Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema语法 非谓语动词

高二英语 外研版 必修五 模块三 语法—非谓语动词
Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema
Grammar 非谓语动词
【使用说明】 首先阅读[自主学习]部分的语法内容，学习非谓语动词的基本构成及用法，然后完成本学案的练习题，题目难度由易到难依次以A、B、C级标记。
【三维目标】 知识与能力：1. 学习并掌握非谓语动词的基本构成及用法。
2. 通过本节学习，能够运用该语法规则解决较简单的习题。
过程与方法：先自主学习，必要时进行小组讨论解决疑难问题。
情感价值观：进一步提高自主学习能力及合作探究意识。
【学习重难点】能够运用非谓语动词的基本构成及用法解决相关习题。
【自主学习】
◆ 非谓语动词共有四种形式：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。现以动词do为例把非谓语动词的各种形式和功能总结如下：
语态、功能 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 句法功能
一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主 宾 表 定 状 补
不定式 to do to be doing to havedone to be done to havebeendone √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 doing havingdone being done havingbeen done √ √ √ √
现在分词 doing havingdone being done havingbeen done √ √ √ √
过去分词 done √ √ √ √
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的
动作。
e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。
To visit China is my next goal. 访问中国是我下一个目标。
2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中：
It’s use/ good / fun… It’s useful/ nice/ useless…
e.g It’s nice seeing you again.
二、不定式与动名词做宾语：
1. 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：
want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。
e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us.
They promised not to break the school rules again.
2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：
admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devote…to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。
e.g. They couldn’t help laughing when they heard the joke.
He is considering changing his job.
We object to leaving in such a hurry.
3. 有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同，如：begin, start, like, hate, continue, prefer等。但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别，此类动词主要有：forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, can’t help等。
● remember (forget) to do sth. 记住（忘记）要做某事
remember (forget) doing sth. 记得（忘记）过去曾经做过某事
● regret to do sth. 对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉、遗憾”
regret doing sth. 对已经发生的事表示后悔
● stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 ● try to do sth. 设法…，想法…， 试图…
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 try doing sth. 试一试， 试试看
● mean to do sth. 打算…，想要…，有…的意图 ● can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着，意思是， can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语：
不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词在句子中均可做表语，但它们之间有一定的区别：
1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。
e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.
2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始工作。
3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别
e.g. The party was very exciting.
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语：
1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。
e.g. The train to arrive is from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个走。
2. 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。
e.g. a washing machine （动名词做定语，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣机
a reading room（动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading） 阅览室
3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。
e.g. the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳
the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the world which is changing）变化中的世界
a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音 （形容词性分词作定语）
fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子 （过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语：
1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。
有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。
● 以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。
e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。
● 有些感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表示动作的整个过程。
e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。
2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况：
● 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：
e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语）
The boy is found very annoying. 发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语）
● 动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。
e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）
He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）
3. 过去分词做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。句子又主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
e.g. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese 你听过用日语唱这首歌吗？（宾语补足语）
This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. （主语补足语）
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语：
1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。
● 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。
● 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。
e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself.
In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
● 不定式表结果，常用在too… to, enough… to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。
e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself.
We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.
The husband left his wife, never to return.
● 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。
e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth.
To cut a long story short, we disagree. 长话短说，我们不同意。
2. 现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。
● 现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.
● 作原因状语：Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.
● 作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。
e.g. The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
● 作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。
e.g. Following Tom, we started to climb. 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。
She came riding a brand-new bike. 她骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。
● 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。
e.g. Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings. 简保持沉默，尽力克制自己的情感。
● 作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来
roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/ by由…判断。
e.g. Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia.
3. 过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。
● 过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。
e.g. Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. 从山顶上看时，这个城市很壮观。
● 作原因状语，常置于句首。
e.g. Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children.
● 作条件状语：United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。
● 作伴随或方式状语：The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.
【知识反馈】
基础训练
单项选择：（B级）
1. 　　 how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know　　 B. Not knowing 　 C. Knowing not　　 D. Not known
2. Deeply 　　, I thanked her again and again.　　
A. being moving　 B. moved　　　 C. moving　　　 D. to be moved
3. With winter 　　 on, it's time to buy warm clothes.　　
A. came　　　 B. comes　　　 C. come　　　 D. coming
4. 　 　 the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown　 B. Showing 　 C. Has shown　　 D. Having been shown
5. He went from door to door, 　　 waste papers and magazines.　
A. gathering　　　 B. gathered 　 C. gather　　　 D. being gathered
6. The student corrected his paper carefully, 　 the professor's suggestions.　
A. follow　　 B. following 　 C. followed　 D. being followed
7. The 　 price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce　　　 B. reducing　　　 C. reduced　　　 D. reduces
8. People 　　 in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live　　　 B. to live　　　 C. lived　　　 D. living
9. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point 　　.
A. understand　 　 B. understanding 　 C. to understand 　 D. understood
10. The scientists were waiting to see the problem 　 .　
A. settle　　　 B. settled　　　 C. to settle　　　 D. settling
11. The ground is 　　 with 　 leaves.　
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling　 C. covered, fallen 　D. covering, fallen
12. Lessons 　　 easily were soon forgotten.　
A. to learn　　　　 B. learn　 　 C. learned　　　　　 D. learning
13. The wallet 　 several days ago was found 　　 in the dustbin outside the building.　
A. stolen, hidden　 B. stealing, hiding　 C. stealing, hidden　 D. stolen, hiding
14. 　 different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce　 B. Being produced 　 C. Produced 　 D. Having produced
15. Many things 　　 impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider　 B. considering 　 C. considered　 D. be considered
16. 　　　 many times, he still couldn't understand.　
A. Having been told B. Having told 　 C. He having been told D. Telling
17. The old sick lady entered the hospital, 　　 her two sons.　
A. to support　 B. supporting 　 C. supported by　　 D. having supported
单句改错：（A级）
1. That is hard to distinguish him from his brother.
2. The boy was heard cry some time last night.
3. I met Jane and stopped talking with her in the street.
4. I was very delighting to hear the good news.
5. The building stands on the opposite is the teaching building.
6. Surrounding by many trees and flowers, the house looks very beautiful.
7. He was found lying there, read the newspaper all the morning.
强化训练 单项选择（C级）
1. Though a typhoon is on the way, people are still looking forward the outdoor concert by the pop singer.
A. to canceling B. not to canceling C. not to cancel D. to not canceling
2. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
3. a call from his son at university, he decided to write to ask about what’s going on.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving C. Having not received D. Not having received
4. You can never imagine what difficulty I have your house.
A. to find B. found C. find D. finding
5. The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party .
A. involved B. to be involved C. involving D. having involved
6. She was the first woman at the North Pole.
A. to travel lonely B. to travel alone C. traveling alone D. traveling lonely
7. about other people’s shortcomings can help us avoid them.
A. Learning; embarrassing B. Learned; embarrassed
C. Learning; embarrassed D. Learned; embarrassing
8. someone’s personality type and ability is to know a great deal about that person.
A. Knowing B. Known C. To know D. Know
9. Mike is said a new computer program recently, but I don’t know when he will finish it.
A. to design B. to be designing C. to have been designing D. to have designed
10. – Good morning. How much should I pay for these books to Alabama
-- Hm, about ten dollars.
A. to be sent B. being sent C. having sent D. to have been sent
11. your wife’s expression, she must be mad at you.
A. Judging from B. Judged from C. To be judged from D. To judge from
【高考链接】
2008年高考题
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.（全国I卷）
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
2.______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （安徽卷）
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
3. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. （福建卷）
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
4. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted （江西卷）
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. （湖南卷）
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. （湖南卷）
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
2009年高考题
7. He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.（四川卷）
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
8. We are invited to a party in our club next Friday. （山东卷）
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
9. many times, he finally understood it. （四川卷）
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
10. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. （全国Ⅱ卷）
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
11. loud music in public is against the law in the UK. （上海春季卷）
A. Play B. Having played C. Playing D. Being played
12. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. （陕西卷）
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【自我评价】对于本节课你的表现，你自己觉得满意吗？请进行自我评价。
【课堂小结】通过本节课的学习，你掌握了哪些关于非谓语动词的知识？
参考答案
基础训练
单项选择：BBDDA BCDDB CCADC AC
单句改错：1. That --- It 2. cry--- to cry 3. talking—to talk 4. delighting—delighted
5. stands—standing 6. surrounding—surrounded 7. read—reading
强化训练
单项选择：DBDDA BACCA A
2008年高考题 BBCBB D
2009年高考题 AADDC D
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A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言者智。