初中升高中衔接班讲座-英语共6讲

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容
初升高英语衔接班第4讲
非谓语动词之动词不定式
二. 重、难点
（一）非谓语动词概述
动词在句中除充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。这就是动词的非谓语形式。当句中需要用某种动作作主语、宾语或作某种修饰、说明的成分时，就要用这种形式。动词非谓语形式有三种：
动词不定式to do，分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词，动词非谓语形式不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化，故又称为非限定性动词。
动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语、状语等构成短语。
（二）动词不定式
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词作用，充当谓语以外的各种成分。
1. 作主语：不定式可以直接放在句首做一句话的主语，如：
To learn English is not an easy thing . 学习英语不是一件容易的事。
也可以用it作形式主语，而将不定式充当的真正主语放在后面。如：
It is important to protect our environment . 保护环境是重要的。
2. 作宾语：很多动词后面都可带不定式作宾语，如want , decide , agree , would like , hope , wish等。如：
He wants to visit Nanjing . 他要参观南京。
Mary decided to go alone . 玛丽决定一个人去。
3. 作宾语补足语：这样的动词有want , would like , wish , ask , tell , expect等，但我们需要注意有的动词后带不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语。如“使役动词”：let , have , make+宾语+do，感官动词hear / see / feel / notice …+宾语+do，另外，感官动词还可以加doing作宾语补足语，这时我们要知道与加不带to的不定式之间的区别。如：
I expect you to write to me . 我盼望你给我来信。
I asked him to show me his new dictionary . 我要他给我看看他的新词典。
The landlord made my grandfather work in the field all day .
地主以前让我祖父整天在田里干活。
I often hear her sing when I am free . 当我有空时常听她唱歌。
4. 作表语：如：
My hope is to become an artist . 我的愿望是成为一名艺术家。
The young man seems to be a college graduate . 那个年轻人好像是个大学毕业生。
To see is to believe . 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）
She was seen to enter the hall . 有人看见她到大厅里去了。
注意此句用的是see的被动语态，它的主动语态是see sb. do sth.的短语，这种在主动语态中不带to的不定式作宾补的动词，在被动中要还原to。
5. 作定语：动词不定式作定语时，不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间一般有三种关系：
（1）动宾关系：即动词不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：
She has a lot of homework to do . 她有很多作业要做。
句中不定式to do与homework之间构成动宾关系。
注意：当作定语的不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，不定式后面要加适当的介词。如：
He needed a chair to sit on . 他需要一把椅子坐。
I want a pen to write with . 我要一支笔写字。
（2）主谓关系：中心词与不定式所表示的动作之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即中心词是不定式动作的发出者。如：
She is always the first to come to school. 她总是第一个到学校来。
句中的the first是to come to school这一动作逻辑上的主语，即这个动作的发出者。
（3）同位关系：作定语的不定式是对中心词内容的解释和说明。如：
This is the best way to solve the problem . 这是解决问题的最好办法。
句中的way的内容是to solve the problem，二者之间是同位的关系。
6. 作状语：不定式在句中一般可作三种状语：目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。
（1）作目的状语：这时不定式前面还可加上in order和so as，构成in order to do和so as to do的形式，意为“为了……；以便于……”，作目的状语的动词不定式可放在句首，也可放在句尾。如：
In order to get there on time , he started very early . 为了能按时到那儿，他很早便动身了。
She came here to visit some friends . 她来到这儿是为了拜访一些朋友。
此外，我们还需注意，不定式作目的状语构成的简单句可以与in order that …和so that…引导的目的状语从句之间进行互换。如：
He started very early so that / in order that he could get there on time .
（2）作结果状语：不定式作结果状语常用于too…to和enough to…的结构中，此外，还有only to…也表示结果。如：
He is too young to go to school . 他年龄太小，不能上学。
Xiao Ming is old enough to join the army . 小明到了参军的年龄。
I went to the cinema in a hurry only to find that the film had already finished .
我匆匆忙忙地赶到电影院，结果却发现电影已经结束了。
（3）作原因状语：
作原因状语的不定式常出现在表示情感的形容词后面，表示产生这种情感的原因。如：
My father was surprised to hear the news .
我父亲听到这个消息，感到惊奇。
I’m sorry to hear that . 听到这件事，我感到很遗憾/抱歉。
I’m happy to see you . 见到你我很高兴。
7. 不定式的否定形式：在to前加not即可。如：
He decided not to take up the job . 他决定不干这个工作。
The teacher told him not to be late again . 老师告诉他别再迟到了。
8. “疑问词+不定式”结构：
（1）常用于此结构的动词有：tell , teach , know , learn , wonder , show , ask等，这些词后面可以接宾语从句，当主句与从句的主语一致时，后面的宾语从句可简化成“疑问词+不定式”的结构。如：
I want to know how I can get there . = I want to know how to get there .
我想知道怎样去那儿。
（2）当动词tell , ask , show , teach等后带双宾语且直接宾语是从句时，当宾语从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可以转换成“疑问词+不定式”的结构。如：
Please tell me where I can find her . = Please tell me where to find her .
请告诉我到哪儿能找到她。
9. 作简短回答时或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式可省略to后的动词，但不定式的标志“to”不可以省略。如：
—Did you go to see the Great Wall
—No , I wanted to（go to see it）, but there wasn’t time .
你游览长城了吗？没有，我想去（游览长城），但是没时间。
Will you help me —I’ll try to（help you）.
你愿意帮助我吗？我会尽力而为。（但不一定能做到）
10. 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或谓语动词的宾语，需要在这一逻辑主语前加for。如：
I opened the door for her to come in . 我开了门让她进来。（不定式的逻辑主语是her）
试比较：
I want to open the door . 我要开门。（动词不定式to open的逻辑主语是I）
I want him to open the door . 我要他把门打开。（to open的逻辑主语是谓语want的宾语him）
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. After school we usually play basketball for half an hour on playground .
A. the ; the B. / ; / C. / ; the D. the ; /
2. There are few in the fridge . Let’s go and buy some peas , carrots and cabbages .
A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs
3. About of the workers in the clothes factory are women .
A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth
4. The two little girls are crying . cannot find mother .
A. She , her B. They , them C. They , their D. They , her
5. Jim always comes to school of all because he has to open the door for others .
A. early B. earlier C. most early D. earliest
6. — were you away from school last year
—About two weeks .
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. When
7. We have four classes the morning and then have a rest noon .
A. in ; in B. in ; at C. on ; at D. at ; in
8. —What are you going to do in the future
—I’d like to be a doctor you are .
A. so B. as C. what D. when
9. —Can you go swimming with us this afternoon
—Sorry , I can’t . I take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill .
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
10. —I wonder where I could find something about the Museum of Natural History .
—Why on the Internet There’s a lot of information there .
A. don’t go B. not to go C. not going D. not go
11. He finished the book yesterday evening .
A. seeing B. watching C. reading D. looking
12. Where Jane and Kate Oh , they to the reading-room .
A. is ; went B. were ; are going C. are ; have been D. are ; have gone
13. He something important when suddenly something a very loud noise outside .
A. was thought ; made B. thought ; was making
C. was thinking ; made D. was thinking ; was making
14. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week .
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will given
15. Don’t your coat , Tom ! It’s easy to catch cold in spring .
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
16. There is a beautiful clock on the wall ,
A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it
17. There a lot of important news in today’s newspapers .
A. are B. is C. were D. is going to have
18. Could you tell me
A. where can I buy this kind of CD player
B. where could I buy this kind of CD player
C. I can buy this kind of CD player where
D. where I can buy this kind of CD player
19. Could you tell me
A. when will Tom come back B. when does Tom come back
C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back
20. —Would you like this skirt , Madam
—Mmm ! Very nice ! I’ll take .
A. this B. it C. them D. those
21. I don’t think the number of people this happens is very large .
A. who B. to which C. that D. to whom
22. Shanghai lies the east of China .
A. to B. in C. on D. at
23. —Oh , it’s late at nigh . We must go to bed now .
— .
A. Good morning B. Goodbye C. Good night D. Good evening
24. —If you don’t like the red coat , take the blue one .
—OK , but do you have size in blue This one’s a bit tight for me .
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
综合练习（二）
1. She has orange skirt , skirt is nice .
A. a ; the B. an ; the C. an ; a D. the ; the
2. Mr. Green has lived in the hotel since he came to China .
A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star’s D. five stars
3. About people are in the People’s Park at weekends .
A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of
4. —There isn’t water here . Could you get for me
—All right .
A. some ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any D. any ; some
5. Now the air in our hometown is than it was before . Something must be done .
A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worse
6. Lucy and I are classmates . We in Class One .
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
7. —Your coat looks very nice . What is it made
—Cotton . And it is made Shanghai .
A. in ; by B. from ; by C. by ; in D. of ; in
8. —What do you like doing after class
—I like not only reading painting .
A. and B. but also C. or D. for
9. “ What I do for you ” means “ I help you ”
A. can , May B. shall , Need C. can , Shall D. will , Shall
10. Sorry , I can’t hear you clearly . Will you please your e-mail address I’ll write it down .
A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat
11. —It’s too hot . Would you mind the door
— . Please do it now .
A. to open ; OK B. opening ; Certainly not
C. opening ; Of course D. to open ; Good idea
12. — you your clothes
—Yes .
—When you it
A. Have ; washed ; did ; wash B. Did ; washed ; did ; wash
C. Have ; washed ; have ; washed D. Do ; wash ; did ; wash
13. I a magazine（杂志）when the teacher up to me .
A. was reading ; came B. read ; was coming
C. was reading ; was coming D. read ; came
14. Mr. Chen has a loud voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom .
A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard
15. After years of hard work , his dream in the end .
A. came out B. came true C. came over D. came up
16. The computer is very useful in our life , it
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t D. doesn’t
17. Both Kate and I ready for the picnic now .
A. is not B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting
18. She said she me five letters in one month .
A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote
19. The poor man ate a big breakfast he said he wasn’t hungry .
A. since B. because C. though D. for
20. How far is from Beijing Shanghai
A. it ; to B. this ; till C. that ; till D. / ; to
21. We are talking about Tonny , you met yesterday .
A. whom B. which C. that D. with who
22. —
—I have a headache , doctor .
A. What’s the trouble B. What wrong with you
C. What’s your name D. What matter
23. The children planted more trees and flowers after they Greener China .
A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were
24. They planted trees . Each time trees were planted .
A. twice a year ; thousands of B. two times a year ; two thousand
C. twice every year ; two thousands of D. two times each year ; two thousand
综合练习（三）
1. Look , you missed “ l ” in word “ could ” .
A. a ; the B. a ; a C. an ; the D. an ; a
2. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .
A. family B. house C. home D. room
3. —Which is the smallest number of the four
— .
A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths
4. of them has a dictionary and one of them can look up words in the dictionary .
A. Each ; every B. Every ; each C. Each ; each D. Every ; every
5. —Is the physics problem
—Yes . I can work it out .
A. easy ; easily B. easy ; easy C. easily ; easy D. easily ; easily
6. We have never seen film before . It’s very interesting .
A. so a good B. a so good C. such a good D. a such good
7. —What did Mary have breakfast this morning
—She was late for school and hurried off breakfast .
A. for ; without B. at ; without C. for ; after D. at ; after
8. Get up early tomorrow , you can’t get there before seven .
A. so B. but C. and D. or
9. —Must I hand in the exercise-book now
—No , you . You hand it in tomorrow .
A. mustn’t ; need B. mustn’t ; may C. can’t ; may D. needn’t ; may
10. Excuse me . Would you please tell me buy a digital camera
A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I
11. He Mr. Hu to give him some work during the holiday .
A. want ; to do B. wants ; to do C. ask ; to do D. hopes ; do
12. They good friends since they know each other .
A. were ; were B. were ; had C. had been ; did D. have been ; got to
13. listen to the radio while you your homework .
A. Don’t ; are doing B. Not ; do C. Aren’t ; are doing D. Not to ; do
14. The APEC meeting in Shanghai last autumn . I hear it in different countries every year .
A. is held ; is held B. was held ; is held C. was held ; has held D. is held ; was held
15. Could you tell me something more about Hong Kong I’m going there for a holiday soon .
A. looking up B. thinking about C. trying out D. finding out
16. Neither of them is right ,
A. is he B. isn’t he C. aren’t they D. is it
17. The mother with little son at my home that snowy night .
A. were ; at B. was ; at C. were ; on D. was ; on
18. The woman still doesn’t know what in her hometown while she was away .
A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened
19. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it tomorrow .
A. don’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t rain
20. is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall .
A. This B. It C. That D. Its
21. It Mike and Lily helped the old woman yesterday .
A. were ; who B. were ; whom C. was ; who D. was ; whose
22. Would you please show me the printing machine
A. how can I use B. what can I use C. how to use D. what to use
23. —Hello . May I speak to Mike
— . Please call back later .
A. Wait a minute B. Hold on for a moment C. Speaking D. Sorry , he is out
24. The little boy when he said he had in bed all the morning .
A. lied ; lay B. lay ; lied C. lied ; lain D. lay ; had lied
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1—5 CACCD 6—10 CBBDD 11—15 CDCCB 16—20 ABDCB
21—24 DBCB
综合练习（二）
1—5 BACDD 6—10 DDBAD 11—15 BAABB 16—20 ACCCA
21—24 AAAA
综合练习（三）
1—5 CCCAA 6—10 CADDB 11—15 BDABB 16—20 ADBCB
21—24 CCDC
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
6. 答案：C。此题考查由how构成的疑问词之间的区别。how often是用来提问频率的，how soon是用“in+一段时间”来回答，how long是用“for+一段时间”来回答，此题答语就是一段时间，因而选C。而D项则是对一个时间点进行提问。
21. 选择D。这是一道定语从句的练习。从句中缺少的成份是“to+宾语”（happen to sb.指“某事发生在某人身上”，）先行词为people指代人，这样就应为可指人又可充当宾语的关系词应为whom，所以D（to whom）正确。
综合练习（二）
11. 选择B。此题考的第一个知识点是动词mind的用法：mind+doing另外，如果表示不介意应用含有否定意义的词。因而只有B符合要求。
21. 选择A。这是一个带有非限定性定语从句的句子，在非限定性定语从句中不能用关系词that，这句话先行词为Tonny，指代人，且在从句中关系词充当“met”（遇见）的宾语，因此可用who或whom选项中只有whom，因而选A答案。
综合练习（三）
4. 选择A。考查each和every的区别，every后不可加of短语，each后可加of短语。every one后可以加of短语，因而选A。
10. 选择B。此题考查宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”结构，动词tell后面可加从句作宾语，但宾语从句要求用陈述句语序，D答案不合要求，而C答案在意思上不正确；tell后还可常“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，综合全句的意思应为“Where to buy …”，所以选B答案。
【励志故事】
驴的哲学
有一天某个农夫的一头驴子，不小心掉进一口枯井里，农夫绞尽脑汁想办法救出驴子，但几个小时过去了，驴子还在井里痛苦地哀嚎着。
最后，这位农夫决定放弃，他想这头驴子年纪大了，不值得大费周章去把它救出来，不过无论如何，这口井还是得填起来。于是农夫便请来左邻右舍帮忙一起将井中的驴子埋了，以免除它的痛苦。
农夫的邻居们人手一把铲子，开始将泥土铲进枯井中。当这头驴子了解到自己的处境时，刚开始哭得很凄惨。但出人意料的是，一会儿之后这头驴子就安静下来了。农夫好奇地探头往井底一看，出现在眼前的景象令他大吃一惊：
当铲进井里的泥土落在驴子的背部时，驴子的反应令人称奇──它将泥土抖落在一旁，然后站到铲进的泥土堆上面！
就这样，驴子将大家铲倒在它身上的泥土全数抖落在井底，然后再站上去。很快地，这只驴子便得意地上升到井口，然后在众人惊讶的表情中快步地跑开了！
温馨提示：就如驴子的情况，在生命的旅程中，有时候我们难免会陷入“枯井”里，会被各式各样的“泥沙”倾倒在我们身上，而想要从这些“枯井”脱困的秘诀就是：将“泥沙”抖落掉，然后站到上面去！
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【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容
初升高英语衔接班第2讲
初中基础知识疏理（2）
二. 重、难点
有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理：
1. 简单句：
（1）定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句，如：We learn English . 我们学英语。（一个主语和一个谓语）
Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .
小张和小王都是北京人。（一个并列主语和一个谓语）
He once lived and worked here .
他曾经在这里居住和工作过。（一个主语和一个并列谓语）
My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening .
我父母早上七点上班，晚上八点回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语）
（2）分类：上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述；另外，根据句子的功能或使用目的，简单句可分四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
2. 并列句：
（1）定义：用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。
（2）并列句的构成：简单句+连接词+简单句
（3）连接并列句常用的连接词：and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。
eg.
I help her and she helps me . 我帮她，她帮我。
He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。
We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。
This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .
这个姑娘工作认真，从不出差错。
Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday .
吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory .
理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他该受责备，就是我该受责备。
注意：连接词so除起连接并列句作用外，兼有结果意味；有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：
He can swim , so can I . 他会游泳，我也会。（so代替swim）
Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air .
铁是一种物质，水和空气也是物质。（so在后一句中起表语作用）
3. 主从复合句
（1）定义：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体，从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。
（2）状语从句：状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。在初中阶段我们主要学习了以下几种状语从句：
① 时间状语从句：常见引导词：when（当……时），as（一边……一边，当……时），while（在……过程中），before（在……以前），after（在……之后），since（自从……以来），till（until）（直到……，直到……才），as soon as（一……就……）等。
进入高中阶段之后，我们还会再见到另外一些常用的连接词。在由以上连接词或词组连接的主从复合句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和从句谓语动词所表示的动作有时是同时发生、有时是先后发生。因此，在理解和运用带时间状语从句的主从复合句时，要根据连接词所表示的不同时间意义，特别注意主句和从句的谓语动词的时态。这是掌握时间状语从句的关键。
② 原因状语从句：常由because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）等连接词引导。
eg.
He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio .
他没听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。
Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English .
既然你今天休息，你最好帮我学习英语。
As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip .
由于天气好，他们决定作一次短途旅行。
③ 地点状语从句：
常由where（在……地方），wherever（无论……在哪儿）等连接词引导。
如：
I’ll go where work conditions are difficult . 我愿意到工作条件困难的地方去。
Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul .
无论你在哪里工作，你都应该全心全意为人民服务。
④ 条件状语从句：常由if（假如，如果），unless（除非）等连接词或连接词组引导。如：
If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along
如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗？
He is sure to come unless he has some urgent work to do at home .
除非他家里有急事要办，不然他一定会来的。
⑤ 比较或方式状语从句：常由as…as（像…一样），than（比），the…the（越……就越），as（正如），as if（似乎，好象）等引导。如：
I know you better than she does . 我比她更了解你。
The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get . 你实践得越多，你得到的知识就越多。
You should study English as hard as Mary does .
你应该像玛丽那样努力学习英语。
The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .
这位老人跑得很快，简单像个年轻人。（在以as if连接的从句中，谓语动词用过去式，系动词were可用于所有人称，表示虚拟语气，而不是真实情况。）
⑥ 目的状语从句：常由so（使得），that（以便），so that（为了，使得），in order that（这样……就）等来引导。如：
They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time .
他们很早出发，以便及时赶到车站。
She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class . 她在课上认真记笔记，以便能在课下利用它们复习功课。
⑦ 结果状语从句：常由so（结果），so that（结果），so…that（such…that）（如此……以致……）等连接词引导。如：
Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人帮忙，结果工作及时完成。
He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in class .
他作业完成得很好，结果他的老师在班上表扬了他。
The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much .
这部电影这么有趣（以致于）我非常喜欢它。
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away . 这是一个很重的箱子，谁也搬不走。
⑧ 让步状语从句：常由though（although）（虽然……但……），even if（即使），however（不管怎样），whatever（无论什么），no matter how（who…）（不管多么……）（无论谁……）等连接词或连接词组引导。如：
He went to school , though he was ill . 虽然他病了，但还是去上学了。（注意：有（al）though的句子，就有“虽……但是”的含义，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet，still等。）
She carried on the job even if she had a bad cold . 即使她患了重感冒，她还是坚持工作。
However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .
无论我怎么做，都算不出这道数学题来。
Whatever you say , I will not change my mind . 不论你怎么说，我都不会改变主意。
He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is .
不论天气多冷，他都坚持在冬天进行体育锻炼。
No matter who asks her for help , she is ready to help . 无论谁请她帮忙，她都愿意帮助。
（3）定语从句：
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who , whom , whose , which , that等。这些是我们在初中已学习过的，对于它们的用法已经在以前的讲解中多次提到过，主要掌握它们指代人还是物，在句中可以充当什么成分。
引导定语从句的关系副词有where , when , why等，这些是高中要学习的内容，在后面的讲解中我们会渗透其用法及定语从句其他内容。
（4）名词性从句：
在主从复合句中，从句可以起主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语作用在多数情况下，这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以起这四种成分作用的从句统称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的关联词有：连接词that , whether , if；疑问代词who , what , which , whose；疑问副词when , where , how , why等。在这四种从句中，我们已学过的是宾语从句，其他三种在课文中偶尔出现过，只要求理解，宾语从句是必须掌握的内容，对于它的三要素也已多次复习过，请同学们认真学习并将有关练习题做好，为今后学习其他三种名词性从句打好基础。
【模拟试题】
主从复合句（一）
宾语从句：
1. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk .
A. that B. where C. which D. what
2. Could you tell me I’m his old friend .
A. where does Jim live B. when will Jim come back
C. where Jim has gone D. how is Jim
3. I’m sorry I can’t decide to do .
A. what B. how C. when D. where
4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .
A. when B. where C. whether D. that
5. He hasn’t decide .
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Hainan B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan
C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan
6. Do you know the population of Shenyang
A. what is B. how much is C. what are D. how many are
7. I don’t know when . When he , I’ll let you know .
A. will he come , will come B. he will come , comes
C. he comes , will come D. does he come , comes
8. Do you know if back next week If he back , please let me know .
A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come
9. —Can you guess if they to play basketball with us
—I think they will come if they free .
A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be
10. —Do you know I’m going to see him .
—Sorry , I don’t know .
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
11. Could you tell me
A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for
C. where the bus station is D. why were you late
12. —What did your son say in the letter
—He told me that he the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
13. You must remember .
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book .
A. that B. how C. what D. if
15. —Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane
—Certainly . Go straight along here .
A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can
16. —Be careful ! Don’t break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David
—Yes , mum .
A. what B. that C. why D. if
17. —Do you know
—He’s Tom’s father .
A. who is he B. what he is C. what’s he D. who he is
18. I’d like to know .
A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education
C. that he has been busy
D. whether she will join in our English Evening
19. The students are studying hard , for they know .
A. what are they studying for B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for D. why they are studying for
20. Will you please tell me
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
21. —Where does he come from
—Pardon
—I asked where .
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night
A. is there B. there is going to have
C. there is going to be D. will there be
23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year .
A. built B. will build C. will be built D. would be built
24. She said she hoped her soon .
A. him to see B. he would see C. him seeing D. he is seeing
主从复合句（二）
状语从句：
1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .
A. so , as B. so , that C. as , as D. too , to
2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it .
A. when B. after C. before D. till
3. —What are you going to do in the future
—I’d like to be a doctor you are .
A. so B. as C. what D. when
4. He wait until the rain .
A. won’t , will stop B. won’t , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop
5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .
A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had
6. —Is David at school today
—No . He is at home he has a bad cold .
A. because B. if C. though D. until
7. We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday .
A. won’t rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesn’t rain
8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school .
A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether
9. he’s very young , he knows several languages .
A. Though , but B. Because , so C. Though , / D. Because , /
10. I was cleaning my room Tom called me .
A. when B. until C. while D. if
11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesn’t rain tomorrow .
A. until B. before C. as D. if
12. I was reading a newspaper he came in .
A. as soon as B. since C. while D. when
13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn’t hungry .
A. if B. though C. because D. as
14. You’d better do it your mother did .
A. when B. as C. like D. because
15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city .
A. before B. since C. while D. as soon as
16. all the passengers are here . Why don’t we start at once .
A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When
17. I’ll come to see you I’m free next Sunday .
A. until B. after C. if D. before
18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework .
A. when B. because C. if D. after
19. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .
—Yes . But if it , we’ll visit the museum instead .
A. you have , will rain B. you will have , will rain
C. you will have , rains D. will you have , rains
20. I don’t go to bed I finish my homework .
A. until B. when C. after D. since
21. I don’t know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish .
A. rains , rains B. rains , will rain C. will rain , rains D. will rain , will rain
22. They were doing maths exercises I left .
A. before B. until C. when D. as soon as
23. Mr. Green doesn’t climb down the chimney until the children .
A. fall asleep B. were asleep C. go to bed D. are sleeping
24. I’ll catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line .
A. reach B. is reaching C. reaches D. will reach
主从复合句（三）
定语从句：
1. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best .
A. who B. which C. where D. whose
2. This is the man last night .
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw
C. which I saw D. who I saw him
3. Do you know the man spoke just now
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn’t expected（预料）.
A. when B. that C. which D. it
5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan .
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
7. This is the very boy I have been looking for .
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
8. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that the reason you had a few days off
A. why B. when C. what D. where
9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French .
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan .
A. that B. whom C. which D. /
11. I don’t like such a person often lies before your face .
A. what B. that C. as D. which
12. The trees were planted last year grow well .
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here .
A. which B. that C. who D. they
14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .
A. who B. that C. which D. Both B and C
15. He is not the man he used to be .
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
16. I lost the book my sister bought last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
17. He is one of the students who praised by the teacher .
A. were B. was C. have D. has
18. The village he lives is very beautiful .
A. in that B. in whom C. in which D. that
19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month .
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
20. Mary likes to eat food has chocolate in it .
A. that B. it C. those D. this
21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing .
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day .
A. which attracts B. which attract C. that attract D. it attracts
23. Which of the following sentence is right
A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him .
B. I hate people that talk much but do little .
C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it .
D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing .
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week
A. what B. that C. where D. when
【试题答案】
（一）
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C
9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A
17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B
（二）
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B
9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C
17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
（三）
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D
17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B
【试题分析】
主从复合句（一）宾语从句
7. 选择B。此题第一个空的when引导的是宾语从句，其时态因主句是一般现在时而要根据从句本身所要表示的情况确定时态，此句意思是“我不知道他什么时候要来”，应为将来时；而第二个空前的when引导的是时间状语从句，又表示的是还没发生的事，因此符合主将从现的时态要求，故从句用一般现在时，选择B。类似的题还有8和9。
15. 选择B。此题首先考查宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、C。又因为回答“一直沿着这走，”所以选how引导的宾语从句。
主从复合句（二）状语从句
1. 选择B。此句意为“山太险太陡峭了以至于我们城市里几乎没有人能登上山顶。”因而选“so…that…”，“too…to”后面连接不定式构成简单句式，与题不符。
16. 选择C。此处的now that意为“既然”此句意为“既然所有的乘客都在这，我们为何不马上启程呢？”
主从复合句（三）定语从句
4. 选择C。此句主从句之间有逗号分开，且从句并非主句必要成份，属于非限制性定语从句，应由which来引导，不可用that。
8. 选择A。reason做先行词，其后定语从句又缺少原因状语，故用why这一关系副词。
【励志故事】
生命的价值
在一次讨论会上，一位著名的演说家没讲一句开场白，手里却高举着一张20美元的钞票。
面对会议室里的200个人，他问：“谁要这20美元？”一只只手举了起来。他接着说：“我打算把这20美元送给你们中的一位，但在这之前，请准许我做一件事。”他说着将钞票揉成一团，然后问：“谁还要？”仍有人举起手来。
他又说：“那么，假如我这样做又会怎么样呢？”他把钞票扔到地上，又踏上一只脚，并且用脚碾它。尔后他拾起钞票，钞票已变得又脏又皱。
“现在谁还要？”还是有人举起手来。
“朋友们，你们已经上了一堂很有意义的课。无论我如何对待那张钞票，你们还是想要它，因为它并没贬值，它依旧值20美元。人生路上，我们会无数次被自己的决定或碰到的逆境击倒、欺凌甚至碾得粉身碎骨。我们觉得自己似乎一文不值。但无论发生什么，或将要发生什么，在上帝的眼中，你们永远不会丧失价值。在他看来，肮脏或洁净，衣着齐整或不齐整，你们依然是无价之宝。”
温馨提示：生命的价值不依赖我们的所作所为，也不仰仗我们结交的人物，而是取决于我们本身！我们是独特的——永远不要忘记这一点！
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
初升高英语衔接班第1讲
二. 重、难点：
（一）认识初、高中英语的区别
即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：
1. 课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按版块划分，大体为“Warming up”（热身），即是针对本单元的话题提出的一些问题，以练习口语的形式做引子，便于进入本单元的主题，然后为“listening”（听力）和“speaking”（说），这两部分都是旨在进一步提高我们的听、说能力，难度较初中有较大的提高，请同学们做好准备。下个部分就是“Reading”了，高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，可以说在内容上是极大地丰富了。除此之外还会有稍短的阅读，写作等方面的练习，即“Integrating skills”（综合训练）当然书后的workbook也与初中不同，内容更为丰富，练习也更多。
2. 在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。
另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。
3. 在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。
4. 在课堂要求上的区别：大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的，而这种严格与小学又是不同的，所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来，在稍微宽松的环境中，对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现，而升入高中后又会有新的变化，对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的；如果你是不太自觉的学生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交给老师的作业，那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种，都要持之以恒，千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成绩，也没有理由沾沾自喜。
5. 在考试评估制度上的区别：这一区别可能是影响最大的一点，我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中这种不正常的考试制度，很多人认为英语不用下功夫学，反正最后背背答案就可过关，这样成绩不错，学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法，初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了，这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的，这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁，肯定会感到很难，很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有范围的，不能靠背答案过关，而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的，难度肯定不小，但同学们也不要害怕，只要认真努力，坚持不懈，做好充分迎接失败的心理准备，然后在每次经历中吸取经验，一点点地弥补自己的不足，肯定会取得很好的成绩。
（二）基础语法再回顾——句子结构
英语的句子结构组成是与汉语有着很大区别的，我们在学习的时候，很多同学受母语的影响太大，在英文写作时完全按照汉语的顺序将英文进行堆砌，这是因为我们对于英文句子的构成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟练，没有形成英语语言习惯。规范的英文是由“主语+谓语+其他”。这种基本形式构成的，这种只有一套主、谓的句子叫做简单句，它有5种基本形式，即主+谓（vi.）；主+系+表；主+谓（vt.）+宾；主+谓+宾+宾补；主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。由此可见，要想用英文正确表述一个意思，写成一句话，必须要有的就是主语和可以充当谓语的动词，而且当这个动词为不及物动词时，其后不可加宾语，当它是及物动词时，要根据要求和该词的用法在其后加上宾语或宾语及宾补或加上双宾语。当然在这5种形式中系表结构也是很常用，很重要的一种，而且系表动词常容易和实义动词相混，从而导致了一些病句的出现。综上所述，我们要想较好地掌握英文的句子结构必须弄清以下几点内容：
1. 可以充当谓语的几种形式：
既然谓语部分是构成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了举足轻重的作用，谓语部分可由以下几种构成方式：
（1）不及物动词可以单独充当谓语。
如：
They arrived yesterday .
（2）及物动词要加上宾语之后才可构成完整的结构，另外，如果不及物动词后加上了一定的介词，那么介词后也要有宾语才能完整。
如：
They reached Tianjin yesterday .
They arrived in Tianjin yesterday .
他们昨天到达了天津。
（3）系表结构可以构成谓语。
如：She is a student . 她是个学生。
He felt very happy . 他感到很高兴。
（4）情态动词要加上动词原形后才可构成完整的谓语部分。
如：
We should protect our environment . 我们应该保护环境。
那么，动词的哪些形式可构成谓语呢？
① 行为动词的原形：do
② 行为动词的第三人称单数：does
③ 行为动词的过去式：did
④ be+行为动词-ing形式：be doing
⑤ be+行为动词的过去分词：be done
⑥ will+行为动词原词：will do
⑦ have / has / had+行为动词过去分词：have / has / had done
⑧ 系表动词+表语
2. 系表动词与行为动词的区别：
系表动词是表示状态变化等的动词，它包括be动词及一些可充当系表动词的实义动词，其中后者在充当系表动词时含义与充分行为动词时是不同的。系表动词后面接的是表语，而可以充当表语的是一些可以表示状态、特征、特性等内容的词或结构，如形容词、名词、介词短语一些副词、从句等等。这里我们尤其要注意的就是可充当表语的一些副词指的是可以表征状态特点的副词，如：
Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“结束了，完了”的这种状态。而很多副词并没有这种功能，自然也就不可以充当表语，如happy和happily，前者为形容词可表示主语的状态，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修饰动作，而非表示状态，因而，前者可作表语，后者则不可充当表语。
行为动词则是指描述具体或抽象行为、动作的动词，它可分为及物动词和不及物动词两种，如果想修饰这样的动词，则需要像happily这样的副词或是有相似的功能的词或结构。
如：
She went home happily . 她高兴地回家了。
He did it with great difficulty . 我费了很大劲才完成了这件事。
3. 要掌握准动词的性质、用法及搭配：
在学习动词时，尤其是重点动词，我们一定要知道它是哪种动词，及物？不及物？可否充当系表动词？有的动词性质较多，可能同时具有多种性质，这就需要我们注意它在何时可充当哪种动词。另外，对于动词的用法我们也要掌握，如每个动词后可带或常带什么结构，它有哪些习惯搭配，可构成什么词组等。
4. 在写简单句时的方法：
我们要注意简单句的顺序一般应为主、谓、宾，而一些状语如时间、地点方式等等状语则要放到主要结构后面出现。当然，有时为了强调或语言的表达需要，状语的位置会有所变化，但我们在写句子时一定要把握好以上原则，而不能按照汉语去逐个翻译。如“我们骑车去上学。”这个句子如果按照汉语习惯很可能会写成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能还会写出类似这样的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等错误的句子。但如果我们按照英文习惯来写就不会出现以上错误了，主语We+谓语go to school+状语by bike也就是We go to school by bike .
【模拟试题】
词语辨析（一）
1. — Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata
— Yes , it really beautiful .
A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears
2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time .
A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes
3. — Oh , you painted the walls yourself
— Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didn’t much .
A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay
4. Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck .
A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought
5. They will Guangzhou tonight .
A. arrive B. get C. reach D. go
6. — Do you still have a headache , Billy
— No , it’s . I’m all right now , mum .
A. dropped B. run C. left D. gone
7. It will about half an hour to get to the park by bus .
A. spend B. cost C. want D. take
8. I didn’t quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again
A. catch , speak B. hear , talk C. follow , explain D. listen , say
9. — will you finish your homework
— In half an hour .
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. What time
10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it .
A. join B. join in C. take part D. attend
11. It’s going to rain . We’d better our things , so that they will not get wet .
A. put up B. put down C. put away D. put in
12. — Where can we get a football
— Let’s .
A. lend Jim one B. lend one to Jim
C. borrow one from Jim D. borrow one of Jim
13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher .
A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real
14. It’s that some foreign students will come to our school next week .
A. sure B. right C. real D. true
15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan .
A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. to the end
16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination .
A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasant
17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting .
A. live B. lively C. living D. alive
18. — When is he going to leave
— next week .
A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Some times
19. What words can you talk about the picture
A. used to B. use to C. look for D. look up
20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down
21. — Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008
— I don’t think so . Now the young the old can speak some English .
A. either , or B. not only , but also C. neither , nor D. both , or
22. — Look ! The bus is coming .
— But there are too many people . We can’t it .
A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up
23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out
24. — Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please
— , please .
A. Call on B. Go on C. Hold on D. Carry on
词语辨析（二）
1. Don’t the road when the light is red .
A. across B. cross C. pass D. past
2. I’m thirsty . Please me something to drink .
A. take B. bring C. carry D. show
3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day .
A. like B. love C. want D. think
4. This digital camera is so expensive that I can’t it .
A. carry B. use C. pay D. afford
5. I’m not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf .
A. feel B. take C. arrive D. reach
6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us
A. follow B. share C. join D. enjoy
7. I you a pleasant journey .
A. wish B. hope C. expect D. want
8. What would you like to us about your hometown
A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say
9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong .
A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say
10. Did you your pen-friend every month
A. heard about B. hear from C. heard of D. hear to
11. This is very difficult . I can’t work it out .
A. math B. physics C. question D. problem
12. The young lady over there our new English teacher .
A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can be
13. We should keep in the reading-room .
A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly
14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but she
nothing .
A. looked , saw B. saw , saw C. watched , looked D. looked , find
15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio .
A. turn on B. put down C. turn down D. put on
16. It’s not polite to others when they are in trouble .
A. get on well with B. play games with C. laugh at D. wait for
17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him .
A. went over B. fell behind C. put off D. dropped off
18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian .
A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up
19. — Can I use the expression in the text
— No . It has . Nobody uses it today .
A. given up B. broken down C. gone out D. got off
20. I don’t know Sam’s telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me
A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look at it
21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly .
A. went on B. went over C. went down D. went out
22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes .
A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about
23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home .
A. look at B. take out C. look for D. take care of
24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .
A. get in B. get on C. get back D. get to
词语辨析（三）
1. Let’s him a message to meet us at the station .
A. take B. get C. leave D. receive
2. Never forget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody .
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 .
A. had B. went C. fought D. lasted
4. The girl’s team us in the football match .
A. beat B. knock C. hit D. won
5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said .
A. touch B. catch C. hear D. find
6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone .
A. learn B. hear C. see D. understand
7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers .
A. carry B. take C. accept D. keep
8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people .
A. keep B. have C. hold D. fill
9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school .
A. fast B. quick C. rapid D. soon
10. Many people were burnt to in the fire .
A. die B. dead C. death D. dying
11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .
A. family B. house C. home D. room
12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into .
A. space B. sky C. heaven D. universe
13. Tom’s ill in hospital and his mother is him .
A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after
14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China .
A. put up B. put off C. sent up D. sent away
15. The students in our class very well with each other .
A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get to
16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table .
A. ate up B. looked up C. took up D. ate out
17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me
A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up
18. You may and then decide if you’ll buy it .
A. try on it B. try out it C. try it on D. try it out
19. — What’s wrong with your aunt , Bill
— She’s very ill . A doctor must be .
A. sent back B. sent up C. sent away D. sent for
20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education .
A. set up B. set out C. put down D. put on
21. “ Get a ladder , please . I can’t . ” Jim said in a tall tree .
A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over
22. — Did Jack come for the meeting last night
— No . He was so tired that he soon in his room .
A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over
23. If you don’t know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .
A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out
24. Please the TV . I’d like to see the TV play .
A. turn up B. turn on C. turn down D. turn off
词语辨析（四）
1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others .
A. noise B. noisy C. voice D. sound
2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us .
A. smile B. smiling C. laugh D. laughing
3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him .
A. have to B. must C. don’t have to D. mustn’t
4. I’m sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School .
A. win B. beat C. lose D. fail
5. It took her afternoon to check out information .
A. the whole , the all B. the whole , all the
C. whole , all the D. whole the , the all
6. Could you please help me the children
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress in
7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital .
A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn’t return
8. Jack , all the things on the desk .
A. puts away B. put away C. puts on D. took away
9. , young man ! If you’re late for work again , you’ll lose your job .
A. Watch your step B. Take it easy C. Use your head D. Have a look
10. — I’m going to school now . Bye , Mum .
— Wait ! It’s cold outside . your coat , please .
A. Put on B. Take off C. Put up D. Take down
11. — Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight .
— You’d better the police .
A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over
12. He has for three or four days .
A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cold
13. The farmers are all busy the next year .
A. get ready for B. got ready for
C. getting ready for D. gets ready for
14. The students will the hole the earth .
A. fill , with B. full , to C. fill , to D. full , by
15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did .
A. Both , and B. Either , or C. Neither , nor D. Not , but
16. — When is the plane to Shanghai going to take off
— . Please get ready as soon as possible .
A. For a moment B. Just a moment
C. In a moment D. A moment ago
17. — Why are you in such a hurry
— I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have to leave .
A. before long B. right now C. from now on D. all the time
18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him .
A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned back
19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didn’t want them to in the park .
A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready
20. I have friends . They often come to see me .
A. a quite new B. a few quite C. quite a few D. quite few
21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others .
A. such friend of B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. such a wonderful
22. Lucy said she hadn’t heard music before .
A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beautiful
C. so beautiful a D. such a wonderful
23. After we them , we the last match .
A. beat , beat B. won , beat C. beat , won D. win , won
24. Would you please speak slowly I can hardly you .
A. talk with B. agree with C. follow D. hear of
【试题答案】
词语辨析（一）
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C
词语辨析（二）
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A
词语辨析（三）
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B
词语辨析（四）
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C
【试题分析】
词语辨析（一）
1. 选B。考查4个动词中可作表动词的一项，且可表示“听起来”，只有sounds符合。
2. 选B。可以接it做形式宾语的动词A、B、C三个均可，但A、C常用人做主语，且由句意思“互联网使得在短时间内获得很多新知识变得容易。”这样只有makes一项符合要求。
6. 选D。此句意为“头痛已经消失了。”所以gone是正确选项，它可表示某人或某物、某事消失，不存在了。
10. 选B。join后可以接组织等，表示长时间地加入，也可加某人，指短时间地加入；join in可以活动，比赛等；take part后加in才可加活动，比赛等，而attend较为正式，用于正式场合，如出席会议等。故选B。
词语辨析（三）
10. 选C。固定搭配be burnt to + n. 被烧成……，所以只有C为die的名词。
词语辨析（四）
6. 选B。考查与“穿”有关的动词区别，其中只有dress后可加某人，意为给“某人穿衣服”。
【励志故事】
不归路
我曾经采访过一个芭蕾舞演员。
十个脚趾，找不到一个完整的趾甲，在拇指的前端，是一团模糊的肉球，那是十几年舞蹈磨成的茧。谁能想到，这样一双可怕的脚，竟是踩着足尖鞋，在舞台上旋转如蝶的芭蕾舞演员的玉足。芭蕾舞演员一边活动脚尖，一边跟我说话：“现在脚的样子尽管很丑陋，可是不痛，刚开始跳舞的时候，一场舞跳完，鞋的前端殷红殷红的，没有亲身经受过的人，绝对体验不出钻心疼痛的滋味。”压腿、弹跳、下腰，短暂的喝彩和瞬间的辉煌的后面，竟藏着数十年的艰辛和磨难。
这是一条别无选择的不归路，就像涅槃的凤凰一样只有在烈火的焚烧中才能获得新生。对于舞出仙姿的芭蕾舞演员，除了迎向前方，没有第二种活法。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容
初升高英语衔接班第6讲
再看宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语
二. 重、难点
（一）宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带有宾语从句。某些形容词（如：sure , happy , glad , certain , pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从句。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分一下引导定语从句的that，这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。
eg.
I think that it is necessary for the people’s health to get rid of the pollution of noise .
我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。
Hearing that his son was badly wounded , he rushed to the hospital to see him .
他听说儿子受了重伤，急忙赶到医院去看望他。
The mother likes saying that she has a good daughter .
母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。
I am sure（that）she will like the present . 我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。
We are glad（that）so many old friends will come to our party .
我们很高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。
The headmaster said that we would visit the science museum the next Sunday .
校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。
Our teacher of physics suggested that we（should）try to make some electronic toys ourselves .
我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。
注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。
2. 由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if：
（1）当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。
（2）用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。
（3）后面有or not时，只可以用whether，不能用if。
当然if还有“如果”之意，引导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。
eg.
I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder for me .
我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。
She asked whether（if）there were any chemist’s shops in this street .
她问这条街上有没有药房。
3. 由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me who came first this morning . 请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。
The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japan .
这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。
The listeners were much interested in how the man became an artist .
听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。
Please show me which bus I should take to get to the People’s Park .
请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。
I want to know whose pen is left on the table in the reading room .
我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。
Do you know where the museum is 你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗？
Please tell me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics .
请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。
Please explain to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed .
请给我解释一下，为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。
4. 宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成He told me that his brother was a doctor yesterday .
5. 注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。
6. 另外还要注意由what，where，how…引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：
I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choose .
（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语
1. 概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：
John said , “ I am going to London next week . ” 约翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”
She said , “ We have enough time to finish the work . ”
她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”
说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：
John said that he was going to London the next week . 约翰说他下周要去伦敦。
She said that they had enough time to finish the work .
她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
2. 各种句式的变化：
（1）陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。如：
He said to me , “ I broke your CD player . ” → He told me that he had broken my CD player .
She said , “ I’ll go there tomorrow . ” → She said that she would come here the next / following day .
He said , “ These books are mine . ” → He said that those books were his .
She said , “ I’ll come here this afternoon . ” → She said that she would go there that afternoon .
He said , “ Light travels much faster than sound . ” → He said that light travels much faster than sound .
（注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变）
（2）疑问句：
① 一般疑问句：要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him或us等）。如：
He said , “ Are you interested in English ” → He asked（me）if I was interest in English .
② 特殊疑问句：仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：
“ What can I do for you ” he asked me . → He asked（me）what he could do for me .
③ 祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order sb.（not）to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：
“ Make sure the door is shut , ” she said to her little son . → She told her little son to make sure the door was shut .
“ Don’t smoke in the room , ” he said to me . → He told me not to smoke in the room .
【典型例题】
[例1] —I think it’s going to be a big problem . （2002北京春季）
—Yes , it could be .
—I wonder we can do about it .
A. if B. how C. what D. that
答案：选择C。
评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题，根据题意，需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。
[例2] Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see .（2000上海）
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
答案：D
评析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it，不用she或he。
[例3] Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken .（2002上海）
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
答案：D
评析：本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。”用be sure to do的句型，此处的strike为不及物动词。
[例4] —What does she want —I don’t know what .
A. does she want B. did she want
C. she wanted D. she wants
答案：D
评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、B，而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时，故选D。
[例5] I don’t know if she . But if she , I’ll let you know .
A. will come , comes B. will come , will come
C. comes , comes D. comes , will come
答案：选择A
评析：if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if）和条件状语从句（第二个if），宾语从句时态由主句决定，而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求，故选A。
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. Great Wall is longest wall in the world .
A. The , the B. A , a C. The , a D. A , the
2. —Is this your bedroom
—No , it’s room .
A. the children B. the children’s C. of the children D. a childrens’
3. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam（三峡大坝）should be higher than downstream（下游）.
A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters
4. He spoke very fast and very people understood what he said .
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
5. children there are in a family , their life will be .
A. The less , the better B. The fewer , the better C. Fewer , richer D. More , poorer
6. — did you like the trip to Hainan
—It was wonderful .
A. When B. How C. Where D. What
7. Taiwan is the southeast of China .
A. in B. to C. on D. at
8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning .
A. while B. when C. as D. so
9. — I take some photos in the hall
—No , you .
A. Can , needn’t B. Must , mustn’t C. Could , won’t D. May , mustn’t
10. You’d better to send me an email when you get home .
A. not to forget B. don’t forget C. to not forget D. not forget
11. How about to the cinema on Sunday
A. go B. to go C. going D. will go
12. When I was at college I three foreign languages , but I all except for a few words of each .
A. spoke , had forgotten B. spoke , have forgotten
C. had spoken , had forgotten D. had spoken , have forgotten
13. The police found that the house and a lot of things .
A. has broken into , has been stolen B. had broken into , had been stolen
C. has been broken into , stolen D. had been broken into , had been stolen
14. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas . We will go and her at the airport tomorrow .
A. say hello to B. say sorry to C. say goodbye to D. say excuse to
15. Mary’s brother had a talk at school yesterday afternoon ,
A. had he B. hadn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
16. Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow .
A. is B. am C. are D. be
17. —Mum May I go out and play basketball
— you your homework yet
A. Do , finish B. Are , finishing C. Did , finish D. Have , finished
18. —Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please
—Go straight and take the second turning on the left .
A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
19. —This dress was last year’s style .
—I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year .
A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since
20. There’s someone at the door . Can you go and see who is
A. he B. she C. that D. it
21. That’s the only thing can’t be forgotten in my life .
A. that B. which C. who D. /
22. “ Nightingal Prize ” is for .
A. workers B. scientists C. doctors D. nurses
23. —I’m sorry . I mistook you for Lucy .
— .
A. Not at all B. I’m sorry , too C. It’s a pleasure D. That’s all right
24. —Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon .
— . go together
A. So I do , Why don’t B. So do I , What about
C. So I will , How about D. So will I , Shall we
综合练习（二）
1. I hope you’ll have good time at party .
A. a , / B. an , the C. a , a D. a , the
2. The market isn’t far from here . It’s only bicycle ride .
A. half an hours’ B. half an hour’s C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
3. I was 8 years old when my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age . How old am I
A. 21. B. 22. C. 23. D. 24.
4. —Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy
—I’ll buy of them , so I can give one to my friend , Helen .
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise .
A. fewer , more B. more , less C. little , much D. less , more
6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake .
A. something strange B. anything strange
C. strange something D. strange anything
7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space .
A. Before long B. So for C. From then on D. Long before
8. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it .
A. when B. until C. after D. before
9. —Where’s Bob
—He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks .
A. has to B. will C. should D. must
10. —Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight
—I’m sorry I can’t . Mother won’t me to go out in the evening .
A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask
11. Betty was heard in her bedroom .
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang
12. —Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday
—I , but I had an unexpected visitor .
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
13. The Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921 .
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
14. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to his job .
A. send up B. put up C. give up D. get up
15. My uncle the Party in 1970 . He for over 28 years .
A. joined , has joined the Party B. joined , has been a Party member
C. has joined , has been in the Party D. has joined , is in the Party
16. There will be a volleyball match in our school ,
A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won’t there
17. —What’s on the plate
—There some bread on it .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
18. The scientist knows two languages . He can speak English French .
A. either , or B. neither , nor C. both , and D. so , that
19. Could you tell me
A. which room he lives B. which room he lived
C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in
20. No matter busy he is , he won’t give up his hobby .
A. where B. how C. what D. who
21. In the street I met the scientist gave us a talk last week .
A. he B. which C. who D. what
22. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on .
KEEP IN A COLD PLACE
A. food B. money C. clothes D. books
23. —Would you like some more chicken
— . I’m full .
A. Yes , please B. No , thanks C. Yes , I would D. No , I wouldn’t
24. —Who is singing in the next room
— is Mary’s sister .
A. This B. She C. He D. It
综合练习（三）
1. I like playing football and my sister likes playing piano .
A. / , the B. / , / C. the , the D. a , the
2. Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost .
A. child , lives B. children , life C. children , lives D. child , life
3. The doctor worked for after twelve o’clock .
A. two more hours B. two another hour C. more two hours D. another two hour
4. —When shall we meet again next time
— day is OK .
A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any
5. Would you please say it I still can’t follow you .
A. loudly B. slowly C. more loudly D. more slowly
6. — shall we meet in the park
—What about half past eight
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
7. Either Bob or Peter watching the 17th World Cup now .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
8. You will be able to get good marks .
A. while you are doing your homework by yourself
B. if you do some revision every day
C. before you begin to study hard
D. until you follow your teachers’ advice
9. —Don’t forget to post this letter for me , please .
—No , I .
A. don’t B. won’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
10. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one .
A. to paying B. to pay C. not to pay D. rather than pay
11. Kate spent most of her free time TV plays .
A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching
12. Great changes in my home town since liberation .
A. have been taken place B. took place
C. have taken place D. were taken place
13. The water will be further polluted unless some measures .
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
14. They the newspaper when I went into their room .
A. were reading B. are reading C. have read D. will read
15. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but the couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked at
16. There is little milk in the bottle ,
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
17. —Do you know where my teacher lives
—She lives 150 Kenming Road .
A. at , in B. at , on C. on , at D. in , at
18. — , how many books have you read
— . Because I’m busy these days .
A. Last year , A few B. So far , Few
C. Two days later , So many D. Last week , Many a few
19. —I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term .
—Really Do you know
A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach
C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach
20. Tom will come to see us he is free tomorrow .
A. if B. until C. while D. as
21. The police caught the man stole my handbag .
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
22. English people use Mr. before a man’s first name .
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
23. —I’ve got two tickets for the football match . Would you like to come with me
— . When shall we start
A. You are welcome B. No , thanks C. I’d love to D. Excuse me
24. If you see a sign with “ No photos ” on it , you .
A. can take photos B. should just look at the photos
C. can’t take photos D. should take some photos away
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1—5 ABCCB 6—10 BABDD 11—15 CBDCD 16—20 CDDBD
21—24 ADDD
综合练习（二）
1—5 DBCDB 6—10 AADBB 11—15 CCCCB 16—20 DACDB
21—24 CABD
综合练习（三）
1—5 ACADD 6—10 BABBD 11—15 DCBAA 16—20 DBBCA
21—24 BACC
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
4. 选C。意为“他说得太快以致于很少/几乎没人能听懂他说了什么。”修饰可数名词用（a）few，表示否定含义，没有“a”，故为few（选C）。
13. 选D。句子意为“房子被（人）闯进来了，东西被偷走了”，因此从句中用被动语态，而宾语从句主句的过去时，决定了从句时态也应为过去的时态，故选D。
综合练习（二）
19. 选D。宾语从句引导词后的句子应为陈述句（主+谓）的语序，故C不对，又因为live此处为不及物动词，需补加介词in，故选D。
24. 选D。由于从声音一般不易判断出人的性别，故都用it来代，又如敲门声，说话声，笑声等等。
综合练习（三）
19. 选C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故A、B、D都不对，C为正确选项。
21. 选B。先行词为the man，应用指人的关系词that或who（m），关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可用whom，故选B。
【励志故事】
积极心态
国王与宰相在商议事情，适逢天下大雨，国王问：“宰相啊！你说下雨是好事坏事啊？”宰相说：“好事！陛下正好可微服私访。”
又有一天，天下大旱，国王又问：“宰相啊！你说大旱是好事坏事啊？”宰相说：“好事！陛下正好可微服私访。”
又有一天，国王吃水果时不小心切掉了小拇指，又问：“宰相啊！你说切掉手指是好事坏事啊？”宰相说：“好事！”于是，国王大怒，将宰相关入地牢，自己独自去打猎了。
不想打猎途中国王误中土人陷阱被捉，好在因为不是全人（缺手指），免去被吃掉的恶运。死里逃生的国王回想起宰相的好，赶紧回宫将宰相从地牢里放出来，又问宰相：“我把你关在地牢里好不好啊？”宰相又答：“好！好极了！要不是陛下将微臣关在地牢里，微臣恐怕就陪陛下打猎被捉，被土人吃掉了——”
人生要有平常心，凡事有利有弊，要善于从积极的角度去考虑问题，乐观的处世。
记住这样的一段话：
太棒了！这种事居然发生在我身上，又给我了上升的空间。每件事的发生必有其目的，必有利于我！
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
初升高英语衔接班第3讲
总结it的用法和there be句型的用法
二. 重、难点：
（一）It的用法小结
1. It作主语的句子
（1）It指前面已经提到过的人或事物（有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物）时，It是真正的主语。
如：
What’s this —— It’s a horse . 这是什么？——这是一匹马。
Who is it —— It’s me . 谁？——是我。
It’s the wind shaking the window . 是风刮得窗户响。
（2）It指时间、季节
如：
What time is it —— It’s nine . 几点了？——九点了。
It’s time for the meeting . Let’s go . 开会的时间到了，我们走吧！
What day is today —— It’s Saturday . 今天星期几？——今天星期六。
What is the date today —— It’s Oct.（the）1st . 今天是几号？——今天是十月一号。
What season is it —— It is summer . 现在是什么季节？——是夏季。
（3）It指气候。
Is it cold in this room —— No , it isn’t . 屋里冷吗？——不冷。
What’s the weather like today —— It’s fine . 今天天气怎么样？——是晴天。
It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city .
这个城市夏天经常下雨，冬天经常下雪。
（4）It指距离、情况等。
如：
It is five kilometres from my home to the school .
从我家到学校有5公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one .
从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。
It is a long way to the sea .（这）离海很远。
Is it well with you 你身体好吗？
2. It作形式主语
动词不定式、动名词短语或从句在句中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
（1）It +谓语+动词不定式。It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。
如：
It is difficult to climb a mountain . 爬山是很艰难的。
It is a good habit to do morning exercises . 做早操是个好习惯。
It is important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language .
在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。
It is right to do so . 这样做是对的。
（2）It+谓语+动名词短语。It作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。
如：
It is no use learning without thinking . 学而不思则罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy . 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。
（3）It+谓语+名词性从句。It作形式主语，以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。
如：
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film .
你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed . 我们一定会成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives .
真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning .
据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。
3. It作形式宾语
It作形式宾语，代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。
如：
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language .
我认为你们中国学生学习英语不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language . 我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming . 我记得向你明确表示过我不来。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job .
他们要向公众表明，他们在做一件必需做的重要工作。
4. It用于强调结构
在表示强调的结构中it可用作先行代词，这种结构的句型如下：
It+动词be+被强调的部分（词或词组）+that+其他部分。如果强调的部分是人，可用who，whom代替that。
如：
Miss Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon .
王老师每周一下午教我们英语。
强调主语：It is Miss Wang who teachers us English every Monday afternoon .
强调间接宾语：It is us whom Miss Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon .
强调直接宾语：It is English that Miss Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon .
强调状语：It is every Monday afternoon that Miss Wang teaches us English .
It was here that I first met him . 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。（强调状语）
It is the people who（或that）are really powerful . 真正强大的是人民。（强调主语）
（二）有关含有引导词there的句子结构
英语“There + be+（not）”结构表示“有（没有）某人或某物”时，there是无词义的引导词，be是谓语动词，它后面的名词是主语，两者在数上必须一致。句末往往有表示地点或时间的状语。
1. 肯定式（表示“有”）
There+（助动词或情态动词）+be+主语+地点（时间）状语。
如：
There is a picture on the wall . 墙上有一张画儿。
There are 24 hours in a day . 一天有二十四小时。
There was only one school in the village before . 以前这个村子里只有一所小学。
There were 1,500 students in our school last year . 去年我校有一千五百名学生。
注意：如果there + be之后是并列主语，第一个主语又是单数名词时，习惯上用There is …
如：
There is a boy and a girl in the room . 屋里有一个男孩和一个女孩。
There is a pen and some books on her desk . 她的书桌上有一支钢笔和一些练习本。
2. 否定式（表示“没有”）
There + be（助动词或情态动词）+not（any）（或+no）+主语……
如：
There was not an underground in Beijing before . 北京从前没有地下铁道。
There are not fairies in the world . 世上没有神仙。
There is nothing more for me to do now . 现在没有别的什么事要我做了。
There are not many people who want to read this book . 没有多少人要看这本书。
There won’t be a dance this weekend . 本周末没有舞会。
3. 疑问式
（1）一般疑问句
① Be+there+（any）+主语……？
② 助动词或情态动词+there+be+（any）+主语……？
如：
Is there anything I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗？
Is there any water in your bottle 你的瓶里有水吗？
Will there be a report by the famous scientist this afternoon 今天下午有那位著名科学家做报告吗？
（2）特殊疑问句：疑问词（+名词）+be+there+状态？
如：
How many months are there in a year 一年有几个月？
What’s there in your pocket 你口袋里装的是什么？
When will there be lasting world peace 什么时候世界上能有持久的和平？
4. 含有引导词there的句子用seem to be，happen to be，used to do或live等词作谓语的结构。
如：
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop .
恰好在商店里有我的一个老朋友。
There used to be a temple here . 以前这儿有一座庙。
There seemed to be no point in refusing . 看来没理由拒绝。
There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea .
从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一个老渔民。
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. Look ! There some apples in that tree .
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. — What’s on the plate
— There some bread on it .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. Lucy and Lily going to the Great Wall tomorrow .
A. are B. is C. am D. be
4. Three fourths of the homework today .
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
5. A large number of the students in our class girls .
A. are B. was C. is D. be
6. The number of in our class fifty .
A. student , is B. the students , are C. the students , is D. students , are
7. Either of the two books for you . You can choose one .
A. are B. were C. is D. was
8. The population of our country by 50 percent over the last twenty years .
A. has increased B. were risen C. have been increased D. have rose
9. Maths my favourite subject .
A. be B. is C. am D. are
10. Here a new pair of shoes for you .
A. is B. are C. have D. has
11. The Chengs here for years .
A. is living B. have lived C. has lived D. lives
12. Not only my brother buy also I good at painting . Both of us good painters .
A. are , are B. am , are C. is , is D. are , is
13. — Two months quite a long time .
— Yes , I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. Every man , woman and child in this club to realize the danger of smoking .
A. come B. comes C. have begun D. must
15. Everyone except David and Sam there when the meeting began .
A. is B. was C. are D. were
16. — Are the twins on the football team
— No , neither of them on the team .
A. is B. are C. were D. be
17. — I have no letters from Peter .
— Oh , well , no news good news now .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
18. One and a half apples on the table .
A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left
19. When and where to build the new factory yet .
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
20. Doing eye exercises good for your health .
A. are B. is C. have D. has
21. There an apple and ten bananas in the basket . You can take any of them .
A. are B. is C. has D. have
22. Each of the boys an apple .
A. have B. has C. to have D. to has
23. — Are there any fish in the lake now
— No . any water in it in winter .
A. There isn’t B. There aren’t C. It isn’t D. They aren’t
24. Joan with her uncle going to visit the Summer Palace next month .
A. are B. is C. was D. were
综合练习（二）
1. The story is interesting . That means it is interesting story .
A. an , the B. the , an C. / an D. / , a
2. I found the cat was in room .
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy’s
3. of the teachers in the school is 300 , of them are women teachers .
A. The number , first fourth B. The number , one fourth
C. A number , one second D. A number , three quarters
4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic . So it will take us time to go to Pudong International Airport .
A. a few B. fewer C. a little D. less
5. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city .
A. so a beautiful B. very a beautiful C. such beautiful a D. quite a beautiful
6. — It’s a nice car . have you been in it
— Just to Shanghai .
A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far
7. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go
A. through B. across C. on D. in
8. — I’m going to the supermarket .
— Will you get me some chocolates you are there , mum
A. since B. because C. if D. while
9. — Must I leave right now
— No , you .
A. may not B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
10. — There is a ticket on the floor , is it yours
— Oh , yes , it’s mine .
— Let me for you .
A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up
11. The teacher told the boys in the street .
A. not play B. not to play C. don’t play D. don’t to play
12. I have finished this book . You can take it away .
A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads
13. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day .
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
14. I have to go now . Please remember to the lights when you leave .
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
15. Don’t ask me such a strange question ,
A. shall we B. will not you C. will you D. don’t you
16. — Are the twins on the football team
— No , neither of them on the team .
A. is B. are C. were D. be
17. Mr. King didn’t know yesterday evening .
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home
18. I didn’t know they could pass the exam or not .
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
19. — Who has a dictionary , children
— I have .
A. it B. this C. one D. so
20. He returned to the small town he grew up as a child .
A. which B. where C. that D. when
21. In China , when the traffic lights are green , the traffic go and people on foot
cross the street .
A. can , can’t B. can’t , can C. can’t , must D. needn’t , must
22. — What are you going to do next Sunday
— .
A. I’m sorry B. Here you are C. I’ve no idea D. That’s right
23. I can’t find the right size . The shoes in the shop are too big too small .
A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and D. not , or
24. The colour of his socks is different from of mine .
A. one B. that C. it D. this
综合练习（三）
1. It was spring . American girl went to London .
A. a , The , a B. / , The , / C. / , An , / D. / , A , /
2. It’s a long to Paris . It’s two thousand kilometers .
A. street B. road C. way D. walk
3. Where are the students Are they in
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
4. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai .
A. this B. it C. that D. one
5. — In our English study reading is more important than speaking , I think .
— I don’t agree . Speaking is reading .
A. as important as B. so important as
C. the most important D. the same as
6. — Can you understand me
— Sorry , I can understand you .
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
7. — You’d better not go out now . It’s raining .
— It doesn’t matter . My new coat can keep rain .
A. in B. of C. with D. off
8. How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus
A. when B. if C. once D. that
9. You go and ask Meimei . She know the answer .
A. must , can B. must , may C. need , can D. can , may
10. — I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now .
— Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework .
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped
11. My watch doesn’t work . I must have it .
A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing
12. She usually to work on foot but today she by bike .
A. go , going B. goes , is going C. is go , is going D. goes , going
13. — Where you your ticket
— I it on the floor .
A. have , found , founded B. did , find , founded
C. did , found , found D. did , find , found
14. You may go fishing if your work .
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
15. — James , these are your socks . Please .
— OK , Mum .
A. put away it B. put it away C. put away them D. put them away
16. Martin is good at fishing ,
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
17. — How many students are there in your school
— the students in our school over two thousand .
A. The number of , is B. The number of , are
C. A number of , is D. A number of , are
18. He asked me .
A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have
C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me
19. Ann has been so busy these days she has no time to play with her friends .
A. when B. that C. because D. and
20. — Oh , there is someone in the room .
— must be my mother .
A. There B. She C. This D. It
21. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday
A. one B. where C. that D. which
22. The sign “ BUSINESS HOURS ” can be seen in a .
A. shop B. school C. park D. museum
23. — Would you like some more
— . I’m full .
A. Yes , please B. I’d love to C. No , I wouldn’t D. No , thanks
24. — Have you moved into your new home
— Not yet , the rooms .
A. were being painted B. are painting C. were painted D. are still being painted
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B
综合练习（二）
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B
综合练习（三）
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. D
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
1. 选C。There be结构有就近原则，后面名词为复数，又由“Look !”知为现在时，故选C。
4. 选B。带有分数的短语做主语，要根据后面的名词决定谓语的单、复数，此题homework不可数，故用单数形式，且作业要被做，所以要用被动语态，因此B项正确。
13. 选A。一段时间或一段距离若视为一个整体，则看成单数，故选“is”。
综合练习（二）
2. 选D。如果指两者共同拥有的一件东西则在后者加上所有格，前者不加，若指分别拥有的多种东西，则每个名词都要用所有格形式。
综合练习（三）
10. 选B。在主动语态中加不带to的不定式宾补的动词，在被动语态中要还原“to”。因此用B，“to help”。
21. 选C。此句为定语从句。当先行词被very等词修饰时，只能由that来引导宾语从句，因此选C。
【励志故事】
阴影是条纸龙
祖父用纸给我做过一条长龙。长龙腹腔的空隙仅仅只能容纳几只蝗虫，投放进去，它们都在里面死了，无一幸免！祖父说：“蝗虫性子太躁，除了挣扎，它们没想过用嘴巴去咬破长龙，也不知道一直向前可以从另一端爬出来。因而，尽管它有铁钳般的嘴壳和锯齿一般的大腿，也无济于事。”当祖父把几只同样大小的青虫从龙头放进去，然后关上龙头，奇迹出现了：仅仅几分钟，小青虫们就一一地从龙尾爬了出来。
命运一直藏匿在我们的思想里。许多人走不出人生各个不同阶段或大或小的阴影，并非因为他们天生的个人条件比别人要差多远，而是因为他们没有想过要将阴影纸龙咬破，也没有耐心慢慢地找准一个方向，一步步地向前，直到眼前出现新的洞天。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
初升高英语衔接班第5讲
倒装结构与插入语
二. 重、难点：
A. 倒装结构
对于倒装结构我们在初中已经接触到了一些，它们比较简单，也不太系统。到了高中之后我们会较为系统地学习这一结构，它也会更经常地出现在我们的日常学习中，在考试中也会变成要考核的一项内容。
（一）概说
在英语句子的语序方面，主语在前谓语动词在后的句子是最基本的结构。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。这种结构可分为全部倒装和局部倒装两种。前者指整个谓语动词部分放在主语之前；后者指助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
如：
In came the teacher and the class began . 老师走了进来，然后开始上课。（全部倒装）
Here comes the bus . 公共汽车来了。（全部倒装）
Did you see Mary yesterday 你昨天看见玛丽了吗？（局部倒装）
Have you done your homework 你做完作业了吗？（局部倒装）
（二）倒装结构的基本用法
根据语法、修辞的需要，倒装结构通常用于下列场合：
1. 用于疑问句：
如：
Are you in Class Three 你在三班吗？
Did you see the film yesterday 你昨天看电影了吗？
Can you speak English 你会说英语吗？
Where have you been 你到哪儿去了？
2. 用于以 there或here开头的以名词为主语的句子。
如：
There are some foreign students in our school . 我们学校里有一些外国学生。
There is a map of China on the wall . 墙上有一张中国地图。
There seemed to be no problem . 好像没有什么问题。
There used to be a factory on that corner . 拐角处有过一个工厂。
In this village there lived an old man over ninety .
有个九十多岁的老人曾在这个小村子里住过。
Here comes the professor ! 教授来了！
Here is a letter for you . 这是你的信。
There goes the bell . 铃响了。
There is the boat . 小船在那儿。
注意：以代词为主语时，不用全倒装结构。例如：
Here she comes . 她来了。 Here it is . 它在这儿。
3. 用于强调句首否定词语的句子。
这些词语是：never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，little，barely，not only，neither，nor，not until等。
如：
Never have I read such an interesting book . 我从来没有读过这么有意思的书。
Little does she know what may happen . 她一点也不知道可能会发生什么。
Hardly could I believe it（to be）true . 我简直不相信这是真的。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily .
我刚到家，就下起大雨来了。
Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist , but also a fairly good violinist .
爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。
Not until after the war did he return home . 直到战争结束，他才回家。
4. 用于以副词only开头的句子（only后面多为状语），如：
Only this morning did I hear the sad news . 我今天早上才听到这个不幸的消息。
Only after liberation was he able to go to school . 他解放后才能上学。
Only after several months did I see the results of my work .
过了几个月，我才看到工作的结果。
Only in this way can you learn English well . 只有这样，你才能学好英语。
5. 用于以副词so，neither，nor开头的句子。
（1）so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人（或物）
so+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语
如：
I can speak English . So can my brother . 我会说英语，我弟弟也会。
They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday . So did we .
他们上星期日到颐和园去了。我们也去了。
He has been to the Great Wall . So have I . 他去过长城。我也去过。
She enjoys teaching English . So does my sister . 她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。
You say he works hard ; so he does , and so do you .
你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。
注意此句中的“… so he does，…”，如果主语在前，助动词等在后，则表示赞同前人观点，译为“……确实如此，确实是这样”，这与主语在后面的结构含义不同，请大家留意。
另外，在so … that …结构中，如果so在句首，通常也用倒装结构。
如：
So easy is it that a boy can learn it . 那很容易，小孩子都能学。
So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly .
他说得太快，我们简直听不清楚。
（2）neither，nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人（或物）：Neither（not）+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语。
如：
I don’t know where he lives . Neither does she . 我不知道他住在哪儿。她也不知道。
I don’t know the difference between these two sentences . Nor do they .
我不知道这两个句子的区别，他们也不知道。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening . Neither did Wei Fang .
我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。
The students were not in the classroom . Nor was the teacher .
学生们不在教室里。老师也不在。
6. 用于以表示处所、声音等义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及物动词（如go，come，rush，fly等）作谓语时，为了表达生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。
如：
Away flew the birds . 鸟飞了。
Out went the children . 孩子们出去了。
Down came the rain . 下起大雨来了。
The door burst open and in rushed a stranger . 门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。
7. 用于某些以地点状语开头的句子。
如：
Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer . 在那棵大树底下坐着一个老农夫。
Outside the classroom stood a boy . 教室外面站着一个男孩。
Behind the farmhouse was a rice field . 农舍后面是一片稻田。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake . 小山脚下有一个美丽的小湖。
8. 在直接引语后注明引语是什么人所说的句子里，主语是名词时，常用倒装结构；主语是代词时，往往不用倒装结构。
如：
“ You all did well in the exam , ” said the teacher .
“你们大家的考试成绩都很好。”老师说。
“ How is your mother ” asked her friend .
“你母亲近况如何？”她的朋友问道。
“ Nonsense ! ” shouted the man . “胡说！”那个人喊道。
“ Whom are you looking for ” she asked .
“你找谁？”她问道。
“ Yes , I am a new student . ” he answered . “对，我是新生。”他回答说。
9. 如果主语过长或强调表语或状语时，也可以用倒装结构。
如：
On the blackboard were the words written in English : “ Welcome to our class ! ”
有人在黑板上用英文写道：“欢迎到我们班上来。”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster , the English teacher , and the students’ parents .
出席会议的有校长，英语老师和学生们的家长。
B. 插入语：
（一）概说
英语句子中有时可以插入一个与全句句义无直接关系的附加部分，这种附加部分叫做插入语。如插入语位于句子中间，其前后一般可用逗号隔开。常用插入语有I think（我想），I am afraid（恐怕），you know（你也知道，你是知道的），it seems to me（我觉得），it is said（据说），to tell the truth（老实说），as far as I know（据我所知），for example（例如），in fact（实际上），to one’s surprise（使……惊奇的是）等。
如：
He is , I think , the best student in the class .
我认为，他是班上最好的学生。
To tell the truth , I don’t believe in him myself .
说实话，我自己也不信任他。
In fact , his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter praising for it .
事实上，其中一篇文章的英文非常好，思格斯为此而写信赞扬他。
The great painter , it is said , is sometimes very careless about his appearance .
据说，那位大画家有时不修边幅。
The conclusion . I’m afraid , is not true . 这个结论恐怕是不正确的。
（二）疑问句中的插入语
如果疑问句中带有插入语，可使原句的主要部分变成从句，因而用陈述句的语序。
如：
What did he think we should do to get rid of the flies
他认为我们应该怎样消灭这些苍蝇呢？
（试比较：What should we do to get rid of the flies ）
When do you think he will be back 你认为他什么时候回来？
（试比较：When will he be back ）
How long did she say she would stay here 她说她要在这儿待多久？
（试比较：How long would she stay here ）
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. At head of the queue was old woman .
A. a , an B. the , an C. the , the D. a , an
2. I am thirsty . I want to buy .
A. two bottles of oranges B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange
3. Now children , turn to page and look at the picture in Lesson Two .
A. twentieth , one B. twenty , one C. twentieth , first D. twenty , first
4. There are twenty teachers in this grade . Eight of them are women teachers and are men teachers .
A. the other B. the others C. others D. other
5. He can’t come to the party this evening because he has to do .
A. important something B. anything important
C. important anything D. something important
6. — Does Mary work carefully
— Yes , I think she works in our class .
A. much carefully B. more carefully C. most carefully D. much more carefully
7. I lost my way a rainy night and my mother was quite worried me .
A. on , with B. on , about C. at , with D. at , about
8. Saturday Sunday is OK . I will be free in these two days .
A. Either , or B. Neither , nor C. Both , and D. One , the other
9. — I can’t find my key . Have you seen it anywhere
— It in your handbag , I think .
A. may be B. can be C. may D. must
10. Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam .
A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to
11. If you don’t feel well , you may just .
A. stopped reading B. stop reading C. stopped to read D. stop to read
12. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it .
A. had lost , don’t find B. is missing , don’t find
C. has lost , haven’t found D. is missing , haven’t found
13. — I’m sorry I my homework at home .
— That’s all right . Don’t forget it to school this afternoon .
A. forget , to take B. forget , to bring C. left , to take D. left , to bring
14. The new computers to the village school as presents last month .
A. are given B. given C. were given D. gave
15. — How long can I the books
— Two weeks .
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
16. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down
17. — She didn’t come to school yesterday , did she
— , though she was not feeling very well .
A. No , she didn’t B. Yes , she was C. No , she wasn’t D. Yes , she did
18. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began .
A. are B. is C. was D. were
19. wonderful music it is ! I like Bethoven’s better than anybody’s .
A. What B. How a C. What a D. How
20. — Do you know we will arrive at your hometown
— This afternoon .
A. when B. why C. if D. where
21. I asked him at home go to the cinema that night .
A. whether he would stay , or B. if he will stay , or
C. that he would stay , and D. whether he would stay , and
22. — Excuse me . How far is from here to the museum
— Quite near , only a few minutes’ walk .
A. this B. / C. that D. it
23. This is the shop sells children’s clothing .
A. where B. who C. the one D. which
24. When was the PRC founded It was founded on .
A. July 1 , 1921 B. October 1 , 1949 C. August 1 , 1927 D. May 1 , 1922
综合练习（二）
1. — What’s the matter with you
— I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed .
A. a , / B. a , the C. a , a D. the , the
2. Don’t worry about making when you speak English .
A. clothes B. mistakes C. friends D. things
3. — Is very difficult
— Not at all .
A. the Lesson Twentieth B. Twentieth lesson
C. the twentieth lesson D. lesson of twenty
4. All the boys were very tired , but of them would take a rest .
A. all B. neither C. any D. none
5. — did the meeting last
— About half an hour .
A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How much
6. I was feeling tired last night , so I went to bed than usual .
A. early B. earlier C. late D. later
7. I was born April 20 , 1985 the north China .
A. in , in , of B. on , in , of C. in , on , of D. on , on , in
8. — We’d better not talk about it Mary leaves .
— Why not ask her to join us
A. after B. until C. if D. though
9. — Where’s Mr. Lee I have something unusual to tell him .
— You find him . He Japan .
A. may not , has gone to B. may not , has been to
C. can’t , has gone to D. can’t , has been to
10. — How can I improve my spoken English
— You have to practise as much as you can .
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
11. — Could you give me a hand , please
— Sure . What would you like me
A. do B. to do C. doing D. does
12. — When this kind of computer
— Last year .
A. did , use B. was , used C. is , used D. are , used
13. — All the family skating except the twins .
— That’s true . Both of them singing , but neither of them good at it .
A. enjoy , prefer , are B. enjoys , prefer , is
C. enjoys , prefer , are D. enjoy , prefer , is
14. It’s getting warmer and warmer . The flowers start to .
A. come in B. come over C. come out D. come on
15. Linda often her homework in the evening , but this evening she TV .
A. does , watches B. is doing , is watching
C. does , is watching D. is doing , watches
16. He could hardly say a word after the game , he
A. did B. didn’t C. could D. couldn’t
17. That place is not interesting at all . of us wants to go there .
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
18. The war was over about three months ago , the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with .
A. or B. and C. but D. so
19. — Excuse me , would you please tell me
— Certainly . Go straight along here . It’s next to a hospital .
A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get go to the post office
C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office
20. — When will you tell him the good news
— I will tell him about it as soon as he back .
A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming
21. — More and more people think necessary to let the students teach themselves .
— That’s true . They can improve themselves in this way .
A. it has B. it C. that D. is does
22. Do you know Mrs. Jackson daughter is a famous poet
A. that her B. whose C. who D. of whom
23. — I’m sorry I’ve broken your glasses .
— .
A. It’s OK B. Don’t be sorry C. You are welcome D. That’s nothing
24. The population of France is than Canada .
A. more , / B. more , that of C. larger , / D. larger , that of
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B
综合练习（二）
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. B 22. B 23. D 24. D
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
7. 选择B。此题考查两个语法点，第一个是在具体的一天或一天的上午、下午、晚上，用介词on，因此第一个空为on；第二个考查worry about sb.（担心某人）这一短语，综合来看应选B。
10. 选择C。此题考查不定式的用法。不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它在此句中充当的是目的状语，这时to do前面可加上in order和so as，从而构成in order to do和so as to do的结构，而由句意知道应为“早起为了不迟到”，是不定式的否定式，应在to do前加not，因此选择C答案。
18. 选择C。在下列几个结构中应由“A”决定谓语的单、复数：
（1）A with B，（2）A together with B，（3）A except B，（4）A as well as B，所以这句话由Everyone作主语应该用单数的谓语动词，又因为后面从句用的是过去时，因此选C答案。
综合练习（二）
13. 选择D。此题考查主谓一致。family是集合名词，当指其中成员时，视为复数，所以第一个空用enjoy；both作主语时，谓语动词用复数；neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
24. 选择D。考查“人口”一词的用法，指人口多用large形容，人口少用small修饰，在比较的时候第二次提到比较对象用that / those来代替，复数名词用those，其余情况用that，“人口”（population）为不可数名词，因此用that来代，选D答案。
【励志故事】
机会喜欢谁？
A，在合资公司做白领，觉得自己满腔抱负没有得到上级的赏识，经常想：如果有一天能见到老总，有机会展示一下自己的才干就好了！！
A的同事B，也有同样的想法，他更进一步，去打听老总上下班的时间，算好他大概会在何时进电梯，他也在这个时候去坐电梯，希望能遇到老总，有机会可以打个招呼。
他们的同事C更进一步。他详细了解老总的奋斗历程，弄清老总毕业的学校，人际交往的风格，关心的问题，精心设计了几句简单却有份量的开场白，在算好的时间去乘坐电梯，跟老总打过几次招呼后，终于有一天跟老总长谈了一次，不久就争取到了更好的职位。
愚者错失机会，智者善抓机会，成功者创造机会。机会只给准备好的人，这准备二字，并非说说而已。
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