Module 2 A Job Worth Doing Grammar
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| 名称 | Module 2 A Job Worth Doing Grammar |
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| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-09-17 00:00:00 | ||
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课件65张PPT。Module 2A Job Worth DoingHe was born in 1995.
When I was a child , I was taken to Shanghai once.Past simple I
他们两年前在南美洲。
他上一学期学习很努力并取得了很大的进步。They were in South America two years ago.He learnt hard and made rapid progress in last term.Past simple II
他曾每周去实验室两次。
他曾总是第一个来。
他过去常常吸烟。
暑假期间，他常常去大海游泳。He came to the laboratory twice a week.He was always the first to comeHe used to smoke.During the vocation he would swim in the sea.表示过去经常反复发生的动作。
常用used to /would do Past simple III
他告诉我， 我回来他才会离开。
Mr. Wang 告诉我们第二天早上开始上课。
他妈妈说她将一直等到她儿子回来。
Tom 告诉我第二天早上来。He told me that he would not leave until I came.Mr. Wang told us that school opened the following morning.His mother said she would wait until her son come back.Tom told me that he would come the following morning.在时间和条件，方式，让步状语从句中表示将来发生的动作，用一般过去时表示。 Past simple Iv
我刚才不知道你是个老师。
我原以为你在伦敦。I didn’t know you were a teacher.
I thought you were in London.一般过去时中始料未及的，表示过去的意识，心态，看法等与现在不同，常有动词：know, realize, guess, expect ,recognize , mean.At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
What were you doing at eight last night?Past continuous I
当老师进来的时候，我当时正在画马。
昨天十点钟，我正在修理自行车。
当你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。
2004年的夏天他正在一家汽车厂工作。I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in . 2. I was mending my bike at ten o’clock yesterday. 3. I was washing my hair when you knocked the door. 4. He was working in a car factory during the summer 2004表示过去某一时刻，或某一段时间内正在进行的或持续进行的动作。如：a moment ago, then , at that time , at 9 o’clock, all morning , when …….Past continuous II
他告诉我他下个月就要去纽约了。
他们几天后就离开。
她想知道她的朋友是否回来吃晚饭。He told me that he was leaving for New York the next month.
They were leaving a few days after.
She wondered whether he was coming back.
表示按计划，安排过去某时即将发生的动作，但仅限于come ,go ,leave ,start, arrive ,begin, return, fly, drive, do ,have…….Past continuous III
他老是改变主意。
这哥俩经常吵架。
妈妈总是丢钥匙。He was always changing his mind.
The two brothers were frequently quarrelling,
My mother was always losing keys.
与always ,frequently, usually等副词连用，带有感彩。如，赞扬，责备，抱怨等，用过去进行时。
1.We had learnt four thousand new words by the end of last year.
They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.
said/ told/ thought/ wondered
2. We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.Past perfect I
1. 截止到去年年底他已经完成了他的学业。
2. 当我到那时，电影已经开始了。
3. 我回来时他们已经走了。
4. 我在上大学之前就学了5000个单词。 1. He had completed his studies by the end of last year.
2. The film had already begun when I got there .
3. They had left before I returned.
4. I had learnt 5,000 words when I entered the university.
表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态，可用：by ,when, before, until 等引导的状语从句。
Past perfect II
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
他睡觉前赶来12个小时。
旱了好几个月昨天才下雨。
1. Before he slept , he had worked for 12 hours .
2. It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.表示从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到另一个时间的动作或状态。
Past perfect III 1. 我刚一到家就下雨了
2. 我们刚一到她就开始埋怨了。
3. 他刚一入睡电话就再次的响起了。
No sooner ….than ; hardly …when… ;
Scarcely ….when….
I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain.
We had hardly arrived when she started complained.
No sooner had he gone to sleep than telephone rang once more.
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.They had done the work before I returned.
They did the work at five o’clock.He survived.
He was driving a lorry.
He had had lots of jobs.past simplepast perfectpast continuousMatch the sentences with the names of the tenses.Exercise 1 on page 14Before he volunteered to direct traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.
He was driving a lorry when he came off the road.
Somehow he survived.Exercise 2 on page 14Read the sentences and answer the questions.Which tense refers to actions in the past?
Which tense refers to an action in progress when another thing happened?
Which tense refers to something which happened before something else?Key: a. past simple b. past continuous c.past perfectExercise 2 on page 14Complete the passage in exercise 4 with the correct form of the verbs.Key:(1) had done(2) was waiting(3) had seen(4) had asked(5) was crying(6) left(7) ran(8) was talking(9) had finished(10) did(11) knew(12) had happened(13) had forgotten(14) took(15) had frozenExercise 4 on page 14I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! (04北京春 34)
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
2. I ____ you not to move my dictionary ----now I can' t find it. （04 四川 30）
A. asked B. ask
C. was asking D. had asked
cA3. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it. （NMET2004 30）
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
4. –You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
--I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. (NMET 2002 23)
wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t sayDD 5. The little girl ___ her heart out because she ___ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. (02北京 21)
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
6. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (04 北京 28)
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
BA
7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET97 10)
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
8. Shirley ___ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET98 20)
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
BD
9. -- Has Sam finished his homework today?
-- I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （04四川 25）
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
10.－Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－Where was I?
－You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. (04 北京春 24)
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
11. --Hey, look where you are going!
--Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____. (NMET99 24)
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice CCBThe pen ______ well. A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. has written
I have much work _________. A. to do B. to be done C. to be doing D. to have done
Do you have any work _____ now? I’m free. A. to do B. to be done C. to be doing D. to have doneAAB1. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
2. —John took a photograph of you just now.
—Really? What a pity! I____.
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. hadn’t looked D. haven’t lookedCB3. What we used to think ____ impossible now does seem possible. (2006天津)
A.is B. was
C. has been D. will be
4. I ____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006重庆)
A. lived B. was living
C. have lived D. had livedBA5. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ____ before. (2006广东)
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flyingC6. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)
A. expected
B. was expecting
C. was expected
D. would be expectedC7. I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____. (2006安徽)
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had occurredC8. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered. (2006福建)
A. declared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declaredC9. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ____ to half a dozen other groups. (2006湖南)
A. was giving B. am giving
C. had given D. have givenC10. In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南)
A.was to be held
B. has been held
C. will be held
D. is being heldA11. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006江西)
A. worked B. would work
C. would be working
D. has been workingA12. It is said that the early European playing—cards ____ for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁)
A. were being designed
B. have designed
C. have been designed
D. were designedD13. —You look very tired. ____ at all last night?
—No, not really. I’m tired out now. (2006陕西)
A. Do you sleep
B. Were you sleeping
C. Did you sleep
D. Had you sleptC14. _______ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
15. —You speak very good French!
—Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studiedDAFunction“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法 英语中,表示对过去某种情况进行推测或责备、后悔,常用情态动词must, may (might), can(could), should(ought to), would 等＋have＋过去分词表示。依据说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同,使用的情态动词也不同。1. must＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态
的肯定判断。用于肯定的陈述句中(在否定句及疑问句中用can代替must),意思是“一定已经……”。
e.g. If he had really been there, I must
have seen him.
2. can (could)＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的否定或疑问判断。
Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢?
Jim cant have been at home yesterday.
吉姆昨天不可能在家。 3. may/might＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行的不肯定的推测,语气比使用can (could)弱。might的语气比may更弱。
She may have read the book.
He might not have got your letter.4. need＋have＋过去分词
常用于否定句,表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,表示“本来不必……”。
You needn’t have told him the news.你没有必要告诉他那消息。5. should/ought to＋have＋过去分词
肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但没做)”;否定式表示“过去不该做某事(但做了)”,含有不满或责备之意。
You’re right. I should have thought of that.
She ought to have come earlier.6. would＋have＋过去分词
表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做,用来说明某种情况,不含有责备之意。
I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本来要早点给你写信,但我生病了。If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 我要是看见那个广告了, 我就申请那份工作了。
Practice1. John _____ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done2. -- I don’t know why he is late.
-- Nor do I. He __ have had an accident. A. can B. should C. might D. must
3. He must have seen the inspector last night, ____ he? A. mustn’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t
4. --Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? --Yes, but I ____ have told her. A. should B. shouldn't C. must D. ought to not
5. The playground is all wet. It ___ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have6. We _____ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. A. needn’t B. should C. must D. couldn’t 7. -- Who told you my address? --I don’t remember clearly. It __ Tom. --It ____ Tom. He doesn’t know it. A. may have been; can't be B. can be; mustn’t be C. must have been; can’t have been D. may have been; mustn’t have been 8. John passed the exam. He didn’t study very hard. The exam __ difficult. A. can’t have been B. must have been C. couldn’t be D. might have been
9. She ____ have gone to college, but she didn’t pass the exam. A. might B. would C. must D. need10. It’s already eleven o’clock. He _____to bed. A. must have gone B. must go C. should have gone D. can’t have gone 5. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A.should have been doingB.must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
6. --- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wide animals for 13 years before she returned . ----- Oh , dear! She ____ a lot of difficulties ! A. may go though B. must have gone though C. ought to have gone though D. might go though ______7.---Tom is never late for work .Why is he absent today? ---Something______ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 8.---Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere? ----Well. He ____ have gone far—his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 9.—Lucy doestn’t mind lending you her dictionary. -----She _____. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t__________“I visited China last year.” “That __________________ interesting!”
“I looked after a group of fifteen French children.” “ That __________________ easy!”
They _____________ have got lost, or had an accident.must have beencan’t have beenmightExercise 1 on page 17Complete the sentences in exercise 1 on page 17.Which sentences show that the speaker is certain about something?
Which sentence refers to a possibility in the past? 1 and 23Exercise 1 on page 17“ When I was younger, I worked as a miner.” “ That ______ have been hard.”
I’m surprised David didn’t apply for the job. He ______ have seen the advertisement.mustcan’tExercise 2 on page 17Complete the sentences with must, can’t or might.3. “ Where’s Sam?” “ I don’t know. He _______ have gone to the meeting.
4. I don’t know why the manager didn’t reply. He _______ not have received our letter.
5. Jackie looks happy. They ________ have increased his salary.
6. The secretary wasn’t listening. She _______ have heard what I said.mightmustcan’tmight1. permanent--- temporary
2. pay---salary
3. assistant
4. staff
5. contract
6. earn
7. career prospectsKey to Vocabulary-Ex 1salary/ pay
contract
staff
permanent
earnKey to Vocabulary-Ex 2data analyst
firefighter
lorry driver
school
teacher
social worker
travel agent Key to Vocabulary-Ex 3Have you every driven a large vehicle?
Do you speak any foreign language?
What experience do you have with computers?
Are you interested in primary or secondary education?
Do you enjoy working with people?
How strong are you?
Key to Vocabulary-Ex 41- lorry driver2- travel agent3- data analyst4- school teacher5- social worker6- fire fighterThe end of this part
When I was a child , I was taken to Shanghai once.Past simple I
他们两年前在南美洲。
他上一学期学习很努力并取得了很大的进步。They were in South America two years ago.He learnt hard and made rapid progress in last term.Past simple II
他曾每周去实验室两次。
他曾总是第一个来。
他过去常常吸烟。
暑假期间，他常常去大海游泳。He came to the laboratory twice a week.He was always the first to comeHe used to smoke.During the vocation he would swim in the sea.表示过去经常反复发生的动作。
常用used to /would do Past simple III
他告诉我， 我回来他才会离开。
Mr. Wang 告诉我们第二天早上开始上课。
他妈妈说她将一直等到她儿子回来。
Tom 告诉我第二天早上来。He told me that he would not leave until I came.Mr. Wang told us that school opened the following morning.His mother said she would wait until her son come back.Tom told me that he would come the following morning.在时间和条件，方式，让步状语从句中表示将来发生的动作，用一般过去时表示。 Past simple Iv
我刚才不知道你是个老师。
我原以为你在伦敦。I didn’t know you were a teacher.
I thought you were in London.一般过去时中始料未及的，表示过去的意识，心态，看法等与现在不同，常有动词：know, realize, guess, expect ,recognize , mean.At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
What were you doing at eight last night?Past continuous I
当老师进来的时候，我当时正在画马。
昨天十点钟，我正在修理自行车。
当你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。
2004年的夏天他正在一家汽车厂工作。I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in . 2. I was mending my bike at ten o’clock yesterday. 3. I was washing my hair when you knocked the door. 4. He was working in a car factory during the summer 2004表示过去某一时刻，或某一段时间内正在进行的或持续进行的动作。如：a moment ago, then , at that time , at 9 o’clock, all morning , when …….Past continuous II
他告诉我他下个月就要去纽约了。
他们几天后就离开。
她想知道她的朋友是否回来吃晚饭。He told me that he was leaving for New York the next month.
They were leaving a few days after.
She wondered whether he was coming back.
表示按计划，安排过去某时即将发生的动作，但仅限于come ,go ,leave ,start, arrive ,begin, return, fly, drive, do ,have…….Past continuous III
他老是改变主意。
这哥俩经常吵架。
妈妈总是丢钥匙。He was always changing his mind.
The two brothers were frequently quarrelling,
My mother was always losing keys.
与always ,frequently, usually等副词连用，带有感彩。如，赞扬，责备，抱怨等，用过去进行时。
1.We had learnt four thousand new words by the end of last year.
They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.
said/ told/ thought/ wondered
2. We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.Past perfect I
1. 截止到去年年底他已经完成了他的学业。
2. 当我到那时，电影已经开始了。
3. 我回来时他们已经走了。
4. 我在上大学之前就学了5000个单词。 1. He had completed his studies by the end of last year.
2. The film had already begun when I got there .
3. They had left before I returned.
4. I had learnt 5,000 words when I entered the university.
表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态，可用：by ,when, before, until 等引导的状语从句。
Past perfect II
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
他睡觉前赶来12个小时。
旱了好几个月昨天才下雨。
1. Before he slept , he had worked for 12 hours .
2. It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.表示从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到另一个时间的动作或状态。
Past perfect III 1. 我刚一到家就下雨了
2. 我们刚一到她就开始埋怨了。
3. 他刚一入睡电话就再次的响起了。
No sooner ….than ; hardly …when… ;
Scarcely ….when….
I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain.
We had hardly arrived when she started complained.
No sooner had he gone to sleep than telephone rang once more.
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.They had done the work before I returned.
They did the work at five o’clock.He survived.
He was driving a lorry.
He had had lots of jobs.past simplepast perfectpast continuousMatch the sentences with the names of the tenses.Exercise 1 on page 14Before he volunteered to direct traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.
He was driving a lorry when he came off the road.
Somehow he survived.Exercise 2 on page 14Read the sentences and answer the questions.Which tense refers to actions in the past?
Which tense refers to an action in progress when another thing happened?
Which tense refers to something which happened before something else?Key: a. past simple b. past continuous c.past perfectExercise 2 on page 14Complete the passage in exercise 4 with the correct form of the verbs.Key:(1) had done(2) was waiting(3) had seen(4) had asked(5) was crying(6) left(7) ran(8) was talking(9) had finished(10) did(11) knew(12) had happened(13) had forgotten(14) took(15) had frozenExercise 4 on page 14I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! (04北京春 34)
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
2. I ____ you not to move my dictionary ----now I can' t find it. （04 四川 30）
A. asked B. ask
C. was asking D. had asked
cA3. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it. （NMET2004 30）
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
4. –You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
--I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. (NMET 2002 23)
wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t sayDD 5. The little girl ___ her heart out because she ___ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. (02北京 21)
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
6. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (04 北京 28)
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
BA
7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET97 10)
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
8. Shirley ___ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET98 20)
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
BD
9. -- Has Sam finished his homework today?
-- I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （04四川 25）
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
10.－Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－Where was I?
－You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. (04 北京春 24)
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
11. --Hey, look where you are going!
--Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____. (NMET99 24)
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice CCBThe pen ______ well. A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. has written
I have much work _________. A. to do B. to be done C. to be doing D. to have done
Do you have any work _____ now? I’m free. A. to do B. to be done C. to be doing D. to have doneAAB1. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
2. —John took a photograph of you just now.
—Really? What a pity! I____.
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. hadn’t looked D. haven’t lookedCB3. What we used to think ____ impossible now does seem possible. (2006天津)
A.is B. was
C. has been D. will be
4. I ____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006重庆)
A. lived B. was living
C. have lived D. had livedBA5. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ____ before. (2006广东)
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flyingC6. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)
A. expected
B. was expecting
C. was expected
D. would be expectedC7. I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____. (2006安徽)
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had occurredC8. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered. (2006福建)
A. declared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declaredC9. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ____ to half a dozen other groups. (2006湖南)
A. was giving B. am giving
C. had given D. have givenC10. In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南)
A.was to be held
B. has been held
C. will be held
D. is being heldA11. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006江西)
A. worked B. would work
C. would be working
D. has been workingA12. It is said that the early European playing—cards ____ for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁)
A. were being designed
B. have designed
C. have been designed
D. were designedD13. —You look very tired. ____ at all last night?
—No, not really. I’m tired out now. (2006陕西)
A. Do you sleep
B. Were you sleeping
C. Did you sleep
D. Had you sleptC14. _______ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
15. —You speak very good French!
—Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studiedDAFunction“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法 英语中,表示对过去某种情况进行推测或责备、后悔,常用情态动词must, may (might), can(could), should(ought to), would 等＋have＋过去分词表示。依据说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同,使用的情态动词也不同。1. must＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态
的肯定判断。用于肯定的陈述句中(在否定句及疑问句中用can代替must),意思是“一定已经……”。
e.g. If he had really been there, I must
have seen him.
2. can (could)＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的否定或疑问判断。
Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢?
Jim cant have been at home yesterday.
吉姆昨天不可能在家。 3. may/might＋have＋过去分词
表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行的不肯定的推测,语气比使用can (could)弱。might的语气比may更弱。
She may have read the book.
He might not have got your letter.4. need＋have＋过去分词
常用于否定句,表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,表示“本来不必……”。
You needn’t have told him the news.你没有必要告诉他那消息。5. should/ought to＋have＋过去分词
肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但没做)”;否定式表示“过去不该做某事(但做了)”,含有不满或责备之意。
You’re right. I should have thought of that.
She ought to have come earlier.6. would＋have＋过去分词
表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做,用来说明某种情况,不含有责备之意。
I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本来要早点给你写信,但我生病了。If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 我要是看见那个广告了, 我就申请那份工作了。
Practice1. John _____ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done2. -- I don’t know why he is late.
-- Nor do I. He __ have had an accident. A. can B. should C. might D. must
3. He must have seen the inspector last night, ____ he? A. mustn’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t
4. --Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? --Yes, but I ____ have told her. A. should B. shouldn't C. must D. ought to not
5. The playground is all wet. It ___ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have6. We _____ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. A. needn’t B. should C. must D. couldn’t 7. -- Who told you my address? --I don’t remember clearly. It __ Tom. --It ____ Tom. He doesn’t know it. A. may have been; can't be B. can be; mustn’t be C. must have been; can’t have been D. may have been; mustn’t have been 8. John passed the exam. He didn’t study very hard. The exam __ difficult. A. can’t have been B. must have been C. couldn’t be D. might have been
9. She ____ have gone to college, but she didn’t pass the exam. A. might B. would C. must D. need10. It’s already eleven o’clock. He _____to bed. A. must have gone B. must go C. should have gone D. can’t have gone 5. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A.should have been doingB.must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
6. --- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wide animals for 13 years before she returned . ----- Oh , dear! She ____ a lot of difficulties ! A. may go though B. must have gone though C. ought to have gone though D. might go though ______7.---Tom is never late for work .Why is he absent today? ---Something______ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 8.---Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere? ----Well. He ____ have gone far—his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 9.—Lucy doestn’t mind lending you her dictionary. -----She _____. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t__________“I visited China last year.” “That __________________ interesting!”
“I looked after a group of fifteen French children.” “ That __________________ easy!”
They _____________ have got lost, or had an accident.must have beencan’t have beenmightExercise 1 on page 17Complete the sentences in exercise 1 on page 17.Which sentences show that the speaker is certain about something?
Which sentence refers to a possibility in the past? 1 and 23Exercise 1 on page 17“ When I was younger, I worked as a miner.” “ That ______ have been hard.”
I’m surprised David didn’t apply for the job. He ______ have seen the advertisement.mustcan’tExercise 2 on page 17Complete the sentences with must, can’t or might.3. “ Where’s Sam?” “ I don’t know. He _______ have gone to the meeting.
4. I don’t know why the manager didn’t reply. He _______ not have received our letter.
5. Jackie looks happy. They ________ have increased his salary.
6. The secretary wasn’t listening. She _______ have heard what I said.mightmustcan’tmight1. permanent--- temporary
2. pay---salary
3. assistant
4. staff
5. contract
6. earn
7. career prospectsKey to Vocabulary-Ex 1salary/ pay
contract
staff
permanent
earnKey to Vocabulary-Ex 2data analyst
firefighter
lorry driver
school
teacher
social worker
travel agent Key to Vocabulary-Ex 3Have you every driven a large vehicle?
Do you speak any foreign language?
What experience do you have with computers?
Are you interested in primary or secondary education?
Do you enjoy working with people?
How strong are you?
Key to Vocabulary-Ex 41- lorry driver2- travel agent3- data analyst4- school teacher5- social worker6- fire fighterThe end of this part