unit 2 witnessing time grammar and usage2

课件45张PPT。GrammarThe participle
分词现在分词与过去分词1 构成4 功能2 时态3 语态5 独立结构6 区别一、构成形式现在分词与过去分词的区别a disappointing boy
a disappointed boya moving film
a moved student二、 语法功 能1．作表语
2．作定语
3．作状语
4．作宾语补足语用分词的正确形式填空： 1. We were ________ (excite) with joy at the victory.
2. The news was ________ (excite) to us
3. Nobody was _________ (interest) in the story he told.excitedexcitinginterested1. 分词在句中作表语4. The young lady is well _______ (dress).
5. The problem is ________ (puzzle).dressedpuzzling2.分词结构作定语a) 单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前面分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词的后面eg. The injured man is a bus driver.eg. The man injured in the accident is a bus driver.b)分词作定语与一个定语从句所表示的意思差不多。
eg. What’s the name of the man caught by the police?=What’s the name of the man who was caught by the police?用分词改写下列句子：ExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesThe young man, who was believed to be the son of the detective, was bitten by a snake and died.The young man believed to be the son of the detective was…2)The road which connects the villages is very narrow.3)The people who were invited to the party can’t come.The road connecting the village is very narrow.The people invited to the party can’t come.4)The soldier who was wounded was taken to hospital.5)We met a group of students who were returning from school.The wounded soldier was taken to hospital.We met a group of students returning from school.用分词的正确形式填空：
1) The lake _______ (pollute) by the factory has been cleaned again.
2) There are some children ___________(swim) in the river.
3) The dog _______(tie) to the tree got angry.pollutedswimmingtied4) The machine ________(make) in China has been sent to America.
5) Who were those people _______ (wait) outside? madewaiting ① The question______ at the
meeting yesterday is very
important.
② The question ______ now at the
meeting is very important.
③ The question_____ tomorrow
is very important.
A. discussing
B. discussed
C. being discussed
D. to be discussed3.分词结构作宾补分词作宾补主要出现在特定的动词后Exercises:
用分词的正确形式填空：
1. I noticed the young lady ________(steal) into the office building. 2.I heard the poem ________ (read) aloud.stealingbeing read4.I’ll have a car _______(wait) for you outside the hotel.3. My father had both his legs _______(break) in the accident.5.The horse was kept _______ (run) over four hours.brokenwaitingrunning4.分词结构作状语：分词结构作状语，可表示时间, 原因，条件，让步，伴随和补充说明等，这时分词结构相当于一个状语从句。_______from the mountain, we can
see our school.
_____from the mountain, our school
is very small.SeeingSeenCrossing the road, he was run over by a car.Having done their home-work , the students left the classroom.Having been wounded by the noble, the boy died a few days later.Not knowing English, he could not understand the film.Having lived in Shanghai many years, he knows the place well. Given more time, we could do it better.Working hard all the year round, the poor peasant couldn’t afford to send his children to school. The six blind men stood all day by the roadside, begging for money.Exercises:
用分词改写下列句子：When it is seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.2.As he didn’t know how to work out the problem, he went to ask the teacher.1.The _________ (frighten) girl sat in the corner, ______ (cry).
2._______(leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us.用分词的正确形式填空：frightenedcryingLeaving3._____ (build) in 1922, the bridge is old.
4.The professor came into the office, ________ (follow) a stranger.
5.____ (lead) by the hunter, we went through the forest.
BuiltfollowingLed三、独立结构在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 否则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:独 立 结 构If we are given more time, we will
have an outing tomorrow,
If time permits, we will have an
outing tomorrow.
After we finish the supper, we
started to discuss the picnic.
After supper was finished, we
started to discuss the picnic.
The shower being over, we continued to march.
So many students being absent,
we decided to put the meeting off.
The composition written, he handed it to the teacher.With 复合结构He was asleep with his head on
his arms.
He stared at her with his mouth
open.
I would miss the train, with no one
to wake me up.
With winter coming on, it‘s time to
buy warm clothes.
如何判断独立主格结构和分词短语Having finished his work, he went home
in a hurry.
b.The moon appearing, we decided to
spend the night at the foot of mountain.看其状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语是否
相同。相同者为分词短语作状语，
不同者为独立主格结构作状语。Having done his work, he went to
bed.His work having been done, he
went to bed.Getting up late, Tom didn’t catch
the first bus.
b. With the cup broken, the child was
crying.
c. Without anyone noticing, I slipped
through the window.现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。何为主动关系、被动关系？He hurt his leg badly.
主动关系：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即主谓关系。
被动关系：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即动宾关系。
把握主、被动关系的前提能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活”的-----随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。 1 作状语时
Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up.
Heated, the metal expands.
分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。

2 作宾补时
I saw him reading last night.
His wife found his hair dyed black.
分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。3 作表语时
The film is moving.
The visitors looked surprised.
分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 4 作定语时
This is an interesting book.
The people invited to the party
can’t come.
分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词
（即中心词）。5 用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）
With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air.
It being Sunday, they had no classes.
分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的主语分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语一览表确定分词的使用的具体步骤1、根据句子结构确定分词的语
法成分
2、找准逻辑主语
3、判断主、被动关系
4、选定现在或过去分词要养成“分析句子成分---寻找逻辑主语
---判断主被动关系”这一思维定势Exercises:
1. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given
2. Climbing mountains was ____, so we all felt ____.
A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired
3. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house , ____ by his naughty boy .
A. following ; following B. followed ; followed
C. following ; followed D. followed ; following
4. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.
A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen
5. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery.
A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken
C. looked ; took D. looking ; taking 6. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set ____ when I got home.
A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing
7. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light.
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
8. ____ his head high , the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ____ then .
A. Holding ; being held B. Held ; holding
C. Having held ; held D. Held ; to be held
9. ____ but he still can not understand it.
A. Told many times B. Having been told many times
C. He has been told many times D. Telling him many times
D. Though he had been told many times
10. On hearing the ____ news, I was too ____ to sleep.
A. exciting ; excited B. excited ; exciting
C. exciting ; exciting D. excited ; excited 11._____ rapidly by the body, sugar provides a quick energy source.
A. Digested B. Digesting C. To digest D. Having digested
12.The eighteen-storeyed building, when _____,will shut out the sun ______ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting
C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting
13.The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though _______ everywhere.
A. sought B. having sought C. being sought D. having been sought
14. With you ______ by, I can’t say any more.
stand B. stood C. standing D. to stand
15.Taking this kind of medicine, if __, will surely produce side effect.
A. continue B. having continued C. continuing D. continued
16. ______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ____.
A. Giving, raised B. Given , raised
C. Given, risen D. Giving, rising
17.With winter_____on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
18. ______the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing
C. Has shown D. Having been shown
19.The wallet ____ several days ago was found _____ in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
20.The ground is _____ with _____ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen