高考英语语法专项突破讲与练（1）名词
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课件25张PPT。高考英语语法运用难点突破 专题讲与练一、名词用法难点突破(一）名词概述英语名词在英语词类中极为活跃，高
考主要考查名词的含义、名词与动
词、冠词，介词、数词等的得体搭配
等。而名词的难点却在于其单复数的变化方式。（二）名词词类的转换
1、个体名词 →抽象名词
Our school is not fat from my home.
School is over at four in their country.
She held some flowers in her hand.
The tress are now in flower.2）1）2. 物质名词→个体名词
Iron is a kind of metal.
Please lend me your iron, will you?
He broke a piece of glass while cleaning.
He broke a glass at the party and was
scolded by his mother. 1）2）3. 抽象名词→个体名词1） Youth is beautiful and we must value it.
He is a youth of twenty but he has made
great achievement.4.个体名词→物质名词
1） I bought a chicken this morning.
2) Please help yourself to some chicken.
3) I have an egg for breakfast with some
milk every morning.
4) Egg is my favorite dish and I don’t like
meat too much.
5) There is a pine in front of the house.
6) These desks are made of pine. （三）名词单复数1.只能加s的名词
(1) 辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词
two Marys; the Henrys; two Germanys
(2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词
tobaccos; photos; pianos
只能加es的名词
(1)以s; x; sh; ch结尾的名词
classes; boxes; dishes; watches
但stomach的复数为stomachs
（2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词
heroes; potatoes; tomatoes
3.辅音字母加o结尾的名词可加s, es的名词
zeros; zeroes 4. 以f或fe结尾的名词
1)变f为v加es或s
half—halves; knife—knives; leaf—leaves
life—lives; thief—thieves; wife—wives;
wolf—wolves; loaf—loaves
2)直接加s
beliefs; roofs; safes; gulfs; chiefs;
cliffs; proofs
3)可加s也可变f为v加es
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves5.不规则名词复数
abacus—abaci/abacuses
analysis—analyses
bacterium—bacteria
basis—bases
child—children
foot—feet
man—men (Germans; humans)
mouse—mice
ox—oxen
phenomenon—phenomena
tooth—teeth
woman—women6.一些特殊名词的单复数
单数型，单、复数同型名词
a dear—five deer
a sheep—five sheep
a fish—five fish （a fish—five fishes表种类)
a Chinese—five Chinese
a Japanese—five Japanese
a Swiss—five Swiss
2)以汉语音译为单位的词无复数
a li—five li;
a mu—five mu;
a Chinese yuan—five Chinese yuan
3)形似单数，实为复数的名词
people—five people
police—five police
cattle—a head of cattle
—five cattle/five head of cattle4) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词
mathematics/maths
politics
physics5)以复数结尾的国名，书名作单数处理
The United States is a developed country.
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. 6) 以s结尾，单复数同形的名词
means: Every means has been tried.
These means are out of date.
works: He acts as an engineer in an iron and
steel works.
We’ve built two nuclear power works in
our city.
species: This is a species of orange.
He caught many species of snakes. 7)只有复数的名词
glasses: Your glasses are on your nose.
trousers: My new trousers are too long.
clothes: These clothes are a little too expensive.
noodles: Wanzhou noodles are very delicious.8)集合名词的单复数
指整体为单数；指成员为复数
family; party; team; group; crew; delegation
(1) Many families were broken during the war.
(2) These parties are not in favor of the plan.
(3) The team has won the final and are now
having dinner in a restaurant. 7.物质名词的可数形式
1) 物质名词表个体或种类
Coke is a kind of western food.
She gave him a cake at his birthday party.
These cakes are a little bit too sweet.2)物质名词表份数
Our country is famous for tea.
Two teas, please.
--Two beers and three milks?
--No, only one beer and milk, please.8.单位名词的数1)有单复数之分的单位名词
piece; cake; bottle; cup; bowl; bag; basket;
glass; slice; grain
a cake of soap—ten cakes of soap
a grain of rice—ten grains of rice2) kind; type; sort表单位
(1)I don’t like this kind of apple, but I prefer
those two kinds of apple(s).
(2)Books of this kind sell well in our shop.
(3)The shop sells five types of computer(s).3)只有单数的单位词
dozen; score; head
a dozen of balls—five dozen of balls
a score of birds—five score of birds
a head of cattle—five head of cattle
注意：表示一种不确定的“多”，用复数
I have been there dozens of times.
Sheep died by scores that year.9. 关于作定语的名词的数
1) 名词作定语，一般用单数
a car factory—ten car factories
a tooth brush—ten tooth brushes
a student activity—five student activities2)用复数作定语的名词
sports meeting
problems page
students reading-room
talks table
the foreign languages department
clothes brushes
customs papers 3) man; woman; gentleman等修饰名词的数
a man doctor—five men doctors
a woman teacher—five women teachers
a gentleman scientist—two gentlemen
scientists10. 单数限定词余复数名词的连用
this; that; another; every等一般于单数名词
连用
Here is another doctor in the hospital.
单复数名词表示整体时可与another, every等
连用
I want to stay for another ten days.
I go to see my granny every two weeks.（四）名词专项训练
单项选择
The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs; leafs?? B. roofs; leaves?
C. roves; leafs? D. roves; leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors? B. women doctors?
C. woman doctor? D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos; tomatos? B. potatos; tomatoes
C. potatoes; tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoesBBD4. They are ____ of different presses. Now they are
having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief's???
B. editors-in-chief; editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs; editor's-in-chief's?
D. editors-in-chief; editors-in-chief's
5. Do you know the ant as well as the cow has two
____?
A. stomaches? B. stomacks?
C. stomach? D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper, but his wife
does.
A. chick? B. chicken C. chickens D. chicksDDB7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went
swimming. ?
A. so??? B. such??? C. so as??? D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How??? B. How a??? C. What??? D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound??? B. sounds??? C. the sounds?? D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle; oxen?? B. ox; cattle?
C. cattles; oxen? D. oxens; cattles
11. Be careful! A number of soldiers ____ at he camp
gate!
A. have gathered? B. has gathered? C. is???D. was BCAAA12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money
on their new car, though they are living in a
small flat.
A. deal??? B. amount?? C. number?? D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the
people's living standard.
A. Many??? B. A great many
C. A great deal of? D. A number of
14. At the meeting, Mr. Li shook ____ warmly with
a friend.
A. hand??? B. a hand??? C. hands??? D. the hands
15. Two ____, please. I’m thirsty to death!
A. coffee? B. coffees?
C. cup of coffee? D. cups coffeeBCCB16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for. Tell him to
lower it.
A. high price a?? B. high price??
C. a high price?? D. high a price
17. In modern times, ____ knowledge of space
develops rapidly.
A. Man's? B. Men's?? C. Mens' D. Person's
18. –Where were you last night?
–I stayed at ____.?
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wangs’ home?
C. the Wangs?? D. home of Wang DAA19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory, you know.
A. shoes? B. shoes’? C. shoe?? D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____? ?
A. today newspaper? B. newspaper today?
C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour? B. hours? C. hour's? D. hours'
22. The lady over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary? B. Julia and Mary's??
C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and MaryCDDB23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in
the class.
A. anyone's?? B. anyone else??
C. anyone's else's? D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand; sand? B. sands; sands?
C. sand; sands?? D. sands; sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller
____.?
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.?
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travelDCDB27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information?? B. news??? C. message?? D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities for the
people.
A. cloth??? B. clothe??? C. clothes??? D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to
be.?
A. strength? B. sense? C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident; was happened???? B. matter; happened?
C. event; was taken place???? D. accident; took placeADBD名词用法忠告心中要有数
要恰当地给名词穿靴戴帽：注意名词与冠词的得体使用
考主要考查名词的含义、名词与动
词、冠词，介词、数词等的得体搭配
等。而名词的难点却在于其单复数的变化方式。（二）名词词类的转换
1、个体名词 →抽象名词
Our school is not fat from my home.
School is over at four in their country.
She held some flowers in her hand.
The tress are now in flower.2）1）2. 物质名词→个体名词
Iron is a kind of metal.
Please lend me your iron, will you?
He broke a piece of glass while cleaning.
He broke a glass at the party and was
scolded by his mother. 1）2）3. 抽象名词→个体名词1） Youth is beautiful and we must value it.
He is a youth of twenty but he has made
great achievement.4.个体名词→物质名词
1） I bought a chicken this morning.
2) Please help yourself to some chicken.
3) I have an egg for breakfast with some
milk every morning.
4) Egg is my favorite dish and I don’t like
meat too much.
5) There is a pine in front of the house.
6) These desks are made of pine. （三）名词单复数1.只能加s的名词
(1) 辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词
two Marys; the Henrys; two Germanys
(2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词
tobaccos; photos; pianos
只能加es的名词
(1)以s; x; sh; ch结尾的名词
classes; boxes; dishes; watches
但stomach的复数为stomachs
（2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词
heroes; potatoes; tomatoes
3.辅音字母加o结尾的名词可加s, es的名词
zeros; zeroes 4. 以f或fe结尾的名词
1)变f为v加es或s
half—halves; knife—knives; leaf—leaves
life—lives; thief—thieves; wife—wives;
wolf—wolves; loaf—loaves
2)直接加s
beliefs; roofs; safes; gulfs; chiefs;
cliffs; proofs
3)可加s也可变f为v加es
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves5.不规则名词复数
abacus—abaci/abacuses
analysis—analyses
bacterium—bacteria
basis—bases
child—children
foot—feet
man—men (Germans; humans)
mouse—mice
ox—oxen
phenomenon—phenomena
tooth—teeth
woman—women6.一些特殊名词的单复数
单数型，单、复数同型名词
a dear—five deer
a sheep—five sheep
a fish—five fish （a fish—five fishes表种类)
a Chinese—five Chinese
a Japanese—five Japanese
a Swiss—five Swiss
2)以汉语音译为单位的词无复数
a li—five li;
a mu—five mu;
a Chinese yuan—five Chinese yuan
3)形似单数，实为复数的名词
people—five people
police—five police
cattle—a head of cattle
—five cattle/five head of cattle4) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词
mathematics/maths
politics
physics5)以复数结尾的国名，书名作单数处理
The United States is a developed country.
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. 6) 以s结尾，单复数同形的名词
means: Every means has been tried.
These means are out of date.
works: He acts as an engineer in an iron and
steel works.
We’ve built two nuclear power works in
our city.
species: This is a species of orange.
He caught many species of snakes. 7)只有复数的名词
glasses: Your glasses are on your nose.
trousers: My new trousers are too long.
clothes: These clothes are a little too expensive.
noodles: Wanzhou noodles are very delicious.8)集合名词的单复数
指整体为单数；指成员为复数
family; party; team; group; crew; delegation
(1) Many families were broken during the war.
(2) These parties are not in favor of the plan.
(3) The team has won the final and are now
having dinner in a restaurant. 7.物质名词的可数形式
1) 物质名词表个体或种类
Coke is a kind of western food.
She gave him a cake at his birthday party.
These cakes are a little bit too sweet.2)物质名词表份数
Our country is famous for tea.
Two teas, please.
--Two beers and three milks?
--No, only one beer and milk, please.8.单位名词的数1)有单复数之分的单位名词
piece; cake; bottle; cup; bowl; bag; basket;
glass; slice; grain
a cake of soap—ten cakes of soap
a grain of rice—ten grains of rice2) kind; type; sort表单位
(1)I don’t like this kind of apple, but I prefer
those two kinds of apple(s).
(2)Books of this kind sell well in our shop.
(3)The shop sells five types of computer(s).3)只有单数的单位词
dozen; score; head
a dozen of balls—five dozen of balls
a score of birds—five score of birds
a head of cattle—five head of cattle
注意：表示一种不确定的“多”，用复数
I have been there dozens of times.
Sheep died by scores that year.9. 关于作定语的名词的数
1) 名词作定语，一般用单数
a car factory—ten car factories
a tooth brush—ten tooth brushes
a student activity—five student activities2)用复数作定语的名词
sports meeting
problems page
students reading-room
talks table
the foreign languages department
clothes brushes
customs papers 3) man; woman; gentleman等修饰名词的数
a man doctor—five men doctors
a woman teacher—five women teachers
a gentleman scientist—two gentlemen
scientists10. 单数限定词余复数名词的连用
this; that; another; every等一般于单数名词
连用
Here is another doctor in the hospital.
单复数名词表示整体时可与another, every等
连用
I want to stay for another ten days.
I go to see my granny every two weeks.（四）名词专项训练
单项选择
The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs; leafs?? B. roofs; leaves?
C. roves; leafs? D. roves; leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors? B. women doctors?
C. woman doctor? D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos; tomatos? B. potatos; tomatoes
C. potatoes; tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoesBBD4. They are ____ of different presses. Now they are
having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief's???
B. editors-in-chief; editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs; editor's-in-chief's?
D. editors-in-chief; editors-in-chief's
5. Do you know the ant as well as the cow has two
____?
A. stomaches? B. stomacks?
C. stomach? D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper, but his wife
does.
A. chick? B. chicken C. chickens D. chicksDDB7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went
swimming. ?
A. so??? B. such??? C. so as??? D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How??? B. How a??? C. What??? D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound??? B. sounds??? C. the sounds?? D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle; oxen?? B. ox; cattle?
C. cattles; oxen? D. oxens; cattles
11. Be careful! A number of soldiers ____ at he camp
gate!
A. have gathered? B. has gathered? C. is???D. was BCAAA12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money
on their new car, though they are living in a
small flat.
A. deal??? B. amount?? C. number?? D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the
people's living standard.
A. Many??? B. A great many
C. A great deal of? D. A number of
14. At the meeting, Mr. Li shook ____ warmly with
a friend.
A. hand??? B. a hand??? C. hands??? D. the hands
15. Two ____, please. I’m thirsty to death!
A. coffee? B. coffees?
C. cup of coffee? D. cups coffeeBCCB16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for. Tell him to
lower it.
A. high price a?? B. high price??
C. a high price?? D. high a price
17. In modern times, ____ knowledge of space
develops rapidly.
A. Man's? B. Men's?? C. Mens' D. Person's
18. –Where were you last night?
–I stayed at ____.?
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wangs’ home?
C. the Wangs?? D. home of Wang DAA19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory, you know.
A. shoes? B. shoes’? C. shoe?? D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____? ?
A. today newspaper? B. newspaper today?
C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour? B. hours? C. hour's? D. hours'
22. The lady over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary? B. Julia and Mary's??
C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and MaryCDDB23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in
the class.
A. anyone's?? B. anyone else??
C. anyone's else's? D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand; sand? B. sands; sands?
C. sand; sands?? D. sands; sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller
____.?
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.?
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travelDCDB27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information?? B. news??? C. message?? D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities for the
people.
A. cloth??? B. clothe??? C. clothes??? D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to
be.?
A. strength? B. sense? C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident; was happened???? B. matter; happened?
C. event; was taken place???? D. accident; took placeADBD名词用法忠告心中要有数
要恰当地给名词穿靴戴帽：注意名词与冠词的得体使用