2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-情态动词

课件57张PPT。情态动词情态动词的类型
1、只作情态动词的有：must, can(could), may(might), ought to;
2、可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need, dare(美语中常用作实义动词）；
3、可作情态动词也可作助动词的有: shall(should), will(would);
4、具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have(had) to, used to.情态动词的特征
1、有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们要和行为动词或连系动词连用，构成谓语。
2、适用于主语的各种人称和数have to例外，主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to）。如：
We/ He must work hard. 我们/他一定要努力工作。
I have to walk home. 我得步行回家。
He has to walk home. 他得步行回家。3、后面接原形动词，即不带to的不定式（ought to, have to, used to本身带有to）。如：
He may lose his way. 他可能会迷路。
You ought to obey the law. 你应该遵守法律。
4、具有助动词的作用，即可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。如：
---- I can’t swim. Can you swim?
----- No, I can’t either.
-----我不会游泳。你会游泳吗？ ------ 我也不会。
[题组训练] 句子改错：
1）You ought to follow the teacher’s instructions, oughtn’t you to ?
(去掉最后一个 to)
2）You needn’t to go there right away.
(去掉to)
3) He dares go there by himself at night.
(dares to go)
4) How dare you to say that to your parents?
(去掉第一个 to)
5) The building dating from 1916 need to be repaired.
(needs to be)
表能力
1、表示现在的或一般的能力：
表示现在的或一般的能力用can或be able to，一般的能力即你无论什么时候想做就能做到的能力。 表示现在的或一般的能力时，can比able to 更普遍。如：
A computer can’t think for itself; it must be told what to do.（一般能力）
He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well.（一般能力）
I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.（现在的能力）练习：
The biggest problem for most plants, which _____ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.(07湖南)
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
答案： B，句意为：对绝大多数受到威胁时而不能起身逃跑的植物来说，最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。情态动词can 可以表示人的能力和物的性能，故选B表示对能力的否定。2、表示将来的能力：will be able to
如： If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work our this problem.
如果你睡个好觉，那么你就能做出这个题目。
3、表示过去的能力：
could表示过去一般的能力， 但不表示做或未做某事；
was/ were able to表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事， 相当于managed to do something/ succeeded in doing something；
“could have +过去分词”表示过去有能力但未做。 如：
She could / was able to sing like an angel when she was a child.（过去一般的能力）
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.（过去有能力并且成功地做了某事）
I could have worked out the problem, but I didn’t.（过去有能力但未做）
[题组训练] 根据句意填入情态动词的正确形式：
尽管很累了，那些冬泳者还是游过了那条河。
Tired as they were, the winter swimmers ________ swim across the river.
( were able to )
老师跟我谈了很久，我终于被他说服了。
The teacher talked with me for a long time, and eventually, he ________ make me believe him.
(was able to)表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测 must/should 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could ~ + V ~ + V ~ + have done/
常见must be must be doing have been doing ~ + V. ~ + V. ~ + have done
+ be doing /have been doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
~ +V. ~ + V . ~ + have done
+ be doing / have been doing~ + V. ~ + V. ~ + have done
+ be doingP.S: 1.在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn`t he? （现在）他准时个工人，是吗？
You must have learned English for many years, haven`t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？比较：
It must have rained last night, didn`t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadn’t he?2. can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.（表客观的可能性）
Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn’t sure yet.(实际可能性不用can)can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表疑惑、惊讶或不可能等意思，could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
This can’t / couldn’t be done by him. 这不可能是他干的 (表不可能、不相信)
Can this be done by him? (表疑惑、惊讶)
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (表疑惑、惊讶) 1. I don't know where she is, she _______ be in
Wuhan.
2. At this moment, our teacher ________________
our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3. The road is wet. It ________________ last night.
(rain)
4. Your mother ______________________ for you.
　你妈妈一定一直在找你。
maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip ________________________ seriously in
the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.
6. ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is
still here.
　---She _____________________ (go) by bus.
7. Mike ________________ his car, for he came to
work by bus this morning.
　迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐
公共汽车来上班的。
may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecan’t have found1 --- Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is ?
--- She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. （2009 重庆）
A. shall be B.should have been
C. must be D. might have been
2 --- What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There ___ be twelve. （2009全国）
A. should B. would C. will D. shall
3 The traffice is heavy these days. I _____ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? （2009辽宁） A. can B. must C. need D.might
4．（2009上海）It _____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may B. can C. must D.should
5．（2009安徽）Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ____ just be quiet people.
A. must B. may C. should D. would
6、(2008湖南)You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
7、(2008 福建) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D.would
8．（2009北京）One of the few things you _____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should D. can根据句意，选用can,may, 和must填空。1. Anybody ____ make mistakes.
2. Mr. Read looks pale. He ____ be ill.
3. Mr. Read is in poor health. He _____ be ill at any time.
4.----- Look, someone is coming. Who______ it be?
----- It ______ be the headmaster.
----- It ______ be him. He has gone to Shanghai. ----- It _______ be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the headmaster. (can) may
(can)
(can)
(may)
(can’t)
(must)
表示请求、允许、允诺
1. 当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I， We），或代表第三者（he,she,they）向对方（you）请示或提出建议时用：
Shall / May (Might) / Can (Could) I / we....?
Shall he / she / they...?
Would / Will you...?
Shall we begin our class? 我们开始上课吗？
Shall the driver wait outside? 司机将在外面等吗？
When shall my father be able to leave hospital? 我父亲什么时候能出院？
Would you do me a favor? 你能帮我一个忙吗？2. could / might / would 表委婉的功能。如：
--- Could / Might I use your bike tomorrow morning?
--- Yes, you can /may.
(否定: No, I’m afraid not)
不可说：Yes, you could / might. 回答允许时，用could / might 表委婉是不恰当的。3. 当你自己（I）是决策者，给对方（you）或第三者（he，she，they）以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时，要用shall。此外，当颁布法律、规定时，也要用shall。如：
You shall leave the room at once, and he also shall.( =I order you and him to leave the room at once.) 你马上给我滚出去！他也一样。（说话者的意志）
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.在所有试卷收上来之前， 应试者必须留在座位上。（规则或规定） 4．will 可表示意愿、习惯或倾向（否定句中表示不肯、不能）、在疑问句中表示请求和建议.
I will try.
She will sit there for hours, waiting for her son to come back.
Will you please explain the sentence once more?[题组训练] 根据对话内容，选用 can, may, will的正确形式填空。
1---- Could you lend me your book?
---- Certainly, I ____.
(can)
2---- Might I ask you a question?
---- Surely, you ____.
(may)
3 ---- _____ you do me a favor?
---- Of course, I will.
(Would)4 ---- Don’t forget to bring some money on you.
---- OK, I ____.
( won’t)
5---- Excuse me, but would you like to do it for me?
---- Yes, I ____.
A. would B.will C. would like to D.will do

6) “The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
may B. should C. must D. shall
7）． He ______ be punished if he disobeys.
(shall）
如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚.
8. We are not going to quarrel at all if you ____only let me speak.
(will)
只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架.
9. --Sir, ____ he go or stay?
--Let him go.
A. will B. shall C. might D. could10. The door _______ open. 这门经常打不开.
(won’t)
11. Ronald ______ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past.
A. could B. might
C. should D. would
You _____ have the book after I read it.
(shall)
我看完以后一定把这本书给你. 表示必要性（责任 /义务）
1.must 表示义务, 意为“必须”（主观意志）,表现在和将来必须做某事用“must+动词原形”，表现在或将来不必做某事用“don’t have todo或don’t need todo或needn’t do sth”， 例如：
① We must do everything step by step. ? 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
② --Must we hand in our exercise books now?我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. ? 不必。
needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.. must和 have to must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking. ?我叫她必须戒烟。
We had to get everything ready that night. ?我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。“
注：must 还可表示“偏要、硬要”，如：
---- How old are you, madam?
---- If you must know, I’m twice my son’s age. 2. should
1) 表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。例如：
① You should be polite to your teachers. ? 你对老师应该有礼貌。
② You shouldn’t waste any time. ? 你不应该浪费时间。
.3、ought to
1) 表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。例如：
① You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。
② You oughtn’t to smoke so much. ? 你不应该抽这么多烟。ought to / should have done和
ought not to / shouldn’t have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：
① With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
② You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.五．表示“宁愿做某事”时，可使用下面这些句式：

would rather do sth.
would rather do sth. than do sth.
would do sth. rather than do sth.
would rather sb. did sth
prefer to do sth
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth
prefer doing sth . to doing sth
高考中对这类用法的考查主要侧重结构，因些要熟记其结构。题组练习： 根据括号内的中文提示，选用最佳的情态动词填空：1．We _________（必须）report the matter to the boss immediately.
2．We __________（有必要）to report the matter to the boss immediately.
3． I got up early, but I __________（没必要）have done so, because I had nothing to do that morning.
4． It is raining so hard. I _________（宁愿）stay at home.
5． If you_______（非要）smoke here, do it outside, please. (must)(need)(needn’t)(would rather)
(must)6. I can’t leave. She told me that I ____ stay here until she comes back. (09全国)
A. can B. must C. will D. may
7．The doctor recommended that you _____ swim after eating a large meal. (09浙江)
A.wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
8---- I don’t care what people think.
---- Well, you ____. （09 四川）
A. need B. would C. should D. might9 ----- I’m sorry. I ____ at you the other day.
------ Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. （08江苏）
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
10--- It’s the office! So you ____ know eating is not allowed here.
--- Oh, sorry. （2009湖南）
A. must B. will C. may D. need
11--- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
---- She ____. I ‘ve already borrowed one.
（05湖南）
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t12 ---- Could i have a word with you, Mum?
---- Oh dear, if you _____. （06浙江）
A. can B. must C.may D. should
13 Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. （06湖南）
A. can; have to B. may; can
C. have to; may D. ought to; must 情态动词+have+done”
表“本来…” 使用情形分析1、should have done过去本来应该
（而实际上并没有…)
should not have done 本不应该 …而实际上却已经…”
如：We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）
2、could have done
它表示"过去本来能够…" 实际上没能做…。如
I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds.
我本来能用12秒钟完100米的.（实际上没能）
If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted.
如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）
3、need not have done
它表示过去已做的事，事实上没有必要。如，
I need not have got up so early .
我本来不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）
I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。
（事实上已经等了一个小时）
问题:
would have done
在什么情况下使用呢?四、would have done 用在虚拟语气中
表示与过去事实相反之假设的结果，常与if 的条件句连用。
I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我当时知道你们的窘境，我就会帮助你了（而实际上没有帮助你）
If it hadn‘t rained yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk .假如昨天没下雨，我们就去散步了。（实际上没有去）。5． had better have done用于事后的建议，含有轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式 表达相反的含义。
You had better have started earlier.
You had better not have scolded her.
6． would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做某事”，其否定式 would rather not have done 表达相反含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。
I would rather have taken his advice.
I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.Practice1.Mr White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t turn up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving2. If he had been here yesterday, he ______ this pop star.
A. would meet
B. would have met
C. met
D. must have met3.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I____ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall4. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
5. This printer is of good quality. If it _____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.(09天津)
A. would B. should C. could D. might
此处should（表示不确定）万一， 用于虚拟语气。相当于were　to　例如：
① If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。
② If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。"
6．Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.（08山东）
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
7． He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.（05山东）
A. could B. would C. must D. need可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.无人称和数的变化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly, never,
no one, nobody连用; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
I daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢请求她加薪.
How did you dare to tell her that?
I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.
I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress.
Do you need any help?
I wonder whether he need send it immediately.
I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.
The garden doesn’t need watering at the moment.
You needn’t finish that work today.判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.you mustyou needn’tyou don’t have to情态动词的其它用法要点
１、cannot but + do sth = cannot choose / help but do sth表示“不得不，只好”。如： I cannot but wait. = I cannot choose but wait. = I cannot help but wait. 　　　　　　　　　 我只有等。2、may well和 may as well结构
may well+ 动词原形, 是一种常用结构， 意为“完全能，很可能”， 相当于to be very likely to, 如
He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子感到自豪。
Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.
她的模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。
may as well + 动词原形, 意为 “最好，满可以，倒不如”相当于had better 或to have no strong reason not to, 如：
You may as well do it at once. 你最好马上做这事。
We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。3、cannot（或never 等否定词）与enough 连用表示“再、、、也不为过”
4 、may可用祈使句，表示祝愿。如
May we never forget each other.
May you return in safety.
5、Why / How +should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”
Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？
How should I know? 我怎么会知道？（意为：我不知道）6．--- May I use your car?
--- No, you mustn’t. Sorry, but I’m using it now. You’d better not.
---- Must I work out the problem tonight?
---- No, you needn’t.
Good-bye!