10-11学年中考专项练习之动词语态.

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动词语态
英语中表示主语和谓语之间关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. — Don’t drop litter, boy. Look at the sign: “Rubbish 　　　 into the dustbin.”
— Sorry.
A. has thrown B. was thrown
C. must throw D. must be thrown
( ) 2. After the earthquake in Taiwan 　　　 on CCTV on December 19th, 2009, lots of people donated money.
A. reports B. was reported
C. was reporting D. reported
( ) 3. I think computers 　　　 in everyday life in a few years’ time.
A. will use B. will be used
C. are used D. were used
( ) 4. — What’s wrong with that boy
— He 　　　 by a car yesterday.
A. was hit B. hit C. is hit D. hits
( ) 5. — Your sweater looks nice. Is it 　　　 wool
— Yes, and it’s 　　　 Inner Mongolia.
A. made of; made by
B. made of; made in
C. made by; made for
D. made by; made from
( ) 6. This kind of medicine 　　　 cool, clean and dry according to the instructions.
A. should be carried
B. must be put
C. should be lived
D. must be kept
( ) 7. — What a pity! The old bridge 　　　 down at last. It had such a long history.
— But it had been too dangerous to walk on it, anyway.
A. breaks B. was broken
C. has broken D. had been broken
( ) 8. — Can I play football for some time, Mum
— You can, if your homework 　　　.
A. will do B. does
C. is done D. will be done
( ) 9. After the earthquake, a lot of new schools　　　 so that the students can go back to school to continue their studies.
A. will build B. have built
C. are building D. are being built
( )10. — What can we do if the rain lasts for another day
— If so, the school sports meeting 　　　.
A. will put off
B. have put off
C. will be put off
D. have been put off
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. A talk on science 　　　　 (give) in our school next Sunday.
2. The letter 　　　　 (write) in Japanese. Can you read it for me
3. Chinese 　　　　 (speak) by more and more people in the world now.
4. The magazines 　　　　 (must return) to the library in two weeks.
5. — What kind of rice do you think is the best to eat
— I like to eat the rice that 　　　　 (grow) in the south of China.
6. Something must 　　　　 (do) to make our city a better place to live.
7. Three patients 　　　　 (operate) on by the famous doctor in the past 10 hours.
8. We 　　　　 (tell) not to play computer games at school.
9. The little boy was often seen 　　　　 (read) books by the lake after school.
10. The phone 　　　　 (invent) by Bell. He is very great.
11. — Look at the sign on the right.
— Oh, smoking 　　　　
(not allow) here.
12. — Why did you move to another city, John
— Because I 　　　　 (offer) a new job there.
13. — How do you like the dress
— Very much. It 　　　　 (feel) soft and nice.
14. If I 　　　　 (give) more time, I can get everything ready.
15. Zhaozhou Bridge is one of the oldest bridges all over the world.
It 　　　　 (build) about 1,400 years ago.
【指点迷津】
一、被动语态与主动语态相互转换的注意事项
1. 分清动作的执行者和承受者，即分清主动语态和被动语态，如为被动语态，按照不同时态的被动语态规则进行变化。
2. 通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但一些不及物动词加上介词（副词）构成的动词短语也有被动语态，此时该动词短语不可分割，后面的介词（副词）不能省略。如：
(1) We heard a strange noise yesterday evening.（主动语态）
A strange noise was heard (by us) yesterday evening.
（被动语态，hear为及物动词）
(2) We put on a short play at the party last night.（主动语态）
A short play was put on at the party (by us) last night. （被动语态）
3. 主动句中使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, feel, hear等后常接不带to的不定式，但在被动语态中，常将to还原出来。如：
The boss made the children work over twelve hours in the past.（主动语态）
The children were made to work over twelve hours (by the boss) in the past.（被动语态）
4. 带双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，可将其中的一个变为被动句的主语，另一个不变。一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则在间接宾语前加介词for或者to。如：
My mother gave me a present on my tenth birthday.（主动语态）
I was given a present by my mother on my tenth birthday.
（被动语态，间接宾语作主语）
A present was given to me on my tenth birthday.
（被动语态，直接宾语作主语）
二、其他常考点清单
1. 连系动词look, taste, smell等后接形容词作表语，不用于被动语态，但汉语中有被动的意味。如：
Oh, the milk tastes strange — do you think it’s OK to drink
2. open, sell, write, wear等用作不及物动词时，它们的主语是物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：
This kind of shirt sells very well here. 这种衬衫在这儿卖得很好。
3. want / need / require +doing sth.相当于want / need / require + to be done的形式，to be done表示不定式的被动语态。如：
My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理一下。
4. “People say …”或“They say …”这种句子变为被动语态时，一般用It’s said that … 结构，表示“据说……”，“听说……”。
Key：
Ⅰ. 1-5 DBBAB 6-10 DBCDC
Ⅱ. 1. will be given 2. is written 3. is spoken
4. must be returned 5. is grown 6. be done
7. have been operated 8. are told 9. to read
10. was invented 11. isn’t allowed 12. was offered
13. feels 14. am given 15. was built
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