独立主格结构
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课件17张PPT。
独立主格结构
absolute construction独立主格结构是一个较大的范畴，现将高中阶段遇到的介绍如下：
涉及非谓语动词的独立主格结构
（1） 过去分词的独立主格结构
这种独立主格结构总体上来说表示被动和完成。具体来说：
When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent. (表示方式)
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Nora felt on edge.（表示原因）
数千只眼睛看着她，诺拉感到紧张。 The book written in simple English, I will like it.(表示条件) （2） 现在分词的独立主格结构
该种独立主格结构总体上来说表示主动和进行。具体来说：
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.(表示时间)
The thief was backing, his face being pale.
(表示伴随)
Many expert being present, I felt very nervous. (表示原因)
Weather permitting, we will go to the beach tomorrow.(表示条件)（3） 不定式的独立主格结构
这种独立主格结构，往往表示还未发生的行为或者状态，在句子中往往作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语：
Lots of home work to do, I have to stay home all day.
So many children to look after, the mother would have had to quit her job. （条件）
如果当初有这么多的孩子需要照看的话，这个母亲就不得不辞去工作了。
I might miss the train, no one to wake me up. 2. 另外还有以前提到的，无动词独立主格结构。这种独立主格结构往往看作是 “名词/代词+ being + 表语” 结构中省略了“being”.
（1） 逻辑主语+名词
I received many gifts, many of them (being) books.
(2) 逻辑主语+形容词
They are all standing in surprise face to face, eyes (being) wide open.
意义上的主语是代词 （it , this…)或there being时，being不能省略
It being Sunday, they had no classes.
There being no buses,he had to walk home (3) 逻辑主语+ 副词
We fell asleep, all the lights on.
(4) 逻辑主语+ 介词短语
Many experts attended the conference, most of them from the States. 介词with ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语构成的独立主格结构；
在这种结构中，作宾语补足语的主要有现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语等。现在分词表示目前状态(主动)，过去分词表示动作已经完成(被动)，动词不定式则表示动作将要发生。 例如：
He was so tired that he fell asleep with the lamp burning.
With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time.
With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
With his homework finished, he went to see a film.We could hardly see anything with the lights out.
Two guards were standing at the gate, with a gun in their hands.
Without one more word spoken, they went away.
The old man added a few lines and colored the open space like a child playing with a picture book.
The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion.
介词with + 复合宾语结构有时也可将介词with省去，同时省去这种结构中的代词或冠词，这样使句子显得更简练。例如：
The teacher went into the classroom, with a book in his hand.
= The teacher went into the classroom, book in hand.注意： 从结构可以看出，这些独立主格结构相当于相应的状语从句或其他结构，只不过这些从句的主语与主句主语不同罢了。如果从句的主语与主句主语一致，则只能变为分词短语；从句为主动语态时，变为现在分词短语；若从句为被动语态时，则变为过去分词短语。
试比较： After he did the work, he went home.= Having done the work, he went home.
After the work was done, he went home.= The work done, he went home.If water is heated, it will turn into steam.= Heated, water will turn into steam.
As so many people were absent, the meeting had to be put off till next week.
= So many people (being) absent, the meeting had to be put off till next week.
There ________ a lot of work to do, ________ he had to stay in the office though it was weekend.
A was; even B being; so
C was; but D being; 不填
(2) _______ seriously ill, you ought to go back to see her.
A As your mother is B Your mother is
C Being D Your mother being D A D(3) Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ______, we refused the offer.
A not finishing B had not been finished
C not having finished D not being finished
(4) Preparations are being made for the Olympic Games ___________ in Beijing.
A held B holding C to be held D to hold
(5) The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A caused B to have caused
C to cause D having caused D C D(6).?Agriculture?is?the?country’s?chief?source?of?wealth,?wheat?______?by?far?the?biggest?cereal?crop. A.?is?????????B.?been?????????C.?be??????????D.?being?????????????(7).?Time?______,?the?celebration?will?be?held?as?scheduled. A.?permit???B.?permitting???C.?permitted??D.?permits????????????
(8).?There??_______nothing?more?for?discussion,?the?meeting?came?to?an?end?half?an?hour?earlier. A.?to?be??????B.?to?have?been???C.?being???????D.?be????? D B C(9).?_______no?cause?for?alarm,?the?old?man?went?back?to?his?bedroom. A.?There?was? B.?Since??C.?Being??D.?There?being??
(10).?The?country’s?chief?exports?are?coal,?cars?and?cotton?goods,?cars?_______the?most?important?of?these. A.?have?been????B.?are?????C.?being????D.?are?being?????? D C
独立主格结构
absolute construction独立主格结构是一个较大的范畴，现将高中阶段遇到的介绍如下：
涉及非谓语动词的独立主格结构
（1） 过去分词的独立主格结构
这种独立主格结构总体上来说表示被动和完成。具体来说：
When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent. (表示方式)
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Nora felt on edge.（表示原因）
数千只眼睛看着她，诺拉感到紧张。 The book written in simple English, I will like it.(表示条件) （2） 现在分词的独立主格结构
该种独立主格结构总体上来说表示主动和进行。具体来说：
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.(表示时间)
The thief was backing, his face being pale.
(表示伴随)
Many expert being present, I felt very nervous. (表示原因)
Weather permitting, we will go to the beach tomorrow.(表示条件)（3） 不定式的独立主格结构
这种独立主格结构，往往表示还未发生的行为或者状态，在句子中往往作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语：
Lots of home work to do, I have to stay home all day.
So many children to look after, the mother would have had to quit her job. （条件）
如果当初有这么多的孩子需要照看的话，这个母亲就不得不辞去工作了。
I might miss the train, no one to wake me up. 2. 另外还有以前提到的，无动词独立主格结构。这种独立主格结构往往看作是 “名词/代词+ being + 表语” 结构中省略了“being”.
（1） 逻辑主语+名词
I received many gifts, many of them (being) books.
(2) 逻辑主语+形容词
They are all standing in surprise face to face, eyes (being) wide open.
意义上的主语是代词 （it , this…)或there being时，being不能省略
It being Sunday, they had no classes.
There being no buses,he had to walk home (3) 逻辑主语+ 副词
We fell asleep, all the lights on.
(4) 逻辑主语+ 介词短语
Many experts attended the conference, most of them from the States. 介词with ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语构成的独立主格结构；
在这种结构中，作宾语补足语的主要有现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语等。现在分词表示目前状态(主动)，过去分词表示动作已经完成(被动)，动词不定式则表示动作将要发生。 例如：
He was so tired that he fell asleep with the lamp burning.
With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time.
With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
With his homework finished, he went to see a film.We could hardly see anything with the lights out.
Two guards were standing at the gate, with a gun in their hands.
Without one more word spoken, they went away.
The old man added a few lines and colored the open space like a child playing with a picture book.
The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion.
介词with + 复合宾语结构有时也可将介词with省去，同时省去这种结构中的代词或冠词，这样使句子显得更简练。例如：
The teacher went into the classroom, with a book in his hand.
= The teacher went into the classroom, book in hand.注意： 从结构可以看出，这些独立主格结构相当于相应的状语从句或其他结构，只不过这些从句的主语与主句主语不同罢了。如果从句的主语与主句主语一致，则只能变为分词短语；从句为主动语态时，变为现在分词短语；若从句为被动语态时，则变为过去分词短语。
试比较： After he did the work, he went home.= Having done the work, he went home.
After the work was done, he went home.= The work done, he went home.If water is heated, it will turn into steam.= Heated, water will turn into steam.
As so many people were absent, the meeting had to be put off till next week.
= So many people (being) absent, the meeting had to be put off till next week.
There ________ a lot of work to do, ________ he had to stay in the office though it was weekend.
A was; even B being; so
C was; but D being; 不填
(2) _______ seriously ill, you ought to go back to see her.
A As your mother is B Your mother is
C Being D Your mother being D A D(3) Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ______, we refused the offer.
A not finishing B had not been finished
C not having finished D not being finished
(4) Preparations are being made for the Olympic Games ___________ in Beijing.
A held B holding C to be held D to hold
(5) The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A caused B to have caused
C to cause D having caused D C D(6).?Agriculture?is?the?country’s?chief?source?of?wealth,?wheat?______?by?far?the?biggest?cereal?crop. A.?is?????????B.?been?????????C.?be??????????D.?being?????????????(7).?Time?______,?the?celebration?will?be?held?as?scheduled. A.?permit???B.?permitting???C.?permitted??D.?permits????????????
(8).?There??_______nothing?more?for?discussion,?the?meeting?came?to?an?end?half?an?hour?earlier. A.?to?be??????B.?to?have?been???C.?being???????D.?be????? D B C(9).?_______no?cause?for?alarm,?the?old?man?went?back?to?his?bedroom. A.?There?was? B.?Since??C.?Being??D.?There?being??
(10).?The?country’s?chief?exports?are?coal,?cars?and?cotton?goods,?cars?_______the?most?important?of?these. A.?have?been????B.?are?????C.?being????D.?are?being?????? D C