非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2018高考精品系列之英语

非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2018高考精品系列之英语
非谓语动词（解析版）
【2018年高考命题预测】
高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错、单项填空中考查的份额很重。
【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布
考纲要求
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。
命题规律
一、主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法，但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
二、设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。
【考点p
k】名师考点透析
非谓语动词有三种；动词不定式、动词的---ing形式和动词的----ed形式．非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和变化，但有语态和时态的变化。因此高考备考时，对非谓语要有充分的认识和归纳，现在分词表示动作“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”，而不定式则含有“将来”的意义时，头脑要冷静。一方面要认真分析句子结构，确定所填动句子中作谓语还是非谓语，如果作非谓语，还要确定动词与主语的逻辑关系以及该动作与谓语动词的动作发生时间先后；同时要注意标点符号特别是逗号的作用。
考点一、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别
【例题1】Bradon
worked
for
hours
after
school
money
for
his
education．
A．making
B．to
make
C．made
D．having
made
【例题2】One
Sunday
several
former
classmates
gathered
at
Tom’s，
their
high
school
reunion
the
year
before．
A．talking
about
B．to
talk
about
C．talked
about
D．having
talked
about
考点二、现在分词与过去分词的区别
【例题3】When
I
caught
him
me，I
stopped
buying
things
there
and
started
dealing
with
another
shop．
A．cheated
B．cheating
C．to
cheat
D．to
have
cheated
【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补／主补时，分析宾语／主语同宾补／主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。
【解析】B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
考点三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
【例题4】The
old
women
spoke
to
the
girl
again，raising
her
voice
a
bit，but
still
no
answer.
A．received
B．receiving
C．had
received
D．to
receive
【例题5】Tom
stood
there，
what
he
could
do
for
the
poor
man
sitting
beside
him．
A．wondered
B．to
wonder
C．having
wondered
D．wondering
【解题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。
【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。
考点四、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to
be
done，done。being
done的区别
近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to
be
done，done，being
done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。
【例题6】The
NO.5
subway
line，
in
October，2007，has
greatly
improved
the
traffic
conditions
in
Beijing．
A．opened
B．was
opened
C．being
opened
D．to
be
opened
【三年高考】
15、16、17高考试题及其解析
2017年高考题
【2017·天津卷】14.
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
_____
more
patients
to
be
treated.
A.
being
allowed
B.
allowing
C.
having
allowed
D.
allowed
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A.
being
allowed
表示被动且正在进行
C.
having
allowed
强调先于谓语动词发生
D.
allowed
表示被动且完成，故选B。
考点：考查非谓语。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。
【2017·天津】10.
I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
______.
A.
catching
B.
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
to
be
caught
【答案】C
考点：考查非谓语。
【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+
宾语
+
非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+
sth
to
do
sth
(由主语完成）；have（让）
+
宾语
+
do
/
doing
/
done
(用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。
【2017·江苏卷】21.
Many
Chinese
brands,
_______
their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状
况；再根据“over
centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百
年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
【名师点睛】
现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作
是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being
done，完成式having
done/having
been
done。
当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。
e.
g.
Having
watered
the
vegetables,
the
farmer
took
a
short
rest.
Having
seen
the
film
twice,
he
didn’t
want
to
go
to
the
cinema
with
his
wife.
Having
done
his
homework
,
the
boy
began
to
watch
TV.
I
didn’t
feel
surprised,
having
expected
all
this.
Not
having
done
it
right,
I
tried
again.
现在分词作状语，可以转换为一个状语从句。
表示时间时，相当于after,
before,
when
,
while等引导的状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。
Stepping
carelessly
off
the
pavement,
he
was
knocked
down
by
the
bus.（发生在主句动作之前）
Arriving
at
the
station
,
he
found
the
train
had
gone.（之前）
He
went
out
,
shutting
the
door
behind
him.（之后）
Walking
through
the
park,
she
saw
a
flower
show
.（同时）
Talking
a
key
out
of
his
pocket
,
he
open
the
door
.（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。
Hearing
the
news
,
they
all
jumped
with
joy.
Be
careful
when
crossing
the
street.
While
waiting
for
the
train,
I
had
a
long
talk
with
Jane.
Her
husband
died
in
1999,
leaving
her
with
two
children
.
Lying
under
the
apple
tree,
Newton
was
thinking
and
thinking
.
Thinking
she
must
be
late,
Miss
Smith
decided
to
take
a
taxi.
There
are
a
number
of
students
waiting
to
be
examined.
He
refused
the
offer
,
saying
that
this
would
be
too
expensive.
The
man
feel
and
slipped,
getting
off
the
bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。
原因（句首）
Being
short
of
money,
I
applied
for
the
job.
Not
seeing
John,
I
can’t
tell
you
what
he
looks
like.
方式，伴随
Singing
a
pop
song
in
a
low
voice,
he
came
into
the
yard.
He
stood
by
the
window,
watching
the
children
playing.
She
stopped
as
if
expecting
him
to
speak.
His
parents
arrived
late
for
one
day,
leaving
their
children
being
hungry
for
a
whole
day.
结果（后置）
She
fell,
only
striking
her
head
against
the
rock.
He
spread
a
rumor,
leading
to
a
great
confusion
in
class.
It
rained
heavily
causing
severe
flood
in
that
region.
条件
If
traveling
north,
I
asked
where
he
was.
让步
knowing
all
this,
they
still
insisted
on
paying
for
the
damage.
Many
boys
,
having
had
few
advantages
in
their
youth,
have
yet
great
contribution
to
their
country
later.
Unless
paying
by
credit
card,
he
pays
in
cash.
Though
understanding
no
English,
he
was
able
to
communicate
with
them.
考点：考查非谓语动词
【2017·北京卷】27.
Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
______
their
valuable
time.
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
saved
【答案】C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
不定式的作用之状语
不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in
order
to
,
so
as
to,
so…as
to,
such
…as
to,
….enough
to,
too…to等。
做目的状语，just
to,
only
to
（仅仅为了）,
in
order
to,
so
as
to,
so(such)….as
to…（如此···以便···）如：
He
ran
so
fast
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He
came
to
the
school
to
see
his
son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He
hurried
to
the
post
office
only
to
find
it
was
closed.
He
searched
the
room
only
to
find
nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
做条件状语。如：
To
turn
to
the
left,
you
could
find
a
post
office.
【2017·北京卷】30.
The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife,
_________
from
butterflies
to
elephants.
A.
ranging
B.
range
C.
to
range
D.
ranged
【答案】A
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling
leaves
正在下落的树叶
fallen
leaves
已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The
sleeping
boy
is
my
son.
The
excited
people
rushed
into
the
building.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The
girl
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
niece.
The
building
built
last
year
is
our
library.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not
receiving
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
As
I
didn’t
receive
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
If
more
attention
was
given,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.(条件)
Walking
along
the
street,
I
ran
across
my
old
friend.
Bitten
by
a
snake,
he
was
taken
to
hospital(原因).
Though
defeated,
he
didn’t
lose
heart.
(让步)
He
lay
on
the
grass,
looking
into
the
sky.
(伴随)
He
came
running
to
tell
me
the
good
news.
(方式)
注意：
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used
for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The
film
is
touching.
The
glass
is
broken.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I
smell
something
burning.
I
heard
him
singing
the
song.
I
heard
my
name
called.
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally
speaking
一般说来
talking
of
(speaking
of)
说到
strictly
speaking
严格地说
judging
from
从···判断
all
things
considered
从整体来看
taking
all
things
into
consideration
全面看来。如：
Judging
from
his
face,
he
must
be
ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally
speaking,
dogs
can
run
faster
than
pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
【2017·北京卷】32.
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remember
the
happy
time
_______
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
【答案】D
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【语法填空】
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
Fat
and
salt
are
very
important
parts
of
a
diet.
They
are
required
63.________
(process)
the
food
that
we
eat,
to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions.
63.
to
process　考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。
require表示“要求”，
require
to
do
sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be
required
to
do
sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to
process。
by
68.________
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
68.
eating　考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
This
included
digging
up
the
road,
63.________
(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
64.________
top.
63.
laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
64.
the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
She
looks
like
any
other
schoolgirl,
fresh faced
and
full
of
life.
Sarah
Thomas
is
looking
forward
to
the
challenge
of
her
new
A level
course.
But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16 year old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half term
61.________
(rest).
61.
resting　考查非谓语动词。spend…(in)
doing
sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。
But
Sarah,
64.________
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
65.________
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
64.
who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah,
在从句中作主语，故填who。
65.
to
prove　考查动词不定式。want
to
do
sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。
[2017·浙江卷6月考]
Sixteen
years
60.________
(early),
Pahlsson
had
removed
the
diamond
ring
61.________
(cook)
a
meal.
When
she
wanted
to
put
the
ring
back
on
later,
it
was
gone.
She
suspected
that
one
of
her
three
daughters—then
ten,
eight,
and
six—had
picked
it
up,
but
the
girls
said
they
hadn't.
Pahlsson
and
her
husband
62.________
(search)
the
kitchen,
checking
every
corner,
but
turned
up
nothing.
“I
gave
up
hope
of
finding
my
ring
again，”
she
says.
She
never
replaced
it.
Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
63.________
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish
and
was
spread
over
the
garden,
64.________
it
remained
until
the
carrot's
leafy
top
accidentally
sprouted
(生长)
through
it.
【短文改错】
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
word,
“Speed
up！”
“Slow
down！”
“Turning
left！”
5.
word改为words　考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。
word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
6.
Turning改为Turn　考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed
up！”
“Slow
down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
In
their
spare
time，they
are
interesting
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden
3.
interesting改为interested　考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣。
When
summer
came，they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
fresh
vegetables!
9.
came改为comes　考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。
10.
students后加to　考查固定结构。invite
sb
to
do
sth邀请某人做某事。
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
About
one
month
after
this
photo
was
took,
I
entered
my
second
year
of
high
school
and
become
a
new
member
of
the
school
music
club.
4.
took→taken　考查过去分词。根据逻辑关系可知照片是被拍，故用被动语态，被动语态的构成是“be＋过去分词”，故把took改为taken。
5.
become→became　考查动词的时态。因为become和前面的entered是并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。
2016年高考题
【单项填空】
1.【2016·北京】26.
________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
【答案】D
考点：考查不定式作目的状语
【名师点睛】
一、不定式的作用
作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it
作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It
took
us
two
hours
to
finish
the
job.
It
is
impossible
for
us
to
get
there
on
time.
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look,
appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It
is
…to…的句型。试比较：
It
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
to
believe
him.（错）
To
believe
him
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
.（对）
（3）It
is+
adj.
of
/
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,
否则用
for.
作宾语
(1)
动词+不定式。如：
He
managed
to
escape
from
the
fire.
I
find
it
hard
to
get
along
with
him.（it
作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want,
try,
hope,
wish,
need,
forget,
know,
promise,
refuse,
help,
decide,
begin,
start,
learn,
agree,
choose,
get等
动词+疑问词+to
,
“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next/
how
to
do
it
next.
I
can’t
decide
when
to
go
there.
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it
作形式宾语。如：
I
find
it
necessary
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to
do
）。如：
He
warned
me
to
be
careful.
I
want
you
to
speak
to
Tom.
What
makes
you
think
so
（不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask,
tell,
order
,want
,get,
would
like,
like,
advise,
invite,
allow,
help,
wish,
warn,
expect,
would
prefer,
encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+
to
be
的不定式结构。如：
We
consider
Tom
to
be
one
of
the
best
students
in
our
class.
The
book
is
believed
to
be
useful.（被动语态）
(3)
There
+不定式。如：
We
didn’t
expect
there
to
be
so
many
people
there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用
as
短语作补语，像regard,
think,
believe,
take,
consider。如：
We
regard
Eric
as
our
best
teacher.
我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。
Mary
took
him
as
her
father.
玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(4)
在动词feel
（一感），hear,
listen
to（二听），have,
let,
make（三让），notice,
see,
watch,
observe,
look
at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They
saw
the
boy
fall
off
the
tree.
The
boy
was
seen
to
fall
off
the
tree.
(5)
help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I
often
help
him
（to）clean
the
room.
I
helped
him
(to)
find
his
things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.（动宾关系）
He
is
looking
for
a
room
to
live
in.（动状关系）
He
is
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.（主谓关系）
He
has
got
a
chance
to
go
abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do
you
have
anything
else
to
say
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：
I
need
a
pen
to
write
with.
(I
will
write
with
the
pen
)
(我需要一支钢笔写字)
I
have
a
little
baby
to
look
after.
(I
must
look
after
the
little
baby
)
(我有一个婴儿要照看)
5.
作状语
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in
order
to
,
so
as
to,
so…as
to,
such
…as
to,
….enough
to,
too…to等。
做目的状语，just
to,
only
to
（仅仅为了）,
in
order
to,
so
as
to,
so(such)….as
to…（如此···以便···）如：
He
ran
so
fast
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He
came
to
the
school
to
see
his
son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He
hurried
to
the
post
office
only
to
find
it
was
closed.
He
searched
the
room
only
to
find
nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
做条件状语。如：
To
turn
to
the
left,
you
could
find
a
post
office.
6.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The
question
is
how
to
put
it
into
practice.
My
question
is
when
to
leave.
His
dream
is
to
be
a
doctor.
Her
work
is
to
look
after
the
babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。
如：To
see
is
to
believe.
（眼见为实）(Seeing
is
believing.
)
7独立结构。如：
To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don’t
agree
with
you.
To
make
matters
worse,
it
began
to
rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She
is
known
to
have
been
working
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He
was
seen
to
enter
the
hall.
He
asked
to
be
sent
to
work
in
Tibet.
省to
的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought
外，ought
to）
would
rather,
had
better.
感官动词
see,
watch,
look
at,
notice,
observe,
hear,
listen
to,
smell,
feel
等后作宾补，省略
to.
注意：在被动语态中
to
不能省略掉。如：
I
saw
him
dance.
He
was
seen
to
dance.
The
boss
made
them
work
the
whole
night.
They
were
made
to
work
the
whole
night.
使役动词
let,
have,
make.
由
and,
or
和
than
连接的两个不定式，第二个
to
可以省去。如：He
wants
to
move
to
France
and
marry
the
girl.
help
可带
to
,也可不带to,
help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
Why
don’t
you…/Why
not…
but
和
except
前是动词
do
时，后面出现的动词用不带
to
的动词不定式。试比较：
He
wants
to
do
nothing
but
go
out.
He
wants
to
believe
anything
but
to
take
the
medicine.
通常在discover,
imagine,
suppose,
think,
understand
等词后，可以省去
to
be
.如：
He
is
supposed
(to
be)
nice.
他应该是个好人。
2.【2016·北京】28.
______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
【答案】D
考点：考查过去分词作状语
【名师点睛】
分词作状语
1.
分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on
doing
sth.
=as
soon
as。
2.
分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。
3.
分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。
4.
分词作条件状语相当于if
unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing,
considering,
provided,
compared
with等。
5.
分词作结果状语相当于so
that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。
6.
分词作让步状语相当于though或者even
if等引导的让步状语从句。
3.【2016·北京】32.
Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。
考点：考查现在分词
【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling
leaves
正在下落的树叶
fallen
leaves
已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The
sleeping
boy
is
my
son.
The
excited
people
rushed
into
the
building.
A
lost
opportunity
never
returns.
He
is
a
retired
worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The
girl
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
niece.
The
building
built
last
year
is
our
library.
This
is
the
question
given.
There
is
nothing
interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists
2.
The
first
textbook
______
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
have
written
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
3.
What’s
the
language
______
in
Germany
A.
speaking
B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken
D.
to
speak
4.
Prices
of
daily
goods
______
through
a
computer
can
be
lower
than
store
prices.
A.
are
bought
B.
bought
C.
been
bought
D.
buying.
5.
When
I
got
back
home
I
saw
a
message
pinned
to
the
door
______
“Sorry
to
miss
you;
will
call
later.”
A.
read
B.
reads
C.
to
read
D.
reading
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not
receiving
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
As
I
didn’t
receive
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
If
more
attention
was
given,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.(条件)
Walking
along
the
street,
I
ran
across
my
old
friend.
Bitten
by
a
snake,
he
was
taken
to
hospital(原因).
Though
defeated,
he
didn’t
lose
heart.
(让步)
He
lay
on
the
grass,
looking
into
the
sky.
(伴随)
He
came
running
to
tell
me
the
good
news.
(方式)
6.
______
some
officials,
Napoleon
inspected
his
army.
A.
Followed
B.
Followed
by
C.
Being
followed
D.
Having
been
followed
7.
There
was
a
terrible
noise______
the
sudden
burst
of
light.
A.
followed
B.
following
C.
to
be
followed
D.
being
followed
8.
______,
liquids
can
be
changed
into
gases.
A.
Heating
B.
To
be
heated
C.
Heated
D.
Heat
注意：
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used
for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
9.
When______,
the
museum
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.
A.
completed
B.
completing
C.
being
completed
D.
to
be
completed
10.
______
such
heavy
pollution
already,
the
river
becomes
dead
water.
A.
Having
suffered
B.
Suffering
C.
To
suffer
D.
Suffered
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The
film
is
touching.
The
glass
is
broken.
She
looked
tired
with
cooking.
He
remained
standing
beside
the
table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I
smell
something
burning.
I
heard
him
singing
the
song.
I
heard
my
name
called.
I
can’t
make
myself
understood
in
English.
I
found
my
car
missing.
I’ll
have
my
watch
repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally
speaking
一般说来
talking
of
(speaking
of)
说到
strictly
speaking
严格地说
judging
from
从···判断
all
things
considered
从整体来看
taking
all
things
into
consideration
全面看来。如：
Judging
from
his
face,
he
must
be
ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally
speaking,
dogs
can
run
faster
than
pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
二、分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving
there,
they
found
the
boy
dead.
11.
The
secretary
worked
late
into
the
night,
______
a
long
speech
for
the
president.
A.
to
prepare
B.
preparing
C.
prepared
D.
was
preparing
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having
done。如：
Having
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
After
he
had
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
12.
______
a
reply,
he
decided
to
write
again.
A.
Not
receiving
B.
Receiving
not
C.
Not
having
received
D.
Having
not
received
三、分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He
is
the
man
giving
you/who
gave
you
the
book
She
is
the
girl
stopped
by/who
was
stopped
by
the
car.
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone,
fallen,
retired,
grown-up,
escaped,
faded,
returned等词。如：
a
retired
person
一个退休的人
a
fallen
ball
一个落下来的球
a
burnt-out
match
烧完了的火柴
4.【2016·江苏】28.In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________within
the
work.
A.
to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
【答案】B
【名师点睛】
过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。
例如： He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。
例如： fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳
注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：
We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。
My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：
They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。
2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方
式、时间、程度、性质等意义。
例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。
5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。
考点：考查分词做定语
5.【2016·天津】4.
The
cooling
wind
swept
through
out
bedroom
windows,
____
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
A.
making
B.
to
make
C.
made
D.
being
made
【答案】A
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。
6.【2016·浙江】10.To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution
,
I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
_______
in
Australia
in
2012.
A.
having
conducted
B.
to
be
conducted
C.
conducting
D.
conducted
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情。故选D。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry
out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。
7.【2016·浙江】19.
I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do
with
students.
A.
working
B.
work
C.
to
work
D.
worked
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。
【语法填空】
1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter__66___
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
____67_(introduce)
British
visitors
to
the
120-plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
66.
permitted
考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
67.
introducing考查动名词。
介词后面应该用动名词形式。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,
you’ll
be
less
likely
49
(bring)
your
work
home.
49.to
bring
考查形容词短语。形容词短语be
likely
to
do
sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
43
(create)
special
designs.
The
Chinese
have
used
chopsticks
for
five
thousand
years.
People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,
44
(use)
twigs(树枝)to
remove
it.
43.
to
create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to
create。
44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
4.【2016·上海】(B)
Do
you
find
yourself
getting
impatient
or(38)
_____(annoy)
with
people
over
unimportant
things ...
If
the
answer
to
all
those
questions
is
yes,
you
had
better(39)______(control
)
your
stress,
as
you
probably
are
under
more
stress
than
is
good
for
you.
To
some
extent
you
can
control
the
amount
of
stress
in
your
life.
Doctors
have
worked
out
a
chart
showing
how
much
stress
is
involved
in
various
events.
Getting
married
is
50,
pregnancy
40,
moving
house
20,
Christmas
12,etc.
If
the
total
stress
in
your
life
is
over
150,
you
are
twice
as
likely
(40)_______
(get
)ill.
5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
She
was
a
very
43
(care)mother.For
25days,she
never
left
her
baby,not
even
to
find
something
44
(eat)!
43.caring/careful
此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
44.to
eat
句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to
eat。
【短文改错】
1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10
分）
Every
day
he
makes
sure
that
fresh
vegetables
or
high
quality
oil
are
using
for
cooking.
5.
or→
and
考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。
6.
using
→used
考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be
used
for“被用来去做”。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
take
a
trip.
2.chose改为choose
考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。
3.take改为taking
考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying
at
home与taking
a
trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between的宾语。
3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
I
showed
them
I
was
independent
by
wear
strange
clothes.
58.wear—wearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词／代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。
4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Mom
was
grateful
and
moving.
10.moving---moved
句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。
5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
He
would
ask
who
we
was
and
pretend
not
to
knowing
us.
70.【答案】was改成were
【解析】
试题分析：
这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。
考点：考查主谓一致
71.【答案】knowing改成know
考点：考查动词不定式
2015年高考题
1.【2015·湖南】30.When
the
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground,
________
whether
to
stay
or
leave.
A.
wondering
B.
wonder
C．to
wonder
D．wondered
【答案】A
　
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v. ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词
【名师点睛】
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to
do
2、动词的ing
:
doing
3、　动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用
done;
之后常用to
do;
同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v. ing形式作伴随状语。
2.【2015·北京】21._____the
early
flight,we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
A.Catching.
B.Caught.
C.To
catch.
D.Catch
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。
3.【2015·北京】23.The
park
was
full
of
people,____themselves
in
the
sunshine.
A.having
enjoyed
B.enjoyed
C.enjoying
D.to
enjoy
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D
to
enjoy
不定式表示动作未发生，由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A
having
enjoyed
为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，做题时可以先根据情景，语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。
4.【2015·北京】31.If
___for
the
job,
you’ll
be
informed
soon.
A
.to
accept
B.
accept
C.
accepting
D.
accepted
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。
5.【2015·重庆】6.
____
in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,
he
had
a
long,
hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
Being
raised
B.
Raising
C.
Raised
D.
To
raise
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。
6.【2015·重庆】11.
Like
ancient
sailors,
birds
can
find
their
way____
the
sun
and
the
stars.
A.
used
B.
having
used
C.
using
D.
use
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。
选C。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，这个考点在高考中经常出现，本题考查的是分词做伴随状语，分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；
而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；He
sen
me
an
e-mail
hoping
to
ge
further
information
他给我发一封电子邮件，希望得到更多的信息；
He
hurried
to
the
hall,
followed
by
two
guards.
他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。
7.【2015·浙江】18.
Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
live
is
quite
another.
A.
perform
B.
performing
C.
to
perform
D.
being
performed
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查动词非谓语
【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解，另外也要对hear
这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。
8.【2015·天津】8.
______
for
two
days,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
A.
To
work
B.
Worked
C.
To
be
working
D.
Having
worked
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having
worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故应当排除。
9.【2015·天津】5.
______in
painting,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching.
A.
To
absorb
B.
To
be
absorbed
C.
Absorbed
D.
Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be
absorbed
in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
10.【2015·陕西】17.
After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
A.
to
thank
B.
thanking
C.
having
thanked
D.
to
have
thanked
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne
Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go
on
to
do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。
【考点定位】考查不定式
【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to
do；to
be
doing；to
have
done。这题要注意go
on
to
do“继续做不同的事情”和go
on
doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。
11.【2015·陕西】18.
Back
from
his
two-year
medical
service
in
Africa,
Dr.
Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
good
care
of
at
home.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
take
D.
be
taken
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查过去分词
【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时，首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词：是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。
12.【2015·福建】28._________
more
about
Chinese
culture,
Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
A.
Learn
B.
Learned
C.
To
learn
D.
To
be
learning
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C
【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。
13.【2015·福建】33.In
recent
years
an
English
word
"infosphere"
has
appeared,
_______the
sense
of
“information”
and
"
atmosphere".
A.
combine
B.
combined
C.
combing
D.
being
combined
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词
【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。
14.【2015·江苏】24.Much
time
_____
sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
A.
being
spent
B.
having
spent
C.
spent
D.
spending
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
【考点定位】独立主格结构
【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
15.【2015·安徽】27.______
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
A.
Ignore
B.
Ignoring
C.
Ignored
D.
Having
ignored
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查动名词作主语
【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will
be”前面的“______
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。
16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes
I
act
as
a
listening
ear
for
fellow
students
________
what
is
bothering
them.
A.
to
talk
over
B.
talked
over
C．talk
over
D．having
talked
over
【答案】A
　
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的。故选A。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。①表目的：He
worked
day
and
night
to
get
the
money.
他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She
sold
her
hair
to
buy
the
watch
chain.
她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致
【两年模拟】2016、2017名校模拟题及其答案解析
2017年模拟题
1.
【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】
Reading
is
a
good
way
_____
a
child’s
imagination
at
an
early
age.
A. to
develop
B. developing
C. develop
D. developed
【答案】A
2.
【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】______
a
book
in
front
of
your
face,
you’ll
feel
the
air
moving
against
your
face.
A. Waved
B. Wave
C. To
wave
D. Waving
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在脸前挥舞一本书，你就会感到空气在脸上流动。主语you和wave为逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词-ing形式引导条件状语，故选D。
3.
【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】In
Australia,
many
road
signs
are
both
in
English
and
Chinese,
____
it
easier
for
Chinese
tourists
to
travel.
A. making
B. made
C. make
D. makes
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。
4.
【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 his
love,
Chris
sent
his
mom
a
thank-you
note
on
Mother's
Day.
A. Expressing
B. Expressed
C. To
express
D. Having
expressed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。
5.
【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】
If
you
have
any
question,
please free
to
contact
me
at
.
A. to
feel
B. feeling
C. feel
D. felt
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：如果你有任何问题，可以随意联系我通过.。根据前面的条件状语从句中用一般现在时，故本句也用一般现在时，逻辑主语是you，故这里用动词原形，故选C。
6.
【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】Laughter
produces
short-term
changes
in
the
function
of
the
heart
and
blood
circulation,
_________heart
rate
and
oxygen
consumption.
A. increasing
B. to
increase
C. having
increased
D. being
increased
【答案】A
7.
【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】
Most
of
the
money
for
the
reconstruction
of
the
quake-stricken
town
has
been
allocated
by
the
government,
the
rest
______
from
the
coming
charity
concerts.
A. to
be
collected
B. having
been
collected
C. being
collected
D. to
have
been
collected
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：多数用于震后重建城镇的钱已经被政府下拨，剩余部分将由即将举行的慈善音乐会筹集。在句中作状语，表示还未发生的事用不定式。the
rest（money）和动词collect是被动关系，此处要用不定式的被动，即to
be
done形式，故选A.
8.
【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】
When
it
comes
to in
public,
no
one
can
match
him.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. being
spoken
D. be
spoken
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：When
it
comes
to
sth
是一固定句型，表示“当谈到...”，to
是属于介词。而此句子不含被动意思。being
spoken
被说。因此B选项正确。句意为“
当谈到在公众场合演讲，没人能与他相比。”
考点：考查固定句型
【名师点睛】考查固定搭配。When
it
comes
to
的用法(1)
后面接名词或接动词的ING形式（动名词） (2)
when前面可以用逗号，整个跟着某个句子句子后面（用法有点像插入语）。也可以作为分句直接位于句首，整个部分后接逗号。1.
Although
she
plays
football
well,
when
it
comes
to
English,
she
is
not
so
good.
她的足球玩得很好，就英语而言，她没学的那么好。2.When
it
comes
to
eating,
Joey
is
full
of
joy.一谈到食物，乔伊就很高兴。
3.
When
it
comes
to
fishing,
John
is
an
expert.
谈及钓鱼，约翰是个专家
9.
【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】
which
university
to
attend,
the
girl
asked
her
teacher
for
advice.
A. Not
knowing
B. Knowing
not
C. Not
known
D. Known
not
【答案】A
考点：考查现在分词的否定做状语
10.
【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】--What
do
you
think
of
your
journey
to
Yunnan
--Everything
is
very
fantastic,
especially
its
fresh
air.
It
is
pleasant .
A. breathed
B. being
breathed
C. to
be
breathed
D. to
breathe
【答案】D
【解析】考察动词不定式。这里我们可以把它当做固定句式来记忆。It
is
pleasant
to
do
sth做某事很愉快。这里breath不能用被动，故选D。
11.
【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】
public
bicycles
with
a
mobile
app
is
more
convenient
for
users.
A. To
unlock
B. Unlock
C. Unlocked
D. Unlocking
【答案】D
【解析】考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，本句是主系表结构，前面的________ public
bicycles
with
a
mobile
app是句子主语，只有动名词和不定式可以充当主语，动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。故本题选D。句意：使用移动应用程序解锁公共自行车对用户来说更方便。
12.
【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】
carefully
for
long
time,
the
opening
ceremony
won
a
great
success.
A. Having
prepared
B. To
be
prepared
C. Being
prepared
D. Having
been
prepared
【答案】
【解析】考查非谓语性动词作状语。prepare的逻辑主语是the
opening
ceremony，且和逻辑主语是被动关系，再加上prepare动作明显发生在谓语之前，所以用现在分词完成时的被动形式作状语。句意：通过长时间精心的准备，这个开业典礼取得了巨大的成功。故选D。
13.
【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】For
a
third-culture
kid,
it
is
often
easier to
a
new
foreign
country
than
to
their
"home"
country.
A. moving
B. to
move
C. move
D. moved
【答案】B
14.
【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】
more
about
the
place
where
you
live,
and
you
will
shoulder
more
responsibility
to
protect
it
A. Learning
B. To
learn
C. Learn
D. Learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：对你住的地方知道的更多，你会有更大的责任心去保护它。本题运用了祈使句（表条件）+
and
+主句（表结果），祈使句中动词用原形。故选C。
【语法填空】
1.
【东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
You
know
that
everything
changes,
but
you’re
seldom
prepared
when
it
comes
to
your
children. 　　　41　　　years
fly
by,
suddenly
they’re
teenagers.
They’re
all
grown
up
with
plans 　　　42　　　their
own.
At
parents,
we
want
to
hold
tightly
to
those
precious
and
unforgettable 　　　43　　　(moment)
when
she 　　　44　　　(lose)her
tooth
and
you
were
the
Tooth
Fairy,
or
when
you
bought
his
baseball
glove
and
taught
him
with
great
patience 　　　45　　　(hold)
a
bat.
Your
girl
looks
more
like
a
young
woman
now;
your
son
is
becoming
a
man.
If
you’re
fighting
those
changes,
you
may
get
tired.
But
if
you
welcome
the
changes　　　46　　　 (merry),
you’ll
be
young
at
heart.
Parents
have
to
change,
too---you
can’t
avoid
it.
It’s　　　　47　　　　(nature)
for
you
to
miss
the
years
when
they
were
cute
and
when
you
were 　　　48　　　center
of
their
world.
As
a
courageous
parent
aware
of
the
process
of
life　　　49　　　you’re
involved
in,
you
accept
the
changes
and
move
forward
in
tears.
Sometimes
you’ll
thankful
that　　　50　　　(be)
a
teenager
is
not
a
permanent
condition.
【答案】41.As42.of43.moments44.lost45.to
hold46.merrily47.natural48.the49.which/that50.being
42..“They’re
all
grown
up
with
plans___2___their
own.”句意理解：他们在他们的计划下成长。通过分析句子结构可知，这里需要一个介词，表达他们的计划这一意思。故填of。
43.“precious
and
unforgettable ___3___(moment)”分析句子结构，这里缺少一个名词，即前面的形容词修饰名词。同时通过句意理解可知，这些珍贵的，难忘的片段，应该是很多的，所以应该用复数。故填moments。
44.“she ___4___(lose)her
tooth
and
you
were
the
Tooth
Fairy”根据and可知，前后的时态应该一致。后边用了过去式were所以lose也应该用过去式。故填lost。
45.“taught
him
with
great
patience ___5___(hold)
a
bat.”to表目的，用来……。句意：耐心的教他们来握住球棒。故填to
hold。
46.“But
if
you
welcome
the
changes___6___ (merry),
you’ll
be
young
at
heart.”通过分析整个句子结构，前半部分是一个完整的句子，所以需要一个副词来修饰。句意：如果你能愉快地接受这些变化，你将保持一个年轻的心态。故填merrily。
47.“It’s____7____(nature)
for
you
to
miss
the
years”固定句型：It
is
+形容词+for
sb/sth
+to
do
sth。所以此处需要填nature的形容词形式。故填natural。
48.“you
were ___8___center
of
their
world.”分析句子结构，主语，谓语动词，宾语都具备。center是一个名词，所以应该在前边加一个定冠词。同时the
center
of
sth也是固定搭配。故填the。
49.“As
a
courageous
parent
aware
of
the
process
of
life___9___you’re
involved
in,”句意:作为一个有胆识的父母，他们知道他们被包括进去的生命历程……。通过分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词为"the
process
of
life"故填which或that。
50.__10___(be)a
teenager
is
not
a
permanent
condition.通过分析句子成分可知，缺少主语。括号中给了一个动词原形be.要想使be
a
teenager做主语，be应该用动名词形式。故填being。
2.
【湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
题号：1683071908724736
When
my
daughter
was
five,
she 　　　　41　　　　(give)
a
piano
as
a
birthday
present.
With
great 　　　42　　　（excite）,
she
began
learning
it. 　　　　43　　　　when
she
was
no
longer
curious,
she
become
sick
of
it.
When
her
first
teacher
left,
my
friend
introduced
me 　　　44　　　an
American
teacher
whose
way
of
teaching
was
completely
American.
After
practicing,
she
would
give
my
daughter
some
good
comments,
and
then
point
out 　　　　45　　　　should
be
improved.
Every
time
she
came,
instead
of
beginning
the
lesson
right
away,
she
would
first
play
some
music.
She
said,
"To
learn　　　　46　　　　 piano,
you
should
learn
not
only
the
skills
of
playing,
but
more　　　47　　　 (important)
to
feel
the
music
and
love
it."
After
some
time,
my
daughter
became
fond
of
her
lessons.
Surprisingly,
my
daughter
said
to
me
one
day,
"Mom,
I
was
lucky
that
you
didn't
give
up
my
piano
lessons. 　　　　48　　　　(learn)
it
is
like
climbing
a
mountain.
You'll
feel 　　　49　　　(tire)
when
you
are
on
the
way.
When
you
look
down
from
where
you
are,
you
will
realize
that
you　　　　50　　　　(make)
progress.
But
if
you
stop,
you’ll
never
take
one
more
step.”
That
was
the
very
thing
I
wanted
to
teach
her.
【答案】41.was
given42.excitement43.However44.to45.what46.the47.importantly48.Learning49.tired50.have
been
making
42.考查词性转化。空前with可知，此处应使用名词。故填excitement。
43.考查副词。句意：然而当她不再好奇的时候，她开始讨厌它。根据句意可知，此处应使用转折副词however。故填However。
44.考查介词搭配。introduce
sb.
to.
sb.“把某人介绍给某人”。故填to。
45.考查名词性从句。此处为point
out的宾语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“应该改进的东西”，应使用代词what。故填what。
46.考查冠词。此处特指钢琴，应使用定冠词。故填the。
47.考查词性转化。此处修饰不定式to
feel
the
music
and
love
it，应使用副词形式。故填importantly。
48.考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，泛指“学习弹钢琴”，应使用动名词形式。故填learning。
49.考查词性转化。此处指“你会感到疲惫”，-ed形式的形容词意为“感到……”。故填tired。
50.考查动词时态。句意：你将意识到你一直在进步。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从某一时间开始、一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。故填have
been
making。
【名师点睛】
名词性从句是语法填空和短文改错中经常考查的知识点，其中名词性从句中的连接词what与that的区分也是经常能遇到的。两者的区别在于what在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，指代一定的内容；而that则只起到连接作用，其所引导的名词性从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，在句意中没有词义体现。如本题第5小题，then
point
out ____5____should
be
improved.分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的从句作point
out的宾语，分析从句句子成分可知，从句缺少主语，因此应使用连接代词what，指代需要被改进的事情。做此类题目时，一定要确定从句的性质，然后再分析从句句子成分，这样才能确定正确答案。
3.
【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2017届高三第三次模拟】
Little
Tommy
was
doing
very
badly
in
math.
His
parents 　　　　41　　　　(try)
everything
they
could
think
of.
Finally
they
took
Tommy
to
a
catholic
school.
After
the
first
day,
little
Tommy
came
home
with
a
very
serious
look
on 　　　　42　　　　 face.
He
didn’t
kiss
his
mother
hello. 　　　　43　　　　,
he
went
straight
to
his
room
and
started
studying.
Books
and
papers
were
spread
out
all
over
the
room
and
little
Tommy
was
hard
at
work.
His
mother
was
surprised.
She
called
him
down
to
dinner
and
as
soon
as
he
finished 　　　　44　　　　 (eat),
he
went
back
to
his
room,
without
a
word. 　　　　45　　　　 no
time
he
was
back
hitting
the
books
as
hard
as
before.
This
went
on
for
some
time
day
after
day
while
the
mother
tried
to
understand 　　　　46　　　　 was
happening.
Finally,
little
Tommy
brought
home
his
report
card, 　　　　47　　　　 he
quietly
put
on
the
table
and
went
up
to
his
room
and
hit
the
books.
His
mom
looked
at
it.
To
her
surprise,
little
Tommy
got 　　　　48　　　　 A
in
math.
She
could
no
longer
hold
her 　　　　49　　　　 (curious).
She
went
to
his
room
and
asked,
“Son,
what
was
it
Was
it
the
nuns ”
Little
Tommy
looked
at
her
and
said,
“Well,
on
the
first
day
of
school,
when
I
saw
that
man 　　　　50　　　　(nail)
the
plus
sign,
I
knew
they
weren’t
joking.”
【答案】41.had
tried42.his43.Instead44.eating 45.In46.what47.which 48.an49.curiosity50.nailed
41.“
His
parents ____1____(try)
everything
they
could
think
of”和“His
parents ____1____(try)
everything
they
could
think
of.
Finally
they
took
Tommy
to
a
catholic
school.” 根据句意分析该句，try
everything这个动作发生在“Finally
they
took
Tommy
to
a
catholic
school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had
tried。
42.“After
the
first
day,
little
Tommy
came
home
with
a
very
serious
look
on ____2____ face”分析该句， face是名词，而横线后句子指代不明，应补充代词成分，该句主语是little
Tommy，故填his。
43.根据前文“He
didn’t
kiss
his
mother
hello.” 他没有亲吻他的妈妈，以及后文“
he
went
straight
to
his
room
and
started
studying”他径直走向房间，开始学习。两句的动作具有相互替代性，故填Instead。
44. 动词finish后只能跟名词、代词或动词ing形式，意为完成做某事。故填eating。
45. in
no
time意为马上、立即； 根据“he
was
back
hitting
the
books
as
hard
as
before”马上他又像以前那样努力地读书了。故填In。
46. “the
mother
tried
to
understand ____6____ was
happening.”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，此处需要what来做宾语从句的主语，故填what。
47. “____7____ he
quietly
put
on
the
table
and
went
up
to
his
room
and
hit
the
books”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，结合前句“Finally,
little
Tommy
brought
home
his
report
card”因此应使用连接词代替前文，中间有逗号，因此使用非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【名师点睛】
动词常见的变化形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。
本题的第一小题“
His
parents ____1____(try)
everything
they
could
think
of”和“His
parents____1____(try)
everything
they
could
think
of.
Finally
they
took
Tommy
to
a
catholic
school.” 根据句意分析该句，try
everything这个动作发生在“Finally
they
took
Tommy
to
a
catholic
school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had
tried。
【短文改错】
1.【东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I
was
shopping
with
my
wife
and
we
have
plenty
of
things
to
buy.
We
drove
to
the
centre
of
the
city
but
stopped
our
car
in
front
of
a
shop.
An
hour
later,
we
came
back
to
the
car.
But
it
was
strange
that
we
could
open
the
doors.
So
we
asked
the
policeman
for
help.
He
was
glad
to
help
us.
a
few
minutes
later,
he
got
the
door
open.
Just
then
a
man
came
up
and
shouted
angry,
“What
are
you
doing
with
my
car ”
We
were
surprising
and
went
to
see
the
number
of
the
car.
It
was
not
his.
We
were
very
embarrassed
on
that
time.
What
do
you
think
that
we
did
then
We
had
to
speak
sorry
to
the
man.
【答案】1.have—had
2.
but—and
3.
could
not
4.
policeman前的the
改成a
5.angry—angrily
6.
surprising---surprised
7.
his---ours
8.
on—at
9.
think后的that
去掉
10.
speak
改成say
【解析】【整体解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对夫妻开车去市中心购物，他们把车停在超市前，等购物完回去开车时，却打不开车门。随后找警察帮忙，确开错车的一件生活囧事。
1第1处： “I
was
shopping
with
my
wife
and
we
have
plenty
of
things
to
buy.
”根据was可知此句时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应为过去时。故将have改为had。
第四处："So
we
asked
the
policeman
for
help.
"此处的policeman 警察，是第一次在文中出现，并不是特指。故将the改成a。
第五处："Just
then
a
man
came
up
and
shouted
angry,
"。副词修饰动词，shouted是谓语动词，angry是形容词。所以将angry改为angrily。
第六处：“We
were
surprising
and
went
tosee
the
number
of
thecar.”
surprising表示某事某物使人感到惊讶，surprised表示人的感受，人感到惊讶。故将surprising改为surprised。
第七处："It
was
not
his.
"分析上下文意思，我们打不开车门和最后我们像那个男人道歉，可知这辆车不是我们的车。故将his改为ous。
第八处：
“We
were
very
embarrassed
on
that
time.”我们在那时十分尴尬。此处考查了time的短语应用，“在那时”应为at
that
time。故将on改为at。
.第九处：“ What
do
you
think
that
we
did
then
”，分析句子，do
you
think是插入语，不做句子成分。What
we
did
then接下来我们做什么，主谓宾都有，that多余，所以去掉that。
10第十处：“We
had
to
speak
sorry
to
the
man.”我们必须给那个人道歉。speak后面跟宾语做及物动词时,宾语一般是某种语言.如:speak
English.speak本身是强调说话的方式.speak常用speak
to
sb。 而say后加的宾语是说话的内容,say强调说话的内容.
【名师点睛】短文改错主要考查考生对文章的理解以及句子结构的分析，考生可以先通读短文，整体把握短文大意再细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。然后逐行修改最后复读全文，验证答案。主要考查动词时态语态、代词的使用、冠词和连词的使用。 动词常见的改错形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。
例如，第2题“
We
drove
to
the
centre
of
the
city
but
stopped
our
car
in
front
of
a
shop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。根据was判断此句整体时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应与整句时态相符，应为过去时。故将have改为had.
2.
【湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I’m
happy
to
have
older
brother.
He’s
caring,
smart
or
responsible.
I’m
proud
in
him,
yet
I
am
always
annoying
him
and
hurt
his
feelings.
But
one
thing
made
me
to
see
how
specially
our
relationship
is,
I
had
a
cousin
which
died
seven
years
ago.
On
the
day
of
his
funeral,
his
sister
says
she
wished
she
had
had
a
better
relationship
with
him.
But
nobody
can
turn
back
the
hand
of
time.
I
don’t
want
this
to
happen
to
my
brother
and
I.
I
will
try
to
be
a
better
sister.
【答案】
第三处：in改为of；考查介词搭配。be
proud
of
sb.“为某人感到骄傲”为固定搭配词组。故in改为of。
第四处：hurt改为hurting；考查动词时态。此处与annoying为并列关系，同为现在进行时，动词形式应保持一致。句意：但是我总是一直烦他、伤他的感情。故hurt改为hurting。
第五处：去掉see前的to；考查动词搭配。make
sb.
do
sth.“让某人做某事”，为固定词组搭配。故去掉see前的to。
第六处：specially改为special；考查形容词。此处修饰our
relationship，应使用形容词形式。故specially改为special。
第七处：which改为who/that；考查定语从句关系词。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词为cousin，连词在从句中作主语。which不能引导修饰人的定语从句。故which改为who/that。
第八处：says改为said；考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的动作，应使用一般过去时。故says改为said。
第九处：hand改为hands；考查习惯表达。句意：但是没有人能让时间倒流。the
hands
of
time时间之手，是习惯表达。故hand改为hands。
第十处：I改为me；考查代词。此处与my
brother作happen
to的并列宾语，应使用宾格。故I改为me。
3.
【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2017届高三第三次模拟】假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。
Dear
Rex,
I’m
sorry
to
hear
that
you
had
a
quarrel
with
your
parent
because
they
had
read
your
diary
with
your
permission.
Don’t
get
annoying
about
it.
I
think
they
do
so
because
they
concerned
about
you.
Please
understand
that
they
love
you.
First
of
all,
you
can
have
a
open
talk
with
them
and
tell
them
it
is
not
good
to
keep
an
eye
on
you
in
this
way,
but
that
you
have
the
right
to
keep
your
own
secrets.
Besides,
you
should
learn
to
communicate
effective
with
them.
Let
them
know
your
ideas,
that
can
avoid
unnecessary
misunderstanding
between
you
and
in
your
parents.
I
wish
you
all
the
best!
【答案】1.
parent
---
parents
2.with
---
without
3.
annoying
---
annoyed
4.
do
---
did
5.
they
/
are
concerned
6.
a
---
an
7.
but
---
and.
8.
effective
---
effectively
9.
which
---
that
10. in
2.“I’m
sorry
to
hear
that
you
had
a
quarrel
with
your
parent
because
they
had
read
your
diary
with
your
permission.”根据句意应是你和你的父母吵架因为他们在没有你的允许下看你的日记。故将with改为without。
3.“
Don’t
get
annoying
about
it”
annoyed表示人本身感到恼怒，annoying表示事情本身令人恼怒。且“get
done”固定用法，故将annoying改为annoyed。
4.“I
think
they
do
so
because
they
concerned
about
you”中“
they
do
so”指代上文“they
had
read
your
diary
with
your
permission” 故应用一般过去式，故将do改为did。
5.“I
think
they
do
so
because
they
concerned
about
you”中“
they
concerned
about
you”缺少谓语，又因主语是复数，故在they 和concerned之间加上are
。
6.“
you
can
have
a
open
talk
with
them”中open是元音开头的单词，故定冠词应用an，故将a 改为an。
7.“
you
can
have
an
open
talk
with
them
and
tell
them
it
is
not
good
to
keep
an
eye
on
you
in
this
way”你可以