2011高考英语复习---语篇结构类试题解题指导
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| 名称 | 2011高考英语复习---语篇结构类试题解题指导 |  | |
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结构类阅读题
河北易县育英高级中学 庞永升
【解题指导】文章结构类阅读理解，旨在考查学生对语篇结构理解，其要求学生从语篇整体入手，把握文章结构，进而找出答案。篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
1.2011届广州六校高三毕业班联合考试试卷C
At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders(性别).
David Chadwell, South Carolina’s coordinator of single gender education says, “Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”
Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space,” he says.
The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class.
The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn’t need to move as much as in boy’s class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention.
Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling,” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound more forceful, even excited.
A boy’s nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts(肠道), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. “Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.”
46. What is David Chadwell’s attitude toward separating elementary-age boys and girls while learning
A. Supportive B. Worried C. Concerned D. Uninterested
47. To engage boy in a class, the teacher ______.
A. must have a moving object in this hand B. needs to wear clothes in warm color
C. has to speak politely D. had better move constantly while teaching
48. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
(= Paragraph 1 = Paragraph 2 = Paragraph 3 ….. = Paragraph 8)
A. B.
C. D.
49. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Ways of teaching boys and ways of teaching girls
B. Boys and girls should be separated
C. How boys and girls learn differently
D. How to teach more effectively
50. Which of the following students is most likely to be focused
A. A boy sitting in a warm room B. A standing boy who is faced with stress
C. A girl standing in a cold room D. A girl who is facing a lot of pressure
C: ADACB
46. A。 推断题。第二段：we can teach boys and girls based on what we now know
47. D。 推理判断题。第三段：sensitive to motion and direction 第五段：doesn’t need to move as much as in boys’ class
48. A。 篇章结构题。
49. C。 主旨大意题。
50. B 细节题。第七段。
2．西南师大附中高2011级第一次月考E
Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene(基因) is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality(道德) or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single (or more) organ(s). It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.
Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
21． Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Genetic limitations will be beneficial for some women.
B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing.
C. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists.
D. Forbidding cloning might limit the freedom of scientists.
22． What’s the author’s opinion on cloning
A. It should be entirely banned. B. It is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.
C. It will take away the right to reproduce. D. It should be used in creating life.
23． Where can you read this article
A. In a story book. B. In a magazine.
C. In a science fiction. D. In a novel.
24． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage(1—6 refer to paragraph 1—6)
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】DBBA
3.北京市日坛中学2010—2011学年度第一学期 摸底考试高三年级英语试题2010.8D
The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government's health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people's health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one's family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
72．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Prevention or Education
B．Exercise or Illness
C．Health or Illness
D．Prevention or Treatment
73．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt’’
A．Unable to be cured
B．Unable to pay one’s debts
C．Stronger than ever before
D．More successful than ever before
74．We learn from the passage that .
A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases
B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise
C．the more health education, the better
D．the government’s health budget should be increased
75．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP (Central Point) P (Point) Sp (Sub-point次要点) C (Conclusion)
4.高考资源网赤峰市元宝山区第二中学2011届高三补习班阶段测试
篇章结构（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，将标有A~F的段落或句子插入文章中题号为41~45的恰当位置，使全篇文章意义完整，结构连贯。
注意：有一个选项是多余的。
Deep into the night, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson’s restaurant and everybody got off the bus except Tom. 41 perhaps he was a sea captain; maybe he had run away from wife; 42 . When they went to bus, one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself. After a long time, slowly and painfully, be began to tell his story. He had been in prison in New York for the last four years, and he was going home.
“Well, when I was in prison I wrote to my wife. I said, Martha, I understand if you can’t stay married to me. I said I was going to be away a long time, and that if she couldn’t stand it, if the kids kept asking questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could just forget me. Get a new young man—she’s wonderful woman—and forget all about me. 43 Not for the three and a half years.”
“Last week, when I was sure freedom was coming through, I wrote to her. I told her that if she had a new young man , I would understand. 44 We used to live in this town, Brunswick ,and there’s great big oak tree just as you come in to the town. I told her if she would take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and if she didn’t want me, forgot me, no handkerchief and I’d keep going on through.”
45 When they were 20 miles from Brunswick, the young man took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Tom stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con’s mask. Then it was 10 miles, and then five, and the bus became very quiet.
Then suddenly all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, except Tom.
A．You know, I love my wife deeply.
B．But if she didn’t, if the would take me back, she should let me know.
C．The young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life;
D．Soon all the others were in it.
E．I told her she didn’t have to write to me, and she didn’t.
F．he could be an old soldier going home.
【答案】41—45 CFEBD
5.（10北京）D
The Cost of Higher Education
（para5）Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
70. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.
A. argue against free university education B. call on them to finance students' studies
C. encourage graduates to go into business D. show their contribution to higher education
【解析】A结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，地球人都知道：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文的哪都可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education.
6.（10重庆）C
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s form the left. Considering most of the word’s population----men and women----are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left
History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button form the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning form the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned form the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
67. The passage is mainly developed by .
A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons
C. examining differences D. following the time order
【解析】A篇章结构题。本题考查文章的论证方法。通观整篇文章可以看出，作在开始提到一个现象――男女衣服的标准相反，然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因，最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因。由此判断选A项。
7.（2009北京）
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design
spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy
at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research
indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract
connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to
concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced
the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study
led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner
and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had
higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily
overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true
generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard
Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're
almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what we're all struggling with."
67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Sub—point（次要点）C: Conclusion
【解析】C篇章结构题。本题考查段落的组织形式。本文第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点1、2、3共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为C。
9.[2010·重庆西南师大5月模拟]
词数：348 体裁：议论文 难度：4
There is a boy in my gym class (I’ll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that’s “tact”.
If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish(亮光油), which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact.
“Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”. Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “I’m sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and…”
Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This won’t hurt a bit.” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.
Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.
21． When told he should “go Ajax” his teeth, Bill probably felt ________________.
A．surprised B．cheated
C．regretful D．painful
21D考查判断推理。根据Bill was crushed“Bill的精神被摧毁”和He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way“他本能用更小心、体贴的方法提出这一痛苦的事实。”可知选D。
22． According to the author, his mother’s praise for the brother is _______________.
A．both sensitive and tactful B．sensitive but not tactful enough
C．truthful but not tactful D．sensitive but trickish
22B考查判断推理。根据If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful.和sensitivity alone does not make tact.可知选B。
23． The fourth paragraph mainly talks about __________________.
A．how to comfort the patients
B．how to use trickery carefully
C．differences between trickery and promises
D．another feature of tact
23D考查判断推理。根据文章的结构可知，2、3、4段分别讲述了tact“圆滑”的三个特点。第四段是其中的一个。故选D。
24． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)
A． B． C． D．
24C考查文章结构。根据文章总体可知，第一段提出问题；第二、三、四段分述三个特点；第五段总结叙述圆滑的意义。
10. [2010·浙江鲁迅中学高三适应性考试]
词数：451 体裁：议论文 难度：4
Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
53. What is the central theme of this text
A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.
B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
53C考查主旨要义。根据文意2、3、4改变销售方法促销，5、6说明与国外生产商既竞争又合作，
这些都表明玫瑰商想方设法迎接挑战取得成功。
54．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field
A．By setting up more chain stores across the country.
B．By selling roses in supermarkets.
C．By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D．By selling roses by the dozen.
54C考查细节理解。根据Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.和Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain可知选C。
55．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (①to ⑦ represent paragraphs 1 to 7)
55A考查文章结构。根据文章整体结构可知，第一段提出问题，第二、三、四说明促销方法，第五、六段与国外生产商竞争合作，第七段总结。
56．After reading the passage, we learn all of the following EXCEPT .
A．Selling roses is no longer as easy for traditional flower shops as it was.
B．Almost 90% of roses sold in US are imported from Colombia and Ecuador.
C．US rose growers are faced with intense foreign competition.
D．the Johnsons are trying to co-operate with foreign competitors instead of fighting them.
56B考查细节理解。根据The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year.可知选B。
11.（2008·北京卷）E
词数：339体裁：议论文 难度：5星 文章标题：节食区：危险的地方The Diet Zone：A Dangerous Place
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.
（ ）1. From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.
A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with diet products
【答案】C
【思路分析】考查推断能力。从第一段可看出，人们很容易受到节食产品的吸引，就不去思考节食产品对人们身心健康的影响，于是花钱买那些产品。这些产品误导了人们。
（ ）2. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.
A. try out a variety of diet foods
B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods
C. pay attention to their own eating habits
D. watch their weight rather than their diet
【答案】D
【思路分析】考查推断能力。从第二段可看出，人们非常重视他们的体重，不加任何思考地去购买节食产品，只看是否有节食标签。这说明他们急于去尝试那些产品。
（ ）3. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories
【答案】A
【思路分析】考查细节理解的能力。从第三段可看出，每次我们喝下标明不含热量的饮料，就给我们一个暗示，我们不会增加体重，减肥是很容易的事(we don’t have to work to get results.)。另外，本段的最后半句(and that life can be without resistance and struggle.)也说明了划线部分的意义。
（ ）4. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.
A. are over-consumed
B. lack basic nutrients
C. are short of chemicals
D. provide too much energy
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查细节理解的能力。从第四段第二句可看出，吃所谓的健康食品，就是阻止人体吸收基本的营养成分。另外，从本段最后一句也可以看出，节食产品没有营养(Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.)
（ ）5. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查学生对文章结构的分析能力。文章从两个要点来说明中心观点，这两个要点是1）节食产品对人们心理的伤害。2）节食产品对人们身体的伤害。为了说明第一个要点，文章中用了两个自然段，即第二自然段和第三自然段（分析理解是正确回答此题的关键）。所以，答案B是正确的。
12.（2008·重庆卷）C
词数：245体裁：议论文 难度：4星 文章标题：一心多用 Able to Multitask
Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
（ ）1. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Want to buy
B. Take the place of.
C. Use at the same time
D. Seek for information from.
【答案】C
【思路分析】此题为词义猜测题。从doing several things at the same time可以看出在young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study中juggle表示同时在干... ...
（ ）2. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that .
A. family members do not cat at the family table
B. family member do not greet each other
C. young people live happily in their families
D. young people seldom talk with their family members
【答案】D
【思路分析】此题为细节判断。从They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table. 可以判断出答案为D.
（ ）3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.
B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets
C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.
D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.
【答案】A
【思路分析】此题为归纳大意试题。从本段主题句Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. 可以得出答案为A.
（ ）4. The author develops the passage mainly by .
A. providing typical examples
B. following the natural time order
C. comparing opinions from different fields
D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects
【答案】D
【思路分析】本题考查对全文的写作结构的归纳。从文章的第一段可以看出：作者先提出在8岁到18岁之间的年轻人身上的 being able to multitask是不受人欢迎的这么一个观点。接着作者分析了being able to multitask给这些年轻人带来的坏的影响。
13.（2008·江苏卷）A
词数：297体裁：议论文 难度：3星 文章标题：掌握时间Manage Your Time
What time is it Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don’t know for sure, it’s very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist; there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you’re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard(仪表板).
Even if you don’t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates(调节) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge(排出) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions.
Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge ” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.
By taking control of how you spend your time, you’ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.
（ ）１. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.
A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you
C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查猜测词义的能力，文章第三段作者亮出观点：谁来主宰时间，并又进一步指出：要么让时间溜走，成为我们的大敌；要么我们管好时间，使之成为我们的朋友，此处ally一词和上句的enemy恰好词义相对，语意相反，可知B为正确答案。
（ ）２. The author intends to tell us that time ______.
A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch
B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies
C. should be well managed for our own interest
D. should be saved for outside interests
【答案】C
【思路分析】考查学生的综合理解能力，作者在文章中阐明了我们如何去管理时间，进而成为时间的主人，所以C项切中文意，为正确答案。
（ ）3. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ______.
A. how to keep up with the times B. how to make up for lost time
C. how to have a good time D. how to make good use of time
【答案】D
【思路分析】考查学生的信息整合和处理能力，属于推理判断型题目，从文章最后一段末句可知作者下面将讨论我们将如何更好地利用时间为我们服务，故D项为正确答案。
14.（2008·江苏卷）务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
词数：426 体裁：议论文 难度：4星 文章标题：团队工作Working Together
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.
Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.
What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.
Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.
Title Working Together
Theme Effective performance needs highly cooperated (1) ?▲ .
General rules ·Keep an open mind to everyone’s (2) ?▲ .·Divide the group task among group members.·(3) ?▲ and trust each other.
(4) ?▲ ·Understand and agree to the (5) ?▲ task of one’s own.·Take turns doing various tasks.·Show concern for others to ensure safety.·Take (6) ?▲ for one’s own learning.·Compare your own observations with those of others.
Explore an issue ·Break the (7) ?▲ into several areas.·Keep records of the sources just in (8) ?▲ .·(9) ?▲ your information with others via proper format.·Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.
(10) ?▲ Effectiveness ·Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.·Find out the opportunities and challenges.
【答案】1.teamwork 2.ideas/opinions/views/thoughts 3.Support/Encourage/Back 4.Suggestions 5.given/assigned 6.responsibility 7. topic/subject/issue 8. case 9. Exchange/Share 10. Evaluate
15.In America, after middle school comes high school, which includes grades 9 through 12. Students are required to take certain subjects like English，social studies, math, science, and physical education. In addition，they choose among elective (可选修的) subjects to complete their high school education. Electives include subjects in technology, music, art, and foreign languages.
Each student in the school has their own locker for books and personal items, which saves students from carrying textbooks, and allows students a small space they can decorate with posters and favorite objects.
Cheating in any form is strictly prohibited in American schools. And in fact, a student caught in plagiarism(剽窃) faces serious punishment.
Each school holds certain activities for the entire school body, such as homecoming, prom(正式舞会) night, holiday celebrations, etc.
While homecoming is celebrated differently at each school, it usually includes a parade and the crowning of the Homecoming King and Queen, and ends with a football game and school dance. The prom is a formal dance for students in grades 11 and 12, and is generally accepted as the most important social event of the school year. It can also be a time of anxiety，as boys have to work up the courage to ask a date to the prom, and girls hope the right boy invites them.
Most high schools have at least one sports team that competes in local events, and all students are encouraged to take part in sports.
Many high school students have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16, some even earlier. their first jobs are often babysitting or cutting lawns, but later they will likely get a job at a fast-food restaurant, video store, or clothing shop.
Sixteen years old is the legal driving age in most states, and students usually want to own a car as soon as they can. Many teenagers feel it’s a necessity to own a car, and will do whatever it takes to be able to drive.
56. The underlined word “prohibited” in the third paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
A. dropped B. agreed C. not encouraged D. not allowed
57. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A. ①②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥⑦⑧ B. ①②③/ ④⑤⑥/ ⑦⑧
C. ①②③/ ④⑤/ ⑥/ ⑦/ ⑧ D. ①/ ②③④⑤/ ⑥⑦/ ⑧
58. From the short passage we can infer that
A. All high schools hold some activities for students every year, like homecoming.
B. American parents usually buy cars as graduation presents for their children.
C. If the American boys and girls can earn enough money they can buy a used car to drive.
D. High school students must have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16.
56. D点拨：本题是考察词义猜测题。由此段的后句face serious punishment知答案。
57. C点拨：本题是结构考察题。前三段讲的是学习上的情况，接下来两段讲的是舞会，最后三段分别讲到了体育运动、学生兼职和驾驶。故C正确。
58. A点拨：本题是推理判断题。B项，美国家长有的可能会给孩子买车作为毕业礼物，但并非是普遍的行为。C项，美国孩子即使挣到足够的钱，由于年龄不够，也不可能买车开。D项，美国高中生的兼职行为是一种自愿行为
16.河北省唐山市2010—2011学年度高三年级摸底考试E
The first time I decided to leave home was when 1 was in high schoo1．1 was having trouble getting along will my parents．I had about a hundred dollars in my pocket，and so I thought about leaving home, It took me 6my three weeks away from home when I stared to feel homesick. Living on my own is a totally different experience for three main reasons：being more responsible, more decisive and more creative
First of all，I have learned that living on my own requires that I become more responsible．My parents usually tell me to carry out my work and duties almost every day．men I fail to do the work，I only get scolded. However now that I am on my own，I get to deal with my duties without being told to．When I fail to do my duties，I must also deal with the result by myself
Another different experience for me while living on my own is that now I have become more decisive. ·I have to be more careful since I am on my own because my parents are not here to give me their advice. I must make my own decisions．For example，I must make the best decisions for myself without hurting anybody’s feelings and without my parents，guidance．
Therefore，I became more creative just by living on my own．I could make my own future plan-l have made rules for myself to follow．This to me is a good experience，because I usually think that being creative is the．nicest thing in the world．However, when 1 was with my parents
l found it hard for me to be creative simply because I always followed their ideas．
In conclusion，these are the things that usually happen when I am with my parents and when I am alone. Besides，I think that it is better for everyone to love their parents and themselyes before they love anyone else．They should leam how to live on their own. but meanwhile learn how to follow every technique that was given to them by their Parents．They can make use of their freedom of choice to lead to wherever they want。
57．According to the text，the author decided to leave home because
A．he would like to live in the school with fellows
B．he found it hard to get on well with his parents
C．he had to go on with．his studies in．another city
D．he felt he was old enough to live on his own
58．What did the author think matters most in the world
A．Being independent． B．Being responsible．
C．Being creative． D．Being more decisive．
59．The passage mainly tells us that .
A．one Can be, free of trouble by living on one’s own
B．one can enjoy more freedom by living on one，s own
C．living alone can help one keep good relationships with parents
D．1iving alone helps one become responsible，decisive and creative
60．How is the text developed
A．Explanation—Examples—Conclusion
B．Explanation—Research—Conclusion
C．Argument—Information—Conclusion
D．Argument—Reasons—Conclusion
【答案】BCDD
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河北易县育英高级中学 庞永升
【解题指导】文章结构类阅读理解，旨在考查学生对语篇结构理解，其要求学生从语篇整体入手，把握文章结构，进而找出答案。篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
1.2011届广州六校高三毕业班联合考试试卷C
At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders(性别).
David Chadwell, South Carolina’s coordinator of single gender education says, “Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”
Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space,” he says.
The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class.
The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn’t need to move as much as in boy’s class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention.
Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling,” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound more forceful, even excited.
A boy’s nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts(肠道), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. “Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.”
46. What is David Chadwell’s attitude toward separating elementary-age boys and girls while learning
A. Supportive B. Worried C. Concerned D. Uninterested
47. To engage boy in a class, the teacher ______.
A. must have a moving object in this hand B. needs to wear clothes in warm color
C. has to speak politely D. had better move constantly while teaching
48. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
(= Paragraph 1 = Paragraph 2 = Paragraph 3 ….. = Paragraph 8)
A. B.
C. D.
49. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Ways of teaching boys and ways of teaching girls
B. Boys and girls should be separated
C. How boys and girls learn differently
D. How to teach more effectively
50. Which of the following students is most likely to be focused
A. A boy sitting in a warm room B. A standing boy who is faced with stress
C. A girl standing in a cold room D. A girl who is facing a lot of pressure
C: ADACB
46. A。 推断题。第二段：we can teach boys and girls based on what we now know
47. D。 推理判断题。第三段：sensitive to motion and direction 第五段：doesn’t need to move as much as in boys’ class
48. A。 篇章结构题。
49. C。 主旨大意题。
50. B 细节题。第七段。
2．西南师大附中高2011级第一次月考E
Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene(基因) is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality(道德) or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single (or more) organ(s). It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.
Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
21． Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Genetic limitations will be beneficial for some women.
B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing.
C. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists.
D. Forbidding cloning might limit the freedom of scientists.
22． What’s the author’s opinion on cloning
A. It should be entirely banned. B. It is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.
C. It will take away the right to reproduce. D. It should be used in creating life.
23． Where can you read this article
A. In a story book. B. In a magazine.
C. In a science fiction. D. In a novel.
24． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage(1—6 refer to paragraph 1—6)
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】DBBA
3.北京市日坛中学2010—2011学年度第一学期 摸底考试高三年级英语试题2010.8D
The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government's health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people's health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one's family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
72．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Prevention or Education
B．Exercise or Illness
C．Health or Illness
D．Prevention or Treatment
73．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt’’
A．Unable to be cured
B．Unable to pay one’s debts
C．Stronger than ever before
D．More successful than ever before
74．We learn from the passage that .
A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases
B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise
C．the more health education, the better
D．the government’s health budget should be increased
75．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP (Central Point) P (Point) Sp (Sub-point次要点) C (Conclusion)
4.高考资源网赤峰市元宝山区第二中学2011届高三补习班阶段测试
篇章结构（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，将标有A~F的段落或句子插入文章中题号为41~45的恰当位置，使全篇文章意义完整，结构连贯。
注意：有一个选项是多余的。
Deep into the night, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson’s restaurant and everybody got off the bus except Tom. 41 perhaps he was a sea captain; maybe he had run away from wife; 42 . When they went to bus, one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself. After a long time, slowly and painfully, be began to tell his story. He had been in prison in New York for the last four years, and he was going home.
“Well, when I was in prison I wrote to my wife. I said, Martha, I understand if you can’t stay married to me. I said I was going to be away a long time, and that if she couldn’t stand it, if the kids kept asking questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could just forget me. Get a new young man—she’s wonderful woman—and forget all about me. 43 Not for the three and a half years.”
“Last week, when I was sure freedom was coming through, I wrote to her. I told her that if she had a new young man , I would understand. 44 We used to live in this town, Brunswick ,and there’s great big oak tree just as you come in to the town. I told her if she would take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and if she didn’t want me, forgot me, no handkerchief and I’d keep going on through.”
45 When they were 20 miles from Brunswick, the young man took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Tom stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con’s mask. Then it was 10 miles, and then five, and the bus became very quiet.
Then suddenly all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, except Tom.
A．You know, I love my wife deeply.
B．But if she didn’t, if the would take me back, she should let me know.
C．The young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life;
D．Soon all the others were in it.
E．I told her she didn’t have to write to me, and she didn’t.
F．he could be an old soldier going home.
【答案】41—45 CFEBD
5.（10北京）D
The Cost of Higher Education
（para5）Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
70. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.
A. argue against free university education B. call on them to finance students' studies
C. encourage graduates to go into business D. show their contribution to higher education
【解析】A结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，地球人都知道：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文的哪都可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education.
6.（10重庆）C
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s form the left. Considering most of the word’s population----men and women----are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left
History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button form the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning form the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned form the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
67. The passage is mainly developed by .
A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons
C. examining differences D. following the time order
【解析】A篇章结构题。本题考查文章的论证方法。通观整篇文章可以看出，作在开始提到一个现象――男女衣服的标准相反，然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因，最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因。由此判断选A项。
7.（2009北京）
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design
spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy
at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research
indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract
connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to
concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced
the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study
led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner
and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had
higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily
overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true
generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard
Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're
almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what we're all struggling with."
67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Sub—point（次要点）C: Conclusion
【解析】C篇章结构题。本题考查段落的组织形式。本文第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点1、2、3共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为C。
9.[2010·重庆西南师大5月模拟]
词数：348 体裁：议论文 难度：4
There is a boy in my gym class (I’ll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that’s “tact”.
If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish(亮光油), which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact.
“Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”. Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “I’m sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and…”
Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This won’t hurt a bit.” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.
Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.
21． When told he should “go Ajax” his teeth, Bill probably felt ________________.
A．surprised B．cheated
C．regretful D．painful
21D考查判断推理。根据Bill was crushed“Bill的精神被摧毁”和He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way“他本能用更小心、体贴的方法提出这一痛苦的事实。”可知选D。
22． According to the author, his mother’s praise for the brother is _______________.
A．both sensitive and tactful B．sensitive but not tactful enough
C．truthful but not tactful D．sensitive but trickish
22B考查判断推理。根据If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful.和sensitivity alone does not make tact.可知选B。
23． The fourth paragraph mainly talks about __________________.
A．how to comfort the patients
B．how to use trickery carefully
C．differences between trickery and promises
D．another feature of tact
23D考查判断推理。根据文章的结构可知，2、3、4段分别讲述了tact“圆滑”的三个特点。第四段是其中的一个。故选D。
24． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)
A． B． C． D．
24C考查文章结构。根据文章总体可知，第一段提出问题；第二、三、四段分述三个特点；第五段总结叙述圆滑的意义。
10. [2010·浙江鲁迅中学高三适应性考试]
词数：451 体裁：议论文 难度：4
Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
53. What is the central theme of this text
A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.
B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
53C考查主旨要义。根据文意2、3、4改变销售方法促销，5、6说明与国外生产商既竞争又合作，
这些都表明玫瑰商想方设法迎接挑战取得成功。
54．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field
A．By setting up more chain stores across the country.
B．By selling roses in supermarkets.
C．By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D．By selling roses by the dozen.
54C考查细节理解。根据Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.和Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain可知选C。
55．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (①to ⑦ represent paragraphs 1 to 7)
55A考查文章结构。根据文章整体结构可知，第一段提出问题，第二、三、四说明促销方法，第五、六段与国外生产商竞争合作，第七段总结。
56．After reading the passage, we learn all of the following EXCEPT .
A．Selling roses is no longer as easy for traditional flower shops as it was.
B．Almost 90% of roses sold in US are imported from Colombia and Ecuador.
C．US rose growers are faced with intense foreign competition.
D．the Johnsons are trying to co-operate with foreign competitors instead of fighting them.
56B考查细节理解。根据The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year.可知选B。
11.（2008·北京卷）E
词数：339体裁：议论文 难度：5星 文章标题：节食区：危险的地方The Diet Zone：A Dangerous Place
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.
（ ）1. From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.
A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with diet products
【答案】C
【思路分析】考查推断能力。从第一段可看出，人们很容易受到节食产品的吸引，就不去思考节食产品对人们身心健康的影响，于是花钱买那些产品。这些产品误导了人们。
（ ）2. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.
A. try out a variety of diet foods
B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods
C. pay attention to their own eating habits
D. watch their weight rather than their diet
【答案】D
【思路分析】考查推断能力。从第二段可看出，人们非常重视他们的体重，不加任何思考地去购买节食产品，只看是否有节食标签。这说明他们急于去尝试那些产品。
（ ）3. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories
【答案】A
【思路分析】考查细节理解的能力。从第三段可看出，每次我们喝下标明不含热量的饮料，就给我们一个暗示，我们不会增加体重，减肥是很容易的事(we don’t have to work to get results.)。另外，本段的最后半句(and that life can be without resistance and struggle.)也说明了划线部分的意义。
（ ）4. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.
A. are over-consumed
B. lack basic nutrients
C. are short of chemicals
D. provide too much energy
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查细节理解的能力。从第四段第二句可看出，吃所谓的健康食品，就是阻止人体吸收基本的营养成分。另外，从本段最后一句也可以看出，节食产品没有营养(Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.)
（ ）5. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查学生对文章结构的分析能力。文章从两个要点来说明中心观点，这两个要点是1）节食产品对人们心理的伤害。2）节食产品对人们身体的伤害。为了说明第一个要点，文章中用了两个自然段，即第二自然段和第三自然段（分析理解是正确回答此题的关键）。所以，答案B是正确的。
12.（2008·重庆卷）C
词数：245体裁：议论文 难度：4星 文章标题：一心多用 Able to Multitask
Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
（ ）1. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Want to buy
B. Take the place of.
C. Use at the same time
D. Seek for information from.
【答案】C
【思路分析】此题为词义猜测题。从doing several things at the same time可以看出在young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study中juggle表示同时在干... ...
（ ）2. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that .
A. family members do not cat at the family table
B. family member do not greet each other
C. young people live happily in their families
D. young people seldom talk with their family members
【答案】D
【思路分析】此题为细节判断。从They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table. 可以判断出答案为D.
（ ）3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.
B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets
C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.
D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.
【答案】A
【思路分析】此题为归纳大意试题。从本段主题句Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. 可以得出答案为A.
（ ）4. The author develops the passage mainly by .
A. providing typical examples
B. following the natural time order
C. comparing opinions from different fields
D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects
【答案】D
【思路分析】本题考查对全文的写作结构的归纳。从文章的第一段可以看出：作者先提出在8岁到18岁之间的年轻人身上的 being able to multitask是不受人欢迎的这么一个观点。接着作者分析了being able to multitask给这些年轻人带来的坏的影响。
13.（2008·江苏卷）A
词数：297体裁：议论文 难度：3星 文章标题：掌握时间Manage Your Time
What time is it Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don’t know for sure, it’s very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist; there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you’re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard(仪表板).
Even if you don’t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates(调节) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge(排出) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions.
Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge ” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.
By taking control of how you spend your time, you’ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.
（ ）１. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.
A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you
C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you
【答案】B
【思路分析】考查猜测词义的能力，文章第三段作者亮出观点：谁来主宰时间，并又进一步指出：要么让时间溜走，成为我们的大敌；要么我们管好时间，使之成为我们的朋友，此处ally一词和上句的enemy恰好词义相对，语意相反，可知B为正确答案。
（ ）２. The author intends to tell us that time ______.
A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch
B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies
C. should be well managed for our own interest
D. should be saved for outside interests
【答案】C
【思路分析】考查学生的综合理解能力，作者在文章中阐明了我们如何去管理时间，进而成为时间的主人，所以C项切中文意，为正确答案。
（ ）3. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ______.
A. how to keep up with the times B. how to make up for lost time
C. how to have a good time D. how to make good use of time
【答案】D
【思路分析】考查学生的信息整合和处理能力，属于推理判断型题目，从文章最后一段末句可知作者下面将讨论我们将如何更好地利用时间为我们服务，故D项为正确答案。
14.（2008·江苏卷）务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
词数：426 体裁：议论文 难度：4星 文章标题：团队工作Working Together
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.
Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.
What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.
Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.
Title Working Together
Theme Effective performance needs highly cooperated (1) ?▲ .
General rules ·Keep an open mind to everyone’s (2) ?▲ .·Divide the group task among group members.·(3) ?▲ and trust each other.
(4) ?▲ ·Understand and agree to the (5) ?▲ task of one’s own.·Take turns doing various tasks.·Show concern for others to ensure safety.·Take (6) ?▲ for one’s own learning.·Compare your own observations with those of others.
Explore an issue ·Break the (7) ?▲ into several areas.·Keep records of the sources just in (8) ?▲ .·(9) ?▲ your information with others via proper format.·Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.
(10) ?▲ Effectiveness ·Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.·Find out the opportunities and challenges.
【答案】1.teamwork 2.ideas/opinions/views/thoughts 3.Support/Encourage/Back 4.Suggestions 5.given/assigned 6.responsibility 7. topic/subject/issue 8. case 9. Exchange/Share 10. Evaluate
15.In America, after middle school comes high school, which includes grades 9 through 12. Students are required to take certain subjects like English，social studies, math, science, and physical education. In addition，they choose among elective (可选修的) subjects to complete their high school education. Electives include subjects in technology, music, art, and foreign languages.
Each student in the school has their own locker for books and personal items, which saves students from carrying textbooks, and allows students a small space they can decorate with posters and favorite objects.
Cheating in any form is strictly prohibited in American schools. And in fact, a student caught in plagiarism(剽窃) faces serious punishment.
Each school holds certain activities for the entire school body, such as homecoming, prom(正式舞会) night, holiday celebrations, etc.
While homecoming is celebrated differently at each school, it usually includes a parade and the crowning of the Homecoming King and Queen, and ends with a football game and school dance. The prom is a formal dance for students in grades 11 and 12, and is generally accepted as the most important social event of the school year. It can also be a time of anxiety，as boys have to work up the courage to ask a date to the prom, and girls hope the right boy invites them.
Most high schools have at least one sports team that competes in local events, and all students are encouraged to take part in sports.
Many high school students have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16, some even earlier. their first jobs are often babysitting or cutting lawns, but later they will likely get a job at a fast-food restaurant, video store, or clothing shop.
Sixteen years old is the legal driving age in most states, and students usually want to own a car as soon as they can. Many teenagers feel it’s a necessity to own a car, and will do whatever it takes to be able to drive.
56. The underlined word “prohibited” in the third paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
A. dropped B. agreed C. not encouraged D. not allowed
57. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A. ①②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥⑦⑧ B. ①②③/ ④⑤⑥/ ⑦⑧
C. ①②③/ ④⑤/ ⑥/ ⑦/ ⑧ D. ①/ ②③④⑤/ ⑥⑦/ ⑧
58. From the short passage we can infer that
A. All high schools hold some activities for students every year, like homecoming.
B. American parents usually buy cars as graduation presents for their children.
C. If the American boys and girls can earn enough money they can buy a used car to drive.
D. High school students must have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16.
56. D点拨：本题是考察词义猜测题。由此段的后句face serious punishment知答案。
57. C点拨：本题是结构考察题。前三段讲的是学习上的情况，接下来两段讲的是舞会，最后三段分别讲到了体育运动、学生兼职和驾驶。故C正确。
58. A点拨：本题是推理判断题。B项，美国家长有的可能会给孩子买车作为毕业礼物，但并非是普遍的行为。C项，美国孩子即使挣到足够的钱，由于年龄不够，也不可能买车开。D项，美国高中生的兼职行为是一种自愿行为
16.河北省唐山市2010—2011学年度高三年级摸底考试E
The first time I decided to leave home was when 1 was in high schoo1．1 was having trouble getting along will my parents．I had about a hundred dollars in my pocket，and so I thought about leaving home, It took me 6my three weeks away from home when I stared to feel homesick. Living on my own is a totally different experience for three main reasons：being more responsible, more decisive and more creative
First of all，I have learned that living on my own requires that I become more responsible．My parents usually tell me to carry out my work and duties almost every day．men I fail to do the work，I only get scolded. However now that I am on my own，I get to deal with my duties without being told to．When I fail to do my duties，I must also deal with the result by myself
Another different experience for me while living on my own is that now I have become more decisive. ·I have to be more careful since I am on my own because my parents are not here to give me their advice. I must make my own decisions．For example，I must make the best decisions for myself without hurting anybody’s feelings and without my parents，guidance．
Therefore，I became more creative just by living on my own．I could make my own future plan-l have made rules for myself to follow．This to me is a good experience，because I usually think that being creative is the．nicest thing in the world．However, when 1 was with my parents
l found it hard for me to be creative simply because I always followed their ideas．
In conclusion，these are the things that usually happen when I am with my parents and when I am alone. Besides，I think that it is better for everyone to love their parents and themselyes before they love anyone else．They should leam how to live on their own. but meanwhile learn how to follow every technique that was given to them by their Parents．They can make use of their freedom of choice to lead to wherever they want。
57．According to the text，the author decided to leave home because
A．he would like to live in the school with fellows
B．he found it hard to get on well with his parents
C．he had to go on with．his studies in．another city
D．he felt he was old enough to live on his own
58．What did the author think matters most in the world
A．Being independent． B．Being responsible．
C．Being creative． D．Being more decisive．
59．The passage mainly tells us that .
A．one Can be, free of trouble by living on one’s own
B．one can enjoy more freedom by living on one，s own
C．living alone can help one keep good relationships with parents
D．1iving alone helps one become responsible，decisive and creative
60．How is the text developed
A．Explanation—Examples—Conclusion
B．Explanation—Research—Conclusion
C．Argument—Information—Conclusion
D．Argument—Reasons—Conclusion
【答案】BCDD
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