高考复习--名词学案
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2010高考语法复习学案1：名词/主谓一致
考点：
一．可数名词和不可数名词
常被当作可数名词的不可数名词
Progress， advice， fun， information， furniture， work，baggage ，luggage，news，
Jewelry，weather，paper (纸张) ，equipment，trouble， knowledge， homework
2． 名词所有格 总编辑室 the editor-in-chief’s office；
3． 名词在句子中的作用
The train is approaching. She became my closest friend.
He speaks good English. I did it for the country.
She made a paper flower. Here is my sister’s address.
They have great concern for us students. T ake a seat, Miss Lake.
The meeting lasted an hour. We made him our monitor.
翻译下列词或词组
1. 报纸 2. 熨斗
3. 美人 4. 青年人
5. 权威人士 6. 改进余地
7. 去做礼拜 8. 在住院
9. 一种极好的茶 10. 请来两份冰激凌
11. 经济困难
单项选择：
1. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
2. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
3.His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office、
4. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
5. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
6. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up
afterwards. A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. ruin
7. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the
main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
8. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B. realities C. necessities D. probabilities
9. The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
10. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
11. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
12. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ___.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
13. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
14. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
15. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by
Prof. Johnson. A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
16. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
17. The most important____of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the
people. A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
18. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
19. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
20.Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
21. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introduction C. research D. expression
22. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
23. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
24. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
25. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ____ before the fine weather came to an
end. A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
26. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
27.There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
28. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B.pronunciation C.conversation D. speech
29. He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
30. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
31. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
32. You can ask him again if you like, but it won’t make any ________ — he’ll still say no.
A. adjustment B. decision C. contribution D. difference
33.It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement
34. Before the final examination, many students have shown ____ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.
A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks
35. A(n)______ is a person who understand people’s characters.
A. photographer B. psychologist C. physician D. physicist
36. .Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didn’t make any_____
to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
37. His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
38. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business. A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
2009年高考题
1. (安徽) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
2. (福建) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration
3. (湖北)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _____ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character
4. (湖北) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
5. (江西) The ______ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car. A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
7. (山东)—He says that my new car is a _________ of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
8. (陕西) Form their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
9. (天津) I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure
10.(浙江) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _____ to the digital
resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
高考题主谓一致
1.(09山东)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
2.(09陕西)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
3.(09四川)The teacher together with the students _____ discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
4.(09湖南33)Either you or one of your students _____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
阅读:
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答案纸上相应题号的横线上。
The latest scientific studies show that the sun and the oceans have far more important influences on the world's climate than human activity.
The head of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Professor Fred Singer, put forward a suggestion to the UN-sponsored(资助) IPCC. He said, “We donated our time and best efforts to produce this report out of concern that the IPCC gave us an incorrect reason for global-warming based on incomplete and faulty science.”
“Global-warming news has led to the demand for unrealistic efficiency(功效) standards for cars, the construction of uneconomic wind and solar energy stations, the establishment of large production facilities for uneconomic fuels such as ethanol(乙醇) from corn, requirements that electric companies buy expensive power from so-called‘renewable’energy sources, and plans to reduce, at considerable expense, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) from power plants.
“While it is absolutely nothing wrong to increase energy efficiency, they cannot be regarded as a realistic means to control climate. In addition, policies have been developed that try to hide the huge cost of greenhouse gas controls.
“Seeing science clearly misused to shape public policies that have the potential to cause serious economic harm, particularly on low-income groups, we choose to speak up for science at a time when too few people outside the scientific community know what is happening, and too few scientists who know the truth have to speak out against the IPCC.”
NIPCC is what its name suggests: an international organization of non- governmental scientists and scholars who have come together to understand the causes and consequences of climate change.
“Because we don't believe climate change is caused by human greenhouse gas, we are able to look at evidence the IPCC ignores. Because we do not work for any governments, we can make our research more scientific and fairer.”
Title: A New Finding On The Global (71) Change
Characters NIPCC IPCC
What it is It is a non-governmental (72). It is (73) by the United Nations.
What they have done They devoted time and (74) to producing the report to tell the truth to the public. More efficient cars are in ___ (76).
Uneconomic wind and solar energy stations are ___ (77).
They choose to speak up for science at a time because people know (75) ___________about it. Some renewable ___ (78)sources are required.
The huge cost of greenhouse gas controls are made unknown to the ____ (79).
Conclusion The sun and the oceans __ (80)the global climate more. Human activities are to blame for the climate change.
2010高考语法复习学案1：名词 参考答案
1. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
[答案] C. blame.[注释]take the blame for 对......承担责任。Take charge of 负责管理 (照顾) 。[注意]charge 前无冠词the.
2. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
[答案] D. effort.[注释] effort (作可数名词用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的尝试：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking (戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)
3. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office、
[答案] B. effect. [注释]take effect 生效。
4. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
[答案] B. position.[注释] position 此句中指“地位” (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
5. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
[答案] B. charges.[注释] make charges for对......收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示“收费, 索价”, 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut (理个发要收多少钱？)
6. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
[答案] C. mess.[注释] make mess弄得乱七八糟。Make a mess of“把......弄得乱七八糟”：He made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。
7. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
[答案] A. outline.[注释] outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。
8. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B.realities C.necessities D. probabilities
[答案] A. opportunities.[注释] opportunity常指“ (难得的应抓住的) 机会”, 既可作可数名词, 也可以作不可数名词用, 如：I had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. They had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.
9 . The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
[答案] B. performance.[注释] performance (话剧的) 一场演出。
10. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
[答案] D. determination.[注释] determination意为“决心”, 后常接动词不定式作定语。
11. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
[答案] C. reflection.[注释] reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。
12. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great _____.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
[答案] D. stress. [注释] put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受压力。
13 . It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
[答案] C. reaction.[注释] reaction(to)对......的反应：Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.
14. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
[答案]B. gap.[注释]generation gap 代沟。
15. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson. A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
[答案] A. issue.[注释] 根据题意，此处是指某杂志二月份的那一期，故应选 issue。printing 印刷；印刷术。至于 copy 与 issue 的区别，copy 指书刊的“本，册”；而 issue 是指报刊或杂志的“期”.
本题译文: 非常高兴地拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载的约翰逊教授致编辑的信.
16. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
[答案]c. issues.[注释]issue此处意为“重大问题”。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，图案，图样。与题意不符，不能入选。way 方法，方式。
17. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people. A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
[答案]D. point.[注释]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。)
18. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
[答案]A. purpose.[注释]on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。
19. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
[答案]D. model.[注释]model此句中意为“（飞机的）模型”。
20. Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
[答案]D. standard.[注释]living standard生活水准。
21. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introductionC. research D. expression
[答案]C. research[注释]research into对...研究：1)(作动词用)He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.2)（作名词用）to carry out a research(=some research)into the causes of brain damage.(对大脑损伤原因进行研究)。
研究可译为make researches into, make a study of 或直接用动词study vt或research into (a problem etc.).
22. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
[答案]C. tip。[注释]tip 本题中意为“小费”。
23. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
[答案]B. view。[注释]view在本句中意指“看，眺望”，如：It is a large room with a view of the doctor's well-kept garden. (这是一间大房间，从房间里能看到医生精心管理的花园。)本题译文：坐在汽车的前排座位可以清楚地看到乡间的景色。
24. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
[答案]D. expression. [注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表，外表”。
25. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ____ before the fine weather came to an end. A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
[答案] B. harvest. [注释] gather in “收获(庄稼)”: The farmers are gathering in the corn.
26. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
[答案] D judgement[注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测，justice 正义，公正，ideal 理想。
27. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
[答案] B. limit. [注释] parking limit 意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a 20 minutes parking limit (停车时间限制为20分钟).
28. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B.pronunciation C.conversation D. speech
[答案] D. speech [注释]make a speech to sb.(向某人做演讲)。make conversation with sb.(和某人闲谈conversation常与下列动词搭配:get (enter) into conversation with(和......攀谈起来),have a conversation with(与......谈话),interrupt (break off) conversation(中断谈话),turn the conversation to other matters(把话题转到其他问题上)delivery常指"(演讲等的)说话方式,口才",如: His report was good, but his delivery was poor.( 他的报告内容很好,但他的口才太差)。29.He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
[答案] C. access. [注释]have access to进入的路；能接近，进入,了解或使用(不可数名词)。列如：1)We had access to his private files.(我们能接触他的私人档案。)2)Only a few people have access to the full facts of the ase.(只有几人能了解案件的全部事实。)3)Only high officials had access to the emperor.(只有高级官员才能接近皇帝。)approach接近,走近,快到;对待处理(事情的)方式;接近(到达)的路:1)He was warned of the enemy.(已警告他敌人已接近。)2)His book represents a new approach to the difficulty.(他的书代表了处理困难的一种新方法。)3)The approach to the house was a narrow path.(通到这幢房子的路是一条小径。)application申请,申请书。approval赞同。根据题意,此句中不是指身体上的“接近或靠近”,而是指“能接触到”的某人故选access更切题意
30. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
[答案] B. habit. [注释]get into the habit of doing sth.意为“养成了做......的习惯"。habit指个人的习惯,而custom则指社会的风俗习惯。tradition“传统"。
31. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
[答案]C. influence. [注释]have a influence on 对...有影响；
32.. You can ask him again if you like, but it won’t make any ________ — he’ll still say no.
A. adjustment B. decision C. contribution D. difference
D. difference (not) make any (the slightest) difference对…毫无影响，没有作用
知识拓展：
make a difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a great difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a great deal of difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a difference between 区别对待 make some difference to 对...有些[没有]关系
make no difference to 对...有些[没有]关系
33. .It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement
答案A。behavior意思为"举止行为"；action "动作"；manner"方式"；movement "运动，行动"。
34. .Before the final examination, many students have shown ____ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.
A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks
答案C。anxiety与 tension 同义，意思为"紧张"；mark"记号，痕迹"； sign"迹象，现象，标记"； remark"评论"。根据句意，应为show signs of tension"表现出紧张的样子"。
35. .A(n)______ is a person who understand people’s characters.
A. photographer B. psychologist C. physician D. physicist
答案是B “心理学家”。A“摄影师”；C“内科医生”；D“物理学家”。
36.Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didn’t make any______ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
答案是C make sense“有意义”。句意为：虽然我把教授布置的书读了好几遍，但是我仍看不懂它。
37.His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
B. notice.notice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give one's employee a month's notice (通知雇员一个月后离职)。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。
38. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business. A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
C. occasion. occasion 作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.
2009年高考题
1. (09安徽31) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
答案 A
2. (09福建29) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration
答案 A 解析 名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时，世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
3. (09湖北25) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ____ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character
答案 D解析 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。
4. (09湖北26) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
答案 A. 解析 根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。
5. (09江西23) The _________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
答案 C 解析 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易
7. (09山东29)—He says that my new car is a __________ of money
.—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
答案 D 解析 考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
8. (09陕西20) Form their ____ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
答案 B 解析 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
9. (09天津1) I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure
答案 C
10．(09浙江6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
答案 A
高考题
1.(09山东25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
答案 C 本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。
2.(09陕西7)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
答案 A
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。
4.(09四川17)The teacher together with the students ___________ discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
答案 D
5.(09四川19)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _______ expensive.
A. as B. so C. too D. very
答案 A
7.(09湖南33)
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
答案 B解析 考查主谓一致的用法。Either …or…. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。
阅读:
71. Climate 72. organization/group/panel 73. supported/sponsored
74. efforts 75.little 76. demand/need 77. constructed/built
78. energy 79. public/people 80. influence/affect
PAGE
9
考点：
一．可数名词和不可数名词
常被当作可数名词的不可数名词
Progress， advice， fun， information， furniture， work，baggage ，luggage，news，
Jewelry，weather，paper (纸张) ，equipment，trouble， knowledge， homework
2． 名词所有格 总编辑室 the editor-in-chief’s office；
3． 名词在句子中的作用
The train is approaching. She became my closest friend.
He speaks good English. I did it for the country.
She made a paper flower. Here is my sister’s address.
They have great concern for us students. T ake a seat, Miss Lake.
The meeting lasted an hour. We made him our monitor.
翻译下列词或词组
1. 报纸 2. 熨斗
3. 美人 4. 青年人
5. 权威人士 6. 改进余地
7. 去做礼拜 8. 在住院
9. 一种极好的茶 10. 请来两份冰激凌
11. 经济困难
单项选择：
1. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
2. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
3.His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office、
4. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
5. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
6. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up
afterwards. A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. ruin
7. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the
main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
8. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B. realities C. necessities D. probabilities
9. The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
10. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
11. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
12. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ___.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
13. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
14. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
15. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by
Prof. Johnson. A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
16. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
17. The most important____of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the
people. A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
18. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
19. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
20.Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
21. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introduction C. research D. expression
22. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
23. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
24. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
25. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ____ before the fine weather came to an
end. A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
26. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
27.There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
28. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B.pronunciation C.conversation D. speech
29. He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
30. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
31. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
32. You can ask him again if you like, but it won’t make any ________ — he’ll still say no.
A. adjustment B. decision C. contribution D. difference
33.It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement
34. Before the final examination, many students have shown ____ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.
A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks
35. A(n)______ is a person who understand people’s characters.
A. photographer B. psychologist C. physician D. physicist
36. .Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didn’t make any_____
to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
37. His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
38. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business. A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
2009年高考题
1. (安徽) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
2. (福建) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration
3. (湖北)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _____ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character
4. (湖北) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
5. (江西) The ______ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car. A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
7. (山东)—He says that my new car is a _________ of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
8. (陕西) Form their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
9. (天津) I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure
10.(浙江) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _____ to the digital
resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
高考题主谓一致
1.(09山东)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
2.(09陕西)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
3.(09四川)The teacher together with the students _____ discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
4.(09湖南33)Either you or one of your students _____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
阅读:
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答案纸上相应题号的横线上。
The latest scientific studies show that the sun and the oceans have far more important influences on the world's climate than human activity.
The head of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Professor Fred Singer, put forward a suggestion to the UN-sponsored(资助) IPCC. He said, “We donated our time and best efforts to produce this report out of concern that the IPCC gave us an incorrect reason for global-warming based on incomplete and faulty science.”
“Global-warming news has led to the demand for unrealistic efficiency(功效) standards for cars, the construction of uneconomic wind and solar energy stations, the establishment of large production facilities for uneconomic fuels such as ethanol(乙醇) from corn, requirements that electric companies buy expensive power from so-called‘renewable’energy sources, and plans to reduce, at considerable expense, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) from power plants.
“While it is absolutely nothing wrong to increase energy efficiency, they cannot be regarded as a realistic means to control climate. In addition, policies have been developed that try to hide the huge cost of greenhouse gas controls.
“Seeing science clearly misused to shape public policies that have the potential to cause serious economic harm, particularly on low-income groups, we choose to speak up for science at a time when too few people outside the scientific community know what is happening, and too few scientists who know the truth have to speak out against the IPCC.”
NIPCC is what its name suggests: an international organization of non- governmental scientists and scholars who have come together to understand the causes and consequences of climate change.
“Because we don't believe climate change is caused by human greenhouse gas, we are able to look at evidence the IPCC ignores. Because we do not work for any governments, we can make our research more scientific and fairer.”
Title: A New Finding On The Global (71) Change
Characters NIPCC IPCC
What it is It is a non-governmental (72). It is (73) by the United Nations.
What they have done They devoted time and (74) to producing the report to tell the truth to the public. More efficient cars are in ___ (76).
Uneconomic wind and solar energy stations are ___ (77).
They choose to speak up for science at a time because people know (75) ___________about it. Some renewable ___ (78)sources are required.
The huge cost of greenhouse gas controls are made unknown to the ____ (79).
Conclusion The sun and the oceans __ (80)the global climate more. Human activities are to blame for the climate change.
2010高考语法复习学案1：名词 参考答案
1. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
[答案] C. blame.[注释]take the blame for 对......承担责任。Take charge of 负责管理 (照顾) 。[注意]charge 前无冠词the.
2. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
[答案] D. effort.[注释] effort (作可数名词用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的尝试：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking (戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)
3. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office、
[答案] B. effect. [注释]take effect 生效。
4. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
[答案] B. position.[注释] position 此句中指“地位” (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
5. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
[答案] B. charges.[注释] make charges for对......收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示“收费, 索价”, 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut (理个发要收多少钱？)
6. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
[答案] C. mess.[注释] make mess弄得乱七八糟。Make a mess of“把......弄得乱七八糟”：He made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。
7. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
[答案] A. outline.[注释] outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。
8. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B.realities C.necessities D. probabilities
[答案] A. opportunities.[注释] opportunity常指“ (难得的应抓住的) 机会”, 既可作可数名词, 也可以作不可数名词用, 如：I had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. They had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.
9 . The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
[答案] B. performance.[注释] performance (话剧的) 一场演出。
10. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
[答案] D. determination.[注释] determination意为“决心”, 后常接动词不定式作定语。
11. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
[答案] C. reflection.[注释] reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。
12. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great _____.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
[答案] D. stress. [注释] put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受压力。
13 . It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
[答案] C. reaction.[注释] reaction(to)对......的反应：Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.
14. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
[答案]B. gap.[注释]generation gap 代沟。
15. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson. A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
[答案] A. issue.[注释] 根据题意，此处是指某杂志二月份的那一期，故应选 issue。printing 印刷；印刷术。至于 copy 与 issue 的区别，copy 指书刊的“本，册”；而 issue 是指报刊或杂志的“期”.
本题译文: 非常高兴地拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载的约翰逊教授致编辑的信.
16. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
[答案]c. issues.[注释]issue此处意为“重大问题”。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，图案，图样。与题意不符，不能入选。way 方法，方式。
17. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people. A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
[答案]D. point.[注释]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。)
18. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
[答案]A. purpose.[注释]on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。
19. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
[答案]D. model.[注释]model此句中意为“（飞机的）模型”。
20. Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
[答案]D. standard.[注释]living standard生活水准。
21. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introductionC. research D. expression
[答案]C. research[注释]research into对...研究：1)(作动词用)He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.2)（作名词用）to carry out a research(=some research)into the causes of brain damage.(对大脑损伤原因进行研究)。
研究可译为make researches into, make a study of 或直接用动词study vt或research into (a problem etc.).
22. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
[答案]C. tip。[注释]tip 本题中意为“小费”。
23. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
[答案]B. view。[注释]view在本句中意指“看，眺望”，如：It is a large room with a view of the doctor's well-kept garden. (这是一间大房间，从房间里能看到医生精心管理的花园。)本题译文：坐在汽车的前排座位可以清楚地看到乡间的景色。
24. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
[答案]D. expression. [注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表，外表”。
25. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ____ before the fine weather came to an end. A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
[答案] B. harvest. [注释] gather in “收获(庄稼)”: The farmers are gathering in the corn.
26. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
[答案] D judgement[注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测，justice 正义，公正，ideal 理想。
27. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
[答案] B. limit. [注释] parking limit 意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a 20 minutes parking limit (停车时间限制为20分钟).
28. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B.pronunciation C.conversation D. speech
[答案] D. speech [注释]make a speech to sb.(向某人做演讲)。make conversation with sb.(和某人闲谈conversation常与下列动词搭配:get (enter) into conversation with(和......攀谈起来),have a conversation with(与......谈话),interrupt (break off) conversation(中断谈话),turn the conversation to other matters(把话题转到其他问题上)delivery常指"(演讲等的)说话方式,口才",如: His report was good, but his delivery was poor.( 他的报告内容很好,但他的口才太差)。29.He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
[答案] C. access. [注释]have access to进入的路；能接近，进入,了解或使用(不可数名词)。列如：1)We had access to his private files.(我们能接触他的私人档案。)2)Only a few people have access to the full facts of the ase.(只有几人能了解案件的全部事实。)3)Only high officials had access to the emperor.(只有高级官员才能接近皇帝。)approach接近,走近,快到;对待处理(事情的)方式;接近(到达)的路:1)He was warned of the enemy.(已警告他敌人已接近。)2)His book represents a new approach to the difficulty.(他的书代表了处理困难的一种新方法。)3)The approach to the house was a narrow path.(通到这幢房子的路是一条小径。)application申请,申请书。approval赞同。根据题意,此句中不是指身体上的“接近或靠近”,而是指“能接触到”的某人故选access更切题意
30. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
[答案] B. habit. [注释]get into the habit of doing sth.意为“养成了做......的习惯"。habit指个人的习惯,而custom则指社会的风俗习惯。tradition“传统"。
31. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
[答案]C. influence. [注释]have a influence on 对...有影响；
32.. You can ask him again if you like, but it won’t make any ________ — he’ll still say no.
A. adjustment B. decision C. contribution D. difference
D. difference (not) make any (the slightest) difference对…毫无影响，没有作用
知识拓展：
make a difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a great difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a great deal of difference 有很大差别, 有很大 不同 有很大的关系[影响]
make a difference between 区别对待 make some difference to 对...有些[没有]关系
make no difference to 对...有些[没有]关系
33. .It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement
答案A。behavior意思为"举止行为"；action "动作"；manner"方式"；movement "运动，行动"。
34. .Before the final examination, many students have shown ____ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.
A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks
答案C。anxiety与 tension 同义，意思为"紧张"；mark"记号，痕迹"； sign"迹象，现象，标记"； remark"评论"。根据句意，应为show signs of tension"表现出紧张的样子"。
35. .A(n)______ is a person who understand people’s characters.
A. photographer B. psychologist C. physician D. physicist
答案是B “心理学家”。A“摄影师”；C“内科医生”；D“物理学家”。
36.Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didn’t make any______ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
答案是C make sense“有意义”。句意为：虽然我把教授布置的书读了好几遍，但是我仍看不懂它。
37.His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
B. notice.notice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give one's employee a month's notice (通知雇员一个月后离职)。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。
38. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business. A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
C. occasion. occasion 作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.
2009年高考题
1. (09安徽31) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
答案 A
2. (09福建29) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration
答案 A 解析 名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时，世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
3. (09湖北25) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ____ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character
答案 D解析 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。
4. (09湖北26) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
答案 A. 解析 根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。
5. (09江西23) The _________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
答案 C 解析 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易
7. (09山东29)—He says that my new car is a __________ of money
.—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
答案 D 解析 考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
8. (09陕西20) Form their ____ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
答案 B 解析 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
9. (09天津1) I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure
答案 C
10．(09浙江6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
答案 A
高考题
1.(09山东25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
答案 C 本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。
2.(09陕西7)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
答案 A
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。
4.(09四川17)The teacher together with the students ___________ discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
答案 D
5.(09四川19)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _______ expensive.
A. as B. so C. too D. very
答案 A
7.(09湖南33)
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
答案 B解析 考查主谓一致的用法。Either …or…. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。
阅读:
71. Climate 72. organization/group/panel 73. supported/sponsored
74. efforts 75.little 76. demand/need 77. constructed/built
78. energy 79. public/people 80. influence/affect
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