Unit 1 Advertising Grammar and usage

课题 Grammar and usage 学习目标 To learn the direct and indirect speech and how to change from one to the other 重点 To identify the differences between direct and in direct speech 难点 To learn how to use reported speech in statements, questions.
学习内容及过程 教学设计学习札记 学习内容及过程 教学设计学习札记
直接引语和间接引语一. 定义 交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( The Indirect Speech). 例如：He said, “I will choose a book from my students.” 他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”He said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他将为学生选一本书。二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化1. 标点符号的变化：He said to me, “Don’t live in London!” = He told me not to live in London.2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。He said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.3. 动词的变化： say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。He said to me, “Could you please live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I could live in London. = He asked me to live in London.4. 连接词的变化连接词1. 陈述句用that连接He said to me, “I live in London.”= He told me that he lived in London. 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接 He said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris.He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.3.特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 He said to me, “When do you live in London ”= He asked me when I lived in London.5. 时态的变化时态变化1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变 He says, “I live in London.”= He says that he lives in London.He says, “I have lived in London for years.”= He says that he has lived in London for years.2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化He said, “I live in London.” = He said that he lived in London.He said, “I am living in London now.”= He said that he was living in London then.7. 指示代词，地点副词，动词, 时间状语的变化指示代词，地点副词，动词变化指示代词的变化：this---that these---thoseHe said to me, “I live in London.”= He told me that he lived in London. 地点副词的变化：here---there now---thenHe said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris.He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.动词的变化：come---go bring---takeHe said to me, “When do you live in London ”= He asked me when I lived in London.时间状语的变化：today---that day tonight--- that nightyesterday---the day beforeyesterday morning--- the morning beforelast week---the week beforenext week--- the next weektomorrow---the next daytomorrow morning---the next morning3 days ago---3 days beforethe day after tomorrow--- in 2 day’s timeHe said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”= He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.He said to me, “Will you come here today or tomorrow ”= He asked me if I would go there that day or the next day.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday ” = He asked me if I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before. She said, “I’ll bring you this book next month.”= She said that he would go there again that night.She said, “He will come here again tonight.”= She said that he would go there again that night. 一般现在时---一般过去时一般将来时---过去将来时现在完成时---过去完成时现在进行时---过去进行时一般过去时---过去完成时He said, “I will live in London next year.”= He said that he would live in London the next year.He said, “I lived in London for years.”= He said that he had lived in London for years.3. 但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变He said, “When I saw her, she was living in London.”= He said that when he saw her she was living in London.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”= He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.4. 表示过去具体年份的状语不变He said, “I was born in 1956.”= He said that he was born in 1956.5. 表示真理，格言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”= He said that the earth turns around the sun. 6. 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)He told me that he works as a teacher. （现在仍是教师）7. could, would, should, needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情态动词不变He said, “I would like to live in London.”= He said that he would like to live in London,He said, “I used to live in London.”= He said that he used to live in London. 6. 人称代词的变化：人称代词变化1. 一主（根据引号外的主语变换引号内的人称代词）Tom said to Kate, “I have finished my homework.”= Tom and Kate that he had already finished his homework.2. 二宾（根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词）Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.”= Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.3. 三不变（第三人称不变）Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late ”= Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late. Exercise for consolidationMultiple choice1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film ” he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He 　_____ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you ” she asked. →She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you 　B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter8. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to; not to do B. said to; don’t do C. told; don’t do D. told; not to do9. Can you tell me ___ tomorrow A. what’s the weather going to be like B. what the weather is going to be like C. how the weather is going to be like D. how is the weather going to be like10. Can you tell me ______ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
课题 Grammar and usage 学习目标 To learn the direct and indirect speech and how to change from one to the other 重点 To identify the differences between direct and in direct speech 难点 To learn how to use reported speech in statements, questions.
学习内容及过程 教学设计学习札记 学习内容及过程 教学设计学习札记
直接引语和间接引语一. 定义 交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( The Indirect Speech). 例如：He said, “I will choose a book from my students.” 他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”He said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他将为学生选一本书。二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化1. 标点符号的变化：He said to me, “Don’t live in London!” = He told me not to live in London.2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。He said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.3. 动词的变化： say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。He said to me, “Could you please live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I could live in London. = He asked me to live in London.4. 连接词的变化连接词1. 陈述句用that连接He said to me, “I live in London.”= He told me that he lived in London. 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接 He said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris.He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.3.特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 He said to me, “When do you live in London ”= He asked me when I lived in London.5. 时态的变化：时态变化1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 He says, “I live in London.”= He says that he lives in London.He says, “I have lived in London for years.”= He says that he has lived in London for years.2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：He said, “I live in London.” = He said that he lived in London.He said, “I am living in London now.”= He said that he was living in London then.7. 指示代词，地点副词，动词, 时间状语的变化指示代词，地点副词，动词变化指示代词的变化：this---that these---thoseHe said to me, “I live in London.”= He told me that he lived in London. 地点副词的变化：here---there now---thenHe said to me, “Do you live in London ” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris.He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.动词的变化：come---go bring---takeHe said to me, “When do you live in London ”= He asked me when I lived in London.时间状语的变化：today---that day tonight--- that nightyesterday---the day beforeyesterday morning--- the morning beforelast week---the week beforenext week--- the next weektomorrow---the next daytomorrow morning---the next morning3 days ago---3 days beforethe day after tomorrow--- in 2 day’s timeHe said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”= He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.He said to me, “Will you come here today or tomorrow ”= He asked me if I would go there that day or the next day.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday ” = He asked me if I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before. She said, “I’ll bring you this book next month.”= She said that he would go there again that night.She said, “He will come here again tonight.”= She said that he would go there again that night. 一般现在时---一般过去时一般将来时---过去将来时现在完成时---过去完成时现在进行时---过去进行时一般过去时---过去完成时He said, “I will live in London next year.”= He said that he would live in London the next year.He said, “I lived in London for years.”= He said that he had lived in London for years.3. 但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。He said, “When I saw her, she was living in London.”= He said that when he saw her she was living in London.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”= He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.4. 表示过去具体年份的状语不变He said, “I was born in 1956.”= He said that he was born in 1956.5. 表示真理，格言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”= He said that the earth turns around the sun. 6. 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)He told me that he works as a teacher. （现在仍是教师）7. could, would, should, needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情态动词不变。He said, “I would like to live in London.”= He said that he would like to live in London,He said, “I used to live in London.”= He said that he used to live in London. 6. 人称代词的变化：人称代词变化1. 一主（根据引号外的主语变换引号内的人称代词）Tom said to Kate, “I have finished my homework.”= Tom and Kate that he had already finished his homework.2. 二宾（根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词）Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.”= Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.3. 三不变（第三人称不变）Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late ”= Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late. Exercise for consolidationMultiple choice1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film ” he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He 　_____ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you ” she asked. →She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you 　B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter8. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to; not to do B. said to; don’t do C. told; don’t do D. told; not to do9. Can you tell me ___ tomorrow A. what’s the weather going to be like B. what the weather is going to be like C. how the weather is going to be like D. how is the weather going to be like10. Can you tell me ______ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
老 师 寄 语：课前预习不可少，自主质疑效果好；课上跟着目标跑，合作探究是法宝；知识网络要织巧，理论清晰又明了；达标训练讲效率，拓展提升很重要；格式合理讲科学，要点全面话要巧。
高效课堂要旨：设疑性引导，高效率自学；生活化导入，总揽式介绍；互动式探究同，理论性归纳；针对性达标，网络化小结；拓展式提升，开放性思考。