2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-被动语态
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| 名称 | 2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-被动语态 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-08-08 06:54:00 | ||
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课件36张PPT。 Grammar The passive voicebe + doneThe passive voicedo/doesare/is doneam/is/
are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donebe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donePoint out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences:We planted many trees last year.We must close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O Many trees were planted (by us) last year.The windows and the door must be closed.Discussion A: How can we change a sentence into passive voice ?1. Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.3. If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.Discussion B: When do we use the passive voice?Many houses will be built here.1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.2. 强调动作的承受者。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。You are requested to attend the meeting.4. 出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。A. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:
1. All of us like her.
She is liked by all of us.
2. We are discussing the question.
The question is being discussed.
3. We have put off the meeting.
The meeting has been put off.
4. I will develop my picture next week.
My picture will be developed next week.
B. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.
English __________ (find) very useful.
3. The work ______________ (finish)
tomorrow.
4. The flowers _______________ (water) by them now.was given is foundwill be finished are being watered5. The railway ______________ (build) this time last year.
6. The new way ____ already _________ (build).
7. The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year.
8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.was being builthas been builthad been builtwould be held is grownHe often tells us interesting stories
We are often told interesting stories.
Interesting stories are often told to us.2. The government has given much food to the people in the poor area.The people in the poor area has been given much food.
Much food has been given to the people in the poor. 在give, lend, offer, send, tell和show等动词后，常带两个宾语，分别指人和物，变为被动语态时，常用指人的宾语做句子的主语，也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语，但需在人前加介词to1.I hear the girl sing English songs.
→ The girl is heard to sing English songs.
2. He let me go first.
→ I was let to go first. 使役动词和感官动词带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语保留原来的宾补，并还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to
the active voice → make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth
the passive voice→ sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth
1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
→My bike got stolen last night.
2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。
→The eggs have got broke.
3.工资已经付给了工人们。
→The workers have got paid.C. Translate the sentences using “get done”.
“Get” can also be used in the passive voice instead of “be”.
D. Translate the following sentences.
这件毛衣很好洗。
This sweater ______(wash) well.
2．你的文章好读。
Your article_______ (read) well.
3．这些花闻起来很香。
The flowers ________ (smell) sweet.
4. 这种布料易干.
This kind of cloth _______ (dry) easily. drieswashesreadssmelldries 1. I have many science books.
2. VR films belong to the latest wave of new technology.
3. He felt happy at the news. 表状态的动词如 fail, suit, contain, own, hold, fit, cost, lack, become, have, and feel等不能用于被动语态。下列主动语态不能变为被动语态:
⑴谓语为表状态的it：fail，suit，contain，own，hold，fit，cost，lack，become，have（有吃），feel等
I have a book。
⑵当cost，promise，wish等带双宾时
He promised me a bike.
⑶当宾语为同源宾语时
We are living a happy life。
⑷当宾语是不定式、动名词时
I hope to see you very soon。
1.据说他很快恢复了。
It is said that he will recover soon.
2.据报道下个月又一本书要出版。
It is reported that another book will be published next month.It+ passive verb+ that-clause
Subject+ passive verb+ to-infinitive
Special passive patterns It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.Li Ping is said to study abroad. It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad.Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.Li Ping is said to have studied abroad. Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad. It is said that Li Ping studied abroad. It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.It is said that …
It is reported that …
It is hoped that …
It is well known that …
It is believed that …
It must be pointed out that …More examples:Special passive patterns有些动词可用主动语态形式来表被动意义 1）.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won?t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2）.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.3）.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。
例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
4）. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词：begin、finish、start、open、close、stop、end、shut、run、move等。
The shop closes at 6.p.m.
Work began at 7 this morning.容易误用被动语态的几种情况
1. I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2. We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3. He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4. She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。被动语态考点分析 1. I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A.has completed B.completes
C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)
A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。 5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。 6. The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)
A.has broken into…has been stolen
B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen
D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。 7. I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)
A.be taden care
B.be taken care of
C.take care
D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。
8. If city noises______from increasing, people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)
A.are not kept…will have to
B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to
D.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played
C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement B.improve
C.improving D.improved
析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。) 故选C 11. I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.haven’t been
C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn?t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。 12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given
B.Was…given
C.Has…been given
D.Hasn?t…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。 13. We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。Bye-bye!
are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donebe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donePoint out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences:We planted many trees last year.We must close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O Many trees were planted (by us) last year.The windows and the door must be closed.Discussion A: How can we change a sentence into passive voice ?1. Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.3. If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.Discussion B: When do we use the passive voice?Many houses will be built here.1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.2. 强调动作的承受者。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。You are requested to attend the meeting.4. 出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。A. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:
1. All of us like her.
She is liked by all of us.
2. We are discussing the question.
The question is being discussed.
3. We have put off the meeting.
The meeting has been put off.
4. I will develop my picture next week.
My picture will be developed next week.
B. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.
English __________ (find) very useful.
3. The work ______________ (finish)
tomorrow.
4. The flowers _______________ (water) by them now.was given is foundwill be finished are being watered5. The railway ______________ (build) this time last year.
6. The new way ____ already _________ (build).
7. The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year.
8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.was being builthas been builthad been builtwould be held is grownHe often tells us interesting stories
We are often told interesting stories.
Interesting stories are often told to us.2. The government has given much food to the people in the poor area.The people in the poor area has been given much food.
Much food has been given to the people in the poor. 在give, lend, offer, send, tell和show等动词后，常带两个宾语，分别指人和物，变为被动语态时，常用指人的宾语做句子的主语，也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语，但需在人前加介词to1.I hear the girl sing English songs.
→ The girl is heard to sing English songs.
2. He let me go first.
→ I was let to go first. 使役动词和感官动词带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语保留原来的宾补，并还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to
the active voice → make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth
the passive voice→ sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth
1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
→My bike got stolen last night.
2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。
→The eggs have got broke.
3.工资已经付给了工人们。
→The workers have got paid.C. Translate the sentences using “get done”.
“Get” can also be used in the passive voice instead of “be”.
D. Translate the following sentences.
这件毛衣很好洗。
This sweater ______(wash) well.
2．你的文章好读。
Your article_______ (read) well.
3．这些花闻起来很香。
The flowers ________ (smell) sweet.
4. 这种布料易干.
This kind of cloth _______ (dry) easily. drieswashesreadssmelldries 1. I have many science books.
2. VR films belong to the latest wave of new technology.
3. He felt happy at the news. 表状态的动词如 fail, suit, contain, own, hold, fit, cost, lack, become, have, and feel等不能用于被动语态。下列主动语态不能变为被动语态:
⑴谓语为表状态的it：fail，suit，contain，own，hold，fit，cost，lack，become，have（有吃），feel等
I have a book。
⑵当cost，promise，wish等带双宾时
He promised me a bike.
⑶当宾语为同源宾语时
We are living a happy life。
⑷当宾语是不定式、动名词时
I hope to see you very soon。
1.据说他很快恢复了。
It is said that he will recover soon.
2.据报道下个月又一本书要出版。
It is reported that another book will be published next month.It+ passive verb+ that-clause
Subject+ passive verb+ to-infinitive
Special passive patterns It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.Li Ping is said to study abroad. It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad.Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.Li Ping is said to have studied abroad. Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad. It is said that Li Ping studied abroad. It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.It is said that …
It is reported that …
It is hoped that …
It is well known that …
It is believed that …
It must be pointed out that …More examples:Special passive patterns有些动词可用主动语态形式来表被动意义 1）.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won?t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2）.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.3）.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。
例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
4）. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词：begin、finish、start、open、close、stop、end、shut、run、move等。
The shop closes at 6.p.m.
Work began at 7 this morning.容易误用被动语态的几种情况
1. I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2. We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3. He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4. She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。被动语态考点分析 1. I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A.has completed B.completes
C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)
A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。 5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。 6. The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)
A.has broken into…has been stolen
B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen
D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。 7. I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)
A.be taden care
B.be taken care of
C.take care
D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。
8. If city noises______from increasing, people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)
A.are not kept…will have to
B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to
D.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played
C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement B.improve
C.improving D.improved
析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。) 故选C 11. I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.haven’t been
C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn?t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。 12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given
B.Was…given
C.Has…been given
D.Hasn?t…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。 13. We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。Bye-bye!