冠词专题复习

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名称 冠词专题复习
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更新时间 2010-08-05 06:25:00

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课件45张PPT。冠词 (Articles)一、冠词的泛指、特指和类指泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。
特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物,也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。
类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。二:冠词的泛指和特指用法:
单数可数名词一定要用冠词a/ anthe泛指单一,每一,任一事物指类别特指上文提到过的人或事物
被限制性修饰语所限度的人或
事物
说话双方默认的人或事物
世上独一无二的事物指类别复数可数名词和不可数名词the特指上文提到的人或事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物
说话双方默认的人或事物零冠词泛指的人或事物
指类别二、不定代词a/an的惯用法 如: a unversity; a useful animal; an uncle; an X-ray;
an 800-meter race
归纳:1、当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是辅音音素时,用a. 当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是元音音素时,用an.
e.g The two boys are of an age. (the same age)
I earn 10 dollars an hour . (every hour)
A Mr.Smith is waiting for you. ( a certain)
归纳: 2.表示 the same; one; a certain或every的意思。 练一练: 用a/an填空_____ pizza 2. _____umbrella
3. _____ one-way street 4. _____ unit
5. ____ excellent student 6. ____ honest boy
7. _____ “11” 8. ____ MA degree
9. ____ unusual day 10. ____ European
11. ____ hot day 12. ____ university aanaaanananananaaa e.g That is a green tea.
They were caught in a heavy rain.
a pleasure / a success/ a failure
归纳: 用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”.
e.g He has a knowledge of chemistry.
The get-together was a great success.
Her book is a collection of short stories.
归纳:用在某些抽象名词前,该抽象名词前便具体化了。
5.不定冠词的特殊位置
  quiet/ rather+a/an+adj+n.(单数)  
  what/ such/half+a/an+n. (单数)
rather/so/too/how/as+ adj+a/an+n.(单数)
many a/an +n.(单数) =许多
not a/an +n. (单数)=不只一个
eg:quiet a kind man
such a beautiful girl
He is as great a man as other leaders.
What a clever boy he is!=
= How clever a boy is!.不定冠词的用法
歌曰:
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”;
可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体;
某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。 .a和an的选用与巧记
 歌曰:冠词 a,an两顶帽,单数名词常需要;
    单词开头发元音, an帽儿任你挑;
    辅音起首戴a帽, 记住规律莫乱套。
注:a, an用在单数可数名词前。读音以辅音音素开头的名词前用a;读音以元音音素开头的词前用an。三、定冠词的主要用法 1.I find a man in the street;the man said he got a new job.
归纳1: 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。
2.  the earth; the moon; the Great Wall
归纳2: 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
3. the Greens the Chens
归纳3:用在姓氏的复数前,表示该夫妇俩或全家人。
4. the first the second
归纳4:用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。 
 I have hired a car by the hour. (按小时)
 Eggs are sold by the dozen.  (按每12个)
归纳5:用在表单位的名词前。
the West Lake; the Yellow River; the Red Sea
归纳6:用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前   the Tang Dynasty; in the 1990`s=1990s’
in the past few decades
归纳7:用在年代,朝代和逢十的数词(表某个年代)前
the poor; the rich; the young
归纳8:用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。
the Chinese; the English
归纳9:用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。
   the piano; the violin
归纳10:西洋乐器前加定冠词。
在句型“动词+人+介词+the+身体某一部份”中, the不可以用人称代词代替
   take sb. by the arm (抓住某人手臂)
   hit sb. in the face (打某人的脸)
beat sb on the back(打某人的背)
固定搭配。
 in the distance; in the end;
at the same time;
on the other hand; on the whole
.定冠词的基本用法
歌曰:定冠词用法有规律,防止遗忘很容易。
   特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。
   世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。
   山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。
   少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。
   普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。三、零冠词的几种情况:
 
 1.不可数名词,复数名词前表泛指
  Horses are useful animals.
2.季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前,一般不加冠词。(除了特指某前的季节等)
   on Sunday; have lunch;
   on the spring of 2009
3. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前,一般不加冠词。
play football; play chess
4. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前,不加冠词。
Doctor, I am not feeling well.
5. 中国乐器前不加冠词。
play erhu; play piba
6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词
by car; by train

7. 在turn,go(变成、成为)后面的名词做短语时,名词前不加冠词。
但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。
His dream of turning great leader came true.(变成、成为)
He turned out (to be) a great leader.(最后,结果)
He has become a great leader.
8.纯不可数名词
 wealth ; fun; space; advice; progress; information; newsas引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.
零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主+谓+主句(虽然..但是)
e.g. Hero as he is, he is still modest.
Child as she is, she knows a lot.
= Though she is a child, she…
固定搭配
in debt in good (bad) health
in good condition in office(就职)
in honour of in trouble (difficulty)
in favour of in general
in (out of) order on business
on holiday on fire
from morning till night.零冠词的基本用法
歌曰:下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限;
专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;
复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。冠词与形容词+名词结构 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 
他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
The black and the white cats are hers. 
2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 
他养了一只花猫。
The singer and dancer is going to travel.
The singer and the dancer are going to travel. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。冠词位置 1) 不定冠词位置  不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:   a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,    I have never seen such an animal.    Many a man is fit for the job.  b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:    It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.    So short a time.    Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。 但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
四、特殊情况
1. the +序数词 (第…)  the second chance
  
a +序数词 (又一,再一) a second chance

2. the+独一无二的名词 the moon; the earth
a +独一无二的名词 a full moon;

3. the +最高级(三者或以上中最…).
a+最高级(无比较之意,表非常)
   He is the most delligent students in the class.
It is a most useful book. 4三、冠词的用法拓展
(一)习惯用语中用与不用定冠词的差异
out of problem 不成问题  take place 发生
             
out of the problem 不可能  take the place of代替
 in hospital,   at table    in front of  
  
 in the hospital at the table   in the front of,
 on earth   of age 成年   lose colour 脸色苍白   
 
 on the earth  of an age 同岁   lose the colour褪色
by sea乘船 in future从今以后,将来
by the sea在海边 in the future未来
go to school (church…)上学(做礼拜…)
go to the school (church…)到学校(教堂…)去
on horseback 骑着马
on the horseback 在马背上
two of us我们当中的两人
the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能的,办不到的
next year明年
the next year 第二年
(二)用与不用不定冠词的差异
1.英语中的某些名词既可用作不可数名词又可用作可数名词,但含义不同,用法也不一样。例如:
glass玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯
Light travels faster than sound.
光速比声速快。
Be quiet. Don’t let me hear a sound.
请安静,不要让我听到动静。
另有一些不可数名词如果有形容词作定语,一般要用a 于前面:a heavy rain一场大雨2.“with+抽象名词=副词”时,抽象名词前不用不定冠词。如:
with pleasure乐意地; with anger 生气地
但在“with + a +名词”这种结构中,虽用不定冠词,却没有实际意义。例如:
with a smile 微笑地; with an effort 努力地; with a light heart 愉快地,欣然地
3.三餐的名词前,一般不用不定冠词,但如果有形容词修饰或指特定的“餐”时,庆祝活动、表示祝贺、举行宴会等可用不定冠词。例如:
I had a big breakfast this morning .
早上我饱餐了一顿。
He gave us a good dinner.
他款待了我们一顿很好的晚餐。
4.当两个并列的单数名词同指一个人或物时,后一个名词前不用不定冠词;若后一个也用不定冠词,则指两个人或物。例如:
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人);
a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)。5.在有些词或词组前有无不定冠词,意思也截然不 同。例如:
few 不多,几乎没有(表示否定,后接可数名词);
a few 有一些,有几个(表示肯定,后接可数名词)
little没有多少,几乎没有(表示否定,后接不可数
名词);
a little 有一点(表示肯定,后接不可数名词)。
6.既可用也可不用不定冠词的词组:
A lot of = lots of 许多的,大量的
Make a face =make faces做鬼脸
(三)使用定冠词与不定冠词的差异
1.在形容词的最高级前面,一般用定冠词,表示“最”的意思。但有时却用不定冠词,表示“非常”“很”。例如:
This is the most important question of all.这是所有问题中最重要的一个。
This is a most important question .这是一个非常重要的问题。2.在序数词前面用定冠词,表示“第几”; 但用不定冠词则表示“又”“再”。例如:
Will you be the first to read the text?你第一个读课文,好吗?
Will you have a second try ?你再试一次,好吗?
3.在有些短语中用定冠词和用不定冠词,意思截然不同。例如:
The number of …的数量;
a number of一些;
for a moment 一会儿;
for the moment 目前/暂时
四、用冠词的一些句型和固定词组:
(一)句型:动词+ sb.+介词+the +身体某部位。如:
I caught him by the arm. 我抓住他的手。
He looked me in the face. 他看着我的脸。(二)带定冠词the的固定词组:
all the same仍然;
all the time一直;
at the moment此刻;
at the same time同时;
by the way顺便说;
do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;
in the open air 在户外,在野外(三)带不定冠词a,an的常用词组:
a lot(of)许多,大量;
after a while过一会儿 ;
have a rest ;
have a good/wonderful time玩得开
have a try试一试 ;
in a word 总之;
in a hurry;急忙
go for a walk去散步 ;
for a moment过一会儿;(四)不用冠词的短语:
by bus乘公共汽车;
by car乘汽车,
day and night日日夜夜;
brother and sister兄弟姐妹;
hour after hour时时刻刻;
here and there到处;
at home在家;
in surprise惊奇地;
at noon在中午;
on foot步行;
at night在晚上;
on duty值日;
at work在工作;
on time准时;
for example例如;
in class在上课;
on show展览;in bed在床上;
go home回家;
go to bed上床睡觉;
go to school去上学;
go to work去上班;
go shopping/swimming/fishing去买东西/游泳/钓鱼;
at?table?在用餐;
at?midnight?在半夜;?
in?town?在城里;
play?basketball?打篮球?;?Exercises
1 There is ________ “m” in ________ word “mother”.
2 Did you play ________ basketball or play ________ piano after _______school?
3 Turn right at ________ third crossing on ________ left.
4 They got to ________ moon by ________ spaceship.
5 She is ________ university student, she likes ________ music of ________ film.ana/the/thethethe/athethe6 We didn't have _______ history yesterday, we went to visit ________ History Museum.
7 ________ Smiths went to ________ capital of ________ China last year.
8 What ________ windy day it is!
9 His ________ best friend flew to ________ France ________ last week.
10 ________ Chinese doctor told him to take _____ three times ______ day/theThethe/a///A/a He is ______ strongest pupil in our class.
A. a B. an C. the
2. He’ll come back in ____ hour.
A. a B. an C. the
3. She has __ egg and some milk every morning.
A. a B. an C. the
4. Alice likes to go ___ shopping with her friends.
A. / B. a C. the
5. Tom is playing ___ football, and Lily is playing
_____ piano.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, the
6. ___ sun is bigger than ____ moon.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, /Try out7 _____ elephant is ______ useful animal .
A An an B An a C The an
8 His aunt will be back in _______ hour .
A a B an C the
9 I have ____ important meeting to attend .
A a B an C the
10 She is too tired ,so she wants to have____ rest . A a B an C the
11 Foshan is a beautiful city .I’ll come here ___
second time .
A a B the C an
B B BAA1 Mr. Wang bought ______ house .______ house is not far from the lake .
A a An B the The C a The
2 Would you please pass me ________
sugar on the table ?
A a B the C an
3 ____earth we live on is bigger than _____ moon.
A The, a B The , the C A , the
4 _____ Blacks are going to the parkthis Sunday .Why don’t we go for _______ walk ?
A A , a B The , a C The, the
CBBB 1. ____ useful book 2. _____ Beijing
3. _____ Class 12 Grade 3
4. have ____ lunch 5. have ____ big lunch
6. in ____ morning 7. in ____ cold morning
8. ______ Mr Li 9. _____ university
10. ______ umbrella 11. _____ hour
12. _____ engineer 13. ____ forth street
14. _____ day before yesterday
15. play _____ chess play _____ golf
16. _____ few _____ little
17. by _____ time go to ______ cinema
18. at ____ breakfast at ______homea///athea/aanananthethe//aathethe//
The End