课件31张PPT。Unit 5
Meeting your ancestorsListening and discussing(P 42) Archaeologists use different
methods of archaeometry. There
are two major ways of dating
objects. They are relative dating
and absolute dating.
Relative dating finds out the age
of the object in relation to the age
of another object. Relative dating
only gives comparisons, not the
actual dates. Absolute dating gives the age of the
artifact in years. There are many
examples of absolute dating.
Radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating is
one of the most commonly used
measures. It measures the
radiocarbon discovered in bones to
find out how long they have been
in the ground.All animals have carbon in their
bodies which begin to decay as
soon as they die. If you can
measure the amount of carbon, you
can tell how old the bones are. Can you date the object found in the ground? How can you date it? Listen to Part I of the tape and try to understand "the wastepaper basket"
diagram on the right and fill in the
layers. yogurt potsused envelopswaste paperorange skinListen to Part 2 and complete the passage below.It uses radioactivity to measure the amount of ___________ in living things. The __________ in a dead body __________ at a __________ rate. We know how long that takes, so we can measure the amount of __________ and __________ how old a bone is.carbondisappearsfixedcarbonwork outcarbonThe age of the building depends on the
number of layers it is resting on. The
more layers, the more recent the
building is.
Say the order the houses were built. The oldest building is B because it has no layers underneath it.
The second oldest building is C because it has one layer underneath it. That layer is the remains of the building in B.
The most recent building is building A. It has two layers underneath. They are the remains of buildings B and C.Listening (P 78) The terracotta figures were discovered
in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an,
Shaanxi province, China near the
Mausouleum of the second Ming
Emperor. The figures vary in height
(183–195?cm ~ 6ft–6ft 5in), according to
their role, the tallest being the generals.
Although they were found many years
ago, research still continues into how they
can be best preserved.Listen to the tape and write
down the main idea of their dialogue.The main idea is that there are two
problems that archaeologists are trying
to solve in order to preserve terracotta
warriors. One is how to protect the
colours and the other is how to protect
the statues against moulds.Listen again and answer the questions.1. What is the first problem? Why is it easier to solve?
2. How does the terracotta army show the power of Emperor Qin Shihuang?
3. What caused the terracotta warriors to lose their colour?
4. Why is it not easy to solve the problem of forty kinds of mould?1. What is the first problem? Why is it easier to solve?
The first problem is how to protect the
colours originally painted on the
terracotta warriors. This problem is
easier to solve because the scientists
have discovered a new chemical
protection which will keep the colours
shining brightly.2. How does the terracotta army show the power of Emperor Qin Shihuang?Each terracotta warrior was a copy of a
real soldier in Qin’s army. It must have
needed a tremendous amount of
organization to produce the number,
the size of the statues and all this
the Emperor’s power.3. What caused the terracotta warriors to
lose their colour?The change in temperature and the
sunlight when the warriors were
excavated made them lose their colours.4. Why is it not easy to solve the problem
of forty kinds of mould?The forty kinds of mould are difficult to
treat because they all need different kinds
of treatment.Listening task(P 81)Flinders Petrie
(1853-1942)
British
archaeologist
and Egyptologist Flinders Petrie excavated at many of
the most important archaeological sites
in Egypt, such as Naukratis, Tanis,
Abydos and Amarna. Poor people did not bury their dead family members with goods.
Both rich and poor people preserved the bodies of their family members after death.
The ancient Egyptians believed the spirits of dead people went to the afterlife.
The ancient Egyptians believed everyone was first tested to see if they had lived a good life.
If you had not lived a good life, you went into the afterlife anyway.
The God Anubis ate your spirit if you had led a bad life on the earth.Read these statements. Listen to the tape and decide whether they are true or false.FTTTFTNow listen to the tape again and write down the similarities and differences between the beliefs of rich and poor people.1. They both believed in life after death.
2. They both had their bodies preserved.
3. They both had goods in the grave for the journey to the afterlife.1. There were many more goods in the rich person’s grave than in the poor person’s.
2. The rich person was buried n a special building, but the poor person was not.
3. The rich person had guidebooks for the journey to the afterlife, but the poor person did not.Speaking and writing(P 44)What words and phrases occur to you when looking at the objects from Sanxingdui Ruins? Discuss with your partner.Sample discussion
S1: Let’s look at this mask more closely. It looks strange, don’t you think so?
S2: How large do you thin it is?
S1: Well, I think it’s big enough for a man to wear over his face.
S2: Is there anything to fix it to your face?
S1: There doesn’t seem to be. What do you think it was used for?
S2: It could be for acting a part because it has such strange hair and face. It seems to be used to frighten people.S1: True. But the person wearing it wouldn’t be able to see anything.
S2: You’re right. I suppose it may have been used as a mask for a god and the person was guided by helpers.
S1: Yes, this sounds possible. What do you think it was made of?
S2: That’s easy. It must be bronze. When you feel the weight, you know that must be true.
S1: I’m sure you’re right, but perhaps we’ll never know what it was really used for11. Special bronze tree
It is 395 cm high with some branches on the tree. There are three kinds of fruit on each branch. One of the fruit is a peach. The tree may have had a religious meaning and is connected with the sky and the earth.Sample description for guidebook2. Bronze mask
This is a man-face mask with two eyes, two ears and hair. It fits over an adult face. You can see the teeth and they look as if the man was smiling. The eyebrows grow into the hair. The nose is very flat. This mask may have represented a god so that the person who wore it would have acted the role of the god.3. Bronze bird
This is a very realistic and lively bronze statue of a bird. Its wing is not realistic but shows some feathers pointing to the sky. It represented the idea that all animals have spirits and birds were especially important. It may have been used for religious purposes.4. Clay pot
This clay pot was found with the bronze objects already described. It rests on three thick legs which makes it very sturdy. It has a long straight body ending in a dome at the top of the lid. There is also an open mouth-like part to pour the liquid in or out. The handle reaches from below the open hole to the beginning of the three think legs. It could have been used to hold and pour wine or other liquid. It is elegant enough to be used by rich people at parties. The owners of this object clearly wanted a functional jug but one that had style and elegance. They were clearly people with artistic taste. It must have come from an old but sophisticated civilization.
