从句。if引导条件状语从句。句意:
如果你觉得英语课程跟不上的话,
不要着急。
10.
【解析】translation。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作介词in的宾语,
需用translate的名词形式。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
(2017·衡水模拟)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改:
在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.
只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear
Mr
White,
I
heard
that
you
are
planning
to
invite
for
a
famous
scientist
to
give
us
a
speech,
so
I’m
writing
to
ask
whether
we
can
have
a
speech
giving
by
Professor
Martin
Karplus.
Born
in
March
15,
1930,
Professor
Martin
Karplus
is
a
Austrian-born
American
theoretical
chemist.
She
works
as
a
professor
of
chemistry
at
Harvard
University.
I
have
two
reasons
asking
for
him
to
give
us
a
speech.
One
is
that
the
Karplus
equation
is
named
after
him,
but
the
other
is
that
he
receives
the
2013
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry,
together
with
two
other
colleagues.
Thank
you
for
read
my
letter.
I
hope
you
can
consider
my
suggestion
serious.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中for去掉。invite
sb.
意为“邀请某人”,
其中invite为及物动词。
2.
【解析】第一句中giving→given。分析句子结构可知,
此处given
by.
.
.
为过去分词短语作定语,
由于动词give与前面的a
speech构成被动关系,
故用过去分词。
3.
【解析】第二句中in→on。具体到某一天应该用介词on。
4.
【解析】第二句中a→an。Austrian-born首字母发音为元音音素。
5.
【解析】第三句中She→He。本句出现偷换主语的错误。根据上下文可知,
应该是男性。
6.
【解析】第四句中reasons后加for。句意:
邀请他给我们做演讲,
我有两个原因。reasons
for.
.
.
意为“……的原因”。
7.
【解析】第五句中but→and。此处在分析邀请这位教授的原因,
一方面……,
另一方面……,
两者之间是并列关系。
8.
【解析】第五句中receives→received。根据后面的the
2013
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry可知,
动作已经发生,
故用一般过去时。
9.
【解析】第六句中read→reading。for为介词,
其后需要跟名词或动名词。
10.
【解析】第七句中serious→seriously。分析句子结构可知,
此处副词seriously修饰动词consider。
