英语2011届高考复习课件：形容词、副词和代词
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| 名称 | 英语2011届高考复习课件：形容词、副词和代词 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-10-17 11:44:00 | ||
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课件36张PPT。形容词、副词和代词形容词和副词一、形容词的语法功能1.作定语
前置定语： a beautiful picture
an honest boy
多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：
限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+用途+被修饰的名词
the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridge
ten strong black plastic bags
后置定语：
（1）当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如something, anything, nothing等时。
There’s nothing new in today’s newspaper.
She must have met something dangerous.
（2） 形容词短语作定语时。
This is a problem difficult to solve at present.
Tom is a boy good at sports in our class.
（3）少数以a开头的形容词（absent, alike, alive, available）及其它形容词(concerned, present) 作定语时。
He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot.
People concerned will attend the meeting.
（4）由and, or, both…and连接的并列形容词成对使用时。
Everyone, old or young, will take part in the activities.
The ______ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived
in for years. ( 2004江苏）
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. white little wooden
2. ______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2000全国）
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
CA即学即练2. 作表语
We are hungry.
He looks unhappy.
注意：
有的形容词一般只能作表语。
如表示健康状况的：well, unwell, ill, faint;
以a开头的：afraid, alone, asleep, ashamed
3. 作宾语补足语
I think the book interesting.
He found the work difficult.
4. 作状语
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
Funny, he pretends to know what he doesn’t know.
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _________. （2008 北京）
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
B即学即练二、副词的语法功能1.作定语
Almost everyone has a car in America.
The building there looks grand.
2. 作表语
Time is up.
I thought I was over.
3. 作宾语补足语
I am very happy to see you back.
Keep the light on if you feel afraid.
4. 作状语
It’s raining heavily.
It’s a rather interesting job.
This is just what I said.
Eventually he arrived in Beijing.
注意：1. 有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义不同。
The station is quite near.
He lives near.
It’s nearly 10 o’clock.
The cake is hard.
We all work hard.
I can hardly understand you.
2. 具有两种形式的副词
high wide deep close
highly widely deeply closely
He’d like to sleep with the window _____
at night.
A. open wide B. open widely
C. wide open D. opened wide 即学即练C三、形容词和副词的比较等级（一） 原级 （一） 原级
as+形容词/ 副词原级+as
Tom is as tall as Jack.
He speaks English as fluently as you.
My computer is not so/ as expensive as yours.
注意：1. almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half 等词可用来加强as…as结构的语气。
This book is just as interesting as that one.
三、形容词和副词的比较等级2. 几种变化形式：
as much + 不可数名词 + as
There is as much water in this bottle as in that one.
as many +可数名词复数 + as
Bob has read as many books as Mary.
as + 形容词 + 不定冠词 + 可数名词单数 + as
German is as difficult a language as Chinese.
as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 +as
Bread is as important food as rice.
（二）比较级 形容词/ 副词比较级+than
John works harder than Mary.
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
This book is better than that one.
注意 ：1.形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。
2. much, still, even, far, by far, a lot, a bit, a
great deal等词可置于比较级前,加强语气。
Could you drive a bit more slowly?
3.以or结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to不
接than. 如superior, inferior, senior, junior 。
He is 4 years senior to me.
4. 几种特殊结构
1）the +比较级， the +比较级 “越……，越……”
The higher you climb, the farther you will see.
The more you use English, the more you will
want to learn it.
2）比较级 +and +比较级 “越来越……”
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
My school is becoming more and more beautiful.
3）主语 + 比较级 + than any (other)…
China is larger than any country in Africa.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
4）倍数的比较
倍数 + as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
This room is three times as large as that one.
倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级+ than
This room is twice larger than that one.
倍数 + the size/ length/ weight/ height/
width /…+of…
This room is three times the size of that one.
（三）最高级 the +形容词/副词最高级 +比较范围
He is the tallest boy in our class.
This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
注意：
1. 形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
She works hardest in our class.
2. 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。
He is a most clever policeman.
This film is most interesting.
3. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly,
almost, by no means, not quite等词语修饰。
He is by far the most popular singer in our pub.
4. not, never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级
连用，表示最高含义。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a
better voice.
5. 有些表示“最高程度”的形容词， 如 excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite 等没有最高级，也不用比较级。
How much ____ she looked without her glasses!
A. well B. good C. best D. better
2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _____ his.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
3. --- Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
--- Yes, I’ve never been to ____ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited
C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
即学即练DBC代 词代词一、要点概述 代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词。二、考点聚焦 1、指示代词 1、指示代词 （this, that , these, those）
① this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；
that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this: the English party will be
held this Friday evening.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t
come.
二、考点聚焦② 为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
③ this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方。
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John?
④ this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
Is he always this busy?
He’d like to get that big a car.
2、不定代词
（1）some，any
（2）both, all , every, each
（3）either, neither
（4）no one , nobody, none
（5）(a) few, (a) little
（6）other, the other, others, the others,
another
2、不定代词3、it，that，one，the one, the ones, those 等代词用法解析 1）it和that都替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类事物”。
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
（2）one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those。
We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made one from some wood we had.
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the students except the ones/ those who had already taken them.
1. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.
A. it B. those C. one D. that
（ 2008辽宁）
2. --- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______?
--- No, I’d rather buy ____ in the bookstore.
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
（2008陕西）即学即练DA4、It的用法（1）可表示时间、距离、度量衡、自然现象等。
It’s too late to go to the cinema.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
（2）作为人称代词，可指动物或无生命的东西， 也可指代性别不明的小孩或未知的人，或在电话用语中指自己一方的人。
It’s a book.
--Is that Tom speaking?
--No, it isn’t . This is Jack speaking.
The bell is ringing; please go and see who it is.（3）指代前面的名词或前面提到的事。
He is weak at listening and he has realized it.
（4） 作为形式主语
It’s possible to finish the work in two hours.
It is a pity that he should fail the exam.
It’s no use talking with him about the matter.
It’s said that he had been to London.（5）作为形式宾语
I found it difficult to finish the work today.
I consider it no good playing computer games.
Mother hates it when someone talks with his mouth full.
It was Tom that/ who I met in the park yesterday.
It was I who/ that met Tom in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.
Where was it that he met Tom?
I wonder where it was that he met Tom.
（6）用于强调结构 It is/ was…that (who)… It’s (high/about) time that sb did sth.
It’s (was) the first/second/… time that sb has (had) done sth
It is/was/ has been + 时间段+since 从句(一般过去时、过去完成时)
It will be/ was +时间段+before 从句( 一般现在时、一般过去时)
It seems/appears/ happens /…+that 从句
（7） 用于一些固定句型 make it 成功做到
as it is 事实上/原样
as it were 似乎
take it easy 别紧张、放轻松
that’s it 对啦
keep at it 不放弃
（8） 用于一些固定短语 1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV.
(2007全国）
A. One B. This C. It D. That
2. He didn’t make ____ clear when and
where the meeting would be held.
(2007天津）
A. this B. that C. it D. these
3. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters
not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
即学即练CCBThank you!
Goodbye!
前置定语： a beautiful picture
an honest boy
多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：
限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+用途+被修饰的名词
the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridge
ten strong black plastic bags
后置定语：
（1）当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如something, anything, nothing等时。
There’s nothing new in today’s newspaper.
She must have met something dangerous.
（2） 形容词短语作定语时。
This is a problem difficult to solve at present.
Tom is a boy good at sports in our class.
（3）少数以a开头的形容词（absent, alike, alive, available）及其它形容词(concerned, present) 作定语时。
He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot.
People concerned will attend the meeting.
（4）由and, or, both…and连接的并列形容词成对使用时。
Everyone, old or young, will take part in the activities.
The ______ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived
in for years. ( 2004江苏）
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. white little wooden
2. ______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2000全国）
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
CA即学即练2. 作表语
We are hungry.
He looks unhappy.
注意：
有的形容词一般只能作表语。
如表示健康状况的：well, unwell, ill, faint;
以a开头的：afraid, alone, asleep, ashamed
3. 作宾语补足语
I think the book interesting.
He found the work difficult.
4. 作状语
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
Funny, he pretends to know what he doesn’t know.
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _________. （2008 北京）
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
B即学即练二、副词的语法功能1.作定语
Almost everyone has a car in America.
The building there looks grand.
2. 作表语
Time is up.
I thought I was over.
3. 作宾语补足语
I am very happy to see you back.
Keep the light on if you feel afraid.
4. 作状语
It’s raining heavily.
It’s a rather interesting job.
This is just what I said.
Eventually he arrived in Beijing.
注意：1. 有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义不同。
The station is quite near.
He lives near.
It’s nearly 10 o’clock.
The cake is hard.
We all work hard.
I can hardly understand you.
2. 具有两种形式的副词
high wide deep close
highly widely deeply closely
He’d like to sleep with the window _____
at night.
A. open wide B. open widely
C. wide open D. opened wide 即学即练C三、形容词和副词的比较等级（一） 原级 （一） 原级
as+形容词/ 副词原级+as
Tom is as tall as Jack.
He speaks English as fluently as you.
My computer is not so/ as expensive as yours.
注意：1. almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half 等词可用来加强as…as结构的语气。
This book is just as interesting as that one.
三、形容词和副词的比较等级2. 几种变化形式：
as much + 不可数名词 + as
There is as much water in this bottle as in that one.
as many +可数名词复数 + as
Bob has read as many books as Mary.
as + 形容词 + 不定冠词 + 可数名词单数 + as
German is as difficult a language as Chinese.
as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 +as
Bread is as important food as rice.
（二）比较级 形容词/ 副词比较级+than
John works harder than Mary.
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
This book is better than that one.
注意 ：1.形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。
2. much, still, even, far, by far, a lot, a bit, a
great deal等词可置于比较级前,加强语气。
Could you drive a bit more slowly?
3.以or结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to不
接than. 如superior, inferior, senior, junior 。
He is 4 years senior to me.
4. 几种特殊结构
1）the +比较级， the +比较级 “越……，越……”
The higher you climb, the farther you will see.
The more you use English, the more you will
want to learn it.
2）比较级 +and +比较级 “越来越……”
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
My school is becoming more and more beautiful.
3）主语 + 比较级 + than any (other)…
China is larger than any country in Africa.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
4）倍数的比较
倍数 + as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
This room is three times as large as that one.
倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级+ than
This room is twice larger than that one.
倍数 + the size/ length/ weight/ height/
width /…+of…
This room is three times the size of that one.
（三）最高级 the +形容词/副词最高级 +比较范围
He is the tallest boy in our class.
This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
注意：
1. 形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
She works hardest in our class.
2. 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。
He is a most clever policeman.
This film is most interesting.
3. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly,
almost, by no means, not quite等词语修饰。
He is by far the most popular singer in our pub.
4. not, never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级
连用，表示最高含义。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a
better voice.
5. 有些表示“最高程度”的形容词， 如 excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite 等没有最高级，也不用比较级。
How much ____ she looked without her glasses!
A. well B. good C. best D. better
2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _____ his.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
3. --- Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
--- Yes, I’ve never been to ____ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited
C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
即学即练DBC代 词代词一、要点概述 代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词。二、考点聚焦 1、指示代词 1、指示代词 （this, that , these, those）
① this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；
that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this: the English party will be
held this Friday evening.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t
come.
二、考点聚焦② 为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
③ this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方。
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John?
④ this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
Is he always this busy?
He’d like to get that big a car.
2、不定代词
（1）some，any
（2）both, all , every, each
（3）either, neither
（4）no one , nobody, none
（5）(a) few, (a) little
（6）other, the other, others, the others,
another
2、不定代词3、it，that，one，the one, the ones, those 等代词用法解析 1）it和that都替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类事物”。
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
（2）one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those。
We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made one from some wood we had.
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the students except the ones/ those who had already taken them.
1. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.
A. it B. those C. one D. that
（ 2008辽宁）
2. --- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______?
--- No, I’d rather buy ____ in the bookstore.
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
（2008陕西）即学即练DA4、It的用法（1）可表示时间、距离、度量衡、自然现象等。
It’s too late to go to the cinema.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
（2）作为人称代词，可指动物或无生命的东西， 也可指代性别不明的小孩或未知的人，或在电话用语中指自己一方的人。
It’s a book.
--Is that Tom speaking?
--No, it isn’t . This is Jack speaking.
The bell is ringing; please go and see who it is.（3）指代前面的名词或前面提到的事。
He is weak at listening and he has realized it.
（4） 作为形式主语
It’s possible to finish the work in two hours.
It is a pity that he should fail the exam.
It’s no use talking with him about the matter.
It’s said that he had been to London.（5）作为形式宾语
I found it difficult to finish the work today.
I consider it no good playing computer games.
Mother hates it when someone talks with his mouth full.
It was Tom that/ who I met in the park yesterday.
It was I who/ that met Tom in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.
Where was it that he met Tom?
I wonder where it was that he met Tom.
（6）用于强调结构 It is/ was…that (who)… It’s (high/about) time that sb did sth.
It’s (was) the first/second/… time that sb has (had) done sth
It is/was/ has been + 时间段+since 从句(一般过去时、过去完成时)
It will be/ was +时间段+before 从句( 一般现在时、一般过去时)
It seems/appears/ happens /…+that 从句
（7） 用于一些固定句型 make it 成功做到
as it is 事实上/原样
as it were 似乎
take it easy 别紧张、放轻松
that’s it 对啦
keep at it 不放弃
（8） 用于一些固定短语 1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV.
(2007全国）
A. One B. This C. It D. That
2. He didn’t make ____ clear when and
where the meeting would be held.
(2007天津）
A. this B. that C. it D. these
3. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters
not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
即学即练CCBThank you!
Goodbye!