unit 5 nelson mandela单元教案
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| 名称 | unit 5 nelson mandela单元教案 |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 47.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-10-22 18:08:00 | ||
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本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Teaching Plan for NSEFC Module 1
Unit 5：Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
1. Teaching aims and demands:
(1) to get the students to know about Nelson Mandela and learn some good qualities from some great people
(2) to get the students to have a good grasp of the attributive clause led by where, when, why and preposition + which/whom.
(3) to get the students to express opinions of their own in English.
2. Topics
The qualities of a great person;
The lives of some great people.
3. Useful words and expressions:
hero quality willing active republic principle fight peaceful prison prisoner period law advise continue fee gold youth league stage vote position accept violence equal blanket degree guard educated terror fear cruelty reward right(n.) criminal leader president sentence(v.) sincerely
lose heart in trouble worry about out of work Youth League as a matter of fact blow up put… in prison come to power set up be sentenced to
4. Functional items:
A. Giving opinions:
Why do you think so
What do you think of …
What’s your opinion
B. Making comments:
Good idea!
That’s an excellent idea.
5. Structures
The Attributive Clause (II)
由where, when, why, 介词+ which, 介词+ when 引导的定语从句。
The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.
This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.
We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
Time allotment
Period 1 Warming-up, Pre-reading (P33) and Speaking (P37)
Period 2 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35)
Period 3 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35) and Listening (P69)
Period 4 Using Language (Listening &Reading P38 &Writing)
Period 5&6 Learning about Language
Period 7 Attributive Clause &Exercise
Period 8 Workbook (Listening P72 & Reading P73-74)
Period 1 Warming-up, Pre-reading (P33) and Speaking (P37)
Aims:
(1) to get the students to learn about some great people like Nelson Mandela.
(2) to get the students to talk about the good quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking
ability.
(3) to learn about Nelson Mandela and draw some strength from his fighting spirit.
Procedures:
Step 1.Warming up
(1) Do you know about your partner
(2) What adjectives will you use to describe your partner
Step 2. Pre-reading.
1) Next some pictures will be shown to you. Guess who the person in the picture is (The teacher can give some description, for example, he was the first president in the history of China.).
2) Show the pictures.
What did he do
What was his qualities
More information.
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As one of the most important pioneers of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Founding Father of Republican China, a view agreed upon by both Mainland China and Taiwan. Sun played an important role in inspiring the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. He was the first provisional(临时性的) president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912 and later co-founded the Chinese National People's Party or Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely respected and loved among the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
He developed a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood.
3) Sun Yat-sen is a famous person, do you think he is also a great person Why, give your reasons.
Step 3 Discussion.
1) Most great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. Read the information about these six men. Discuss if they were/are great men. What are the qualities you should find in them
Assign the topic as follows.
Team number Team 1 Team 2 Team 3
Famous people 1 &4 2 &5 3 &6
When you are discussing, try to use the following expressions for asking for opinions and giving opinions.P39.
ASKING FOR OPINIONS GIVING OPINIONS
What do you think of---？What’s your opinion What are your ideas？Do you have any thoughts on that Why do you think so I think/ I don’t think---I believe /I don’t believe---In my opinion---To my understanding---I’m with you.I feel that---/I don’t feel that---
Sample:
A: Do you know something about Nelson Mandela
B: Yes, I do. He fought for black people and was in prison for almost thirty years.
A: Do you think he is a great person
B: Yes, of course. He is not only determined but also devoted to his work. And he is selfless. Most importantly, he had made great sacrifices for the noble cause------freeing the black people in South Africa. So I think he is really great.
A: I’m with you.
2) What qualities should a famous person have if he/she wants to be a great person Try to use some adjectives.
Step 4. Introduction about ANC&ANC Youth League
ANC: The African National Congress is a national liberation movement. It was formed in 1912 to unite the African people and spearhead(引领) the struggle for fundamental political, social and economic change. For nine decades the ANC has led the struggle against racism and oppression, organising mass students resistance, mobilising the international community and taking up the armed struggle against apartheid(segregation).
ANC Youth League: The ANC Youth League was founded in 1944. The league propagated “Africanism” and its motto was “Africa’s cause must triumph.” It was radical and militant. The members of it rejected the idea of “foreign” leadership and argued that black Africans must provide their own leadership and rely upon themselves.
Step 5 Homework
Preview the reading text.
Period 2 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately.
(2) to help the Ss to form a good habit of reading.
Step 1. Skim the text and think about the following questions:
1).When did Elias first meet Nelson Mandela
2).What was Elias’ first job What did Mandela do to help him keep his job
3).What kind of unfair situation did black people in South Africa face
Step2. Read the text carefully. Finish Ex1&3 on P35.
1) T/F
Suggested answers: TFTTFF
2) Make a timeline of Elias’ life.
The life of Elias
Time Events
1940 He was born.
1946 He began school.
1948 He left school.
1952 He went to Mandela for advice.
1963 He helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.
Step3 General idea.
Read the text again.
1) Match the main idea with the paragraph.
Para 1 ① The day when Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
Para 2 ② We answered violence with violence.
Para 3 ③ Black people have almost no rights at all.
Para 4 ④ I first met Nelson Mandela.
Para 5 ⑤ I needed his help because I had very little education.
(1-④ 2-⑤ 3-① 4-③ 5-②)
2) According to the matching exercise, how many parts the text can be divided into, and give the general idea of each part.
Suggested answers:
Part I paragraph 1-2
The life of Elias’ before he met Nelson Mandela.
Part II paragraph 3-5
The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did
3) The essential items of the story.
Time In the middle of 1900s
Place South Africa
Character Elias and Mandela
Events Mandela helped Elias and black people in South Africa.
Step4. Play the recording
Ask the students to imitate it in a low voice. Pay attention to the pauses.
Step 5 Homework
1) Ex1.2.3 on P36.
2) Recite the quoted sentences in the text k on P34.
Period3. Reading and Comprehending (P34&35) and Listening (P69)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately.
(2) to help the Ss to form a good habit of reading.
(3) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
Step 1 Revision
Review Ex.2 on P35.
1. Why did Elias visit Nelson Mandela？
2. What did Mandela do to help black people
3. What was Elias’ attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced How do you know
4. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and whit e people equal
Suggested answers
1. Elias visited Nelson Mandela because he needed legal help. He was not legally allowed to work without a passbook. He did not have one because he was not born in Johannesburg. Nelson Mandela was able to help him get the passbook.
2. Mandela helped black people by offering guidance to them on legal problems. This prevented them from being badly treated by the government.
3. Elias felt upset /angry about the unfair situation black people faced. He tells us in the story that black people could not choose where to live, his job or his homeland outside the city.
4. Nelson Mandela turned to violence because he felt there was not other way of changing this unfair situation.
Step 2. Following details about reading on P35
1. Discussion:
What can we learn from the text about Nelson Mandela
bravery, persistence (坚韧不拔）, kindness, determination， belief… …
2. Find out three sentences from the passage that show the great qualities of Mandela
1) He had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.
(Helpful)
2) He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.
(Kind & Intelligent)
3) We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. (Brave, Determined)
4) We chose to attack the law. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed… only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (Brave, Determined)
3. Blank filling
Nelson Mandela, b___ on July 18, 1918, is the first black president of South Africa. He studied l___ after he entered university. In 1944 he f___ the ANC Youth League. Then in 1952 he set up a law o___ to help poor black people. Because of his fighting a___ the government and anti-black laws, he was s___ to five years hard labour. Fighters from ANC began to b___ up buildings in1963 and he was put into prison again for life imprisonment(监禁) on Robben Island. Twenty-seven years later, he was f___ at last by the whit government. In1993 he was m___ the first black president of South Africa. A lot of people in the world think Nelson Mandela is r___ a great person. What do you think of him
Suggested answers: born, law, founded/formed, office, against, sentenced,
blow, freed, made, really,
Step 3 Listening.
Ss turn to page 69 and listen to the tape. Before they listen, ask them to read the questions first.
Suggested answers
FFTF London, fifteenth, 1494, 1536, 42, English, Britain, English Bible, words, expressions
3.1)The king was not happy because he did not want the people to read the Bible in English.(he wanted to have power over what people thought about Christianity. He knew that when people read the Bible for themselves they could decide for themselves. He was right because once people did read the translated Bible, they started arguing with the traditional way of understanding it.)
2) He was put in prison and later killed.
3) They love his work very much. His Bible is still the most popular and his words are still used today.
Period 4. Using Language (Listening &Reading P38 &Writing)
Aims:
(1)To help students listen to the passage about Elias’ story.
(2) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
(3)To help students to use the language by listening, speaking and writing.
Procedures
Step1 Check the recitation.
Step2 Listening. (P38)
(1)Lead-in.
So far we have read a story about Elias. Do you remember why it was difficult for him to get a job (Because he hadn’t a passbook)
What is a passbook ( an ID card needed by black people to work)
Why is it important (no passbook, then out of work)
(2)Let’s listen to a short passage and find out the main idea;
(the three reasons why Elias joined the ANC Youth League)
(3)Second listening, discuss the questions in Ex. 3.
Suggested answers
Differences White people Black people
The jobs they did no need for a passbook to work needed a passbook to work
needed a passbook to work with their families with their workmates
How much land thy owned most of South Africa poorest parts of South Africa
Their hospitals and schools the best the worst
Step3 Reading on P38.
1) Ask the Ss to listen to the passage and follow to read it then get the main idea of this passage.
2) Ask the Ss to read the passage again.
(1)Elias felt good about himself because____
A. The prison guards studied with him
B. Mandela taught them himself
C. Many of his friends passed the exams
D. He believed he could get a degree if he had the chance
(2)Life for Elias was not too bad because____
A. The prison guards did not beat him
B. The guards were not clever enough
C. He could study
D. He passed the exams after hard work
(3)Nelson Mandela let the guards study____
A. Because he believed the government would change their mind
B. It shows Mandela has a broad mind as a great leader
C. Some of the prisoners were not pleased with what Mandela had done
D. Mandela had to do so if he wanted to begin his school
(4)After Elias was released/freed from prison, ____
A. He only worked for a short time
B. He could not get any job
C. He was glad to work in an post office
D. He went to Mandela for advice
(5)Which of the following is NOT true
A. It was very hard for Elias to take tourists around the old prison on Robben Island at first
B. The reason why Elias is proud is that he has fought all his life for equal rights for Blacks.
C. The police stopped the boss from giving Elias a job, and Elias was out of wouk
D. Elias’ family felt bad about his job as a guide, but Mandela encouraged him to go on.
Suggested answers: DCBAD
3) Ask the Ss to read the passage for the 3rd time and then fill in the form of Ex1 on P39.
4) Some language points.
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group—
We read books under our blankets and used any thing we could find to make candles to see the
words.
Step4 Writing
In this unit, we have learned something about a great man------Nelson Mandela, a man from South Africa. In China, Lu Xun was a well-known Chinese writer and some people thought he was also a great person. What is your opinion Look for some information and write a short description about him. You can turn to 《创新方案》P64 for reference.
Period 5-6. Language learning
Aims:
(1)To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions
(2)To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures
Procedures
Step 1. Revision
Check the exercises.
Step 2. Language points
Words and expressions
1. Elias was willing to blow up government buildings.(Ex1 on P35)
willing adj
be willing to do sth= be ready to do sth 乐意干---
1) Are you willing to help
2) Are you willing to do public service work without pay
will n. determination to do something that you have decided to do, even if this is difficult:
Children sometimes have strong wills.
2. (Line14) ---I worried about whether I would become out of work.
Out of work/job 失业 at work
Out of order 凌乱的 Out of control 失去控制 Out of date 过时的
Out of temper 发脾气 Out of breath 上气不接下气
Out of question 没问题 Out of the question 不可能
The room is (out of order). Please keep it in order.
The plane went (out of control) and cracked up.
The information in the tourist guide is already (out-of-date).
She was again (out of temper) with me yesterday.
I'm (out of breath) after running up the stairs.
Unless the problem is solved, victory is (out of the question).
这个问题不解决，战争的胜利是无从说起的。
It is (out of question )that China's economy will keep growing for 40 years.
他说，中国经济增长40年应该不成问题。
3.(Line21) Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
vote:1)v. to show by marking a paper, raising your hand etc which person you want to elect or whether you support a particular plan:
vote for/against/in favour of
Example: In 1918 British women got the right to vote.
I voted for the Labour candidate in the last election.
53% of Americans ______(投票支持) Barack Obama.(vote) voted in favour of /for
2)n. an act of voting in an election or meeting, or the choice that you make when you vote:
A vote for us is not a wasted vote.
The proposal was rejected by 19 votes to 7.
4.(Line29) In 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
The plane blew up in mid-air.
blow something up
1) to destroy something, or to be destroyed, by an explosion:
Rebels attempted to ____the bridge.(blow) blow up
2) to fill something with air or gas:
We'll blow the tyres up.
Can you _____ (为------充气)this balloon blow up
5.(Line30)It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.
Put sb in prison把某人关进监狱
Take sb to prison把某人送进监狱
Throw sb into prison把某人投如监狱
Send sb to prison把某人关进监狱
Be in prison坐牢
go to prison去坐
Come out of prison出监狱
Break (out of ) prison越狱 《越狱》 Prison Break
1)The man was put in prison for stealing things from the supermarket.
2)Two criminals got out of prison last night.
3)He ____(被关进监狱)by the government because of different political views.(was put in/into prison)
6.(Line32)---because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making back and whit people equal.
1)adj. the same in size, number, amount, value etc as something else
be equal to sth/ to doing sth 等于,能胜任
be equal with 与…平等
All men are created equal .
I am not _____(胜任 )the position. equal to
In the sight of God, the rich are_____(与---平等) the poor. equal with
You are equal in ability.
You are of equal ability. 你们能力相当
2)v. to be exactly the same in size, number, or amount as something else. 等于,和,,,相等
Two plus two equals/is four.
Prices become more stable when supply_____ (等于) demand.(equal) equals
7.(P35.Ex1)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
Get into trouble招致不幸， 陷入困境
Ask \look for trouble自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
Have trouble with sb有．．．麻烦，与．．闹纠纷
Have trouble in doing sth干．．．．有麻烦
Make trouble闹事，捣乱
1) The boss is not in a good mood now; you'd better not _____.
2）They might _____.
3）Whenever we_____ our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
4）The sailors were warned not to_____ while they were on shore.
5) He is always ready to help anyone who is_____.
ask for trouble/ make trouble/have trouble with/ get into trouble/ in trouble
8.(P37.Ex3) The scientist---never lost heart when he was in trouble.
(Ask the students to brainstorm some expressions concerning heart, then the teacher summarize.)
lose heart丧失信心
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上
heart and soul 全心全意
break one’s heart 使心碎
put one’s heart into 把全部心思放在
learn/know …by heart.熟记
1) Keep on trying. Never_____. I’m sure you’ll make it.
2) Try to _____these English words and phrases.
3) She _____a handsome soldier.
4 ) He _____ his work and never had a rest.
5）We should serve the people_____.
Answers: lose heart; learn by heart; heart and soul; lost her heart to; put his heart into
9. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
come to/into power=take power 执政，掌权
take office 就职
be in power当权（与一段时间连用）
1) Ban would _____next January to replace Kofi Annan, a Ghanaian who steps down after having completed two five-year terms.
2) How long should a President be allowed to remain_____
3) A new political party has_____..
take office/ in power/ come into power
10.(the last but one line on P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after wording all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
reward
1) n. something or some money that you receive because you have done something good or helpful
She worked hard without any hope of reward.
He gave a reward of ＄500 for his lost child.
In reward/ for 作为回报
reward 奖赏，重点在于对好行为或功绩的报答
award 奖金，侧重于按法律与规定给予的荣誉
prize 比赛中获得的奖励
We will offer a(n)______ of then thousand dollars for information about the case.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. praise
2) v. to give something to someone because they have done something good or helpful.
reward sb with sth. 用……奖励某人; reward sb. for sth. 因……奖励某人
He was rewarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
At last, our patience and hard work______（得以回报） the highest prize. (reward)
were rewarded with
11.(P39)set up law office to help poor back people---0
set up: to start a company, organization, committee etc [= establish]
1) A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
2) The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world.
3) Edison set up a small lab by himself when he was young.
4) For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll______ my own business someday.
A turn up B fix up C set up D make up
The similar phrases:
set up 开办建立，常与表示组织、机构、团体等意义的词连用。
build up建造大的物体，工程
found 建立，成立，与set up基本相同，found更侧重于打基础
put up 搭起帐篷，盖起一堵墙，篱笆，建筑等。（to build something such as a wall, fence, building etc）
They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.
12. (P39)sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.
sentence
1)n. a) a group of words that usually contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete idea；
b)SCL a punishment that a judge gives to someone who is guilty of a crimeCOLLOCATIONS
Examples: She received an eight-year prison sentence.
Since this is the first time you have broken the law, I’m going to give you a light______.
A. judge B. prison C. sentence D. blame
2)v. a) The court sentenced a thief to six months’ hard labor.
be sentenced to 被判处……
He was sentenced to death for murder.
Sentence structures:
I. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(Line27.P34)
1) only 引导状语位于句首，主句要倒装，（助动词提前）:
Only+介词短语/从句+助动词+主语+谓语+其他……
(1) Only in this way can we operate the computer.
(2) Only when you jump into the water can you learn how to swim.
2)含有否定意义的副词，如：not, never, neither, nor, seldom, hardly, little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly can I believe that.
Never has he been to the Great Wall.
Seldom does she write to me.
3)not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；
Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。
eg: Not only he but also I did not agree with what Tony said.
4) not… until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：
Not until he was ten did he go to school.
Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.
5)hardly…when…; no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句
中要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.
No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
6)so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：
You can swim, so can I.
If you go, so will I.
ⅱ The last 30 years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(Line19.P34)
1 ）the main structure of the sentence
2）stopping our rights and progress.现在分词短语作定语修饰laws
3）See 的主语常常是人 “看见”，但此处却是“时间，地点，物体”做主语表“目睹”“见证”
Eg: The last thirty years has seen/witnessed the great changes happened in China.
Homework
1) Ex2 on P70
2) Read the story of Bill Gates and then finish Ex1 on P74.
Period 7 the Attributive Clause
Aims:
(1)To help students learn about attributive clause introduced by when, where, why, and prep.+ which/ whom.
(2)To help students summarize what they have learned about attributive clause.
Procedures
Step1 get the Ss to find out the attributive clauses in Reading on P34.
Line 2: The time when …
Line 5: to whom …
Line 7: …for which …
Line 9: The school where…
Line 15: The day when Nelson…
Line 20: …a stage where …
Line 22: The parts of town in which…
Line 23: …the towns where…
Line 25: …a position in which…
Line 26: …in a way which…
1. Think over this question: On what circumstance do we use when/ where/ why to introduce an attributive clause (“Where” is used when the antecedent refers to a place, and “when” is used for time. “Why “ is used when the antecedent is “why”.)
2. where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。
注意：where在从句中作地点状语。
Line 9: The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.
Line 20: We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
Line 23: The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa.
2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。注意：when在从句中作时间状语。
Line 2: The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
Line 15: The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life.
3. why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句构成”the reason why +clause” 。
注意：why在从句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he left here.
This is the reason why (= for which) he cried.
用where, which/that, when, whose填空
1）Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play _________ , of course, made the others unhappy. (which)
2) I shall never forget the days _______ I lived in the country with my parents. (when)
3) The factory ________ his brother works lies in the south of the city. (where)
4) The evening __________I heard someone crying was terrible. (when)
5) My father was born in the year ______the Second World War broke out.(when)
6) The most important day ___I'll remember is Sep1st.(when)
7) The first park____ we visited yesterday was built in 1947.(that)
8) The first park _____ I often go for a walk is 3 Kilometers away from my home.(where)
9)October1,1949 is the day_____(中华人民共和国成立)（found） when China/ the People’s
Republic of China was founded.
10)I don’t know the reason ____(他拒绝了) the well-paid job. (refuse) why he refused.
Step 2.Comparing and discovering
1) Compare the following sentences and find out why we use different words to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same.
1). The government building where we voted was very great.→
The government building in which we voted was very great.
c. The date when I arrived was the 5th August. →
The date on which I arrived was the 5th August.
e. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. →
The reason for which I got a job was because of my hard work.
(Both “where” and “on which” are used to refer to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause.)
2)介词的使用原则。
1．根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。
This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.
This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.
2. 根据先行词的习惯搭配。
Do you still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
Do you still remember the year in which you first visited Beijing.
3.表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，用of.
The old woman has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
4.从句中动词与介词组成固定搭配时，介词不能与动词分开。（look for, look after）
The cat which I am looking for is sitting on the grey fence.
5. 在”prep+ relative pron” 引导的定语从句中，which表物，whom表人。
1) The person____ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.(to whom)
2) The pencil____ he was writing broke.(with which)
3) Wu Dong, ____I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.(with whom)
4) Her bag, ____ she put all her books, has not been found.(in which)
5) The stories about the Long March,____ this is one example, are well written.(of which)
Step3 Summary
(The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives.) Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart:
Antecedent Relative Sentence element
people Who/ that S /O
whom O
whose attributive
things which / that S/ O
time Which/ that S /O
when / prep.+ which adverbial
place which / that S/ object
where / prep.+which adverbial
reason why /prep.+which adverbial
Step4 Practice.
1.Pisa is a city ____there is a leaning tower.
Pisa is a city, _____has a leaning tower.
A. that B.\ C. where D. which
2. Is this the factory ____you visited last year
Is this factory _____you visited last year
Is this the factory _____you worked last year
A. that B. where C. the one D. in that
3. ( 1)His father works in a factory __ makes color TV sets.
(2)His father works in a factory, __the color TV sets sell well.
A. where B. of which C that D. of whose
4.I’ll never forget the days＿we spent together.
I’ll never forget the days＿we made friends with the boys.
A. when B. × C. where D. whom
5.I have two brothers, ___are teachers.
I have two brothers, and _____are teachers.
A. both of them B. all of them C. both of whom D. all of them
历届高考英语单项选择题精选 (定语从句)
1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. (89)
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. (91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. (92)
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. (92)
A. what B. which C. that D. it
5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. (96)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．Carol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much. (99)
A. it B. that C .when D. which
7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. (2000)
A.who B.which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11.Oh the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
Answers: DBDBB DBBAB ABBCA BAD
Homework
1) Ex1&2on P71
2) oral task Ex3 on P71
Period 8. Workbook (Listening P72 & Reading P73-74)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to understand the listening materials
(2) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
(3) to help the students to grasp the main idea of a passage.
Step 1. Listening
Ask the Ss to turn to page 72 and try to answer the three questions of Part 1.
Ss listen again and complete the tables of part 2.
After listening: if time permits, ask two Ss to answer the question:
Who do you think caused the accident
Suggested answers
1. B
2.1) A point of view means one way of looking at things.
2) Because one person may not have seen everything that happened.
3) Because they each may have a different idea of the accident. Because they were in different places when the accident happened, they say things differently.
3.
INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT A
Where did it happen On the road.
How many people in the accident 2
BEFORE THE ACCIDENT
Where was the boy Walking along the road.
Where was the car Coming up behind the boy.
What happened The car was going too fast and did not look. It hit the boy and hurt him.
Who caused it The car driver
INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT B
Where did it happen On the road.
How many people in the accident 2
BEFORE THE ACCIDENT
Where was the boy Walking along the road.
Where was the car Coming up behind the boy.
What happened The boy moved farther into the road. The car tried to stop but it couldn’t and hit the boy. The boy was hurt.
Who caused it The boy
Possible opinion;
I think the boy caused the accident because he should not have been walking in the road. He should have been o the pavement.
Step2 Reading
1)Pre-reading
Show some pictures and ask Ss to say something about Bill Gates.
T: Do you know who he is
S: Bill Gates.
T: Who can say something about him
S: Bill set up his own company “Microsoft”.
He makes most people in the world use the computer.
He makes us learn about the world at home.
T: Do you think Bill Gates a great man
Ss discuss and answer.
2）Reading and Comprehending
Ss read the passage on page 73 and fill in the information sheet.
Information about Bill Gates
Job Chief Executive Officer of “Microsoft” company
Achievements Produced software that is used all over the world
What did he give up for his beliefs None
Generosity Gave money to causes for children’s education and health
Why does he have enemies Other people are jealous of his success
Why attacked by the government They thought he was too big and too powerful and that is unfair to his competitors
Step 3. Discussion
Ss in groups discuss what kind of person Bill Gates is.
Suggested answers:
I think Bill Gates is a great man because he set up the biggest Internet cooperation “Microsoft” in the world. He made a lot of money with his software and gave his millions of dollars to help the education and health of many children around the world. His cooperation also provides a lot of job chances.
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Teaching Plan for NSEFC Module 1
Unit 5：Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
1. Teaching aims and demands:
(1) to get the students to know about Nelson Mandela and learn some good qualities from some great people
(2) to get the students to have a good grasp of the attributive clause led by where, when, why and preposition + which/whom.
(3) to get the students to express opinions of their own in English.
2. Topics
The qualities of a great person;
The lives of some great people.
3. Useful words and expressions:
hero quality willing active republic principle fight peaceful prison prisoner period law advise continue fee gold youth league stage vote position accept violence equal blanket degree guard educated terror fear cruelty reward right(n.) criminal leader president sentence(v.) sincerely
lose heart in trouble worry about out of work Youth League as a matter of fact blow up put… in prison come to power set up be sentenced to
4. Functional items:
A. Giving opinions:
Why do you think so
What do you think of …
What’s your opinion
B. Making comments:
Good idea!
That’s an excellent idea.
5. Structures
The Attributive Clause (II)
由where, when, why, 介词+ which, 介词+ when 引导的定语从句。
The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.
This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.
We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
Time allotment
Period 1 Warming-up, Pre-reading (P33) and Speaking (P37)
Period 2 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35)
Period 3 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35) and Listening (P69)
Period 4 Using Language (Listening &Reading P38 &Writing)
Period 5&6 Learning about Language
Period 7 Attributive Clause &Exercise
Period 8 Workbook (Listening P72 & Reading P73-74)
Period 1 Warming-up, Pre-reading (P33) and Speaking (P37)
Aims:
(1) to get the students to learn about some great people like Nelson Mandela.
(2) to get the students to talk about the good quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking
ability.
(3) to learn about Nelson Mandela and draw some strength from his fighting spirit.
Procedures:
Step 1.Warming up
(1) Do you know about your partner
(2) What adjectives will you use to describe your partner
Step 2. Pre-reading.
1) Next some pictures will be shown to you. Guess who the person in the picture is (The teacher can give some description, for example, he was the first president in the history of China.).
2) Show the pictures.
What did he do
What was his qualities
More information.
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As one of the most important pioneers of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Founding Father of Republican China, a view agreed upon by both Mainland China and Taiwan. Sun played an important role in inspiring the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. He was the first provisional(临时性的) president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912 and later co-founded the Chinese National People's Party or Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely respected and loved among the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
He developed a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood.
3) Sun Yat-sen is a famous person, do you think he is also a great person Why, give your reasons.
Step 3 Discussion.
1) Most great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. Read the information about these six men. Discuss if they were/are great men. What are the qualities you should find in them
Assign the topic as follows.
Team number Team 1 Team 2 Team 3
Famous people 1 &4 2 &5 3 &6
When you are discussing, try to use the following expressions for asking for opinions and giving opinions.P39.
ASKING FOR OPINIONS GIVING OPINIONS
What do you think of---？What’s your opinion What are your ideas？Do you have any thoughts on that Why do you think so I think/ I don’t think---I believe /I don’t believe---In my opinion---To my understanding---I’m with you.I feel that---/I don’t feel that---
Sample:
A: Do you know something about Nelson Mandela
B: Yes, I do. He fought for black people and was in prison for almost thirty years.
A: Do you think he is a great person
B: Yes, of course. He is not only determined but also devoted to his work. And he is selfless. Most importantly, he had made great sacrifices for the noble cause------freeing the black people in South Africa. So I think he is really great.
A: I’m with you.
2) What qualities should a famous person have if he/she wants to be a great person Try to use some adjectives.
Step 4. Introduction about ANC&ANC Youth League
ANC: The African National Congress is a national liberation movement. It was formed in 1912 to unite the African people and spearhead(引领) the struggle for fundamental political, social and economic change. For nine decades the ANC has led the struggle against racism and oppression, organising mass students resistance, mobilising the international community and taking up the armed struggle against apartheid(segregation).
ANC Youth League: The ANC Youth League was founded in 1944. The league propagated “Africanism” and its motto was “Africa’s cause must triumph.” It was radical and militant. The members of it rejected the idea of “foreign” leadership and argued that black Africans must provide their own leadership and rely upon themselves.
Step 5 Homework
Preview the reading text.
Period 2 Reading and Comprehending (P34&35)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately.
(2) to help the Ss to form a good habit of reading.
Step 1. Skim the text and think about the following questions:
1).When did Elias first meet Nelson Mandela
2).What was Elias’ first job What did Mandela do to help him keep his job
3).What kind of unfair situation did black people in South Africa face
Step2. Read the text carefully. Finish Ex1&3 on P35.
1) T/F
Suggested answers: TFTTFF
2) Make a timeline of Elias’ life.
The life of Elias
Time Events
1940 He was born.
1946 He began school.
1948 He left school.
1952 He went to Mandela for advice.
1963 He helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.
Step3 General idea.
Read the text again.
1) Match the main idea with the paragraph.
Para 1 ① The day when Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
Para 2 ② We answered violence with violence.
Para 3 ③ Black people have almost no rights at all.
Para 4 ④ I first met Nelson Mandela.
Para 5 ⑤ I needed his help because I had very little education.
(1-④ 2-⑤ 3-① 4-③ 5-②)
2) According to the matching exercise, how many parts the text can be divided into, and give the general idea of each part.
Suggested answers:
Part I paragraph 1-2
The life of Elias’ before he met Nelson Mandela.
Part II paragraph 3-5
The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did
3) The essential items of the story.
Time In the middle of 1900s
Place South Africa
Character Elias and Mandela
Events Mandela helped Elias and black people in South Africa.
Step4. Play the recording
Ask the students to imitate it in a low voice. Pay attention to the pauses.
Step 5 Homework
1) Ex1.2.3 on P36.
2) Recite the quoted sentences in the text k on P34.
Period3. Reading and Comprehending (P34&35) and Listening (P69)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately.
(2) to help the Ss to form a good habit of reading.
(3) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
Step 1 Revision
Review Ex.2 on P35.
1. Why did Elias visit Nelson Mandela？
2. What did Mandela do to help black people
3. What was Elias’ attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced How do you know
4. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and whit e people equal
Suggested answers
1. Elias visited Nelson Mandela because he needed legal help. He was not legally allowed to work without a passbook. He did not have one because he was not born in Johannesburg. Nelson Mandela was able to help him get the passbook.
2. Mandela helped black people by offering guidance to them on legal problems. This prevented them from being badly treated by the government.
3. Elias felt upset /angry about the unfair situation black people faced. He tells us in the story that black people could not choose where to live, his job or his homeland outside the city.
4. Nelson Mandela turned to violence because he felt there was not other way of changing this unfair situation.
Step 2. Following details about reading on P35
1. Discussion:
What can we learn from the text about Nelson Mandela
bravery, persistence (坚韧不拔）, kindness, determination， belief… …
2. Find out three sentences from the passage that show the great qualities of Mandela
1) He had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.
(Helpful)
2) He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.
(Kind & Intelligent)
3) We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. (Brave, Determined)
4) We chose to attack the law. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed… only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (Brave, Determined)
3. Blank filling
Nelson Mandela, b___ on July 18, 1918, is the first black president of South Africa. He studied l___ after he entered university. In 1944 he f___ the ANC Youth League. Then in 1952 he set up a law o___ to help poor black people. Because of his fighting a___ the government and anti-black laws, he was s___ to five years hard labour. Fighters from ANC began to b___ up buildings in1963 and he was put into prison again for life imprisonment(监禁) on Robben Island. Twenty-seven years later, he was f___ at last by the whit government. In1993 he was m___ the first black president of South Africa. A lot of people in the world think Nelson Mandela is r___ a great person. What do you think of him
Suggested answers: born, law, founded/formed, office, against, sentenced,
blow, freed, made, really,
Step 3 Listening.
Ss turn to page 69 and listen to the tape. Before they listen, ask them to read the questions first.
Suggested answers
FFTF London, fifteenth, 1494, 1536, 42, English, Britain, English Bible, words, expressions
3.1)The king was not happy because he did not want the people to read the Bible in English.(he wanted to have power over what people thought about Christianity. He knew that when people read the Bible for themselves they could decide for themselves. He was right because once people did read the translated Bible, they started arguing with the traditional way of understanding it.)
2) He was put in prison and later killed.
3) They love his work very much. His Bible is still the most popular and his words are still used today.
Period 4. Using Language (Listening &Reading P38 &Writing)
Aims:
(1)To help students listen to the passage about Elias’ story.
(2) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
(3)To help students to use the language by listening, speaking and writing.
Procedures
Step1 Check the recitation.
Step2 Listening. (P38)
(1)Lead-in.
So far we have read a story about Elias. Do you remember why it was difficult for him to get a job (Because he hadn’t a passbook)
What is a passbook ( an ID card needed by black people to work)
Why is it important (no passbook, then out of work)
(2)Let’s listen to a short passage and find out the main idea;
(the three reasons why Elias joined the ANC Youth League)
(3)Second listening, discuss the questions in Ex. 3.
Suggested answers
Differences White people Black people
The jobs they did no need for a passbook to work needed a passbook to work
needed a passbook to work with their families with their workmates
How much land thy owned most of South Africa poorest parts of South Africa
Their hospitals and schools the best the worst
Step3 Reading on P38.
1) Ask the Ss to listen to the passage and follow to read it then get the main idea of this passage.
2) Ask the Ss to read the passage again.
(1)Elias felt good about himself because____
A. The prison guards studied with him
B. Mandela taught them himself
C. Many of his friends passed the exams
D. He believed he could get a degree if he had the chance
(2)Life for Elias was not too bad because____
A. The prison guards did not beat him
B. The guards were not clever enough
C. He could study
D. He passed the exams after hard work
(3)Nelson Mandela let the guards study____
A. Because he believed the government would change their mind
B. It shows Mandela has a broad mind as a great leader
C. Some of the prisoners were not pleased with what Mandela had done
D. Mandela had to do so if he wanted to begin his school
(4)After Elias was released/freed from prison, ____
A. He only worked for a short time
B. He could not get any job
C. He was glad to work in an post office
D. He went to Mandela for advice
(5)Which of the following is NOT true
A. It was very hard for Elias to take tourists around the old prison on Robben Island at first
B. The reason why Elias is proud is that he has fought all his life for equal rights for Blacks.
C. The police stopped the boss from giving Elias a job, and Elias was out of wouk
D. Elias’ family felt bad about his job as a guide, but Mandela encouraged him to go on.
Suggested answers: DCBAD
3) Ask the Ss to read the passage for the 3rd time and then fill in the form of Ex1 on P39.
4) Some language points.
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group—
We read books under our blankets and used any thing we could find to make candles to see the
words.
Step4 Writing
In this unit, we have learned something about a great man------Nelson Mandela, a man from South Africa. In China, Lu Xun was a well-known Chinese writer and some people thought he was also a great person. What is your opinion Look for some information and write a short description about him. You can turn to 《创新方案》P64 for reference.
Period 5-6. Language learning
Aims:
(1)To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions
(2)To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures
Procedures
Step 1. Revision
Check the exercises.
Step 2. Language points
Words and expressions
1. Elias was willing to blow up government buildings.(Ex1 on P35)
willing adj
be willing to do sth= be ready to do sth 乐意干---
1) Are you willing to help
2) Are you willing to do public service work without pay
will n. determination to do something that you have decided to do, even if this is difficult:
Children sometimes have strong wills.
2. (Line14) ---I worried about whether I would become out of work.
Out of work/job 失业 at work
Out of order 凌乱的 Out of control 失去控制 Out of date 过时的
Out of temper 发脾气 Out of breath 上气不接下气
Out of question 没问题 Out of the question 不可能
The room is (out of order). Please keep it in order.
The plane went (out of control) and cracked up.
The information in the tourist guide is already (out-of-date).
She was again (out of temper) with me yesterday.
I'm (out of breath) after running up the stairs.
Unless the problem is solved, victory is (out of the question).
这个问题不解决，战争的胜利是无从说起的。
It is (out of question )that China's economy will keep growing for 40 years.
他说，中国经济增长40年应该不成问题。
3.(Line21) Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
vote:1)v. to show by marking a paper, raising your hand etc which person you want to elect or whether you support a particular plan:
vote for/against/in favour of
Example: In 1918 British women got the right to vote.
I voted for the Labour candidate in the last election.
53% of Americans ______(投票支持) Barack Obama.(vote) voted in favour of /for
2)n. an act of voting in an election or meeting, or the choice that you make when you vote:
A vote for us is not a wasted vote.
The proposal was rejected by 19 votes to 7.
4.(Line29) In 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
The plane blew up in mid-air.
blow something up
1) to destroy something, or to be destroyed, by an explosion:
Rebels attempted to ____the bridge.(blow) blow up
2) to fill something with air or gas:
We'll blow the tyres up.
Can you _____ (为------充气)this balloon blow up
5.(Line30)It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.
Put sb in prison把某人关进监狱
Take sb to prison把某人送进监狱
Throw sb into prison把某人投如监狱
Send sb to prison把某人关进监狱
Be in prison坐牢
go to prison去坐
Come out of prison出监狱
Break (out of ) prison越狱 《越狱》 Prison Break
1)The man was put in prison for stealing things from the supermarket.
2)Two criminals got out of prison last night.
3)He ____(被关进监狱)by the government because of different political views.(was put in/into prison)
6.(Line32)---because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making back and whit people equal.
1)adj. the same in size, number, amount, value etc as something else
be equal to sth/ to doing sth 等于,能胜任
be equal with 与…平等
All men are created equal .
I am not _____(胜任 )the position. equal to
In the sight of God, the rich are_____(与---平等) the poor. equal with
You are equal in ability.
You are of equal ability. 你们能力相当
2)v. to be exactly the same in size, number, or amount as something else. 等于,和,,,相等
Two plus two equals/is four.
Prices become more stable when supply_____ (等于) demand.(equal) equals
7.(P35.Ex1)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
Get into trouble招致不幸， 陷入困境
Ask \look for trouble自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
Have trouble with sb有．．．麻烦，与．．闹纠纷
Have trouble in doing sth干．．．．有麻烦
Make trouble闹事，捣乱
1) The boss is not in a good mood now; you'd better not _____.
2）They might _____.
3）Whenever we_____ our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
4）The sailors were warned not to_____ while they were on shore.
5) He is always ready to help anyone who is_____.
ask for trouble/ make trouble/have trouble with/ get into trouble/ in trouble
8.(P37.Ex3) The scientist---never lost heart when he was in trouble.
(Ask the students to brainstorm some expressions concerning heart, then the teacher summarize.)
lose heart丧失信心
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上
heart and soul 全心全意
break one’s heart 使心碎
put one’s heart into 把全部心思放在
learn/know …by heart.熟记
1) Keep on trying. Never_____. I’m sure you’ll make it.
2) Try to _____these English words and phrases.
3) She _____a handsome soldier.
4 ) He _____ his work and never had a rest.
5）We should serve the people_____.
Answers: lose heart; learn by heart; heart and soul; lost her heart to; put his heart into
9. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
come to/into power=take power 执政，掌权
take office 就职
be in power当权（与一段时间连用）
1) Ban would _____next January to replace Kofi Annan, a Ghanaian who steps down after having completed two five-year terms.
2) How long should a President be allowed to remain_____
3) A new political party has_____..
take office/ in power/ come into power
10.(the last but one line on P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after wording all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
reward
1) n. something or some money that you receive because you have done something good or helpful
She worked hard without any hope of reward.
He gave a reward of ＄500 for his lost child.
In reward/ for 作为回报
reward 奖赏，重点在于对好行为或功绩的报答
award 奖金，侧重于按法律与规定给予的荣誉
prize 比赛中获得的奖励
We will offer a(n)______ of then thousand dollars for information about the case.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. praise
2) v. to give something to someone because they have done something good or helpful.
reward sb with sth. 用……奖励某人; reward sb. for sth. 因……奖励某人
He was rewarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
At last, our patience and hard work______（得以回报） the highest prize. (reward)
were rewarded with
11.(P39)set up law office to help poor back people---0
set up: to start a company, organization, committee etc [= establish]
1) A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
2) The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world.
3) Edison set up a small lab by himself when he was young.
4) For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll______ my own business someday.
A turn up B fix up C set up D make up
The similar phrases:
set up 开办建立，常与表示组织、机构、团体等意义的词连用。
build up建造大的物体，工程
found 建立，成立，与set up基本相同，found更侧重于打基础
put up 搭起帐篷，盖起一堵墙，篱笆，建筑等。（to build something such as a wall, fence, building etc）
They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.
12. (P39)sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.
sentence
1)n. a) a group of words that usually contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete idea；
b)SCL a punishment that a judge gives to someone who is guilty of a crimeCOLLOCATIONS
Examples: She received an eight-year prison sentence.
Since this is the first time you have broken the law, I’m going to give you a light______.
A. judge B. prison C. sentence D. blame
2)v. a) The court sentenced a thief to six months’ hard labor.
be sentenced to 被判处……
He was sentenced to death for murder.
Sentence structures:
I. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(Line27.P34)
1) only 引导状语位于句首，主句要倒装，（助动词提前）:
Only+介词短语/从句+助动词+主语+谓语+其他……
(1) Only in this way can we operate the computer.
(2) Only when you jump into the water can you learn how to swim.
2)含有否定意义的副词，如：not, never, neither, nor, seldom, hardly, little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly can I believe that.
Never has he been to the Great Wall.
Seldom does she write to me.
3)not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；
Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。
eg: Not only he but also I did not agree with what Tony said.
4) not… until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：
Not until he was ten did he go to school.
Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.
5)hardly…when…; no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句
中要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.
No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
6)so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：
You can swim, so can I.
If you go, so will I.
ⅱ The last 30 years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(Line19.P34)
1 ）the main structure of the sentence
2）stopping our rights and progress.现在分词短语作定语修饰laws
3）See 的主语常常是人 “看见”，但此处却是“时间，地点，物体”做主语表“目睹”“见证”
Eg: The last thirty years has seen/witnessed the great changes happened in China.
Homework
1) Ex2 on P70
2) Read the story of Bill Gates and then finish Ex1 on P74.
Period 7 the Attributive Clause
Aims:
(1)To help students learn about attributive clause introduced by when, where, why, and prep.+ which/ whom.
(2)To help students summarize what they have learned about attributive clause.
Procedures
Step1 get the Ss to find out the attributive clauses in Reading on P34.
Line 2: The time when …
Line 5: to whom …
Line 7: …for which …
Line 9: The school where…
Line 15: The day when Nelson…
Line 20: …a stage where …
Line 22: The parts of town in which…
Line 23: …the towns where…
Line 25: …a position in which…
Line 26: …in a way which…
1. Think over this question: On what circumstance do we use when/ where/ why to introduce an attributive clause (“Where” is used when the antecedent refers to a place, and “when” is used for time. “Why “ is used when the antecedent is “why”.)
2. where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。
注意：where在从句中作地点状语。
Line 9: The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.
Line 20: We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
Line 23: The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa.
2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。注意：when在从句中作时间状语。
Line 2: The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
Line 15: The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life.
3. why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句构成”the reason why +clause” 。
注意：why在从句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he left here.
This is the reason why (= for which) he cried.
用where, which/that, when, whose填空
1）Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play _________ , of course, made the others unhappy. (which)
2) I shall never forget the days _______ I lived in the country with my parents. (when)
3) The factory ________ his brother works lies in the south of the city. (where)
4) The evening __________I heard someone crying was terrible. (when)
5) My father was born in the year ______the Second World War broke out.(when)
6) The most important day ___I'll remember is Sep1st.(when)
7) The first park____ we visited yesterday was built in 1947.(that)
8) The first park _____ I often go for a walk is 3 Kilometers away from my home.(where)
9)October1,1949 is the day_____(中华人民共和国成立)（found） when China/ the People’s
Republic of China was founded.
10)I don’t know the reason ____(他拒绝了) the well-paid job. (refuse) why he refused.
Step 2.Comparing and discovering
1) Compare the following sentences and find out why we use different words to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same.
1). The government building where we voted was very great.→
The government building in which we voted was very great.
c. The date when I arrived was the 5th August. →
The date on which I arrived was the 5th August.
e. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. →
The reason for which I got a job was because of my hard work.
(Both “where” and “on which” are used to refer to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause.)
2)介词的使用原则。
1．根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。
This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.
This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.
2. 根据先行词的习惯搭配。
Do you still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
Do you still remember the year in which you first visited Beijing.
3.表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，用of.
The old woman has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
4.从句中动词与介词组成固定搭配时，介词不能与动词分开。（look for, look after）
The cat which I am looking for is sitting on the grey fence.
5. 在”prep+ relative pron” 引导的定语从句中，which表物，whom表人。
1) The person____ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.(to whom)
2) The pencil____ he was writing broke.(with which)
3) Wu Dong, ____I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.(with whom)
4) Her bag, ____ she put all her books, has not been found.(in which)
5) The stories about the Long March,____ this is one example, are well written.(of which)
Step3 Summary
(The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives.) Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart:
Antecedent Relative Sentence element
people Who/ that S /O
whom O
whose attributive
things which / that S/ O
time Which/ that S /O
when / prep.+ which adverbial
place which / that S/ object
where / prep.+which adverbial
reason why /prep.+which adverbial
Step4 Practice.
1.Pisa is a city ____there is a leaning tower.
Pisa is a city, _____has a leaning tower.
A. that B.\ C. where D. which
2. Is this the factory ____you visited last year
Is this factory _____you visited last year
Is this the factory _____you worked last year
A. that B. where C. the one D. in that
3. ( 1)His father works in a factory __ makes color TV sets.
(2)His father works in a factory, __the color TV sets sell well.
A. where B. of which C that D. of whose
4.I’ll never forget the days＿we spent together.
I’ll never forget the days＿we made friends with the boys.
A. when B. × C. where D. whom
5.I have two brothers, ___are teachers.
I have two brothers, and _____are teachers.
A. both of them B. all of them C. both of whom D. all of them
历届高考英语单项选择题精选 (定语从句)
1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. (89)
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. (91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. (92)
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. (92)
A. what B. which C. that D. it
5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. (96)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．Carol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much. (99)
A. it B. that C .when D. which
7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. (2000)
A.who B.which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11.Oh the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
Answers: DBDBB DBBAB ABBCA BAD
Homework
1) Ex1&2on P71
2) oral task Ex3 on P71
Period 8. Workbook (Listening P72 & Reading P73-74)
Aims:
(1) to help the students to understand the listening materials
(2) to help the students to form the habit of taking notes while listening.
(3) to help the students to grasp the main idea of a passage.
Step 1. Listening
Ask the Ss to turn to page 72 and try to answer the three questions of Part 1.
Ss listen again and complete the tables of part 2.
After listening: if time permits, ask two Ss to answer the question:
Who do you think caused the accident
Suggested answers
1. B
2.1) A point of view means one way of looking at things.
2) Because one person may not have seen everything that happened.
3) Because they each may have a different idea of the accident. Because they were in different places when the accident happened, they say things differently.
3.
INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT A
Where did it happen On the road.
How many people in the accident 2
BEFORE THE ACCIDENT
Where was the boy Walking along the road.
Where was the car Coming up behind the boy.
What happened The car was going too fast and did not look. It hit the boy and hurt him.
Who caused it The car driver
INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT B
Where did it happen On the road.
How many people in the accident 2
BEFORE THE ACCIDENT
Where was the boy Walking along the road.
Where was the car Coming up behind the boy.
What happened The boy moved farther into the road. The car tried to stop but it couldn’t and hit the boy. The boy was hurt.
Who caused it The boy
Possible opinion;
I think the boy caused the accident because he should not have been walking in the road. He should have been o the pavement.
Step2 Reading
1)Pre-reading
Show some pictures and ask Ss to say something about Bill Gates.
T: Do you know who he is
S: Bill Gates.
T: Who can say something about him
S: Bill set up his own company “Microsoft”.
He makes most people in the world use the computer.
He makes us learn about the world at home.
T: Do you think Bill Gates a great man
Ss discuss and answer.
2）Reading and Comprehending
Ss read the passage on page 73 and fill in the information sheet.
Information about Bill Gates
Job Chief Executive Officer of “Microsoft” company
Achievements Produced software that is used all over the world
What did he give up for his beliefs None
Generosity Gave money to causes for children’s education and health
Why does he have enemies Other people are jealous of his success
Why attacked by the government They thought he was too big and too powerful and that is unfair to his competitors
Step 3. Discussion
Ss in groups discuss what kind of person Bill Gates is.
Suggested answers:
I think Bill Gates is a great man because he set up the biggest Internet cooperation “Microsoft” in the world. He made a lot of money with his software and gave his millions of dollars to help the education and health of many children around the world. His cooperation also provides a lot of job chances.
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