2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-形容词副词
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| 名称 | 2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-形容词副词 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-08-08 07:18:00 | ||
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课件24张PPT。 形容词 副词 形容词
概念：Adjective: a word that describes a person or thing, for example, big, red and clever
形容词用来描述人或物的一类词。 如，big, red and clever
下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事” 而不是“人”：(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable, (in)convenient等。如：
It is probable that it will rain today.
It is necessary for us to meet.
It is convenient to work at the weekend. √√√√5.作状语：表示伴随状况、原因、结果等
1.He went to bed, cold and hungry.
2.Tired and hungry, he couldn’t walk any further.
3.He returned home, safe and sound.
练习: After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _______.(2008 北京)
hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tiredB
形容词作定语的位置
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词 (these, those, the, a(n))+ 数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。
口诀: 限定描述大长高, 形状年龄与新老,
颜色国籍出材料, 用途类别往后靠 最近的这些日子
all these last few days
一些美丽的小红花
some beautiful little red flowers
一堵高高的红砖墙
a high red brick wall
一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车
a beautiful white Chinese military jeep( these , days , last , few , all ) ( beautiful, red, little, flowers, some )( high, a, wall, brick, red )(white, a, beautiful, Chinese, jeep, military)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。B问题1
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁）
A．large German white B. large white German
C．white large German D. German large white
由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，A最符合答案。根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择AAA问题2: This _______ girl is Lind’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
问题3：One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1. 当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如: something, anything, nothing时。如：
--Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? --No, nothing new.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：
The man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well(healthy), sorry, unable, sure等。
如: The boy was still asleep. The old man was alone in the house.
注: ①上述形容词可以作补语。如：
We found the snake still alive.
但afraid, alive, alone, awake等可以用作后置定语.
如：He is the greatest poet alive.
He came out like a man afraid.
Tom was the only boy awake at that time.
The people, the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.**以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。非常孤单的
very much alone
熟睡的
Fast/sound asleep
十分清醒的
wide awake
很害怕的
very much afraid
非常害羞的
greatly ashamed 但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：the fast asleep boy
a somewhat afraid soldier
the wide awake soldiers英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同， 常见的有：
present（现在的/在场的），
responsible（可依赖的/应负责的），
concerned（忧心忡忡的/有关的）；
proper (适当的/正经的，正式的），
involved（复杂难懂的/相关的），
absent（心不在焉的/缺席的） 可依赖的人:
应负责的人:
现在的成员:
在场的成员:
心不在焉的学生:
缺席的学生:
忧心忡忡的老师们：
（与、、、事情）有关的老师们:the responsible man the man responsible the present members the members presentthe absent students the students absent the concerned teachers the teachers concerned 副词
概念：
Adverb: a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase ，another adverb or a whole sentence.
(副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、短语、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、方式、原因或程度等概念)√╳√√ 时间副词: now, then, today,
地点副词: outside, upstairs, anywhere, up,
方式副词: simply, quickly, happily, loudly,
程度副词: very, quite, rather, extremely,
频度副词：always, often, usually, seldom,
疑问副词: when, where, why, how
关系副词: when, where, why (引导定语从句)
连接副词: when, where, why,
how (引导名词性从句和副词性从句)
其他: surely, certainly, really, however, perhaps, yes, no五、两种形式的副词close接近(指距离) — closely 仔细地、密切地
free免费 — freely 自由地、自如地
deep 深 — deeply 深刻地、深入地
hard 努力地 — hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔 — widely 广泛地
high 高 — highly 高度地
late 晚、迟 — lately 近来
near 邻近 — nearly 几乎
most 最 — mostly 主要地、绝大多数地
easy 从容地 — easily 容易地 说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。
如：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm, deep, wide, high, late等。
六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，
作评述性状语。如：
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. 程度副词fairly/ rather/quite/pretty/very/much 的使用总结
1.fairly 修饰表示褒义的形容词或副词原级
He is fairly honest.
2.rather用以修饰一些形容词(常表示贬义)、副词的原级、比较级；rather还可以跟too连用
The book is rather too expensive.
3.quite 修饰v, 和a, ad原级，比较级和最高级
I quite agree with you. You’re quite right.
4.much 修饰v, 和a, ad的比较级、最高级
I feel much better now.
5.pretty/very 修饰a, ad，不修饰动词
It’s pretty/very good. I very like it. (X)
I much like it. (√) I quite like it.( √) enough作副词的用法
1)用来修饰形、副词时，放在所修饰词的后面 old enough
Strangely enough, some scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
2)与 cannot/ can never连用，表示“再、、、也不过份”
I cannot thank you too much. = enough
You can never be careful enough in the street. (too careful)1． 用as…as…, not…as/ so…as…, the same as… such… as…引导。
亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。
Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).
= Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is).
= Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is).
亨利的书不如我的多。
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
他和他父亲有同样的名字。
His name is the same as his father’s (name).
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
It is generally believed that teaching is
as much an art as it is a science.一、平级比较
2．as+ 形容词+as 数量词=数量词+形容词。如：
The building is as tall as 100 meters.
= The building is 100 meters tall.3．倍数的表达法：
1) 倍数+比较级+than
This room is 3 times bigger than that one.
2) 倍数+ as + adj. 原级+as
This room is 4 times as big as that one.
3) the +n. + of n. 为: length, size, weight, width, height, age, number 等
This room is 4 times the size of that one.4． 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语
只要，有、、、之久: as long as
到、、、地点，就、、、而言: as far as
一、、、就、、、: as soon as
既、、、又 as well as
与、、、几乎一样，几乎，简直:
as good as (=very nearly) I will work as(so) long as I live.
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.1) 他既有知识又有经验。
He has experience as well as knowledge.
2) 他就差说我是懦夫了。
He as good as called me a coward.
3) 她这人很讲信用。
She is as good as her word.
4) 他把她送到了村边的小桥那里。
He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village.
Thank you!
概念：Adjective: a word that describes a person or thing, for example, big, red and clever
形容词用来描述人或物的一类词。 如，big, red and clever
下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事” 而不是“人”：(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable, (in)convenient等。如：
It is probable that it will rain today.
It is necessary for us to meet.
It is convenient to work at the weekend. √√√√5.作状语：表示伴随状况、原因、结果等
1.He went to bed, cold and hungry.
2.Tired and hungry, he couldn’t walk any further.
3.He returned home, safe and sound.
练习: After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _______.(2008 北京)
hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tiredB
形容词作定语的位置
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词 (these, those, the, a(n))+ 数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。
口诀: 限定描述大长高, 形状年龄与新老,
颜色国籍出材料, 用途类别往后靠 最近的这些日子
all these last few days
一些美丽的小红花
some beautiful little red flowers
一堵高高的红砖墙
a high red brick wall
一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车
a beautiful white Chinese military jeep( these , days , last , few , all ) ( beautiful, red, little, flowers, some )( high, a, wall, brick, red )(white, a, beautiful, Chinese, jeep, military)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。B问题1
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁）
A．large German white B. large white German
C．white large German D. German large white
由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，A最符合答案。根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择AAA问题2: This _______ girl is Lind’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
问题3：One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1. 当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如: something, anything, nothing时。如：
--Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? --No, nothing new.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：
The man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well(healthy), sorry, unable, sure等。
如: The boy was still asleep. The old man was alone in the house.
注: ①上述形容词可以作补语。如：
We found the snake still alive.
但afraid, alive, alone, awake等可以用作后置定语.
如：He is the greatest poet alive.
He came out like a man afraid.
Tom was the only boy awake at that time.
The people, the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.**以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。非常孤单的
very much alone
熟睡的
Fast/sound asleep
十分清醒的
wide awake
很害怕的
very much afraid
非常害羞的
greatly ashamed 但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：the fast asleep boy
a somewhat afraid soldier
the wide awake soldiers英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同， 常见的有：
present（现在的/在场的），
responsible（可依赖的/应负责的），
concerned（忧心忡忡的/有关的）；
proper (适当的/正经的，正式的），
involved（复杂难懂的/相关的），
absent（心不在焉的/缺席的） 可依赖的人:
应负责的人:
现在的成员:
在场的成员:
心不在焉的学生:
缺席的学生:
忧心忡忡的老师们：
（与、、、事情）有关的老师们:the responsible man the man responsible the present members the members presentthe absent students the students absent the concerned teachers the teachers concerned 副词
概念：
Adverb: a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase ，another adverb or a whole sentence.
(副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、短语、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、方式、原因或程度等概念)√╳√√ 时间副词: now, then, today,
地点副词: outside, upstairs, anywhere, up,
方式副词: simply, quickly, happily, loudly,
程度副词: very, quite, rather, extremely,
频度副词：always, often, usually, seldom,
疑问副词: when, where, why, how
关系副词: when, where, why (引导定语从句)
连接副词: when, where, why,
how (引导名词性从句和副词性从句)
其他: surely, certainly, really, however, perhaps, yes, no五、两种形式的副词close接近(指距离) — closely 仔细地、密切地
free免费 — freely 自由地、自如地
deep 深 — deeply 深刻地、深入地
hard 努力地 — hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔 — widely 广泛地
high 高 — highly 高度地
late 晚、迟 — lately 近来
near 邻近 — nearly 几乎
most 最 — mostly 主要地、绝大多数地
easy 从容地 — easily 容易地 说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。
如：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm, deep, wide, high, late等。
六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，
作评述性状语。如：
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. 程度副词fairly/ rather/quite/pretty/very/much 的使用总结
1.fairly 修饰表示褒义的形容词或副词原级
He is fairly honest.
2.rather用以修饰一些形容词(常表示贬义)、副词的原级、比较级；rather还可以跟too连用
The book is rather too expensive.
3.quite 修饰v, 和a, ad原级，比较级和最高级
I quite agree with you. You’re quite right.
4.much 修饰v, 和a, ad的比较级、最高级
I feel much better now.
5.pretty/very 修饰a, ad，不修饰动词
It’s pretty/very good. I very like it. (X)
I much like it. (√) I quite like it.( √) enough作副词的用法
1)用来修饰形、副词时，放在所修饰词的后面 old enough
Strangely enough, some scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
2)与 cannot/ can never连用，表示“再、、、也不过份”
I cannot thank you too much. = enough
You can never be careful enough in the street. (too careful)1． 用as…as…, not…as/ so…as…, the same as… such… as…引导。
亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。
Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).
= Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is).
= Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is).
亨利的书不如我的多。
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
他和他父亲有同样的名字。
His name is the same as his father’s (name).
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
It is generally believed that teaching is
as much an art as it is a science.一、平级比较
2．as+ 形容词+as 数量词=数量词+形容词。如：
The building is as tall as 100 meters.
= The building is 100 meters tall.3．倍数的表达法：
1) 倍数+比较级+than
This room is 3 times bigger than that one.
2) 倍数+ as + adj. 原级+as
This room is 4 times as big as that one.
3) the +n. + of n. 为: length, size, weight, width, height, age, number 等
This room is 4 times the size of that one.4． 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语
只要，有、、、之久: as long as
到、、、地点，就、、、而言: as far as
一、、、就、、、: as soon as
既、、、又 as well as
与、、、几乎一样，几乎，简直:
as good as (=very nearly) I will work as(so) long as I live.
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.1) 他既有知识又有经验。
He has experience as well as knowledge.
2) 他就差说我是懦夫了。
He as good as called me a coward.
3) 她这人很讲信用。
She is as good as her word.
4) 他把她送到了村边的小桥那里。
He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village.
Thank you!