宾语从句练与析

宾语从句常见考点分析
在复合句中作及物动词、介词或者形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。中考题经常从宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态以及直接引语变间接引语等方面进行考查。
一 宾语从句的引导词
（一）语法链接
1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变来时，引导词要用that，that无意义，在非正式文体中常省略。如：
He says (that) he will go skating tomorrow. 他说明天他要去滑冰。
2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，引导词要用if/whether“是否”。如：
Linda asked me if/whether I had a great time yesterday. 琳达问我昨天过得是否愉快。
3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变来时，要用原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作引导词。如：
I don’t know when we’ll leave. 我不知道我们什么时候离开。
4. 宾语从句在介词之后，或者与or not 连用时，通常用whether不用if。如：
They’re talking about whether they will join the club. 他们正在讨论是否要加入这个俱乐部。
He asked the teacher whether she should do to the museum by bike or not. 她问老师是否要骑自行车去博物馆。
（二）中考题例析
He asked me ______ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.（2008陕西）
A. that B. if C. how D. what
此题专门考查了宾语从句的引导词的使用，根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除选项A；宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分，从而排除选项C和D，故本题应选B。
二 宾语从句的语序
（一）语法链接
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它或者是引导词（作宾语从句的主语）+谓语+其它。如：
I wonder when he will come back 我想知道他什么时候回来？
Do you know who invented the computer 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？
（二）中考题例析
—Do you know ____
　　 —Sorry, I don't know. （2008湖北武汉）
　 A. where does Jimmy work
　　 B. where Jimmy works
　 C. how does Jimmy go to work
　　 D. what does Jimmy do
宾语从句用的是陈述句语序，而选项A、C、D用的是疑问句语序而不是陈述句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。
三 宾语从句的时态
（一）相关语法链接
1.当主句是一般现在时时，后面的宾语从句应根据实际使用合适的时态。如：
I know they had a great time last Sunday. 我知道他们上周过得很愉快。
I hope they will have a great time next week. 我希望他们下周过得愉快。
2.当主句是一般过去时时，后面的宾语从句要用过去的某一时态。如：
He said he had left his backpack at home. 他说他把书包忘在家里了。
3.当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told his children the moon travels around the earth. 老师告诉他的学生月亮围着地球转。
（二）中考题例析
—Do you know ____ for Shanghai last night
—At 9:00. （2008北京）
A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave
C. what time he left D. what time did he leave
根据宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句语序，可以排除选项B和D，从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，所以排除选项A，故本题的正确答案是C。
四 宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语
（一）相关语法链接
直接引语变间接引语总体上属于宾语从句的范畴，直接引语是引用别人的原话，间接引语是转述别人的话，直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的变化规则基本一致，除了应该注意宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序三大方面外，还要特别注意人称、时间、地点等的变化。如：
1. “What subject do you like best ” Mr. Wang asked Bill. (改为间接宾语)
Mr. Wang asked Bill what subject he liked best. (直接宾语的人称代词you在间接宾语中变为he)
2. He said to me, “I’m going to play tennis tomorrow.” (改为间接宾语)
He told me that he was going to play tennis the next day. (直接宾语的人称代词I在间接宾语中变为he，时间状语由原来的tomorrow变为the next day)
（二）中考题例析
A: He said, “Are you interested in English ”（改为同义句）
B: He asked me _________ I _________ interested in English. (2008湖北孝感)
本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语，即把A句的直接引语变为B句的间接引语，它与宾语从句的变化基本相同，第一个空应为引导词if或whether，B句的主句是一般过去时，间接宾语（宾语从句）的主语与主句相适应变为I，所以第二个空应填was。
五 中考题闯关
1. —I think it’s going to be a problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder_________ we can do about it. (2008湖北十堰 )
A. what B. how C. if D. that
2. —Can you tell me （2008天津）
—Yesterday.
A. when did he buy the car B. where did he buy the car
C. when he bought the car D. where he bought the car
3. —May I come in I’m sorry I am late.
—Come in, please. But could you please tell me________ (2008河南)
A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school
4. —What did the woman ask just now
—She asked _____.（2008河北涿鹿）
A. who was I waiting for B. where I live
C. how she can get to the post office D. whether she could help to find the post office
5.“Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday ”Father asked me. (改为复合句)
Father asked me ________ ________ __________going to watch the football match the next Sunday.（2007山东济南）
Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. if/whether, I, was