Module 2 My New Teachers 单词英文详解及例句
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| 名称 | Module 2 My New Teachers 单词英文详解及例句 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-10-14 13:08:00 | ||
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本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
外研社必修1 M 2单词解释
1. amusing 有趣的，可笑的,逗笑的 funny and entertaining find sth ~=think sth is funny a highly ~ story十分有趣的故事 I didn’t find your jokes at all ~.我不觉得你的笑话有什么好笑。
amuse v. 1.to make sb laugh or smile使开心，使发笑 What ~d me most was the thought of Martin in a dress.想到马丁穿着连衣裙我就觉得很好笑。 2.to make sb spend time in an enjoyable way without getting bored给…提供娱乐/消遣 Doing jigsaws would ~ Amy for hours on end.艾米会连续几个小时津津有味地玩着拼图玩具。 ~ oneself The kids ~d themselves playing hide-and seek.孩子们玩捉迷藏自娱自乐。
amused adj. 1.sb who is ~ by sth thinks it is funny so that they smile or laugh被逗乐的，感到有意思的 ~at/ by He won’t be ~ when he finds out what has happened to his garden.等他发现花园里发生的情况时，他就没有什么可乐的了。 2.keep sb ~ to entertain or interest sb for a long time so that they do not get bored使人保持快乐的状态It’s hard work trying to keep the kids ~ on rainy days.想在雨天逗孩子开心很不容易。
amusement n. 1. /U/the feeling you have when you think sth is funny开心，愉悦Tom’s tricks were a source of endless ~ to the other boys.汤姆的小戏法给其他孩子带来了无尽的乐趣。 to sb’s ~令人发笑的 To everyone’s ~ he turned up for work in a straw hat and jeans.可笑的是，他戴着草帽、穿着牛仔裤来上班了。 2.~s/plural/ special things such as machines or games that are intended to entertain people娱乐设施，娱乐活动The kids can ride on the ~那些娱乐设施可供孩子们骑在上面。 3./U/the process of getting or providing pleasure and enjoyment娱乐 ~ arcade（有电子游戏机等娱乐设施的）游戏机室，游乐场 ~ park 游乐场
2. energetic 精力充沛的 very active and able to work hard充满活力的，精力充沛的 We need a young, strong and ~ leader.我们需要一个年轻坚定充满活力的领袖人物。energetically adv.
energize v.1.to make sb feel more determined and energetic使增强决心使充满活力 2./usually passive/to make a machine work使/机器/运转motors ~d by solar cells使用太阳能电池的发动机
energy n. /C,U/ 1.the physical and mental strength that makes you able to be active力量，活力The task will take an enormous amount of time and ~. 完成那项任务需要大量的时间和精力。in full of ~ 精力充沛 2.power that is used to provide heat, drive machine etc such as oil and coal能，能源，能量 3. energies the effort that you use to do things精力 apply/devote your ~ to 把精力花在
3. intelligent 聪明的, 理解力强的good at learning and understanding things; clever
intelligence n. /U/1.the ability to learn and understand things智力，理解力 a child of average ~智力一般的孩子 2. A high level of learning ,understanding and thinking ability 聪颖，聪明 a woman of beauty, charm and ~ 美丽、迷人、聪慧的女人 3.information about the secret activities of other governments情报，谍报foreign ~ services外国情报机关 ~ gathering情报收集
IQ= ~ quotient =your level of intelligence measured by a special test with 100 being the average result智力商数（智力的水平，用特殊测验测试，以100为平均数） quotient (the amount or degree of a quality, feeling etc in a person, thing or situation)商数（如智商，情商等），指数 Is all this healthy food supposed to increase my happiness quotient 是不是所有的这些保健食品都能增加我的幸福指数？
4. nervous 紧张的,焦虑的1.worried or frightened about sth and unable to relax紧张不安的,烦躁的
Sam’s very ~ about his driving test. 森姆对他的驾驶考试感到非常紧张。 2.often worried or frightened and easily upset经常焦虑不安的，神经质的She’s a ~ and sensitive girl.她是个神经脆弱而且敏感的女孩子。 3. Related to the nerves in your body神经系统的，神经方面的 a ~disorder神经系统紊乱
词汇变异
nervous 当你做一件困难或陌生的事情，或者对某件可能发生或即将发生的事感到担心或有点害怕时，你会感到nervous。Don’t drive so fast, you are making me nervous!别开那么快，这使我紧张。
uneasy 当你猜想有不祥的事正在发生或即将发生而无法放松时，你会感到uneasy。 When Jody didn’t call for the next three days I started to get uneasy.在接下来的3天力，乔迪一直没有电话来，这使我开始变得不安起来。
concerned 当出现某个问题，或某人遇到问题而你想帮助解决时，你会感到concerned。I’m rather concerned about Harvey’s health.我对哈维的健康感到相当忧虑。
worried 一词较为强烈。涂过你感到worried，就说明你不开心，总是为某个问题或可能发生的不祥之事而担心。Martha’s very worried about her son’s disappearance.玛莎因为儿子失踪而十分担心。
anxious则更为强烈。当你为正在发生或可能发生的某事感到十分担心和害怕时，你会感到anxious. She was very anxious while searching the crowds for her mother. 她十分焦虑地在人群中寻找着母亲。
5. organized 有组织的，有系统的 1.achieving aims in an effective, ordered and sensible way有序的，有组织的、条理的I’m sorry I forgot-I’m not very ~ these days.对不起我忘了-这几天脑子有点乱。 2.be ~ for and done by many people有组织的，安排有序的 ~ religion有组织的宗教活动 ~ crime 有组织的犯罪
organize v. 1.to make the necessary arrangements so that an activity can happen筹划，筹备They ~d a protest march.他们筹划了一次抗议游行。 Who’s going to ~ the party this year 谁来筹备今年的聚会？ 2.to arrange information, work, a group etc so that it works correctly组织，安培，将…编组 ~ your thoughts before you begin to speak.把思绪理清楚了再说话。
organization n. 1.a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose组织，团体，机构 2./U/the act of planning and arranging things effectively有效安排（组织、协调）~ of 3./U/the way in which the different parts of a system are arranged and work机构，体制 ~ of
6. patient 耐心的 able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept difficulties, people’s annoying behavior etc without becoming angry有耐心的，忍耐的，有毅力的 be ~ with ~ly adv.
patient n. sb who receives medical treatment from a doctor病人，患者
patience n.1.the ability to wait calmly for a long time and accept delays without becoming angry or anxious(忍受长时间等待的)耐心，忍耐性We listened to his story with ~.我们耐心地倾听他的叙述。 You need ~ if you want to be served in this shop…想在这家商店得到服务，你需要有耐心。 2.the ability to accept trouble and other people’s annoying behavior without complaining or becoming angry(忍受麻烦事或他人讨厌的行为的)耐心，耐性，忍受力，克制力 have no ~ with She has no ~ with time-wasters.她对浪费时间的人没有耐性。 lose ~(with)对…失去耐性
the ~ of Job/ the ~ of a saint=very great ~ when sb is annoying you约伯/圣人的耐心（极大地耐心）
try sb’s ~=make sb lose their ~使人失去耐心或无法忍受 3.the ability to continue to give your attention to work that is difficult or tiring坚韧，韧性，毅力 have the ~ to do sth.
7. serious 严肃的 1. Thoughtful, not given to pleasure-seeking 严肃的，庄重的，深思的，不嬉戏的~ appearance, face严肃的外表，脸 2. Important because of possible danger严重的，重大的a ~ mistake严重的错误 3.sincere, in earnest认真的，真诚的 Please be ~ about your work.请用心工作。 ~ly adv.
8. shy 害羞的，羞怯的 1.nervous and embarrassed about talking to other people 羞怯的，腼腆的，缺乏自信的That little girl is painfully ~. 那小女孩害羞得要命。 2.unwilling to do sh or get involved in sth迟疑的，不情愿的 be ~ about He’s not ~ about showing off his wealth.他炫耀自己的财富决不迟疑。
9. strict 严格的，严厉的1.a strict person makes sure that people always obey rules and do exactly what they asy, and does not let people behave badly（人）严格的，严厉的 His parents are very ~.他的父母非常严格。 2.a strict rule, order etc must be obeyed completely（规定，命令等）需要严格执行的，严格的 I have ~ instructions not to play games. 我有严格指示，不准玩游戏。 3.always behaving according to a particular set of rules or religious beliefs(对规则、信仰)严格遵守的a ~ vegetarian严格的素食者 4.very exact and correct严谨的，精确地 It’s not a restaurant in the ~est sense of the word-it’s more like a café.从严格的意义上说这不是餐馆-它更像咖啡馆。 ~ly adv.
10. impression 印象/C/ 1.the opinion or feeling you have about sb or sth because of the way they seem（对人、事的）印象，感想 ~ of What’s your ~ of Frank as a boss 你对身为老板的弗兰克印象如何？ first ~ 第一印象 create a good/bad ~=make an ~ on 留下好、坏印象 have/get the ~ that = think that sth is a fact because of the way the situation seems觉得 I get the distinct ~ that we are not wanted here.我明显感觉到我们在这里是不受欢迎的。 be under the ~ that=wrongly believe that sth is a fact because of the way the situation seems原以为，误认为 I’m sorry, I was under the ~ that you were the manager.对不起，我以为你是经理。 2.the act of copying the speech or behavior of a famous person in order to make people laugh(对名人言行的——滑稽模仿 do an ~ of He can do a wonderful ~ of Zhao Benshan. 他对赵本山的模仿真实维妙维肖！ 3.a mark left by pressing 印记，压痕
impress v. (详见 M1词汇解释20)
11. avoid 避开 1.to make sure that sth bad does not happen避免，防止（坏事情发生）You can ~ a lot of problems by using traveller’s cheques.使用旅行支票，你可以避免许多麻烦。 ~ doing sth避免做…This leaflet tells you how to ~ getting ill while travelling.这本小册子告诉你怎么在旅行期间防止生病。 2.to deliberately stay away from sb or sth（故意）回避，避开Jon was embarrassed and tried t o~ us the next day.乔恩很尴尬，第二天设法躲着我们。 Every day I have to manage to ~ the worst of the traffic.我每天都设法避开交通最拥挤的时候。 to ~ sb/sth like the plague=stay away from sb or sth completely esp. because they are very unpleasant像躲避瘟疫一样地避开sb/sth I used to ~ that class like the plague.我曾经像躲瘟疫一样地躲避那门课。 3.to deliberately not do sth esp. because it is dangerous, unpleasant etc逃避 Loopholes are a way of legally ~ing taxes.钻税法的空子是合法逃税的一种方法。
avoidance n. /U/ the act of avoiding sb or sth回避，避开，避免 ~ of the ~ of issues such as domestic violence避免家庭暴力事件之类的问题 tax ~避税
12. hate 讨厌，不喜欢(not in progressive不用进行式)1.to dislike sb very much and feel angry towards them憎恨，憎恶，仇恨 2.to dislike sth very much 讨厌，不喜欢I hate housework我讨厌做家务。 Paul hates having his photos taken.保罗不喜欢别人给他照相。 I hate to see you making a fool of yourself.我不喜欢看见你出丑。 Jenny’s mother hates her staying out late.詹尼的母亲不喜欢她晚上在外面待得太晚。 I hate it when people ask for money.我不喜欢别人向我要钱。
13. incorrectly 不正确地not correctly or truly
pletely 十分地，完全地 in every way, totally 完全地，全部地，彻底地 I ~ forgot that it was his birthday yesterday. 我完全忘了昨天是它的生日。 I felt ~ relaxed.我觉得完全放松下来了。
complete adj. 1.a word used to emphasize that a quality you are describing is as great or extreme as possible十足的，完全的 The police were in ~ control of the situation.警方已完全控制了局势。 2.havin all parts, details, facts etc included and with nothing missing完整的，全部的，整个的 The captain ordered a ~ baggage chech.船长命令对行李进行彻底检查。3.(not before noun不用于名词前)finished已完成的，已结束的 The work on the new building is nearly ~.新楼房工程已接近完工。
complete v. 1.to finish doing sth esp. when it has taken a long time结束，完成（尤指经历长时间之后）The building took two years to ~. 这栋大楼花了两年才建成。2.to make sth whole or perfect by adding what is missing使完整，使圆满 He only needs one more stamp to ~ his collection.他只差一张邮票，就收集全了。 To ~ a form/ questionnaire填表格、填写问卷
15. appreciate感激1.to understand and enjoy the good qualities or value of sth欣赏，鉴赏，赏识Her abilities are not fully ~d by her employer.她的才干尚未得到雇主的充分赏识。 2.to be grateful for sth that sb has done感激 I ~d his help when we moved.我很感激他在我们搬家的时候给予的帮助。 I would ~ it if …=Please do what I ask 如果…，我将不胜感激 I would be ~ it if you would turn the music down.如果你把音乐关小一点，我将不胜感激。 3(not in progressive不用进行式)to understand how serious a situation or problem is or what sb’s feelings are充分理解，明白 I don’t think you ~ the difficulties his absence will cause.我认为你不完全了解她的缺席会造成什么样的困难。 4.to gradually become more valuable over a period of time增值 Most investments are expected to ~ at a steady rate.人们盼望大多数投资会平均增值。 反义词：depreciate 1.to decrease in value or price贬值，跌价 New cars will depreciate quite fast.新汽车往往很快就跌价。 2. To make sth seem unimportant贬低，轻视
16. admit 承认 1.to agree or say that sth is true, although you are unwilling to(不情愿地)承认，供认 He was wrong, but he won’t ~ it. 他错了，但他不会承认的。 You may not like her, but you have to ~ that she’s good at her job.你也许不喜欢她，但你必须承认她胜任工作。 2.also 又作admit to=to say that you have done sth wrong, esp. sth criminal(=confess)承认（做错了事，犯了罪） ~ (to) doing sth A quarter of the workers ~ to taking time off when they are not ill.四分之一的工人承认他们没有病的时候休过假。 ~ (to) sth After questioning he ~ted to the murder. 经过盘问后，他承认自己是凶手。 He’ll never ~ to the murder.他是决不会承认谋杀罪的。 3.to allow sb or sth to enter a public place to watch a game, performance etc允许…进入 ~ sb to/ into Only ticket-holders will be ~ted into the stadium.只有持票者才可引入体育场。 4.to allow sb to join organization, club etc允许加入，接纳 ~ sb to/ into My brther was ~ted into Beijing University.我弟弟被北京大学录取了。 5~ defeat= to stop trying to do sth because you realize you cannot succeed（中途）承认失败，认输 He kept running, refusing to ~ defeat.他继续跑，不甘认输。
admittance n. /U/ (formal正式)permission to enter a place进入权 gain ~ =get ~ 获准进入Gaining ~ to the club was no easy matter.获准进入这家俱乐部绝不是件容易的事。
admittedly adv.(sentence adverb句子副词)used when you are admitting that sth is true诚然，确实低，不可否认地 The technique is painful, ~, but it benefits the patient greatly.应该承认，采用这种技术会 有点痛，但对病人十分有益。
17. scientific 科学的 1. About or connected with science or using its methods科学上的，用科学方法的 ~ discoveries科学发现 ~ proof科学证明 2. (informal非正式)done very carefully using an organized system精细的，有系统的，有条理的We do keep accounts for the business, but we’re not very ~ about it.我们的业务确实留有账目，但我们做的不够精细有条理。 ~ally adv.
science n. /U/ knowledge about the world, esp. based on examination and testing, and on facts that can be proved科学 ~ has taught us how atoms are made up.科学使我们明白原子是怎样构成的。 2./U/ the study of ~ 理科 a degree in ~ 理科学位 3./C/ a particular part of ~, for example biology, chemistry, physics理科的一门学科，如生物，化学，物理 the physical ~s自然科学 ~ fiction科幻小说 ~ park 科学园区，新技术（研究）开发区
scientist 科学家 /C/sb who works or is trained in science.
18. literature 文学1.works such as these that are studied as a subject(作为学科研究的)文学 a course in modern African ~ 非洲现代文学课程 2.books, plays, poems etc that people think have value文学作品 one of the great works of Chinese ~ 中国文学巨著之一 3.all the books, articles etc n a particular subject 专著，文献资料 ~ on the history of science科学史的文献资料 4. Printed information produced by organizations that want to sell sth or tell people about sth商品促销印刷品，宣传品 Do you have any sales ~ available 你们有没有促销商品的宣传单？
19. loudly=loud 大声地 loud adj. 1. Making a lot of noise大声地，喧闹的a ~ bang响亮的撞击声 That music is too ~. 那音乐声太吵了。 2.sb who is loud talks too loudly and confidently（人）说话过于大声自信的 The more Tom drank, the louder he became. 汤姆喝得越多，说话声音越大。 3.loud clothes are unpleasantly bright（衣服）花哨的，刺眼的 That red skirt is a bit loud, isn’t it 那件短裙有点花哨吧？ His manner is too loud.他的样子太招摇。 4.be loud in your praise/ opposition etc= to express your approval or disapproval very strongly竭力赞同/敢对等。
词汇变异 loud/ loudly/aloud这些副词均含有“高声地、大声地”之意思。
loud指声音响亮，高声说话，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。Please speak a bit louder.再大点声说。
loudly响亮地，大声地。与loud含义相同，可放在动词前或之后，用以说明声音的强度，含“喧闹”之意味。
aloud出声地；大声地，高声地。强调出声，能让人听见，无比较级用于修饰cry, call, shout等动词时，有高声之意。Please read the poem aloud for us.请给我们朗诵一下这首诗吧。
20. wave 挥手，招手1 to move your hand or sth you hold in your hand as a signal or greeting挥手，挥动He started shouting and waving his arms.他开始大声喊叫并挥动双臂。 ~ sb through /away=tell them they should go through, away etc by waving your hand挥手示意某人过去/走开 The customs inspector waved us through.海关检查员挥手示意我们通过。 2.to move gently with the wind飘动，飘扬 ~ sth aside = to refuse to pay attention to what sb has said because you don’t think it is important对…置之不理
wave n. /C/ 1.a raised line of water that moves across the surface of a large area of water esp. the sea浪，波涛Huge waves were crashing into the sides of the ship.巨浪猛击着船边。 2.when sth suddenly starts happening a lot（某活动的）激增，浪潮 the crime ~s犯罪率激增 a ~ of strikes罢工浪潮 3. The movement you make when you ~ your hand挥手，招手 The President gave a wave to the crowd.总统向人群挥一挥手。 4.when sb suddenly feels a particular feeling very strongly(情绪的)突然波动He was overcome by a wave of homesickness.他感到一阵强烈的思乡情绪。 5.the form in which some types of energy move, for example light and sound(光、声等的)波radio ~s无线电波
21. joke 笑话 1.sth funny that you say or do to make people laugh笑话，玩笑Don’t get angry, it’s just a joke.别生气，只不过开个玩笑。tell a joke=tell a shot funny story讲笑话 play a joke on sb=trick sb to make people laugh开玩笑，戏弄人 take a joke=be able to laugh at a joke about yourself开得起玩笑 get/see the joke=understand why a joke is funny明白笑话的好笑之处 make a joke out of sth=to treat sth serious as if it were funny拿（严肃的事）开玩笑 be no joke=used to emphasize that a situation is serious or difficult可不是开玩笑的事（用来强调情况严重或困难） get beyond a joke= to become serious and worrying不是闹着玩的，严肃的
joke v. 1.to say funny things开玩笑，说笑话 2.be joking=to say sth without meaning it在开玩笑
22. summary 总结，摘要，提要 n. /C/ a shot statement that gives the main information about sth Read the article and write a ~ of it.
summary adj. (only before noun仅用于名词前)done immediately, without following the usual processes or rules（正式）即时的（而不依常规的），当场的，即决的 They have the powers of ~ arrest.他们有当场逮捕的权利。
sum v. sum up =1. to end a discussion or speech by giving the main information about it in a short statement总结，概括So, to sum up, we need to organize our time better.因此，总而言之，我们需要更好地安排时间。 2.to form an opinion about sb or sth判断，估量 Pat summed up the situation at a glance.帕特一眼就对形势做出了判断。
summarize v. to give only the main information about sth without the details总结，概括，概述
23. respect 尊敬，尊重 1./U/admiration for sb because of their knowledge, skill etc敬佩 ~ for I have great ~ for her as writer.我深深敬佩她的写作才华。2./U/when you treat sb in a polite way, esp. because they are older or more important than you.（尤指对年长者或地位较高者的）尊敬，敬重 ~ for He ought to show more ~ for authority.(= for his parents, teachers, managers etc)他应该对权威者多一点尊重。 3./U/when you show by your behavior that you think sth is important重视 I think the USA is a country where there is no ~ for basic human rights.我认为美国是个不重视基本人权的国家。 4.in one ~ / in many ~s etc = used to say that sth is true about one part of sth, about many parts of it在某一方面/在许多方面等In some ~s, Jose is right.在某些方面，Jose是对的。 5.with (all due) ~ =used before you say sth to disagree with sb(口语，正式)尽管我尊敬你（用于表达与某人不同意见之前）With all due ~, that is not the point.尽管我尊敬你，那并不是问题所在。 6.with ~ to / in ~ of =concerning a particular thing=regarding(正式)关于 With ~ to your question about jobs, all our positions are filled.关于你对工作的查询，我们所有的职位空缺都满了。 self-respect 自尊,自重
respect v. 1.to admire sb because of their knowledge, skill etc敬佩，敬重 The students like and ~ him.学生们喜欢并敬佩他。2.if you ~ sb’s wishes, rights, customs etc, you are careful not to do anything that they don’t want, or that they think is wrong尊重，顾及（某人的愿望，权利，习俗等） 3. If you ~ the law or the rules, you obey them遵守（法律、规章）
respectable adj.1.behaving in a way that people think is socially acceptable or morally right（行为）受人尊敬的、正派的 a ~ family 一个受人尊敬的家庭 2.neatly dressed and not dirty or untidy（穿着）体面地Do I look ~ 我看上去体面吗？ 3.good enough, satisfactory相当好的，令人满意的 a ~ score相当好的得分
24. grade 成绩，分数1./C/a number or letter that shows how well you have done in your school work(学业的)分数，成绩 Betty always gets goods.贝蒂总是得高分。 2./C,U/a level of quality or important等级，品级，级别 Grade A apples甲级苹果 3.make the grade=to succeed or reach the necessary standard成功，达到标准 Many few kids made the ~ as professional footballers.很少年轻人能达到职业足球运动员的水平。 4./C/ one of the 12 years you ae in school in the US(美国学校的)年级 Class One, Grade Eight 八（1）班
25. headmaster 校长 26. headmistress 女校长
27. period 一段时间/C/ 1.a length of time一段时间，时期 a ~ of six weeks六个星期的时间 2.in a piece of writing that shows the end of a sentence=full stop句号 3.one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into课时，一节（课） The first ~ on Tuesday is history.星期二的第一节课是历史课。
28. revision 复习/U/ when you prepare for a test by studying books, notes from you lessons etc(BrE)(功课的)温习，复习 2./C,U/ when sth is changed in order to improve it or make it more correct改变，修正
revise v. 1.to change th to improve it or make it more correct or suitable改变，修正 They were forced to ~ their plans.他们被迫修改计划。 the ~d edition of the book 这本书的修订版 2. BrE to prepare for a test by studying books, notes form your lessons etc(为考试)温习，复习（功课）=AmE review
29. translation 翻译 n./C,U/sth that has been translated into a different language or the process of translating sth into a different language译文，译本，翻译（过程）
translate v.1.to change speech or writing form one language to another翻译，把（语言或文字）译成（另一种语言） 2.to produce a particular result or make sth produce a particular result(正式)产生，导致（某种结果） ~ into This should ~ into lower production costs.这样应该会降低生产成本。
translator n./C/ sb whose job is to change writing or speech into a different language翻译（者），译员
interpreter n/C/sb who changes the spoken words of one language into another口译者，传译员
30. timetable 时间表 n. /C/ 1.a list of time and dates when things are planned to happen时间表，日程表 the school ~ 学校里的课程表 2.BrE a list of time of buses, trains etc (英公共汽车、火车等的)时刻表=AmE schedule
31. topic 话题，题目 n. /C/ a subject that people talk or write about(讲话或文章的)题目，论题，话题 Jack’s engagement was the main ~ of conversation. 杰克的订婚是那次话题的主题。
topical adj. relating to sth that is important at he present time热门话题的 a new TV show dealing with ~ issues 探讨热门问题的心电视节目
32. vacation 假期 AmE a period of time when you do not have to work or go to school假期，休假=BrE holiday the summer ~/ holiday 暑假 on ~ They are on ~ for the next two weeks.他们未来两周休假。 take a ~ 度假
33. revise 温习功课 （See the above 28）
34. discipline 纪律 n./U/1.the practice of making people obey rules and orders or the situation that results from this纪律， 戒律 The school has very high standards of ~这所学校的纪律很严格。 2.a way of training your mind and body or of learning to control your behaviour训练（法），锻炼 It took him a lot of hard work and ~ to make the Olympic team.他经过大量的艰苦努力和训练才进入奥运会参赛队。
discipline v.1. to teach sb to abbey rules and control their own behaviour训导，管教 The Blacks are not very good at ~ing their chidren.布莱克夫妇都不善于管教自己的孩子。 2.to punish sb who has disobeyed an organization’s rules惩罚，处罚（违反组织纪律的人）
35. relationship 关系 n.1/C/the way in which two people or groups behave towards each other(两个人或团体间的)关系 ~with The police have a good ~ with the community.警方和这个社区之间关系良好。 2./C/ a situation in which two people have sexual or romantic feelings for each other(两人间的)…关系，爱情关系 My parents have a strong ~.我父母的关系非常牢固。 3./C,U/ the way in which two or more things or ideas are connected with each other关系，关联 ~ between the ~ between pay and performance at work报酬和工作表现之间的关系
relative n./C/ a member of your family家人，亲属，亲戚He’s staying with ~s in Beijing. 他正和家人一起在北京。
36. formal 正式的 adj.1 suitable for official or serious occasions正式的 We made a ~ complaint.我们正式投诉了。 2. ~ education/training/qualification=educaton, training etc that you get in a school or college正规的教育/培训/资格 informal 非正式的
37. relaxed 轻松的，松懈的，宽松的1.feeling calm and comfortable and not worried轻松的，无拘无束的 He was lying in the sun looking very ~ and happy.他躺在太阳底下，看起来非常轻松愉快。 2.a situation that is ~ is comfortable and informal舒适的，随便的 a ~ atmosphere轻松的气氛
relaxing adj. making you feel relaxed使人放松的，使人懒洋洋的 a ~ afternoon in the garden在花园度过一个懒洋洋的下午
relax v. 1.to feel calm and comfortable and stop worrying or to make sb do this(使)放松，（使）轻松 Sit down and ~ ！ 坐下来休息一下~！ ~ sth/ sb Music will help ~ you.音乐能助你放松。 2.if you ~ a part of your body or it ~es, it becomes less stiff or less tight（使身体部位）松弛，放松Gentle exercise can ~ stiff shoulder muscles. 轻柔的运动可以使僵硬的肩部肌肉放松。 3.to make rules, laws etc less strict使松懈，放宽（规定，法律等） There are no plans to ~ the present immigration laws.没有放宽现有移民法的计划。
relaxation n.1./C,U/ a way of resting and enjoying yourself消遣，娱乐 Playing golf is one of my favourite ~s. 打高尔夫是我最喜欢的消遣之一。 2./U/the process of making rules on the control of sth less strict放宽，放松 ~ of a ~ of government controls政府控制的放宽
38. similarly 同样地，类似地 in a similar way相似的，同样地，相同地The two boys dress ~.两个小男孩穿得差不多一样。 2.also, likewise也，同样She was late and I ~ was delayed.她迟到了，我也来晚了。This idea is ~ expressed in his most recent book.这一观点在他最近出版的新书中也有类似的阐述。Men must wear a jacket an tie. ~, women must wear a skirt or dress and not trousers.男士必须穿外套，打领带，同样，女士必须穿裙子或套装，但不宜穿长裤。
similar adj. 1.almost the same but not exactly the same相似的，近似的，类似的We have ~tastes in music.我们对音乐的品味相近。These two signatures are so ~ that it’s very difficult to tell them apart.这两个签名非常相似，很难区别。 ~ to My opinion on the matter are ~ to Kate’s.我对这件事的见解和Kate的差不多。
similarity n.1./U/ the fact of being similar to sth else or the degree to which two or more things are ~ to each other类似，相似 ~ between a striking ~ between the two designs这两个设计之间的惊人相似 ~ to The story in this book shows some ~ to parts of that book.这本书的故事与那本的某些部分相类似。 些类似之处。 2./C/a way in which things or people are similar类似之点，相似之处The police say there are some similarities between the two attacks.警方说这两次袭击之间有相似之处。 When studying children and other young animals we see similarities in their behavior. 在研究小孩和其他动物的幼崽时，我们可以看到两者在行为上的一些类似之处。
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外研社必修1 M 2单词解释
1. amusing 有趣的，可笑的,逗笑的 funny and entertaining find sth ~=think sth is funny a highly ~ story十分有趣的故事 I didn’t find your jokes at all ~.我不觉得你的笑话有什么好笑。
amuse v. 1.to make sb laugh or smile使开心，使发笑 What ~d me most was the thought of Martin in a dress.想到马丁穿着连衣裙我就觉得很好笑。 2.to make sb spend time in an enjoyable way without getting bored给…提供娱乐/消遣 Doing jigsaws would ~ Amy for hours on end.艾米会连续几个小时津津有味地玩着拼图玩具。 ~ oneself The kids ~d themselves playing hide-and seek.孩子们玩捉迷藏自娱自乐。
amused adj. 1.sb who is ~ by sth thinks it is funny so that they smile or laugh被逗乐的，感到有意思的 ~at/ by He won’t be ~ when he finds out what has happened to his garden.等他发现花园里发生的情况时，他就没有什么可乐的了。 2.keep sb ~ to entertain or interest sb for a long time so that they do not get bored使人保持快乐的状态It’s hard work trying to keep the kids ~ on rainy days.想在雨天逗孩子开心很不容易。
amusement n. 1. /U/the feeling you have when you think sth is funny开心，愉悦Tom’s tricks were a source of endless ~ to the other boys.汤姆的小戏法给其他孩子带来了无尽的乐趣。 to sb’s ~令人发笑的 To everyone’s ~ he turned up for work in a straw hat and jeans.可笑的是，他戴着草帽、穿着牛仔裤来上班了。 2.~s/plural/ special things such as machines or games that are intended to entertain people娱乐设施，娱乐活动The kids can ride on the ~那些娱乐设施可供孩子们骑在上面。 3./U/the process of getting or providing pleasure and enjoyment娱乐 ~ arcade（有电子游戏机等娱乐设施的）游戏机室，游乐场 ~ park 游乐场
2. energetic 精力充沛的 very active and able to work hard充满活力的，精力充沛的 We need a young, strong and ~ leader.我们需要一个年轻坚定充满活力的领袖人物。energetically adv.
energize v.1.to make sb feel more determined and energetic使增强决心使充满活力 2./usually passive/to make a machine work使/机器/运转motors ~d by solar cells使用太阳能电池的发动机
energy n. /C,U/ 1.the physical and mental strength that makes you able to be active力量，活力The task will take an enormous amount of time and ~. 完成那项任务需要大量的时间和精力。in full of ~ 精力充沛 2.power that is used to provide heat, drive machine etc such as oil and coal能，能源，能量 3. energies the effort that you use to do things精力 apply/devote your ~ to 把精力花在
3. intelligent 聪明的, 理解力强的good at learning and understanding things; clever
intelligence n. /U/1.the ability to learn and understand things智力，理解力 a child of average ~智力一般的孩子 2. A high level of learning ,understanding and thinking ability 聪颖，聪明 a woman of beauty, charm and ~ 美丽、迷人、聪慧的女人 3.information about the secret activities of other governments情报，谍报foreign ~ services外国情报机关 ~ gathering情报收集
IQ= ~ quotient =your level of intelligence measured by a special test with 100 being the average result智力商数（智力的水平，用特殊测验测试，以100为平均数） quotient (the amount or degree of a quality, feeling etc in a person, thing or situation)商数（如智商，情商等），指数 Is all this healthy food supposed to increase my happiness quotient 是不是所有的这些保健食品都能增加我的幸福指数？
4. nervous 紧张的,焦虑的1.worried or frightened about sth and unable to relax紧张不安的,烦躁的
Sam’s very ~ about his driving test. 森姆对他的驾驶考试感到非常紧张。 2.often worried or frightened and easily upset经常焦虑不安的，神经质的She’s a ~ and sensitive girl.她是个神经脆弱而且敏感的女孩子。 3. Related to the nerves in your body神经系统的，神经方面的 a ~disorder神经系统紊乱
词汇变异
nervous 当你做一件困难或陌生的事情，或者对某件可能发生或即将发生的事感到担心或有点害怕时，你会感到nervous。Don’t drive so fast, you are making me nervous!别开那么快，这使我紧张。
uneasy 当你猜想有不祥的事正在发生或即将发生而无法放松时，你会感到uneasy。 When Jody didn’t call for the next three days I started to get uneasy.在接下来的3天力，乔迪一直没有电话来，这使我开始变得不安起来。
concerned 当出现某个问题，或某人遇到问题而你想帮助解决时，你会感到concerned。I’m rather concerned about Harvey’s health.我对哈维的健康感到相当忧虑。
worried 一词较为强烈。涂过你感到worried，就说明你不开心，总是为某个问题或可能发生的不祥之事而担心。Martha’s very worried about her son’s disappearance.玛莎因为儿子失踪而十分担心。
anxious则更为强烈。当你为正在发生或可能发生的某事感到十分担心和害怕时，你会感到anxious. She was very anxious while searching the crowds for her mother. 她十分焦虑地在人群中寻找着母亲。
5. organized 有组织的，有系统的 1.achieving aims in an effective, ordered and sensible way有序的，有组织的、条理的I’m sorry I forgot-I’m not very ~ these days.对不起我忘了-这几天脑子有点乱。 2.be ~ for and done by many people有组织的，安排有序的 ~ religion有组织的宗教活动 ~ crime 有组织的犯罪
organize v. 1.to make the necessary arrangements so that an activity can happen筹划，筹备They ~d a protest march.他们筹划了一次抗议游行。 Who’s going to ~ the party this year 谁来筹备今年的聚会？ 2.to arrange information, work, a group etc so that it works correctly组织，安培，将…编组 ~ your thoughts before you begin to speak.把思绪理清楚了再说话。
organization n. 1.a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose组织，团体，机构 2./U/the act of planning and arranging things effectively有效安排（组织、协调）~ of 3./U/the way in which the different parts of a system are arranged and work机构，体制 ~ of
6. patient 耐心的 able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept difficulties, people’s annoying behavior etc without becoming angry有耐心的，忍耐的，有毅力的 be ~ with ~ly adv.
patient n. sb who receives medical treatment from a doctor病人，患者
patience n.1.the ability to wait calmly for a long time and accept delays without becoming angry or anxious(忍受长时间等待的)耐心，忍耐性We listened to his story with ~.我们耐心地倾听他的叙述。 You need ~ if you want to be served in this shop…想在这家商店得到服务，你需要有耐心。 2.the ability to accept trouble and other people’s annoying behavior without complaining or becoming angry(忍受麻烦事或他人讨厌的行为的)耐心，耐性，忍受力，克制力 have no ~ with She has no ~ with time-wasters.她对浪费时间的人没有耐性。 lose ~(with)对…失去耐性
the ~ of Job/ the ~ of a saint=very great ~ when sb is annoying you约伯/圣人的耐心（极大地耐心）
try sb’s ~=make sb lose their ~使人失去耐心或无法忍受 3.the ability to continue to give your attention to work that is difficult or tiring坚韧，韧性，毅力 have the ~ to do sth.
7. serious 严肃的 1. Thoughtful, not given to pleasure-seeking 严肃的，庄重的，深思的，不嬉戏的~ appearance, face严肃的外表，脸 2. Important because of possible danger严重的，重大的a ~ mistake严重的错误 3.sincere, in earnest认真的，真诚的 Please be ~ about your work.请用心工作。 ~ly adv.
8. shy 害羞的，羞怯的 1.nervous and embarrassed about talking to other people 羞怯的，腼腆的，缺乏自信的That little girl is painfully ~. 那小女孩害羞得要命。 2.unwilling to do sh or get involved in sth迟疑的，不情愿的 be ~ about He’s not ~ about showing off his wealth.他炫耀自己的财富决不迟疑。
9. strict 严格的，严厉的1.a strict person makes sure that people always obey rules and do exactly what they asy, and does not let people behave badly（人）严格的，严厉的 His parents are very ~.他的父母非常严格。 2.a strict rule, order etc must be obeyed completely（规定，命令等）需要严格执行的，严格的 I have ~ instructions not to play games. 我有严格指示，不准玩游戏。 3.always behaving according to a particular set of rules or religious beliefs(对规则、信仰)严格遵守的a ~ vegetarian严格的素食者 4.very exact and correct严谨的，精确地 It’s not a restaurant in the ~est sense of the word-it’s more like a café.从严格的意义上说这不是餐馆-它更像咖啡馆。 ~ly adv.
10. impression 印象/C/ 1.the opinion or feeling you have about sb or sth because of the way they seem（对人、事的）印象，感想 ~ of What’s your ~ of Frank as a boss 你对身为老板的弗兰克印象如何？ first ~ 第一印象 create a good/bad ~=make an ~ on 留下好、坏印象 have/get the ~ that = think that sth is a fact because of the way the situation seems觉得 I get the distinct ~ that we are not wanted here.我明显感觉到我们在这里是不受欢迎的。 be under the ~ that=wrongly believe that sth is a fact because of the way the situation seems原以为，误认为 I’m sorry, I was under the ~ that you were the manager.对不起，我以为你是经理。 2.the act of copying the speech or behavior of a famous person in order to make people laugh(对名人言行的——滑稽模仿 do an ~ of He can do a wonderful ~ of Zhao Benshan. 他对赵本山的模仿真实维妙维肖！ 3.a mark left by pressing 印记，压痕
impress v. (详见 M1词汇解释20)
11. avoid 避开 1.to make sure that sth bad does not happen避免，防止（坏事情发生）You can ~ a lot of problems by using traveller’s cheques.使用旅行支票，你可以避免许多麻烦。 ~ doing sth避免做…This leaflet tells you how to ~ getting ill while travelling.这本小册子告诉你怎么在旅行期间防止生病。 2.to deliberately stay away from sb or sth（故意）回避，避开Jon was embarrassed and tried t o~ us the next day.乔恩很尴尬，第二天设法躲着我们。 Every day I have to manage to ~ the worst of the traffic.我每天都设法避开交通最拥挤的时候。 to ~ sb/sth like the plague=stay away from sb or sth completely esp. because they are very unpleasant像躲避瘟疫一样地避开sb/sth I used to ~ that class like the plague.我曾经像躲瘟疫一样地躲避那门课。 3.to deliberately not do sth esp. because it is dangerous, unpleasant etc逃避 Loopholes are a way of legally ~ing taxes.钻税法的空子是合法逃税的一种方法。
avoidance n. /U/ the act of avoiding sb or sth回避，避开，避免 ~ of the ~ of issues such as domestic violence避免家庭暴力事件之类的问题 tax ~避税
12. hate 讨厌，不喜欢(not in progressive不用进行式)1.to dislike sb very much and feel angry towards them憎恨，憎恶，仇恨 2.to dislike sth very much 讨厌，不喜欢I hate housework我讨厌做家务。 Paul hates having his photos taken.保罗不喜欢别人给他照相。 I hate to see you making a fool of yourself.我不喜欢看见你出丑。 Jenny’s mother hates her staying out late.詹尼的母亲不喜欢她晚上在外面待得太晚。 I hate it when people ask for money.我不喜欢别人向我要钱。
13. incorrectly 不正确地not correctly or truly
pletely 十分地，完全地 in every way, totally 完全地，全部地，彻底地 I ~ forgot that it was his birthday yesterday. 我完全忘了昨天是它的生日。 I felt ~ relaxed.我觉得完全放松下来了。
complete adj. 1.a word used to emphasize that a quality you are describing is as great or extreme as possible十足的，完全的 The police were in ~ control of the situation.警方已完全控制了局势。 2.havin all parts, details, facts etc included and with nothing missing完整的，全部的，整个的 The captain ordered a ~ baggage chech.船长命令对行李进行彻底检查。3.(not before noun不用于名词前)finished已完成的，已结束的 The work on the new building is nearly ~.新楼房工程已接近完工。
complete v. 1.to finish doing sth esp. when it has taken a long time结束，完成（尤指经历长时间之后）The building took two years to ~. 这栋大楼花了两年才建成。2.to make sth whole or perfect by adding what is missing使完整，使圆满 He only needs one more stamp to ~ his collection.他只差一张邮票，就收集全了。 To ~ a form/ questionnaire填表格、填写问卷
15. appreciate感激1.to understand and enjoy the good qualities or value of sth欣赏，鉴赏，赏识Her abilities are not fully ~d by her employer.她的才干尚未得到雇主的充分赏识。 2.to be grateful for sth that sb has done感激 I ~d his help when we moved.我很感激他在我们搬家的时候给予的帮助。 I would ~ it if …=Please do what I ask 如果…，我将不胜感激 I would be ~ it if you would turn the music down.如果你把音乐关小一点，我将不胜感激。 3(not in progressive不用进行式)to understand how serious a situation or problem is or what sb’s feelings are充分理解，明白 I don’t think you ~ the difficulties his absence will cause.我认为你不完全了解她的缺席会造成什么样的困难。 4.to gradually become more valuable over a period of time增值 Most investments are expected to ~ at a steady rate.人们盼望大多数投资会平均增值。 反义词：depreciate 1.to decrease in value or price贬值，跌价 New cars will depreciate quite fast.新汽车往往很快就跌价。 2. To make sth seem unimportant贬低，轻视
16. admit 承认 1.to agree or say that sth is true, although you are unwilling to(不情愿地)承认，供认 He was wrong, but he won’t ~ it. 他错了，但他不会承认的。 You may not like her, but you have to ~ that she’s good at her job.你也许不喜欢她，但你必须承认她胜任工作。 2.also 又作admit to=to say that you have done sth wrong, esp. sth criminal(=confess)承认（做错了事，犯了罪） ~ (to) doing sth A quarter of the workers ~ to taking time off when they are not ill.四分之一的工人承认他们没有病的时候休过假。 ~ (to) sth After questioning he ~ted to the murder. 经过盘问后，他承认自己是凶手。 He’ll never ~ to the murder.他是决不会承认谋杀罪的。 3.to allow sb or sth to enter a public place to watch a game, performance etc允许…进入 ~ sb to/ into Only ticket-holders will be ~ted into the stadium.只有持票者才可引入体育场。 4.to allow sb to join organization, club etc允许加入，接纳 ~ sb to/ into My brther was ~ted into Beijing University.我弟弟被北京大学录取了。 5~ defeat= to stop trying to do sth because you realize you cannot succeed（中途）承认失败，认输 He kept running, refusing to ~ defeat.他继续跑，不甘认输。
admittance n. /U/ (formal正式)permission to enter a place进入权 gain ~ =get ~ 获准进入Gaining ~ to the club was no easy matter.获准进入这家俱乐部绝不是件容易的事。
admittedly adv.(sentence adverb句子副词)used when you are admitting that sth is true诚然，确实低，不可否认地 The technique is painful, ~, but it benefits the patient greatly.应该承认，采用这种技术会 有点痛，但对病人十分有益。
17. scientific 科学的 1. About or connected with science or using its methods科学上的，用科学方法的 ~ discoveries科学发现 ~ proof科学证明 2. (informal非正式)done very carefully using an organized system精细的，有系统的，有条理的We do keep accounts for the business, but we’re not very ~ about it.我们的业务确实留有账目，但我们做的不够精细有条理。 ~ally adv.
science n. /U/ knowledge about the world, esp. based on examination and testing, and on facts that can be proved科学 ~ has taught us how atoms are made up.科学使我们明白原子是怎样构成的。 2./U/ the study of ~ 理科 a degree in ~ 理科学位 3./C/ a particular part of ~, for example biology, chemistry, physics理科的一门学科，如生物，化学，物理 the physical ~s自然科学 ~ fiction科幻小说 ~ park 科学园区，新技术（研究）开发区
scientist 科学家 /C/sb who works or is trained in science.
18. literature 文学1.works such as these that are studied as a subject(作为学科研究的)文学 a course in modern African ~ 非洲现代文学课程 2.books, plays, poems etc that people think have value文学作品 one of the great works of Chinese ~ 中国文学巨著之一 3.all the books, articles etc n a particular subject 专著，文献资料 ~ on the history of science科学史的文献资料 4. Printed information produced by organizations that want to sell sth or tell people about sth商品促销印刷品，宣传品 Do you have any sales ~ available 你们有没有促销商品的宣传单？
19. loudly=loud 大声地 loud adj. 1. Making a lot of noise大声地，喧闹的a ~ bang响亮的撞击声 That music is too ~. 那音乐声太吵了。 2.sb who is loud talks too loudly and confidently（人）说话过于大声自信的 The more Tom drank, the louder he became. 汤姆喝得越多，说话声音越大。 3.loud clothes are unpleasantly bright（衣服）花哨的，刺眼的 That red skirt is a bit loud, isn’t it 那件短裙有点花哨吧？ His manner is too loud.他的样子太招摇。 4.be loud in your praise/ opposition etc= to express your approval or disapproval very strongly竭力赞同/敢对等。
词汇变异 loud/ loudly/aloud这些副词均含有“高声地、大声地”之意思。
loud指声音响亮，高声说话，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。Please speak a bit louder.再大点声说。
loudly响亮地，大声地。与loud含义相同，可放在动词前或之后，用以说明声音的强度，含“喧闹”之意味。
aloud出声地；大声地，高声地。强调出声，能让人听见，无比较级用于修饰cry, call, shout等动词时，有高声之意。Please read the poem aloud for us.请给我们朗诵一下这首诗吧。
20. wave 挥手，招手1 to move your hand or sth you hold in your hand as a signal or greeting挥手，挥动He started shouting and waving his arms.他开始大声喊叫并挥动双臂。 ~ sb through /away=tell them they should go through, away etc by waving your hand挥手示意某人过去/走开 The customs inspector waved us through.海关检查员挥手示意我们通过。 2.to move gently with the wind飘动，飘扬 ~ sth aside = to refuse to pay attention to what sb has said because you don’t think it is important对…置之不理
wave n. /C/ 1.a raised line of water that moves across the surface of a large area of water esp. the sea浪，波涛Huge waves were crashing into the sides of the ship.巨浪猛击着船边。 2.when sth suddenly starts happening a lot（某活动的）激增，浪潮 the crime ~s犯罪率激增 a ~ of strikes罢工浪潮 3. The movement you make when you ~ your hand挥手，招手 The President gave a wave to the crowd.总统向人群挥一挥手。 4.when sb suddenly feels a particular feeling very strongly(情绪的)突然波动He was overcome by a wave of homesickness.他感到一阵强烈的思乡情绪。 5.the form in which some types of energy move, for example light and sound(光、声等的)波radio ~s无线电波
21. joke 笑话 1.sth funny that you say or do to make people laugh笑话，玩笑Don’t get angry, it’s just a joke.别生气，只不过开个玩笑。tell a joke=tell a shot funny story讲笑话 play a joke on sb=trick sb to make people laugh开玩笑，戏弄人 take a joke=be able to laugh at a joke about yourself开得起玩笑 get/see the joke=understand why a joke is funny明白笑话的好笑之处 make a joke out of sth=to treat sth serious as if it were funny拿（严肃的事）开玩笑 be no joke=used to emphasize that a situation is serious or difficult可不是开玩笑的事（用来强调情况严重或困难） get beyond a joke= to become serious and worrying不是闹着玩的，严肃的
joke v. 1.to say funny things开玩笑，说笑话 2.be joking=to say sth without meaning it在开玩笑
22. summary 总结，摘要，提要 n. /C/ a shot statement that gives the main information about sth Read the article and write a ~ of it.
summary adj. (only before noun仅用于名词前)done immediately, without following the usual processes or rules（正式）即时的（而不依常规的），当场的，即决的 They have the powers of ~ arrest.他们有当场逮捕的权利。
sum v. sum up =1. to end a discussion or speech by giving the main information about it in a short statement总结，概括So, to sum up, we need to organize our time better.因此，总而言之，我们需要更好地安排时间。 2.to form an opinion about sb or sth判断，估量 Pat summed up the situation at a glance.帕特一眼就对形势做出了判断。
summarize v. to give only the main information about sth without the details总结，概括，概述
23. respect 尊敬，尊重 1./U/admiration for sb because of their knowledge, skill etc敬佩 ~ for I have great ~ for her as writer.我深深敬佩她的写作才华。2./U/when you treat sb in a polite way, esp. because they are older or more important than you.（尤指对年长者或地位较高者的）尊敬，敬重 ~ for He ought to show more ~ for authority.(= for his parents, teachers, managers etc)他应该对权威者多一点尊重。 3./U/when you show by your behavior that you think sth is important重视 I think the USA is a country where there is no ~ for basic human rights.我认为美国是个不重视基本人权的国家。 4.in one ~ / in many ~s etc = used to say that sth is true about one part of sth, about many parts of it在某一方面/在许多方面等In some ~s, Jose is right.在某些方面，Jose是对的。 5.with (all due) ~ =used before you say sth to disagree with sb(口语，正式)尽管我尊敬你（用于表达与某人不同意见之前）With all due ~, that is not the point.尽管我尊敬你，那并不是问题所在。 6.with ~ to / in ~ of =concerning a particular thing=regarding(正式)关于 With ~ to your question about jobs, all our positions are filled.关于你对工作的查询，我们所有的职位空缺都满了。 self-respect 自尊,自重
respect v. 1.to admire sb because of their knowledge, skill etc敬佩，敬重 The students like and ~ him.学生们喜欢并敬佩他。2.if you ~ sb’s wishes, rights, customs etc, you are careful not to do anything that they don’t want, or that they think is wrong尊重，顾及（某人的愿望，权利，习俗等） 3. If you ~ the law or the rules, you obey them遵守（法律、规章）
respectable adj.1.behaving in a way that people think is socially acceptable or morally right（行为）受人尊敬的、正派的 a ~ family 一个受人尊敬的家庭 2.neatly dressed and not dirty or untidy（穿着）体面地Do I look ~ 我看上去体面吗？ 3.good enough, satisfactory相当好的，令人满意的 a ~ score相当好的得分
24. grade 成绩，分数1./C/a number or letter that shows how well you have done in your school work(学业的)分数，成绩 Betty always gets goods.贝蒂总是得高分。 2./C,U/a level of quality or important等级，品级，级别 Grade A apples甲级苹果 3.make the grade=to succeed or reach the necessary standard成功，达到标准 Many few kids made the ~ as professional footballers.很少年轻人能达到职业足球运动员的水平。 4./C/ one of the 12 years you ae in school in the US(美国学校的)年级 Class One, Grade Eight 八（1）班
25. headmaster 校长 26. headmistress 女校长
27. period 一段时间/C/ 1.a length of time一段时间，时期 a ~ of six weeks六个星期的时间 2.in a piece of writing that shows the end of a sentence=full stop句号 3.one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into课时，一节（课） The first ~ on Tuesday is history.星期二的第一节课是历史课。
28. revision 复习/U/ when you prepare for a test by studying books, notes from you lessons etc(BrE)(功课的)温习，复习 2./C,U/ when sth is changed in order to improve it or make it more correct改变，修正
revise v. 1.to change th to improve it or make it more correct or suitable改变，修正 They were forced to ~ their plans.他们被迫修改计划。 the ~d edition of the book 这本书的修订版 2. BrE to prepare for a test by studying books, notes form your lessons etc(为考试)温习，复习（功课）=AmE review
29. translation 翻译 n./C,U/sth that has been translated into a different language or the process of translating sth into a different language译文，译本，翻译（过程）
translate v.1.to change speech or writing form one language to another翻译，把（语言或文字）译成（另一种语言） 2.to produce a particular result or make sth produce a particular result(正式)产生，导致（某种结果） ~ into This should ~ into lower production costs.这样应该会降低生产成本。
translator n./C/ sb whose job is to change writing or speech into a different language翻译（者），译员
interpreter n/C/sb who changes the spoken words of one language into another口译者，传译员
30. timetable 时间表 n. /C/ 1.a list of time and dates when things are planned to happen时间表，日程表 the school ~ 学校里的课程表 2.BrE a list of time of buses, trains etc (英公共汽车、火车等的)时刻表=AmE schedule
31. topic 话题，题目 n. /C/ a subject that people talk or write about(讲话或文章的)题目，论题，话题 Jack’s engagement was the main ~ of conversation. 杰克的订婚是那次话题的主题。
topical adj. relating to sth that is important at he present time热门话题的 a new TV show dealing with ~ issues 探讨热门问题的心电视节目
32. vacation 假期 AmE a period of time when you do not have to work or go to school假期，休假=BrE holiday the summer ~/ holiday 暑假 on ~ They are on ~ for the next two weeks.他们未来两周休假。 take a ~ 度假
33. revise 温习功课 （See the above 28）
34. discipline 纪律 n./U/1.the practice of making people obey rules and orders or the situation that results from this纪律， 戒律 The school has very high standards of ~这所学校的纪律很严格。 2.a way of training your mind and body or of learning to control your behaviour训练（法），锻炼 It took him a lot of hard work and ~ to make the Olympic team.他经过大量的艰苦努力和训练才进入奥运会参赛队。
discipline v.1. to teach sb to abbey rules and control their own behaviour训导，管教 The Blacks are not very good at ~ing their chidren.布莱克夫妇都不善于管教自己的孩子。 2.to punish sb who has disobeyed an organization’s rules惩罚，处罚（违反组织纪律的人）
35. relationship 关系 n.1/C/the way in which two people or groups behave towards each other(两个人或团体间的)关系 ~with The police have a good ~ with the community.警方和这个社区之间关系良好。 2./C/ a situation in which two people have sexual or romantic feelings for each other(两人间的)…关系，爱情关系 My parents have a strong ~.我父母的关系非常牢固。 3./C,U/ the way in which two or more things or ideas are connected with each other关系，关联 ~ between the ~ between pay and performance at work报酬和工作表现之间的关系
relative n./C/ a member of your family家人，亲属，亲戚He’s staying with ~s in Beijing. 他正和家人一起在北京。
36. formal 正式的 adj.1 suitable for official or serious occasions正式的 We made a ~ complaint.我们正式投诉了。 2. ~ education/training/qualification=educaton, training etc that you get in a school or college正规的教育/培训/资格 informal 非正式的
37. relaxed 轻松的，松懈的，宽松的1.feeling calm and comfortable and not worried轻松的，无拘无束的 He was lying in the sun looking very ~ and happy.他躺在太阳底下，看起来非常轻松愉快。 2.a situation that is ~ is comfortable and informal舒适的，随便的 a ~ atmosphere轻松的气氛
relaxing adj. making you feel relaxed使人放松的，使人懒洋洋的 a ~ afternoon in the garden在花园度过一个懒洋洋的下午
relax v. 1.to feel calm and comfortable and stop worrying or to make sb do this(使)放松，（使）轻松 Sit down and ~ ！ 坐下来休息一下~！ ~ sth/ sb Music will help ~ you.音乐能助你放松。 2.if you ~ a part of your body or it ~es, it becomes less stiff or less tight（使身体部位）松弛，放松Gentle exercise can ~ stiff shoulder muscles. 轻柔的运动可以使僵硬的肩部肌肉放松。 3.to make rules, laws etc less strict使松懈，放宽（规定，法律等） There are no plans to ~ the present immigration laws.没有放宽现有移民法的计划。
relaxation n.1./C,U/ a way of resting and enjoying yourself消遣，娱乐 Playing golf is one of my favourite ~s. 打高尔夫是我最喜欢的消遣之一。 2./U/the process of making rules on the control of sth less strict放宽，放松 ~ of a ~ of government controls政府控制的放宽
38. similarly 同样地，类似地 in a similar way相似的，同样地，相同地The two boys dress ~.两个小男孩穿得差不多一样。 2.also, likewise也，同样She was late and I ~ was delayed.她迟到了，我也来晚了。This idea is ~ expressed in his most recent book.这一观点在他最近出版的新书中也有类似的阐述。Men must wear a jacket an tie. ~, women must wear a skirt or dress and not trousers.男士必须穿外套，打领带，同样，女士必须穿裙子或套装，但不宜穿长裤。
similar adj. 1.almost the same but not exactly the same相似的，近似的，类似的We have ~tastes in music.我们对音乐的品味相近。These two signatures are so ~ that it’s very difficult to tell them apart.这两个签名非常相似，很难区别。 ~ to My opinion on the matter are ~ to Kate’s.我对这件事的见解和Kate的差不多。
similarity n.1./U/ the fact of being similar to sth else or the degree to which two or more things are ~ to each other类似，相似 ~ between a striking ~ between the two designs这两个设计之间的惊人相似 ~ to The story in this book shows some ~ to parts of that book.这本书的故事与那本的某些部分相类似。 些类似之处。 2./C/a way in which things or people are similar类似之点，相似之处The police say there are some similarities between the two attacks.警方说这两次袭击之间有相似之处。 When studying children and other young animals we see similarities in their behavior. 在研究小孩和其他动物的幼崽时，我们可以看到两者在行为上的一些类似之处。
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