高考英语语法讲练—冠 词
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高考英语语法讲练—冠 词
基础知识解析
一、冠词的分类：冠词是一种虚词，没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。冠词分为定冠词the（辅音前面读[T[]，元音前读[Ti]）、不定冠词a/an，辅音前用a，元音前用an。（注：“辅音、元音”指读音不指字母）
用法种类 特指 泛指
表“类别” 表“一个（些）”
可数名词单数 the book a book a book
可数名词复数 the books books some （any） books
不可数名词 the water water some （any） water
二、不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a/an，一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。具体用法如下：
1、用于单数普通名词前表示“某一个（类）人”或“事物”。如：
An ear is an organ for listening. 耳朵是听觉器官。
A fox is a cunning animal. 狐狸是狡猾的动物。
This poem was written by a peasant. 这首诗是由一位农民写的。
2、用于第一次提到的非特指的的人或物。如：
He is a doctor. 他是一位医生。
He is studying in a university. 他正在一所大学里学习。
3、用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一（个）”的意思，=every。如：
John goes shopping twice a week. 约翰每星期去买两次东西。
The train is running sixty miles an hour. 火车正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。
4、用于说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小，= the same。如：
They are nearly of an age. 他们差不多同年。
The two shirts are of a size. 两件衬衣尺寸相同。
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
5、与what或such连用，表示“感叹”，注意a /an的位置。如：
What a fine day!多好的天气！
He is such a man!他竟是那种人！
What a beautiful girl / How beautiful a girl! /Such a beautiful girl /So beautiful a girl!多么漂亮的一位姑娘！
〖注〗half an hour/a half hour半小时
6、与quite和many连用，表示“许多”。如：
quite a few days=many days; many a day=many days。
7、姓名前有a /an来修饰，表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于“a certain”，也可指与某人有类似性质的人或事物；地名前用a / an，指某时期或某个样子的某地。如：
A Mr Chen came to see you this morning. 一位陈先生今天上午来看你。
Our music teacher is a Miss White. 我们的音乐老师是一位姓怀特的小姐。
He wishes to become a Newton. 他希望成为像牛顿那样的人。
He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班的雷锋。
She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago. 现在的中国和20年前的中国大不一样。
8、用于固定词组中。如：a few有几个；a little有一点；a long time很长时间；all of a sudden突然；an hour or two一两个小时；as a matter of fact实际上；as a result结果；have a bath /look /rest /smoke /test /try /walk洗个澡、看一看、休息一下、抽支烟、测试一下、试一试、散散步；in a hurry匆忙地；in a word总之、一句话；keep an eye on监视；make a living谋生；make a promise许诺；many a time很多次；once upon a time很久以前；teach sb. a lesson教训某人；turn a deaf ear to不愿听
三、定冠词的用法：定冠词the有this，that，these，those等意义，用于单数或复数名词前。主要用来特指，也就是使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。具体用法如下：
1、用于可数名词单数前代表一类人或物。如：
The rose is my favourite flower. 玫瑰是我最喜爱的花。
The horse is a useful animal. =A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
2、表示特定的或上文已提到的人或物。如：
He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk. 昨天他买了一本书，书在桌子上。
John bought a TV and a radio，but there was something wrong with the TV. 约翰买了一台电视和一台收音机，但电视有点问题。
He went to the station to meet his parents this morning. 他今早去火车站接他父母去了。
Pass me the book，please. 请把书递给我。
This is the place where I once lived. 这是我曾经住过的地方。
The plane to Shanghai has taken off. 到上海的飞机已经起飞了。
3、表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：the sun太阳；the moon月亮；the world世界；the sky天空；the earth地球
4、用在序数词、形容词最高级以及特定比较的比较级前。如：the first unit第一单元; the largest room最大的房间；
He is the taller of the two children in his family. 他是家中两个孩子中大的那个。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年最冷的季节。
I am the last to come. 我是最后一个来的。
5、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派、报纸、杂志、大建筑物、朝代等专有名词前。如：the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国；the United Nations联合国；the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党；the China Daily《中国日报》；the Times《泰晤士报》；the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂；the Great Wall长城；the Qing Dynasty清朝
6、用在某些地理名词（江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛等）前。如：the Changjiang River长江；the Yellow Sea黄海；the West Lake西湖；the Indian Ocean印度洋；the Urals乌拉尔山脉；the Xisha Islands西沙群岛
7、用在某些形容词前代表一类人（谓语用复数）。如：the poor穷人；the young青年人；the old老年人；the wounded伤员；the blind盲人；the oppressed受压迫者
8、姓的复数前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. 刘家搬到广州市去了。
The Greens are at table. 格林一家正在吃饭。
9、演奏乐器名称前常加the。如：play the piano / violin / guitar / flute / drum / horn演奏钢琴/小提琴/吉它/笛子/鼓/小号
10、接逢十的复数数词，指世纪的某个年代。如：
In the 1870’s，when Marx was already in his fifties，he began to learn Russian. 十九世纪七十年代，当马克思五十多岁时，他开始学习俄语。
11、用在发明物的单数名词前。如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大·哥拉哈姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
12、当介词宾语与句中宾语或被动句中的主语指同一个人时，名词前用定冠词，注意介词的用法：
feel/touch /put /hit + sb. + on the + head /shoulder /nose；
strike /hit /look /gaze /stare + sb. + in the + face /chest /side；
take /pull /shake /catch /seize + sb. + by the + hand /arm；
He is blind in the right eye and lame in the left leg. 他右眼瞎了，左腿瘸了。
13、方位名词前：on the left/right在左/右边；in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北边
14、以-sh、-ch、-ese结尾的国家或民族的形容词前加the，泛指这个国家或民族的全体人员：the Welsh威尔士人；the English英国人；the French法国人the Chinese中国人；the Japanese日本人
15、用在表示单位的名词前。如：
I have hired the car by the hour. 我已按小时租车。
Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打卖。
by the day/month按日/月；by the yard/foot按码/英尺；
特例：by weight按重量
16、有些固定搭配中必须用冠词。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening在早、中、晚；on the other hand另一方面；in the end终于；in the daytime/summertime在白天/夏日；to tell the truth说实话；on the contrary相反；in the middle of在……中部；go to the cinema去看电影；at the beginning of在……之初；in the distance在远处；on the whole整个地；by the way顺便说一句；in the countryside在乡下；all the year around整整一年
四、不用冠词的情况：
1、称呼语，独一无二的职位、衔级名词作同位语和补足语前不用冠词。如：
Mr Smith was elected Chairman. 史密斯先生被选为主席。
Aunt Mary玛丽姨妈；Professor Zhang张教授
2、as引导的让步状语从句中，名词用在句首时不用冠词。如：
Child as he is，he can finish it. 虽然他是个孩子，他可以完成这件工作。
3、连系动词go，turn后的名词作表语时不用冠词。如：
Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country. 什么事情都不会使我背叛我的祖国。
4、复数名词前不用the，泛指一类人或事物的全体。如：
Cows live on grass. 牛以草为食。
They are teachers，not students. 他们是老师，不是学生。
People in the south like rice. 南方人喜欢吃米饭。
5、单个专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词表示泛指时不用冠词。如：
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
China is a large country. 中国是一个大国。
Knowledge begins with practice. 知识来源于实践。
Rice and tea are grown in the south of China. 水稻和茶叶产于中国南方。
In Lushan，Mr President was so struck by the beauty of nature that he stayed for a third day. 在庐山，总统被漂亮的自然景观迷住了，所以他又多呆了一天。
〖注〗抽象名词或物质名词被限定时，要用定冠词the。如：
The milk in the bottle has gone bad. 瓶子里的牛奶变味了。
6、当名词被指示代词this、that、these、those；物主代词my、his等；不定代词some、any、no、every；以及名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Wang Ping’s mother is a doctor. 王平的妈妈是位医生。
Every student must obey the rule. 每位学生必须遵守规章制度。
7、许多词组不用冠词：after school放学后；at home/ at night /midnight /daybreak /noon /dawn在家/在晚上/在午夜/在天亮时/在中午/在黎明时；by hand/ by mistake用手/错误地；catch fire着火；day and night日日夜夜；pen and ink钢笔和墨水；day by day一天天；face to face面对面；sun and moon 太阳和月亮；from door to door逐门逐户；from morning till night从早到晚；from side to side从这边到那边；from time to time不时地；go to bed/town /church /hospital /school上床/去镇上/去教堂/去医院/上学；hand in hand手拉手；husband and wife夫妇；father and son父子；in bed/class/fact/danger/space在床上/在班上/事实上/处于危险之中/在太空中；in(out of) sight（超出）视线所及；in (on) time及时/准时；keep in mind记住；learn by heart记住；on earth究竟；on foot步行；play truant逃学；put sb. into prison将某人关进监狱；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地；sooner or later迟早；step by step秩序渐进；side by side并排地
8、下列情况一般不用定冠词，但有时有例外：
（1）一日三餐、节假日、运动、娱乐; 游戏、季节、月份、日子、学科、疾病、颜色、感官名称前不用冠词。如：
Did you have breakfast 你吃早饭了吗？
Economics is different from politics. 经济学不同于政治学。
Granny died of cancer two years ago. 奶奶两年前死于癌症。
He likes football. 他喜欢足球。
Do you play chess/bridge/cards 你下棋/玩桥牌/打牌吗？
Smell is one of the five senses. 嗅觉是人的五种感觉之一。
White is a beautiful colour. 白色是美丽的颜色。
〖注〗①被限制性定语修饰时，可加定冠词；被描述性定语修饰时，可用不定冠词。如：in the May of 2003在2003年的五月；a cold winter一个寒冷的冬天；
②the Spring (Mid-Autumn) Festival（春节、中秋节） 加冠词，其余节日前一般不加定冠词。餐名不用冠词，但具体指某顿饭时要用the，表示类别时要用a。如：
The breakfast I ordered still hasn’t arrived.我要的早餐还没有送来。
That was a very nice /good /hearty supper.那是一顿非常好的晚餐。
（2）play（玩）后面接球类、棋类等娱乐活动名词时，一般不加冠词。如：play chess/football下棋/踢足球。但接乐器须加the。如：play the violin/piano拉小提琴/弹钢琴
（3）国名前一般不加冠词。如in Australia。但以短语组成的国名及以-s结尾的国名前必须加the。如：the U. S. A. 美国；the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国；the Netherlands荷兰（用作单或复数均可，等于Holland）
（4）疾病名词前一般不用冠词，但在一些固定用法中常加a/an。如：an ache in…；a pain in…；have a cold/headache/fever/cough/cut/wound
（5）泛指乘坐交通工具时，交通工具前不用冠词：by train/plane/boat/bike/ bus/taxi乘火车/飞机/船/自行车/公共汽车/出租车；特指某一具体交通工具时，须加冠词，但介词可能发生变化：in a space ship乘宇宙飞船；by the 8:30 train乘八点半的火车
（6）be late for接抽象名词时不加冠词，但接具体名词时须加：be late for school/work/ class/lunch上学/上班/上课/午餐迟到；be late for the train/the bus/the film赶火车/乘公汽/看电影迟到
（7）注意电影、电视、戏剧、广播前冠词的用法：watch TV看电视；see a film看电影；listen to the radio听收音机；go to the cinema /theatre /pictures /movies去看电影
（8）基数词与序数词前定冠词的用法：Lesson Five=the fifth lesson第五课；Class Three=the third class三班；World War II=the Second World War第二次世界大战；Speak English=Speak the English language讲英语；Part One=the first part第一部分
（9）“患感冒”等词组中的a是否省略：take/catch/get (a) cold；have a cold；take/get a (bad/heavy) cold
（10）What's the matter with……=What's wrong with…… ……怎么啦？
五、相同词语中使用冠词与不使用冠词的差别：
1、不用冠词时，表示一种抽象概念；用冠词时，指具体事物。如：go to (the) sea当水手/到海边去；in (the) hospital在住院/在某医院；go to (the) school/bed/camp/church/college/university/ hospital/town/market上学、上床、去野营、上教堂、上大学、上医院（就医）、去镇上、去市场/到那所学校去、向那张床走去、向那个营地走去、向那个教堂走去、向那所大学走去、向那所医院走去、向镇上走去、向市场走去；at (the) table在进餐/在桌子旁；by (the) sea乘船/在海边；on (the) earth世界上、到底/在地球上；in (the) office 执政/在办公室；in (the) class 在上课/在班上；in (the) store储存/在仓库里；at/in (the) school在校求学/在学校
2、用与不用冠词，意义差别较大。如：be of (an) age成年/同年龄；on (the) fire着火/（美俚）在考虑中；on (the) watch在值班/留神看；out of (the) question没问题/不可能；take (the) advice征求他人意见/听人劝告；take place/take the place of发生/代替；in (the) course of在…过程中/在…时间内；in (the) place of代替/在…地方；in (the) front of在…前面/在…前部；in (the) secret秘密地/知道内情；in (the) open公开/在户外； (the) next year明年/翌年；by (the) day在白天/按日计算；with (a) child怀孕/带着孩子；(the) people人们/人民；(the) public公众的/公众；in word口头上/in a word总而言之；three of us我们中间三人/the three of us我们三人（共三人）
3、特例：a most interesting thing非常有趣的事；the most interesting thing最有趣的事；for a moment/for a while片刻；for the moment暂时；have a word with sb. 跟某人说几句话；have words with sb. 跟某人吵嘴；the Greens格林夫妇；a certain Mr Green 一位叫格林先生的人
What's the population of Japan 日本有多少人口
China has a population of 1，200 million. 中国有12亿人口。
This is the third time you have come late.这是你第三次迟到。
Try a third time，and you'll succeed.再试一次，你会成功的。
五、表示整个类属：多以加定冠词的办法，如果用一个人或东西能说明整个类属的特点，可以用加不定冠词的办法来表示，有时也可以用名词的复数形式。如：
A horse/The horse is a useful animal. /Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。
〖注〗①如果不是说每个人（东西）的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能以加不定冠词的办法来表示。如：
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。(不能说A tiger is …)
②man表示“人类”的含义时，仅用单数，不加冠词。如：
Man is mortal.人终有一死。
能力过关检测
1. Having received ____ training of the pany，he was offered ____ important position in management.
A. the; an B. 不填；an C. the; 不填 D. a; a
2. —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday
—Yes. As you saw，____ party went on in ____ most pleasant atmosphere.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a
3. It’s quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause ____ heavy pressure on ____ whole society in the future.
A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填；the
4. —What new subject are you going to have in ____ second grade
—I’m going to learn ____ second foreign language.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. 不填；a
5. For many Beijingers，dreams of living in ____ green area are becoming ____ reality.
A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；a
6. —Are you sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house
—Of course，but not now. I’m heading for ____bed to have a good sleep.
A. a; a B. a; 不填 C. the; a D. a; the
7. I often have conversations with John over ____ telephone，while keep in touch with Tom by ____ letter.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；aC. the; 不填 D. the; a
8. Charley Oakley，____ NBA star，hasn’t lost ____ game in the past three years.
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. an; the
9. Many ____ scientist wants to be ____ second Newton.
A. a; the B. a; a C. 不填；aD. 不填；the
10. USA Today，in ____ front-page story，also reported on Friday that the US special forces have moved into Afghanistan with ____ orders to catch or kill Bin Laden.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
11. —How many people are still leading ____ life under ____ poverty line in the world
—Perhaps one fourth.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；不填
12. —Were you educated in ____ good school
—Yes，____ very good one in my hometown.
A. the; the B. a; a C. such; a D. so; the
13. Chicago is on ____ Lake Michigan. There is nothing in the world like ____ Chicago meat industry.
A. the; the B. 不填；不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the
14. In ____ China of today，____ computer is no longer ____ rare thing.
A. the; a; a B. 不填；不填；the C. 不填；the; a D. the; 不填；the
15. About 1979，he went to ____high school and began to study ____ law by himself.
A. a; the B. 不填；the C. 不填；aD. 不填；不填
16. They have their reasons for keeping their marriage ____ secret for ____ moment.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
17. —I find ____ German grammar very difficult.
—I agree. Though ____ grammar is poor，you pronounce very well.
A. 不填；your B. 不填；不填 C. the; yourD. the; the
18. ____ telephone is really ____ most useful invention. Don’t you think
A. The; 不填 B. A; the C. 不填；the D. The; a
19. This is ____ secret information so don’t breathe ____ word about it to anyone.
A. 不填；aB. an；a C. 不填；不填 D. some，any
20. A serious accident happened at____ crossroads，not far from____ New World Supermarket.
A. 不填；the B. a; a C. the; 不填 D. a; the
21. My mother asked me to repeat____ telephone number____ second time so that she could write it down.
A. the; aB. an; the C. an; a D. the; the
22. Most people believe that____ family life is the basis of____ society.
A. the; the B. a; the C. 不填；the D. 不填；不填
23. Historically，____ main material for making tables has been wood，but____ metal and stone have also been used.
A. the; the B. 不填；不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the
24. You left____ “f”in____ spelling of the word “useful”.
A. an; a B. a; the C. an; the D. a; 不填
25. Do you know____ art in the 18th century played____ more important part in people’s lives than it does today
A. an; the B. 不填；aC. the; aD. the; the
26. There is____ “u” in the word “guess”，but it is____.
A. a; silent B. an; silent C. the; silence D. 不填; silence
27. Teaching____ child to cook will improve many of the skills that he or she will need later in____ life.
A. 不填；the B. a；不填 C. a; the D. the; a
28. —We spent all our money because we stayed at____ most expensive hotel in town.
—Why didn’t you stay at____ cheaper one
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the
29. —What about____ speech
—It was too tiring，you know，____ speech for me.
A. a; theB. the; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a
30. As ____ unemployment is very high at the moment，it’s very difficult for people to find____ work.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; 不填 C. the; aD. an; the
31. ____ British people always talk about____ weather.
A. The; the B. 不填；不填 C. 不填；the D. The; 不填
32. ____ cook in ____ restaurant by day，Katrina wants to be a rock star by night.
A. The；a B. The；the C. A；the D. A；a
33. ____ growing number of restaurants in Germany are taking everything American off their menus to protest____ war on Iraq.
A. The; a B. A; a C. 不填; the D. A; the
34. We stood at the top of the mountain____ east of the city，watching____ burning sun rising.
A. 不填；aB. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the
35. Paper money was in____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the county in____
thirteenth century.
A. the；不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填
36. ____ careful study should be made of ____ international situations in this changing world.
A. The; 不填 B. The; the C. A; the D. A; 不填
37. —Did you happen to see____ black and____ white cat
—Are they missing I told you to take care of them.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the
38. ____ new gym in our school was completed in____ Oct. of 2002，not in____ Aug.
A. The; the; 不填 B. A; 不填; 不填 C. A; the; the D. The; 不填; 不填
39. Though they are ____ people of different sorts，they always buy dresses of ____ style.
A. 不填; the B. the; a C. 不填; a D. the; the
40. As is known to all，____ tiger is in____ danger of dying out.
A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. the; the
41. —What do you think of the director of the film
—Oh，he is ____ director who is pleasant to work with. It’s ____ pleasure to work with him.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; theD. the; 不填
42. We must remember that____ knowledge of computer is really____ must in modern society.
A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填; a
43. Higher temperatures turning the large ice sheet to water would cause____ rise in sea levels worldwide and change____ weather on earth.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填；the
44. It is ____ great pleasure to go to ____ cinema after a week’s hard work.
A. a; theB. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
45. About 25% of____ European can speak____ foreign language besides their native languages.
A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填
46. Instead of writing____ letter，I talk with my mother on____ telephone once a month.
A. the; the B. a; 不填 C. a; theD. one; a
47. Our athletes won 28 gold medals at____ Sydney Olympic Games. It means that China is really becoming remarkable in sports and as____ country.
A. the; a B. 不填; the C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
48. Farm produce exports reached $18. 02 billion in ____ year of China’s WTO membership，rising 12. 8 per cent year-on-year.
A. aB. an C. the D. 不填
49. Dolly ____ sheep，the world’s first cloned (克隆的) animal，was given ____ shot to end her life on Feb. 14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.
A. 不填；aB. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
50. We all know that ____ cultural differences may easily cause misunderstanding in ____ communication with people from other countries.
A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
51. —Excuse me，are you going to buy____ book
—Well，I need it for ____ class but it’s too expensive.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. 不填；the
52. When ____ Brown was engaged，married or born，all ____ Browns were present.
A. 不填；the B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. certain; 不填
53. In America lunch time is very short，therefore people don’t talk much ____.
A. at the table B. at table C. around the tables D. around tables
54. The police have ____ power to arrest bad people by ____ law.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the
55. In China，____ bicycle is ____ popular means of transportation.
A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the
56. —Hey，Mr. Smith，you are wanted on ____ phone.
—Who is calling
—____ Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is.
A. 不填；A B. the; 不填 C. the; A D. 不填；不填
57. The president is talking on ____ phone with astronauts in ____ space.
A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
58. Travelling to space in ____ spaceship is quite ____ adventure for most men and women.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；an C. an; an D. a; an
59. —Will you be on ____ holiday soon
—Well，I’m too busy to take ____ holiday now. ____ manager has me work day and night. I’ll be able to take ____ two months from now.
A. a; a; The; it B. 不填；a; The; one C. the; the; The; That D. 不填；a; a; this
60. My mother is usually on ____ duty in the office every ____ few days.
A. the; a B. 不填；aC. 不填；不填 D. a; 不填
61. —Oh，dear! I wish we had not taken ____ lift.
—If I had known it would be out of ____ order，I would have suggested walking.
A. a; the B. the; an C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填
Key： AADBA BCABD ABDAD BADAD ADCCB ABBDB
DDDAB DCACB BCAAA CACBD ACBBC CCDBC C
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高考英语语法讲练—冠 词
基础知识解析
一、冠词的分类：冠词是一种虚词，没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。冠词分为定冠词the（辅音前面读[T[]，元音前读[Ti]）、不定冠词a/an，辅音前用a，元音前用an。（注：“辅音、元音”指读音不指字母）
用法种类 特指 泛指
表“类别” 表“一个（些）”
可数名词单数 the book a book a book
可数名词复数 the books books some （any） books
不可数名词 the water water some （any） water
二、不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a/an，一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。具体用法如下：
1、用于单数普通名词前表示“某一个（类）人”或“事物”。如：
An ear is an organ for listening. 耳朵是听觉器官。
A fox is a cunning animal. 狐狸是狡猾的动物。
This poem was written by a peasant. 这首诗是由一位农民写的。
2、用于第一次提到的非特指的的人或物。如：
He is a doctor. 他是一位医生。
He is studying in a university. 他正在一所大学里学习。
3、用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一（个）”的意思，=every。如：
John goes shopping twice a week. 约翰每星期去买两次东西。
The train is running sixty miles an hour. 火车正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。
4、用于说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小，= the same。如：
They are nearly of an age. 他们差不多同年。
The two shirts are of a size. 两件衬衣尺寸相同。
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
5、与what或such连用，表示“感叹”，注意a /an的位置。如：
What a fine day!多好的天气！
He is such a man!他竟是那种人！
What a beautiful girl / How beautiful a girl! /Such a beautiful girl /So beautiful a girl!多么漂亮的一位姑娘！
〖注〗half an hour/a half hour半小时
6、与quite和many连用，表示“许多”。如：
quite a few days=many days; many a day=many days。
7、姓名前有a /an来修饰，表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于“a certain”，也可指与某人有类似性质的人或事物；地名前用a / an，指某时期或某个样子的某地。如：
A Mr Chen came to see you this morning. 一位陈先生今天上午来看你。
Our music teacher is a Miss White. 我们的音乐老师是一位姓怀特的小姐。
He wishes to become a Newton. 他希望成为像牛顿那样的人。
He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班的雷锋。
She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago. 现在的中国和20年前的中国大不一样。
8、用于固定词组中。如：a few有几个；a little有一点；a long time很长时间；all of a sudden突然；an hour or two一两个小时；as a matter of fact实际上；as a result结果；have a bath /look /rest /smoke /test /try /walk洗个澡、看一看、休息一下、抽支烟、测试一下、试一试、散散步；in a hurry匆忙地；in a word总之、一句话；keep an eye on监视；make a living谋生；make a promise许诺；many a time很多次；once upon a time很久以前；teach sb. a lesson教训某人；turn a deaf ear to不愿听
三、定冠词的用法：定冠词the有this，that，these，those等意义，用于单数或复数名词前。主要用来特指，也就是使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。具体用法如下：
1、用于可数名词单数前代表一类人或物。如：
The rose is my favourite flower. 玫瑰是我最喜爱的花。
The horse is a useful animal. =A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
2、表示特定的或上文已提到的人或物。如：
He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk. 昨天他买了一本书，书在桌子上。
John bought a TV and a radio，but there was something wrong with the TV. 约翰买了一台电视和一台收音机，但电视有点问题。
He went to the station to meet his parents this morning. 他今早去火车站接他父母去了。
Pass me the book，please. 请把书递给我。
This is the place where I once lived. 这是我曾经住过的地方。
The plane to Shanghai has taken off. 到上海的飞机已经起飞了。
3、表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：the sun太阳；the moon月亮；the world世界；the sky天空；the earth地球
4、用在序数词、形容词最高级以及特定比较的比较级前。如：the first unit第一单元; the largest room最大的房间；
He is the taller of the two children in his family. 他是家中两个孩子中大的那个。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年最冷的季节。
I am the last to come. 我是最后一个来的。
5、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派、报纸、杂志、大建筑物、朝代等专有名词前。如：the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国；the United Nations联合国；the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党；the China Daily《中国日报》；the Times《泰晤士报》；the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂；the Great Wall长城；the Qing Dynasty清朝
6、用在某些地理名词（江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛等）前。如：the Changjiang River长江；the Yellow Sea黄海；the West Lake西湖；the Indian Ocean印度洋；the Urals乌拉尔山脉；the Xisha Islands西沙群岛
7、用在某些形容词前代表一类人（谓语用复数）。如：the poor穷人；the young青年人；the old老年人；the wounded伤员；the blind盲人；the oppressed受压迫者
8、姓的复数前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. 刘家搬到广州市去了。
The Greens are at table. 格林一家正在吃饭。
9、演奏乐器名称前常加the。如：play the piano / violin / guitar / flute / drum / horn演奏钢琴/小提琴/吉它/笛子/鼓/小号
10、接逢十的复数数词，指世纪的某个年代。如：
In the 1870’s，when Marx was already in his fifties，he began to learn Russian. 十九世纪七十年代，当马克思五十多岁时，他开始学习俄语。
11、用在发明物的单数名词前。如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大·哥拉哈姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
12、当介词宾语与句中宾语或被动句中的主语指同一个人时，名词前用定冠词，注意介词的用法：
feel/touch /put /hit + sb. + on the + head /shoulder /nose；
strike /hit /look /gaze /stare + sb. + in the + face /chest /side；
take /pull /shake /catch /seize + sb. + by the + hand /arm；
He is blind in the right eye and lame in the left leg. 他右眼瞎了，左腿瘸了。
13、方位名词前：on the left/right在左/右边；in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北边
14、以-sh、-ch、-ese结尾的国家或民族的形容词前加the，泛指这个国家或民族的全体人员：the Welsh威尔士人；the English英国人；the French法国人the Chinese中国人；the Japanese日本人
15、用在表示单位的名词前。如：
I have hired the car by the hour. 我已按小时租车。
Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打卖。
by the day/month按日/月；by the yard/foot按码/英尺；
特例：by weight按重量
16、有些固定搭配中必须用冠词。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening在早、中、晚；on the other hand另一方面；in the end终于；in the daytime/summertime在白天/夏日；to tell the truth说实话；on the contrary相反；in the middle of在……中部；go to the cinema去看电影；at the beginning of在……之初；in the distance在远处；on the whole整个地；by the way顺便说一句；in the countryside在乡下；all the year around整整一年
四、不用冠词的情况：
1、称呼语，独一无二的职位、衔级名词作同位语和补足语前不用冠词。如：
Mr Smith was elected Chairman. 史密斯先生被选为主席。
Aunt Mary玛丽姨妈；Professor Zhang张教授
2、as引导的让步状语从句中，名词用在句首时不用冠词。如：
Child as he is，he can finish it. 虽然他是个孩子，他可以完成这件工作。
3、连系动词go，turn后的名词作表语时不用冠词。如：
Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country. 什么事情都不会使我背叛我的祖国。
4、复数名词前不用the，泛指一类人或事物的全体。如：
Cows live on grass. 牛以草为食。
They are teachers，not students. 他们是老师，不是学生。
People in the south like rice. 南方人喜欢吃米饭。
5、单个专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词表示泛指时不用冠词。如：
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
China is a large country. 中国是一个大国。
Knowledge begins with practice. 知识来源于实践。
Rice and tea are grown in the south of China. 水稻和茶叶产于中国南方。
In Lushan，Mr President was so struck by the beauty of nature that he stayed for a third day. 在庐山，总统被漂亮的自然景观迷住了，所以他又多呆了一天。
〖注〗抽象名词或物质名词被限定时，要用定冠词the。如：
The milk in the bottle has gone bad. 瓶子里的牛奶变味了。
6、当名词被指示代词this、that、these、those；物主代词my、his等；不定代词some、any、no、every；以及名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Wang Ping’s mother is a doctor. 王平的妈妈是位医生。
Every student must obey the rule. 每位学生必须遵守规章制度。
7、许多词组不用冠词：after school放学后；at home/ at night /midnight /daybreak /noon /dawn在家/在晚上/在午夜/在天亮时/在中午/在黎明时；by hand/ by mistake用手/错误地；catch fire着火；day and night日日夜夜；pen and ink钢笔和墨水；day by day一天天；face to face面对面；sun and moon 太阳和月亮；from door to door逐门逐户；from morning till night从早到晚；from side to side从这边到那边；from time to time不时地；go to bed/town /church /hospital /school上床/去镇上/去教堂/去医院/上学；hand in hand手拉手；husband and wife夫妇；father and son父子；in bed/class/fact/danger/space在床上/在班上/事实上/处于危险之中/在太空中；in(out of) sight（超出）视线所及；in (on) time及时/准时；keep in mind记住；learn by heart记住；on earth究竟；on foot步行；play truant逃学；put sb. into prison将某人关进监狱；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地；sooner or later迟早；step by step秩序渐进；side by side并排地
8、下列情况一般不用定冠词，但有时有例外：
（1）一日三餐、节假日、运动、娱乐; 游戏、季节、月份、日子、学科、疾病、颜色、感官名称前不用冠词。如：
Did you have breakfast 你吃早饭了吗？
Economics is different from politics. 经济学不同于政治学。
Granny died of cancer two years ago. 奶奶两年前死于癌症。
He likes football. 他喜欢足球。
Do you play chess/bridge/cards 你下棋/玩桥牌/打牌吗？
Smell is one of the five senses. 嗅觉是人的五种感觉之一。
White is a beautiful colour. 白色是美丽的颜色。
〖注〗①被限制性定语修饰时，可加定冠词；被描述性定语修饰时，可用不定冠词。如：in the May of 2003在2003年的五月；a cold winter一个寒冷的冬天；
②the Spring (Mid-Autumn) Festival（春节、中秋节） 加冠词，其余节日前一般不加定冠词。餐名不用冠词，但具体指某顿饭时要用the，表示类别时要用a。如：
The breakfast I ordered still hasn’t arrived.我要的早餐还没有送来。
That was a very nice /good /hearty supper.那是一顿非常好的晚餐。
（2）play（玩）后面接球类、棋类等娱乐活动名词时，一般不加冠词。如：play chess/football下棋/踢足球。但接乐器须加the。如：play the violin/piano拉小提琴/弹钢琴
（3）国名前一般不加冠词。如in Australia。但以短语组成的国名及以-s结尾的国名前必须加the。如：the U. S. A. 美国；the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国；the Netherlands荷兰（用作单或复数均可，等于Holland）
（4）疾病名词前一般不用冠词，但在一些固定用法中常加a/an。如：an ache in…；a pain in…；have a cold/headache/fever/cough/cut/wound
（5）泛指乘坐交通工具时，交通工具前不用冠词：by train/plane/boat/bike/ bus/taxi乘火车/飞机/船/自行车/公共汽车/出租车；特指某一具体交通工具时，须加冠词，但介词可能发生变化：in a space ship乘宇宙飞船；by the 8:30 train乘八点半的火车
（6）be late for接抽象名词时不加冠词，但接具体名词时须加：be late for school/work/ class/lunch上学/上班/上课/午餐迟到；be late for the train/the bus/the film赶火车/乘公汽/看电影迟到
（7）注意电影、电视、戏剧、广播前冠词的用法：watch TV看电视；see a film看电影；listen to the radio听收音机；go to the cinema /theatre /pictures /movies去看电影
（8）基数词与序数词前定冠词的用法：Lesson Five=the fifth lesson第五课；Class Three=the third class三班；World War II=the Second World War第二次世界大战；Speak English=Speak the English language讲英语；Part One=the first part第一部分
（9）“患感冒”等词组中的a是否省略：take/catch/get (a) cold；have a cold；take/get a (bad/heavy) cold
（10）What's the matter with……=What's wrong with…… ……怎么啦？
五、相同词语中使用冠词与不使用冠词的差别：
1、不用冠词时，表示一种抽象概念；用冠词时，指具体事物。如：go to (the) sea当水手/到海边去；in (the) hospital在住院/在某医院；go to (the) school/bed/camp/church/college/university/ hospital/town/market上学、上床、去野营、上教堂、上大学、上医院（就医）、去镇上、去市场/到那所学校去、向那张床走去、向那个营地走去、向那个教堂走去、向那所大学走去、向那所医院走去、向镇上走去、向市场走去；at (the) table在进餐/在桌子旁；by (the) sea乘船/在海边；on (the) earth世界上、到底/在地球上；in (the) office 执政/在办公室；in (the) class 在上课/在班上；in (the) store储存/在仓库里；at/in (the) school在校求学/在学校
2、用与不用冠词，意义差别较大。如：be of (an) age成年/同年龄；on (the) fire着火/（美俚）在考虑中；on (the) watch在值班/留神看；out of (the) question没问题/不可能；take (the) advice征求他人意见/听人劝告；take place/take the place of发生/代替；in (the) course of在…过程中/在…时间内；in (the) place of代替/在…地方；in (the) front of在…前面/在…前部；in (the) secret秘密地/知道内情；in (the) open公开/在户外； (the) next year明年/翌年；by (the) day在白天/按日计算；with (a) child怀孕/带着孩子；(the) people人们/人民；(the) public公众的/公众；in word口头上/in a word总而言之；three of us我们中间三人/the three of us我们三人（共三人）
3、特例：a most interesting thing非常有趣的事；the most interesting thing最有趣的事；for a moment/for a while片刻；for the moment暂时；have a word with sb. 跟某人说几句话；have words with sb. 跟某人吵嘴；the Greens格林夫妇；a certain Mr Green 一位叫格林先生的人
What's the population of Japan 日本有多少人口
China has a population of 1，200 million. 中国有12亿人口。
This is the third time you have come late.这是你第三次迟到。
Try a third time，and you'll succeed.再试一次，你会成功的。
五、表示整个类属：多以加定冠词的办法，如果用一个人或东西能说明整个类属的特点，可以用加不定冠词的办法来表示，有时也可以用名词的复数形式。如：
A horse/The horse is a useful animal. /Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。
〖注〗①如果不是说每个人（东西）的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能以加不定冠词的办法来表示。如：
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。(不能说A tiger is …)
②man表示“人类”的含义时，仅用单数，不加冠词。如：
Man is mortal.人终有一死。
能力过关检测
1. Having received ____ training of the pany，he was offered ____ important position in management.
A. the; an B. 不填；an C. the; 不填 D. a; a
2. —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday
—Yes. As you saw，____ party went on in ____ most pleasant atmosphere.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a
3. It’s quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause ____ heavy pressure on ____ whole society in the future.
A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填；the
4. —What new subject are you going to have in ____ second grade
—I’m going to learn ____ second foreign language.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. 不填；a
5. For many Beijingers，dreams of living in ____ green area are becoming ____ reality.
A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；a
6. —Are you sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house
—Of course，but not now. I’m heading for ____bed to have a good sleep.
A. a; a B. a; 不填 C. the; a D. a; the
7. I often have conversations with John over ____ telephone，while keep in touch with Tom by ____ letter.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；aC. the; 不填 D. the; a
8. Charley Oakley，____ NBA star，hasn’t lost ____ game in the past three years.
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. an; the
9. Many ____ scientist wants to be ____ second Newton.
A. a; the B. a; a C. 不填；aD. 不填；the
10. USA Today，in ____ front-page story，also reported on Friday that the US special forces have moved into Afghanistan with ____ orders to catch or kill Bin Laden.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
11. —How many people are still leading ____ life under ____ poverty line in the world
—Perhaps one fourth.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；不填
12. —Were you educated in ____ good school
—Yes，____ very good one in my hometown.
A. the; the B. a; a C. such; a D. so; the
13. Chicago is on ____ Lake Michigan. There is nothing in the world like ____ Chicago meat industry.
A. the; the B. 不填；不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the
14. In ____ China of today，____ computer is no longer ____ rare thing.
A. the; a; a B. 不填；不填；the C. 不填；the; a D. the; 不填；the
15. About 1979，he went to ____high school and began to study ____ law by himself.
A. a; the B. 不填；the C. 不填；aD. 不填；不填
16. They have their reasons for keeping their marriage ____ secret for ____ moment.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
17. —I find ____ German grammar very difficult.
—I agree. Though ____ grammar is poor，you pronounce very well.
A. 不填；your B. 不填；不填 C. the; yourD. the; the
18. ____ telephone is really ____ most useful invention. Don’t you think
A. The; 不填 B. A; the C. 不填；the D. The; a
19. This is ____ secret information so don’t breathe ____ word about it to anyone.
A. 不填；aB. an；a C. 不填；不填 D. some，any
20. A serious accident happened at____ crossroads，not far from____ New World Supermarket.
A. 不填；the B. a; a C. the; 不填 D. a; the
21. My mother asked me to repeat____ telephone number____ second time so that she could write it down.
A. the; aB. an; the C. an; a D. the; the
22. Most people believe that____ family life is the basis of____ society.
A. the; the B. a; the C. 不填；the D. 不填；不填
23. Historically，____ main material for making tables has been wood，but____ metal and stone have also been used.
A. the; the B. 不填；不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the
24. You left____ “f”in____ spelling of the word “useful”.
A. an; a B. a; the C. an; the D. a; 不填
25. Do you know____ art in the 18th century played____ more important part in people’s lives than it does today
A. an; the B. 不填；aC. the; aD. the; the
26. There is____ “u” in the word “guess”，but it is____.
A. a; silent B. an; silent C. the; silence D. 不填; silence
27. Teaching____ child to cook will improve many of the skills that he or she will need later in____ life.
A. 不填；the B. a；不填 C. a; the D. the; a
28. —We spent all our money because we stayed at____ most expensive hotel in town.
—Why didn’t you stay at____ cheaper one
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the
29. —What about____ speech
—It was too tiring，you know，____ speech for me.
A. a; theB. the; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a
30. As ____ unemployment is very high at the moment，it’s very difficult for people to find____ work.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; 不填 C. the; aD. an; the
31. ____ British people always talk about____ weather.
A. The; the B. 不填；不填 C. 不填；the D. The; 不填
32. ____ cook in ____ restaurant by day，Katrina wants to be a rock star by night.
A. The；a B. The；the C. A；the D. A；a
33. ____ growing number of restaurants in Germany are taking everything American off their menus to protest____ war on Iraq.
A. The; a B. A; a C. 不填; the D. A; the
34. We stood at the top of the mountain____ east of the city，watching____ burning sun rising.
A. 不填；aB. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the
35. Paper money was in____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the county in____
thirteenth century.
A. the；不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填
36. ____ careful study should be made of ____ international situations in this changing world.
A. The; 不填 B. The; the C. A; the D. A; 不填
37. —Did you happen to see____ black and____ white cat
—Are they missing I told you to take care of them.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the
38. ____ new gym in our school was completed in____ Oct. of 2002，not in____ Aug.
A. The; the; 不填 B. A; 不填; 不填 C. A; the; the D. The; 不填; 不填
39. Though they are ____ people of different sorts，they always buy dresses of ____ style.
A. 不填; the B. the; a C. 不填; a D. the; the
40. As is known to all，____ tiger is in____ danger of dying out.
A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. the; the
41. —What do you think of the director of the film
—Oh，he is ____ director who is pleasant to work with. It’s ____ pleasure to work with him.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; theD. the; 不填
42. We must remember that____ knowledge of computer is really____ must in modern society.
A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填; a
43. Higher temperatures turning the large ice sheet to water would cause____ rise in sea levels worldwide and change____ weather on earth.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填；the
44. It is ____ great pleasure to go to ____ cinema after a week’s hard work.
A. a; theB. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
45. About 25% of____ European can speak____ foreign language besides their native languages.
A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填
46. Instead of writing____ letter，I talk with my mother on____ telephone once a month.
A. the; the B. a; 不填 C. a; theD. one; a
47. Our athletes won 28 gold medals at____ Sydney Olympic Games. It means that China is really becoming remarkable in sports and as____ country.
A. the; a B. 不填; the C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
48. Farm produce exports reached $18. 02 billion in ____ year of China’s WTO membership，rising 12. 8 per cent year-on-year.
A. aB. an C. the D. 不填
49. Dolly ____ sheep，the world’s first cloned (克隆的) animal，was given ____ shot to end her life on Feb. 14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.
A. 不填；aB. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
50. We all know that ____ cultural differences may easily cause misunderstanding in ____ communication with people from other countries.
A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
51. —Excuse me，are you going to buy____ book
—Well，I need it for ____ class but it’s too expensive.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. 不填；the
52. When ____ Brown was engaged，married or born，all ____ Browns were present.
A. 不填；the B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. certain; 不填
53. In America lunch time is very short，therefore people don’t talk much ____.
A. at the table B. at table C. around the tables D. around tables
54. The police have ____ power to arrest bad people by ____ law.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the
55. In China，____ bicycle is ____ popular means of transportation.
A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the
56. —Hey，Mr. Smith，you are wanted on ____ phone.
—Who is calling
—____ Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is.
A. 不填；A B. the; 不填 C. the; A D. 不填；不填
57. The president is talking on ____ phone with astronauts in ____ space.
A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
58. Travelling to space in ____ spaceship is quite ____ adventure for most men and women.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；an C. an; an D. a; an
59. —Will you be on ____ holiday soon
—Well，I’m too busy to take ____ holiday now. ____ manager has me work day and night. I’ll be able to take ____ two months from now.
A. a; a; The; it B. 不填；a; The; one C. the; the; The; That D. 不填；a; a; this
60. My mother is usually on ____ duty in the office every ____ few days.
A. the; a B. 不填；aC. 不填；不填 D. a; 不填
61. —Oh，dear! I wish we had not taken ____ lift.
—If I had known it would be out of ____ order，I would have suggested walking.
A. a; the B. the; an C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填
Key： AADBA BCABD ABDAD BADAD ADCCB ABBDB
DDDAB DCACB BCAAA CACBD ACBBC CCDBC C
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