Unit 1 How can we become good learners?知识点及考点学案

Unit1
How
can
we
become
good
learners
1.
by
+
doing
表方式
1.
by
working
with
friends
通过和朋友合作
by
prep.
通过……，表方法、手段，后面加名词、代词或动名词（v-ing）作宾语。by
+
doing
sth.
通过……方式
【拓展】by的用法
by
+
交通工具
乘坐……（交通工具前不可加限定词）
by
busby
bike
by
+
时间
在……之前
by
this
Tuesday
在本周二之前
by
+
地点
在……旁边
by
the
river
在河边
by用于被动语态
被……（引导动作发出者）
The
apple
is
eaten
by
my
sister.
by
oneself
独自
by
myself
我独自by
himself
他独自
练习（
）Michael,_____
American
Teacher,
often
goes
to
school
by
______
car.
A.
a;
the
B.
an;
/
C.
an;
the
D.
the;
/
（
）—Does
your
father
always
goes
to
work
by
____
car
—No,
he
sometimes
takes
_____
bus.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
/
D.
/;
a
He
learnt
English
by
____________
(listen)
English
songs.
2.
How
can
we
become
good
learners
我们如何成为好的学习者？
how
引导的询问方式的特殊疑问句，表“如何，怎么，怎样”
3.
ask
for
help
寻求帮助
ask
sb.
for
help
=
turn
to
sb.
寻求某人帮助
ask
sb.
for
sth.
向某人要某物
ask
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.
要求某人（不）做某事
4.
have
conversation
with
sb.
=
talk
with
sb.
和某人对话/谈话
5.
What
about
reading
aloud
to
practice
pronunciation
大声朗读来练习发音怎样？
（1）
What
about
doing
sth.
=
How
about
doing
sth.
……怎么样？（表建议）
练习4：列出已学的表建议的句型：
表示同意对方建议的答句：
表示委婉地拒绝的答句：
练习5：（
）Why
not
_____
your
friends
for
help
when
you
are
in
trouble
A.
ask
B.
to
ask
C.
asking
D.
asks
（
）—Shall
we
go
hiking
this
Saturday
—__________.
A.
Good
idea
B.
You’re
welcome
C.
You’re
right
（
）—Would
you
like
a
glass
of
water
—_________.I’m
not
thirsty.
A.
No,
I
wouldn’t
B.
No,
thanks
C.
Yes,
please
（
）—Would
you
mind
______
the
window
—Certainly
not.
Go
ahead.
A.
to
close
B.
close
C.
closing
D.
closed
（2）aloud,
loud,
loudly
aloud
adv“大声地”指出声能让人听见，但声音不大
，强调“出声”，即把话说出来，而不是在心里默默地“说”，通常与read,
speak,
think等动词连用。
read
aloud朗读think
aloud自言自语
loud
adj./adv“大声(的)”或“响亮(的)”
指说话声和笑声，常与talk/speak/laugh/sing等词连用,常用于比较级；
I
can’t
hear
you—please
speak
louder.我听不清你说话，请再大声点
loudly
只可用作副词（与loud同义）
含有“吵闹”的意思，不悦耳，但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思，可位于动词之前或之后。
Don’t
talk
so
loudly.别这么大声讲话。
练习6：（
）Don’t
speak
so
___,
my
boys,
I’ll
read
___
a
story
to
you.
A.
loudly;
aloud
B.
loudly;
loudly
C.
aloud;
loudly
D.
loud;
loudly
（3）practice
sth./doing
sth.练习做某事
后面跟动词ing的动词或动词短语：
enjoy
doing
sth.
喜欢做某事
finish
doing
sth.
完成某事
give
up
doing
sth。
放弃做某事
can’t
help
doing
sth.
禁不住做某事
like/dislike
doing
sth.
喜欢/不喜欢做某事
allow
doing
sth.
允许做某事
continue
doing
sth.
=go
on
doing
sth.
继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
keep
on
doing
sth.
坚持做某事(有间断的连续)
be
busy
doing
sth.
忙于做某事
end
up
doing
sth.
结束做某事
have
fun
doing
sth.
做某事有乐趣
feel
like
doing
sth.
想要做某事
put
off
doing
sth.
推迟做某事
look
forward
to
doing
sth.
期待做某事
suggest/advise
doing
sth.
建议做某事
get/be
used
to
doing
sth.
习惯于做某事
6.
I’ve
learned
a
lot
that
way通过那种方式我学到了很多。
a
lot
&
a
lot
of:
a
lot
很多，做副词短语，修饰动词，放于动词后面。
e.g.
He
always
thinks
a
lot
before
speaking.
他在讲话前总是想很多。
a
lot
of
=
lots
of
很多的，做形容词短语，放于复数名词或不可数名词之前。
e.g.
There
are
a
lot
of/lots
of
books
on
the
desk.
练习7：（
）He
drinks
_____.
He’s
got
___
money
but
not
____
friends.
A.
a
lot;
plenty
of;
much
B.
much;
a
lot
of;
many
C.
a
lot;
a
lot
of;
many
D.
a
lot
of;
a
lot;
a
lot
of
7.
I
do
that
sometimes.
我有时会那样做。
sometimes
有时
sometime
在某个时候
some
time
一段时间
some
times
几次；几倍
练习8：（
）I
hope
to
visit
the
USA
_____
in
the
future.
A.
sometimes
B.
some
times
C.
sometime
D.
some
time
8.
It’s
too
hard
to
understand
the
spoken
English.
理解英语口语太难了。
too
…
to
…
太……而不能……
not
…
enough
to
do
sth.
so
…
that
e.g.
The
boy
is
too
young
to
look
after
himself.
那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。
9.
I’m
a
little
nervous.我有点紧张。
few
几乎没有（表否定含义）
后面加可数名词复数
Don’t
ask
me
for
papers.
I
have
few.
a
few
一些（表肯定含义）
He
made
a
few
mistakes.
little
几乎没有（表否定含义）
后面加不可数名词
Hurry
up!
We
have
little
time!
a
little
一些（表肯定含义）
There
is
a
little
water
in
the
glass.
练习9：—Would
you
like
some
more
noodles,
Celia
—Yes,
just
_________,
please.
A.
a
few
B.
few
C.
a
little
D.
little
10.
Just
read
quickly
to
get
the
main
ideas
at
first.
首先快速阅读获取大意就好。
at
first
首先，最初
first
of
all
首先，首要的是
（开头，插入语）
11.
word
by
word
逐字
12.
patient
n.患者，病人
adj.忍耐的，有耐心的
n.patience
be
patient
of
sth.
容忍某物
be
patient
to
do
sth.
有耐心干某事
be
patient
with
对……有耐心
13.
The
more
you
read,
the
faster
you’ll
be.你阅读越多，你的速度就会越快。
the
+
比较级，the
+
比较级，“越……越……”
e.g.
The
higher
you
climb,
the
farther
you’ll
see.
14.
Why
did
Wei
Fen
find
it
difficult
to
learn
English
为什么魏芬觉得学英语很难？
find
it
+
adj.+
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
do
sth.
意为“发现做某事……”。find后接的是复合宾语，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，形容词difficult在句中作宾语补足语。
能接“it+形容词（宾补）+动词不定式”结构的动词有think,
make,
find,
feel等。
练习10：（
）When
I
went
into
the
room,
I
found
___
in
bed.
A.
him
lying
B.
he
lying
C.
he
lies
D.
him
was
lying
15.
The
teacher
spoke
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
so
quickly
that
I
did
not
understand
her
most
of
the
time.
老师讲得太快了，以至于大部分时间我听不懂她。
so
that
&
so
…
that…
so
that
以便，为了
引导目的状语从句，相当于in
order
that...结构，两者引出的从句中大多含有情态动词can,
be
able
to等
She
got
up
early
so
that
she
could
catch
the
bus.
为了能赶上车，她起得很早
so...that...
如此……以至于……”
引导结果状语从句，so后接形容词或副词，常用于“so+形容词/副词+that从句”。
It
was
so
hot
that
we
all
went
for
a
swim.天气太热，所以我们都去游泳了
so
…
that
…
&
such
…
that
…
她是如此善良的一个女孩以致于大家都喜欢她。
She
is
girl
all
of
us
like
her
very
much.
She
is
kind
all
of
us
like
her
very
much.
16.
be
afraid
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事
be
afraid
of
sth.
/
doing
sth.
害怕某事
be
afraid
that
17.
because
&
because
of
because of
是复合介词，其后常接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的名词性从句，在句中通常作状语。
I believed him because of what he said因他说过的话我相信了他。
because
是连词，常用来引导原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句。（一般不放于句首）
He didn’t come because he was ill他因生病而没来。
18.
Then
one
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day
I
watched
an
English
movie
called
Toy
Story.
后来有一天，我看了一部叫《玩具总动员》的英语电影。
v-ed
做宾补
a
boy
called/named
Tom
with
the
name
of=
called
=
named
名叫……
宾补
&
定语
宾补：紧跟宾语，起补充说明作用，说明宾语的意义、状态；（非谓语、adj.
prep.
adv.
n.）
定语：修饰n.
/
pron.
起限定
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作用，做adj.用，译为“……的”。（n.
adj.
sentence.
prep.
adv.
非谓语）
e.g.
I
find
learning
English
difficult.
（adj.做宾补）
I
saw
the
kite
up
and
down.
（adv.做宾补）
Tom
made
the
girl
cry.
（非谓语做宾补）
I
found
her
in
the
room.
（prep.做宾补）
I
call
him
Mike.
（n.做宾补）
e.g.
The
boy
to
write
this
letter
is
Tom.
（非谓语做定语）
boy
student
（n.做定语）
the
smiling
girl
（adj.做定语）
the
boy
in
blue
（prep.做定语）
the
students
here
（adv.做定语）
The
man
who
is
sitting
there
is
my
father.
（sentence做定语）
练习11：判断下列句子中划线部分在句中充当宾补或定语。
We
made
him
our
monitor.
（
）
We’d
better
leave
the
door
open.
（
）
At
this
moment
she
noticed
the
teacher
coming
in.
（
）
They
use
Mr.
or
Mrs.
with
the
family
name.
（
）
I
saw
him
out
with
his
father
the
day
before
yesterday.
（
）
Who
is
the
boy
sleeping
under
the
tree
（
）
19.
exciting
&
excited
（-ing指物，-ed指人）
练习12：（
）Everyone
was
______when
they
heard
the
______
news.
A．exciting，exciting
B．excited，exciting
C．exciting．excited
（
）The
story
book
is
very
______,
I’m
very
______
in
it.
A.
interesting,
interested
B.
interested,
interesting
C.
interest,
interested
D.
interesting,
interest
20.
I
also
realiz
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
I
could
get
the
meaning
by
listening
for
just
the
key
words.
（宾语从句，省略引导词that）
【宾语从句】在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
I
know
the
man.
I
know
that
the
man
is
a
teacher.
陈述句
That
不变
I
think
that
we
can
be
good
friends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
I
don’t
know
if
/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whether
Jim
is
a
good
student.
（Is
Jim
a
good
student
I
don’t
know.）
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
Good
learners
think
about
what
they
are
good
at.
注意：1.
宾语从句中引导词that可以省略；
2.
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,
who作主语时，语序不变：
What’s
wrong
What’s
the
matter
What’s
happening
e.g.
I
don’t
know
what’s
the
matter.
He
asked
who
was
our
English
teacher.
3.
宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定;
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的时态。
特殊情况：
从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。
e.g.
He
told
me
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
练习15：
1）I
hope
________
it
will
snow
this
winter.
A.
when
B.
if
C.
whether
D.
/
2)—I
don’t
know
________
Mr.Green
will
come
to
see
us.
—He
will
help
us
with
our
English.
A.
why
B.
when
C.
how
D.
where
3)I
can’t
remember
________
I
have
seen
him
before.
A.
whether
B.
why
C.
what
D.
how
4)—Do
you
know
________？I’m
going
to
see
him.
—Sorry，I
don’t
know.
A.
where
does
Mr.Li
live
B.
where
did
Mr.Li
live
C.
where
Mr.Li
lives
D.
where
Mr.Li
lived
5)—Where
do
you
think
________
he
________
the
computer？
—Sorry，I
have
no
idea.
A.／；bought
B.
has；bought
C.
did；buy
D.
does；buy
6)
I
want
to
know
____
you
are
waiting
for
A.
why
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whom
7)
I
was
told
________
Bill
Gates
was
thirteen
he
began
to
play
with
computers.
A.
that
how
B.
how
that
C.
when
that
D.
that
when
8).
We
don’t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )know
_________
with
the
rubbish
and
it
pollutes
out
land
and
sea.
A.
how
do
it
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
how
to
do
C.
what
do
it
D.
what
to
do
9).
I
don't
know
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
he
will
come
tomorrow.
_________
he
comes,
I'll
tell
you．
A.
if;
Whether
B.
whether;
Whether
C.
if;
That
D.
if;
If
10).
The
small
children
don't
know
_________.
A.
what
is
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir
stockings
in
B.
what
is
in
their
stockings
C.
where
is
their
stockings
in
D.
what
in
their
stockings
11).
She
told
me
the
sun
______
in
the
east.
A.
rise
　
B.
rose
　C.
rises
　D.
had
risen
12).
The
manager
came
up
to
see
__________.
A.
what
was
the
matt
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
　
B.
what
the
matter
was
C.
what
the
matter
is
D.
what’s
the
matter
doing
D.
what
to
do
it
13).
─Where
do
you
think
_____
he
____
the
TV
set
─
Sorry，
I’ve
no
idea.
A.
/;
bought
B.
has;
bought
C.
did;
buy
D.
did
bought
14).
---What
time
will
Mr.
Brown
be
back
to
China
----Sorry.
I
don’t
know
_______.
A.
when
did
he
go
abroad
B.
why
he
is
going
abroad
C.
how
soon
will
he
be
back
D.
how
long
he
will
stay
abroad
15).
Peter
says
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
the
Whites
are
on
holiday,
but
no
one
knows
_______.
A.
where
they
have
been
B.
where
are
they
C.
where
are
they
from
D.
where
they
have
gone
21.
My
pronunciatio
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
improved
as
well
by
listening
to
the
interesting
conversations
in
English
movies.通过英语电影里的对话，我的发音也得到了提升。
also
用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
too
用于肯定句句末，与句子用逗号隔开
either
通常放于否定句末，与句子用逗号隔开
as
well
用于肯定句句末，与句子之间不用逗号
练习16：（
）He
can’t
swim
.I
can’t,_____.
A.
too
B.
also
C.
either
D.
neither
22.
I
discovere
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
that
listening
to
something
you
are
interested
in
is
the
secret
to
language
learning.我发现听有趣的内容是学习语言的秘诀。
动词做主语，要用v-ing形式。
the
secrete
to
the
solution
to
the
problem
解决问题的办法
the
answer
to
the
question
问题的答案
the
key
to
the
door
门的钥匙
the
ticket
to
the
film
电影的票
the
way
to
...
去......的路
look
up
查找
look
after
照顾
look
like
看起来像
look
out
当心，小心
look
through
浏览
look
for
寻找
look
forward
to
期待
look
around
向四周看
look
over
检查
24.
I
can’t
understand
spoken
English.
spoken
adj
“口语
的，口头的”，常在句中做定语。
Our
English
teacher
asked
us
to
pay
attention
to
spoken
English.
I
don’t
know
how
to
increase
my
reading
speed.
know（知道），tell(告诉)
wonder（想知道）
ask(问)
find
out
(发现)
learn
(学会)
+
what
,
which,when,
where,
how
+
动词不定式（to
do）
26.
I
often
make
mistakes
in
grammar.
我常犯语法错误。
make
mistakes
/make
a
mistake
犯错
Did
you
make
a
mistake
again
make
mistakes
in
“在某方面犯错误”
I
used
to
make
mistakes
in
spelling.
mistake
…for…
“错把……当作……”
He
teacher
mistook
me
for
my
twin
brother.
by
mistake
错误地
Sorry,
I
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.
【记】
Yesterday
I
____________（放错误），
I_________
Mr.
Wang
___
Mr.
Zhang（把……误认为），
and
said
hello
to
Mr.
Wang
___________(错误地).
27.
I
don’t
know
enough
words
to
write
well.我掌握的词汇不多，无法出色地写作。
enough
①adj.
可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，可在名词之前也可在名词后，即：名词+enough
或enough
+名词
I
have
enough
money
to
buy
the
book.
②adv.可修饰形容词、副词的原级或动词，此时要后置，即：形容词/副词+enough
【记】名前形，形后副，这是区别enough作形容词或副词的基本用法。
Is
the
river
deep
enough
for
swimming
【考点训练】
【2015江苏盐城】9.
Audrey
H
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )epburn,
one
of
the
greatest
actresses,
was
___
to
take
on
challenges
in
her
life.
A.
enough
br
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave
B.
brave
enough
C.
stupid
enough
D.enough
stupid
【2015黑龙江龙东】11.
All
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
students
in
the
classroom
do
their
homework
______.
A.
enough
careful
B.
careful
enough
C.
carefully
enough
28.
get
+
O.
+
O.C.
29.
Maybe
you
should
join
an
English
club.也许你应该加入一个英语俱乐部。
join
表示加入某人或某种组织，成为其中的一员
join
the
army
/
party
入伍/
党
join
the
club
加入俱乐部
join
sb.
加入到某个人群之中
join
us
加入我们
join
in=take
part
in
后接活动名称，表示参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动
Take
part
in
the
school
meeting
参加学校运动会
attend
表示出席或参加会议、婚礼、报告或讲座等
attend
the
meeting参加会议
30.
Everyone
is
born
with
the
ability
to
learn.
bear→
bore
→born
v“出生；产生；形成”
be
born
with
天生具有
指“生而具有（某种能力/天赋/身份等）”
I
was
born
in
Beijing.我出生在北京。
be
born
in
出生于
后可以跟时间/地点
Not
everyone
was
born
with
such
gifts
as
you.并非所有的人生来都像你这样有天赋。
31.
But
whether
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not
you
can
do
this
well
depends
on
your
learning
habits.
但你是否学得好则取决于你的学习习惯。
depend
on
“依赖；依靠；取决于；随...而定。”
32.
have
sth
in
common
有......共同之处
in
common
with
sb/sth:
与某人[某事物]一起：
像某人[某事物]一样:
You
are
in
common
with
me.
33.
Studies
show
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
if
you
are
interested
in
something,
your
brain
is
more
active
and
it
is
also
easier
for
you
to
pay
attention
to
it
for
a
long
time.
研究表明，如果你对某种东西感兴趣，你的大脑就更活跃，对你来说也更容易长时间关注它。
be
interested
in对......感兴趣，
（后跟名词、代词或动词ing
It
is
+
adj.（表示事物特征）
+
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
It
is
+
adj.（表示人的性格、品质
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与特点，如：good
,kind
,nice,
wrong等）
+
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
练习17：（
）It’s
very
nice
_______
pictures
for
me.
A.
of
you
to
draw
B.
for
you
to
draw
C.
for
you
drawing
D.
of
you
drawing
pay
attention
to
“注意；留意”
对……注意
【注】to
是介词，后跟名词、代词以及动词-ing形式
Good
learners
ofte
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
connect
what
they
need
to
learn
with
something
interesting.
优秀的学习者常常将他们需要学习的东西与有趣的事物联系起来。
connect
to
把……连接到……
Please
connect
the
computer
to
Internet.
connect
with
和……有关,和……有联系.
He
is
connected
with
the
case.
connect…
with…
把……和……联系在一起
need
to
do
需要做某事
need
doing
需要被……
32.
even
if
=
even
though
即使
33.
unless
=
if
…
not
除非，如果不
34.
Are
you
stressed
out
each
time
you
have
a
test
你每次考试都会紧张吗？
【考点分析】stressed
out
“有压力的，紧张的
焦虑不安的”
,
通常和be
/
get
连用；构成be
/
get
stressed
out
35.
on
one’s
own
36.
instead
of