(共27张PPT)
第九讲
非谓语动词
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成
【考点2】 不定式的用法
项目
类别
说明
例句
注意事项
不定
式作
主语
当作主语的不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语放在谓语后面。
1.It
is
difficult
to
get
there
within
half
an
hour.
2.It
is
necessary
for
us
to
learn
a
second
foreign
language.
3.It
was
clever
of
you
to
tell
it
to
him.
1.带有for
sb.的不定式作主语通常用表示客观事实的形容词，如easy，difficult，important，impossible等。
2.带有of
sb.的不定式短语作主语通常用表示主观情感或态度的形容词，如；careful，clever，wise，foolish，good，impolite，kind，nice等。
不定
式作
宾语
不定式常在某些动词后面作宾语，如：like，want，decide，ask，wish等。
1.I
decided
to
do
it
myself.
2.I
think
it
possible
to
finish
my
homework
before
5
this
afternoon.
有些动词词后常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后，常见的动词有find，think，consider，feel，make等。
不定
式作
宾补
不定式常用在下列动词后作宾语补足语；love，teach，tell，get，invite，beg，force，allow，want，like等。
1.I
wanted
him
to
be
back
before
5pm.
2.Did
you
notice
anyone
enter
the
room？
在下列动词后不带to的常用不定式作宾语补足语，如：make，let，hear，watch，see，notice，feel等。
不定
式作
表语
不定式可放在系动词后面，作表语，如：be，seem，remain
等，用来说明主语的内容。
1.Her
work
is
to
clean
the
room
every
day.
2.My
plan
is
to
finish
it
tomorrow.
用business，wish，idea，plan，job等词作主语时，常用不定式作表语。
不定
式作
定语
不定式有时起形容词作用，修饰名词或代词。
1.I
have
a
letter
to
type.
2.There
are
ten
minutes
to
go.
不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。
不定
式作
状语
不定式在句子中可以担任状语，表示原因、目的、结果。
1.He
was
pleased
fto
win
the
first
prize.
2.She
came
to
help
me
with
my
English.
3.I
got
up
so
early
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
4.He
is
tall
enough
to
reach
the
book
on
the
top
shelf.
1.so...as...和such...as...后接动词不定式表示结果。
2.enough常和动词不定式连用表示结果。
【考点3】 动词不定式省略to的几种情况
在感官动词和使役动词之后，通常省略to。感官动词如：feel，hear，see，observe，notice等。使役动词如：let，make，have等。
1.I
saw
her
take
the
book
away.
2.He
let
me
wait
outside.
3.I
will
have
a
boy
lead
the
way.
make，have只有当使役动词用时，其后才省略to。
当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时(尤其是用连词and或or连接时)，第二个不定式to可以省略。
1.She
promised
to
finish
the
report
and
hand
it
in
when
I
came
back.
2.It
is
better
to
do
than
wait.
在两者相对照的场合，to不可被省略。
当介词but，except，besides前面有实义动词do时，不定式在介词后面可以省略to。
1.What
else
does
he
like
to
do
besides
read
novels？
2.The
workers
could
do
nothing
but
wait.
在两者相对照的场合，to不可被省略。
当不定式作表语时如果句中主语部分有实义动词do作表语的不定式前一般不用to。
1.What
he
really
hoped
to
do
was
stay
up
late.
2.All
he
can
do
is
wait
for
her.
在一些固定词组句型中，要省略to如：had
better,
would
rather...than等。
1.You'd
better
stay
in
bed
till
you
are
well
again.
2.He
would
rather
go
there
than
stay
here.
在Why
do
sth？或Why
not
do
sth？的句型中，why后的不定式要省略to。
1.Why
quarrel
with
him？2.Why
not
have
another
try？
【考点4】 动名词
(Ⅰ)动名词的功能
项目
类别
说明
例句
注意事项
动名
词作
主语
动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。
1.Seeing
is
believing.
2.It
is
no
good
smoking
it可以作形式主语，常用的句型有：
It
is
no
use＋doing(……没有用)
It
is
no
good＋doing(没有好处)
It
is
useless＋doing(……没用处)
动名
词作
宾语
动名词可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
1.I
am
considering
moving.
2.I
delayed
answering
his
letter.
以下及物动词后常跟动名词作宾语：finish，risk，enjoy，consider，delay，mind，avoid，put
off，miss，give
up等。
动名
词作
表语
动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。
1.Her
job
is
feeding
pigs.
2.His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.
表语和主语常常可以互换。
动名
词作
定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途或名称。
1.My
brother
works
in
a
printing
shop.
2.He
showed
us
his
flying
suit.
动名词一般只以单个形式而不以短语的形式作定语，它的位置放在所修饰词的前面。
(Ⅱ)动词 ing形式的复合结构
所谓动名词的复合结构，就是动名词前面带着自己的逻辑主语。其结构为：
Tom's
crying
annoyed
his
mother.
汤姆的哭声使他的母亲很烦恼，
Would
you
mind
my/me
opening
the
window
你介意我开窗户吗？
There's
not
any
hope
of
Tom/Tom's
winning.
汤姆没有获胜的希望了。
注意：当动词 ing形式的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，一般用普通格。
Do
you
hear
the
sound
of
the
door
being
opened
【考点5】 分词的用法
项目
类别
说明
例句
注意事项
分词作
定语
现在分词短语作定语只能用来叙述和谓语动词同时发生的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示完成了的动作。
1.He
told
us
exciting
news.
2.She
picked
up
a
fallen
leaf.
3.He
likes
cars
made
in
China.
单个分词作定语放在所修饰名词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词之后。
分词作
状语
分词短语可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式、结果等状语，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。
1.Looking
from
the
top
of
the
hill，we
can
see
a
beautiful
city
beneath
us.
2.Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill，the
city
looks
more
beautiful.
3.They
sat
together
around
the
table，talking
and
laughing.
4.When
asked
what
to
do，I
made
no
answer.
5.Be
careful
while
crossing
the
street.
分词短语可用在after，before，while，whenever，once，until，if等连词或连词短语之后。
分词作
表语
现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特性或特征；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
1.The
news
was
really
exciting.
2.The
cup
was
broken.
作表语的现在分词和过去分词，有些已转变成了形容词。
【考点6】 独立主格结构
1．独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随情况状语从句的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：
类别
说明
例句
名
词
/
代
词
＋
现在分词/过去分词
现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成
①Weather
permitting，we'll
go
out
for
a
walk.
②Homework
finished，the
boy
went
out
to
play.
不
定
式
表将来，计划安排要做的事
The
exam
to
be
held
tomorrow，I
can't
go
to
the
cinema
tonight.
形容词/副词
表明名词或代词所处的状态
Our
lessons
(being)over，we
went
to
play
football.
介词短语
表位置
The
girl
is
walking
in
the
field，packet
on
the
back.
with
＋
名
词
/
代
词
＋
现在分词
表主动、进行
They
pretended
to
be
working
all
night
with
their
lights
burning.
过去分词
表被动、完成
She
had
to
walk
home
with
her
bike
stolen.
不定式
表将来
I
can't
go
out
to
play
with
so
much
homework
to
do.
形容词
表状态
He
used
to
sleep
with
windows
open.
副词
表状态
He
went
to
sleep
with
lights
on.
价词短语
表位置
The
children
came
running
toward
us，with
flowers
in
their
hands.
2.there
be结构的非谓语形式有两种形式：there
to
be和there
being。主要作主语、宾语和状语。
功能
特征
例句
主语
作主语时，there不能省略。
There
being
a
kindergarten
on
campus
is
a
great
convenience
to
female
teachers.
宾语
在expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等词后多用there
to
be形式。
注意：作介词宾语时，常用there
being。
①I
expect
there
to
be
a
chance
for
me
to
go
abroad.
②I'm
looking
forward
to
there
being
a
chance
for
me
to
go
abroad.
状语
多用there
being结构。
①There
being
nobody
else
at
hand，I
had
to
do
it
by
myself.
②There
having
been
no
rain
for
a
long
time，the
ground
was
very
dry.
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，19)I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do_______(work)
with
students.
【解析】 句意：我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中do代替have
fun，have
fun
doing
sth.做某事很开心。
【答案】 working
2．(2016·浙江卷，10)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study________(conduct)
in
Australia
in
2012.
【解析】 句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。study与conduct之间为被动关系，且设空处表示“完成”，故用过去分词作后置定语。
【答案】 conducted
3．(2016·江苏卷，28)In
art
criticism，you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message________(hide)
within
the
work.
【解析】 句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假定艺术家在作品中有一定的隐含信息。设空处在句中作定语，message与hide之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词形式。
【答案】 hidden
4．(2016·北京卷，26)________(make)
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
【解析】 句意：要想更容易地联系到我们，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为To
make。
【答案】 To
make
5．(2016·北京卷，28)________(order)
over
a
week
ago，the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
【解析】 句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the
books之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。
【答案】 Ordered
6．(2016·北京卷，32)Newly－built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street，________(turn)
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
【解析】 句意：新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排，把旧城镇变成了梦境。设空处作结果状语，其逻辑主语应是逗号前的整句话，两者之间是主动关系，故答案为turning。
【答案】 turning
7．(2016·天津卷，4)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows，________(make)
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
【解析】 句意：凉风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得空气调节系统没有必要了。根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示必然的结果。
【答案】 making
8．(2015·重庆卷，11)Like
ancient
sailors，birds
can
find
their
way
________
(use)
the
sun
and
the
stars.
【解析】 句意：和古代的水手一样，鸟类能借助太阳和星星找到它们的路。考查非谓语动词作方式状语。主语birds与use间为逻辑上的主动关系且没有一定的时间性，故用现在分词形式。
【答案】 using
9．(2015·重庆卷，6)________
(raise)
in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow，he
had
a
long，hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
【解析】 句意：他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大的，经过一条漫长而艰难的道路才成为一名足球明星。raise与句子主语之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词形式。
【答案】 Raised
10．(2015·北京卷，23)The
park
was
full
of
people，________(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
【解析】 句意：公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。被修饰词people与enjoy间为逻辑上的主动关系且表示正在进行，故用现在分词形式作定语。
【答案】 enjoying
11．(2015·安徽卷，27)________
(ignore)
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
【解析】 句意：忽视那两个调查结果的不同将会是你犯的最严重的错误之一。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。设空处在句中作主语，故用不定式或动名词形式。
【答案】 Ignoring/To
ignore
12．(2015·陕西卷，18)Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
________
(take)
good
care
of
at
home.
【解析】 句意：李博士在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾十分高兴。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语his
mother与动词短语take
good
care
of之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，故用过去分词形式。
【答案】 taken
13．(2015·浙江卷，18)Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing；going
to
hear
it
________
(perform)
live
is
quite
another.
【解析】 句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏完全是另外一回事。本题考查非渭语动词作宾语补足语。宾语it与perform之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示进行，故答案为being
performed。
【答案】 being
performed第七讲
虚拟语气
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Our
teache
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
insisted
that
the
key
words
worth
paying
attention
to________(underline)
before
class.
【解析】 句意：我们老师坚持要在课
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前将值得注意的关键词划线。insist后的宾语从句中的谓语动词应是should＋动词原形，其中，should可以省略；根据句意应用被动形式。
【答案】 (should)
be
underlined
2．If
Jim________(be)
more
independent,
his
parents'
divorce
would
not
have
affected
him
as
deeply.
【解析】 句意：如果吉姆当时更加独
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )立一些，他父母离婚就不会如此深深地影响他。考查对已发生之事的虚拟，从句用had
done形式，主句用would＋have
done形式。
【答案】 had
been
3．If
the
dog
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hadn't
woken
us,
we
wouldn't
have
noticed
the
fire
and
it________(spread)
to
the
house
next
door.
【解析】 句意：如果当时不是这
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )只狗把我们弄醒，我们就不会注意到火，那么大火就可能会蔓延到隔壁的房子。前半句是虚拟，后半句是对过去可能发生之事的推测，因为只是可能性，故用might＋have
done形式。
【答案】 might
have
spread
4．It
is
required
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all
traffic
participants________(observe)
the
traffic
rules
to
make
traffic
safer
and
faster.
【解析】 句意：要求所有交通参与者应
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )遵守交通规则，让交通更安全、更顺畅。require后的从句里的谓语动词应是should＋动词原形，其中，should可以省略。句中that后是真正的主语从句，而句首的it是形式主语。
【答案】 (should)
observe
5．—Most
stud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents
went
to
the
party
yesterday.It
is
a
pity
that
you
were
absent.
—I
wish
I________(have)．But
I
was
terribly
busy.
【解析】 句意：——大多
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数学生去了昨天的聚会，遗憾的是你缺席。——我也希望我能参加啊，但我太忙了。wish后的虚拟语气用had
done形式，表示对已发生之事的虚拟，这里意为：I
wish
I
had
gone
to
the
party
yesterday.为了简洁，相同的动词和宾语gone
to
the
party被省略了。
【答案】 had
6．The
job
position
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
the
advertisement
requires
that
the
applicant________(have)
at
least
8
years
of
working
experience.
【解析】 句意：广告中的职位要求申请人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )至少有8年的工作经验。主句中有谓语动词require，其后的从句应用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
【答案】 (should)
have
7．—Jack
fell
off
the
ladder
yesterday,
but
he
is
all
right
now.
—What
a
lucky
dog!
He________(injure)
himself
badly.
【解析】 句意：——杰克昨天从梯子上摔了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下来，但是现在没事了。——真幸运！他本可能摔得很严重的。根据“but
he
is
all
right
now”可知，本句是一个虚拟语气句；根据yesterday可知，此处是对过去的推测，故用情态动词＋have
done的形式。
【答案】 could
have
injured
8．If
Rose
hadn't
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st
her
left
leg
in
the
accident
last
year,
she________(sit)
in
the
wheelchair
now.
【解析】 整个句子属于错综条件句，从句与过去事实相反；根据时间状语now可知，主句与现在事实相反，因此答案为wouldn't
sit。
【答案】 wouldn't
sit
9．Maybe
if
I________(study)
science,
and
not
literature
then,
I
would
be
able
to
give
you
more
help.
【解析】 句意：如果当时我学习
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的是理科而不是文科的话，那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，故if引导的从句部分用had
done。
【答案】 had
studied
10．—Colin
failed
in
his
attempt
to
win
a
prize
in
the
speech
contest.
—I
wish
he________(practice)
his
speaking
skills
for
the
coming
Creativity
English
Competition.
【解析】 根据题干中的wis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h可知，其后的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气形式，同时根据coming可知，这是将来的比赛，由此可知，说话者强调希望他现在为即将来临的比赛做准备了，故用wish
sb.did表示对现在情况的虚拟。
【答案】 practiced
11．What
would
have
hap
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pened
if
the
thief________(enter)
the
house,
without
being
noticed
【解析】 句意：要是贼进了房子而没被发现，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那将会怎样呢？根据题干中would
have
happened可知，本句话是对过去发生事情的虚拟，由此可知，if从句谓语动词应用had
done的形式。
【答案】 had
entered
12．It
is
recommended
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
you________(book)
your
accommodation
in
advance
in
tourist
season,
as
you
may
find
all
the
best
hotels
are
not
accessible.
【解析】 句意：推荐您在旅游季
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )节提前预定住宿，因为您可能会发现所有最好的酒店都已经住满了。recommend、suggest等表建议、要求、命令等词的从句要用should加动词原形表虚拟语气，should可省略。
【答案】 (should)
book
13．—Why
do
we
get
up
so
early
—If
we
________
(miss)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
flight
we
would
have
to
stay
here
for
another
day.
【答案】 missed
14．—Helen，are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
you
going
to
the
airport
to
see
Jack
off
the
day
after
tomorrow
—If
he
________
(leave)
tomorrow，I
would
go.
【答案】 were
to
leave/should
leave/left
15．Who
does
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
shop
assistant
think
he
is？He
behaves
as
if
he
________
(own)
the
grocery.
【答案】 owned
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Once
there
was
a
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )armer
who
grew
the
best
corn
every
year
and
__1__
made
others
confused
was
that
he
always
offered
to
share
his
best
seeds
with
his
neighbors.
When
__2__
(ask)
why
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
he
did
something
like
this,
he
explained,
“We
all
know
that
it
is
the
wind
__3__
picks
up
pollen(花粉)
from
the
corn
and
spreads
it
from
field
to
field.
I
am
well
aware
that
if
my
neighbors
grow
low?quality
corn,
their
pollen
will
__4__
(steady)
damage
the
quality
of
my
corn.
If
I
had
not
help
my
neighbors
grow
good
corn,
I
__5__
not
have
grown
good
corn.”
That
his
corn
can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not
improve
__6__
his
neighbor's
corn
also
improves
is
a
simple
and
important
principle
and
he
succeeds
best
by
helping
his
neighbors
succeed,
which
__7__
(go)
for
us,
too.Do
we
want
to
succeed
and
wonder
how
can
you
make
it
Then
we
__8__
help
others
to
succeed.
We
need
to
help
our
neighbors
also
live
__9__
peace,
and
the
very
peace
they
experience
will
add
to
our
own.
In
other
words,
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t's
a
relationship
called
mutualism
(互利共生),
and
the
rest
of
us
could
probably
take
a
lesson.
Call
it
a
principle
of
success
or
a
law
of
life.
I
only
know
that
__10__
of
us
truly
wins
until
we
all
win.
【答案】 1.what 2.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asked 3.that 4.steadily 5.could/should/would/might 6.unless 7.goes 8.must 9.in
10．None第十五讲
倒装
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2017·安徽淮南九中摸底)John
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
has
not
yet
passed
the
driving
test，and
neither
________
Henry.
【解析】 句意：约翰还未通过驾照考试，亨利也没有。考查部分倒装，根据语境，填has。
【答案】 has
2．(2017·四川德阳四校联考)—It'
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
nice.________
before
have
I
had
such
a
special
drink!
—I'm
glad
you
like
it.
【解析】 句意：——真不错。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料！——我很高兴你喜欢。考查否定词放在句首的部分倒装，由句意可知填never。
【答案】 Never
3．(2017·重庆巴蜀中学二模)Ab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )surd
________
it
might
sound，everyone
present
was
amused
by
his
adventure
story
in
Africa.
【解析】 句意：虽然听起来很荒诞，但在场
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的每个人都被他在非洲的冒险故事逗乐了。考查倒装，形容词/副词/动词/名词＋as/though＋主谓，表示“虽然……”。
【答案】 as/though
4．(2017·陕西咸阳一模)For
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
moment
nothing
happened；then
________(come)cheers
from
the
excited
audience.
【解析】 句意：片刻间什么也没发生，然后从兴奋的观众那里传来了欢呼声。考查then位于句首的完全倒装。根据语境，填过去式。
【答案】 came
5．(2017·黑龙江哈师大附中期中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Not
only
________
Hunan
TV's
reality
show
Dad，Where
Are
We
Going
received
high
praise，but
also
it
has
made
the
stars
and
their
lovely
kids
more
popular.
【解析】 句意：湖南卫视真人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )秀节目《爸爸去哪儿》不但受到高度的赞扬，而且也让这些明星和他们可爱的孩子们更受欢迎了。在not
only...but
also结构中，not
only引导的句子要用部分倒装结构；根据题干中的has
made及received可知此处应该是现在完成时，故填助动词has。
【答案】 has
6．(2017·福建福州八中质检)Onl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
when
he
apologizes
for
his
rudeness
________
I
speak
to
him
again.
【解析】 句意：只有在他向我为自己
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的粗鲁道歉后我才会再和他说话。当“Only＋状语从句”置于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装结构，再根据语境和时间状语从句中的apologizes可知此处表达的是将来会做某事，所以填will。
【答案】 will
7．(2017·辽宁沈阳一模
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))My
daughter
would
like
to
have
her
photos
taken
where
________(lie)a
lake.
【解析】 句意：我女儿想要在有湖泊的地方照相。考查地点where在前的完全倒装。正常语序为a
lake
lies
where。
【答案】 lies
8．(2017·山东威海一模
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Only
then
________
she
realize
how
serious
the
situation
had
been.
【解析】 句意：只在那时她才意识到形势有多严峻。考查倒装。根据“Only＋副词”放在句首要使用部分倒装和时态暗示，可知填did。
【答案】 did
9．(2017·安徽江南
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )十校联考)Never
before
________
I
seen
such
a
wonderful
park，where
I'd
like
to
pay
a
visit
again.
【解析】 句意：我从没见过这么美丽的公园
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，我想再来参观一次。否定副词短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装形式，never
before常与现在完成时连用。
【答案】 have
10．Not
a
single
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd
________
he
say
when
he
was
asked，which
made
his
parents
angry.
【解析】 句意：当有人问他的时候，他没有说
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个字，这让他的父母很生气。not
a
single
word放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装；从句时态为一般过去时，say是实义动词，所以要填助动词的过去式did。
【答案】 did
11．On
top
of
the
hill
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
________(stand)a
temple，which
dates
back
to
the
ages
of
the
Song
Dynasty.
【解析】 句意：在山顶上有一座寺庙，它始建于
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宋朝。表示地点的介词短语位于句首，句子要完全倒装；句子主语是a
temple，根据句意，stand要用第三人称单数形式。
【答案】 stands
12．Only
by
practising
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
few
hours
every
day
________
you
be
able
to
play
the
piano
well.
【解析】 句意；只有每天练习几个小时，你才
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能把钢琴弹好。only修饰状语位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。根据every
day提示可知，这里要填助动词will。
【答案】 will
13．I
finally
got
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )job
I
dreamed
about.Never
in
my
life
____
I
felt
so
happy.
【解析】 句意：我最终得到了我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )梦想的工作，我一生中从没这么高兴过。否定词never放在句首，句子部分倒装；结合前句的过去式及never
in
all
my
life可知，这里要用过去完成时，所以填助动词had。
【答案】 had
14．(2017·湖南怀化高三模拟考试)N
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever
________
it
occur
to
him
that
he
could
be
admitted
to
the
famous
university.
【解析】 句意：他从来没有想到会
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被这所著名的大学录取。never放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，根据语境及从句时态可知，主句用一般过去时，再由主句中的实义动词occur可知需加助动词did构成。
【答案】 did
15．(2017·福建莆田高中毕
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )业班质检)So
excited
________
my
classmates
to
know
the
good
result
of
the
English
speech
competition!
【解析】 句意：得知英语演讲比赛的结果，我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的同学们是多么激动啊！so...that...引导结构状语从句，so...位于句首，主句用部分倒装。本题中主句是系表结构，故本空填were。
【答案】 were
Ⅱ.语篇填空
There
__1__(be)
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
girl
named
Cinderella
whose
stepmother
had
two
ugly
and
lazy
daughters.Not
only
__2__
they
get
good
cares，but
also
they
needed
to
do
nothing.However，__3__
by
doing
dirty
housework
could
Cinderella
get
access
to
food；and
seldom
could
she
__4__(gain)some
rest.Not
__5__
midnight
was
she
allowed
to
go
to
bed.Poor
__6__
she
was，she
was
very
beautiful.One
day，from
the
palace
came
__7__
invitation，saying
that
the
prince
would
choose
his
wife.Away
went
her
stepmother
and
her
stepsisters
to
the
palace.Never
had
Cinderella
__8__(be)permitted
to
go
with
them.“__9__(be)I
a
princess，I
would
live
a
whole
new
life！”sighed
Cinderella.No
sooner
had
she
sat
down
__10__
a
goddess
appeared
and
gave
her
a
smart
dress，a
cargo
as
well
as
horses.But
she
warned
Cinderella
that
everything
would
disappear
at
12
o'clock.When
Cinderella
arrived
at
the
party，__11__
attractive
was
cinderella
that
the
prince
only
danced
with
her.Hardly
had
the
clock
stricken
twelve
__12__
Cinderella
began
to
run，and
she
left
a
crystal
slipper
on
the
stair.The
prince's
servant
came
to
Cinderella's
to
find
out
the
owner
of
the
slipper.Cinderella's
elder
sister
couldn't
wear
it.__13__
could
another
sister.Not
a
word
could
anybody
say
when
Cinderella
wore
the
slipper
perfectly.From
then
on
she
lived
happily
ever
after
with
her
prince.
【解题导语】 灰姑娘每天
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )都要做很多家务，而继母和她的女儿则整日欺负灰姑娘。王子举行选妃舞会，灰姑娘在仙女的帮助下，漂漂亮亮地参加了舞会，并最终成为了王妃。
1．【解析】 因There
be句型为完全倒装，主语为a
girl。
【答案】 was
2．【解析】 因not
only
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...but(also)．..连接两个并列分句，not
only放句首，其后分句需要部分倒装；从前后语境看，get该用一般过去时，而get是原形，故前面应加助动词did。
【答案】 did
3．【解析】 从could
Cinderella
get这一部分倒装可以推断，前面是“Only＋状语(介词短语)”。
【答案】 only
4．【解析】 因seldom否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装，有情态动词could提到主语前面了，因此gain用动词原形。
【答案】 gain
5．【解析】 是Not
until...引导的状语从句。
【答案】 until
6．【解析】 因as，though引导让步状语从句，其表语poor提前了。
【答案】 as
7．【解析】 作地点状语的介词短语from
the
palace提前，句子用完全倒装，invitation(请柬)做主语，前面用不定冠词。
【答案】 an
8．【解析】 因否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装；这是过去完成时的被动语态，故填been。
【答案】 been
9．【解析】 此处的Were
I．..＝If
I
were...表示与现在事实相反的假设。
【答案】 Were
10．【解析】 因no
sooner...than...是固定句式。
【答案】 than
11．【解析】 因so...that...是固定句式。
【答案】 so
12．【解析】 因hardly...when...是固定句式。
【答案】 when
13．【解析】 灰姑娘的一个姐姐不适合，另一个姐姐也不适合，用neither表示前面所述一件事也不适合另一个人或物时。
【答案】 Neither第十四讲
主谓一致
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．More
than
60
pe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rcent
of
the
world's
radio
programmes
________(be)
in
England.
【解析】 “分数或百分数＋名词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。programmes为复数，故谓语动词也要用复数形式。
【答案】 are
2．“All________(be)
present
and
all________(be)
going
on
well，”
our
monitor
said.
【解析】 句意：班长说：“所有人都在场，一切顺利。”all作主语时，指人用复数，指物用单数。
【答案】 are；is
3．Yesterday
the
Lea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gue
secretary
and
monitor
________(be)
asked
to
make
a
speech
at
the
meeting.
【解析】 句意：昨天，我们的团委书记，也是我们的班长，被要求在会议上发言。and连接的两个词共用冠词，表示同一个人，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【答案】 was
4．Mary
as
well
as
her
sisters________(study)
Chinese
in
China
now.
【解析】 Mary为单数意义词，尽管其后连接由as
well
as引导的短语，谓语动词的数仍然要由Mary这个词决定。
【答案】 is
studying
5．It
is
known
to
all
that
the
rich________(be)
not
always
happy.
【解析】 句意：众所周知，富人并不总是快乐的。定冠词the＋形容词表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数。
【答案】 are
6．The
police__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______(search)
for
the
murderer
everywhere
when
he
suddenly
appeared
in
a
theatre.
【解析】 句意：警察正在到处寻找凶手，这时，他突然出现在剧院。police作主语时，谓语一般用复数形式。
【答案】 were
searching
7．Air
pollution,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogether
with
littering，________(cause)
many
problems
in
our
large
industrial
cities
today.
【解析】 句意：如今，空气污染
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与乱丢垃圾，在我们大工业城市引起了许多问题。由together
with连接的两部分，其后的谓语动词与其前的部分保持一致，其后的部分只是一个补充说明。
【答案】 causes
8．The
Olympic
Game
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s________(be)
a
major
international
event
of
summer
and
winter
sports，in
which
thousands
of
athletes
compete
in
a
wide
variety
of
events.
【解析】 句意：奥运会是一个夏季和冬季
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的重要国际体育赛事，期间数千名运动员在很多赛事中竞技。the
Olympic
Games作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
【答案】 are
9．All
possib
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le
means________(try),
but
it
seems
that
they
have
a
long
way
to
go.
【解析】 名词means(方法
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定。此处means与all连用，表示复数意义，意为“所有方法”。
【答案】 have
been
tried
10．What
a
pi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty!
All
his
property,
the
books,
the
pictures
and
the
house，________(be)
consumed
by
the
big
fire.
【解析】 句意：真遗憾！他所有的财产——书籍
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、照片和房子，都被大火吞噬了。句中的主语是his
property，其后的the
books，the
pictures
and
the
house是它的同位语。主谓一致，是指谓语应与主语保持一致。
【答案】 was
11．Neither
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
novels
which________(be)
popular
with
us________(translate)
into
Chinese
so
far.
【解析】 句意：到目前为止，受我们欢迎的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两本小说都未被翻译成汉语。which引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是novels，novels为复数名词，所以定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。而主句的主语为neither引导的名词短语，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【答案】 are；has
been
translated
12．A
growing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
number
of
people________(begin)
to
believe
that
learning
new
skills
and
knowledge________(contribute)
to
more
promotion
opportunities.
【解析】 句意：越来越多的人开始相信学习新
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的技能和知识能帮他们获得更多的提升机会。a
number
of表示许多，连接名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。动名词短语作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。
【答案】 are
beginning；contributes
13．What
he
has
said________(leave)
much
for
us
to
think
about.
【解析】 what引导的主语从句后面谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
【答案】 leaves/has
left
14．There________(be)
a
small
quantity
of
water
left
in
the
bottle.
【解析】
there
be句型中be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。water为不可数名词，所以此处be动词要用单数形式。
【答案】 is
15．The
variety
of
goods
on
sale
in
that
shop________(be)
surprising.
【解析】
the
variety
of意为“……的种类/多样性”，其后接名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【答案】 is
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To
work
har
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
at
our
lessons
and
to
exercise
regularly
is
important
for
us
students.________
【答案】 is→are
2．I
have
to
get
out.
My
family
is
waiting
for
me
outside.________
【答案】 is→are
3．Everybody
is
here.
All
is
reading
aloud
in
the
classroom.________
【答案】 All后面的is→are
4．Half
of
the
students
has
failed
in
the
maths
examination.________
【答案】 has→have
5．Jim
is
the
only
one
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
the
students
who
are
from
the
countryside.________
【答案】 are→is
6．Kate，like
many
other
Russian
girls，are
nice
and
lively.________
【答案】 are→is
7．The
black
and
white
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cow
eating
grass
in
the
fields
belong
to
Mr.Smith.________
【答案】 belong→belongs
8．Not
only
my
paren
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
but
also
my
brother
enjoy
reading
Harry
Potter
and
the
Goblet
of
Fire.________
【答案】 enjoy→enjoys
9．Neither
the
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents
nor
Mr.White
were
late
for
the
performance.________
【答案】 were→was
10．There
stand
a
tall
tree
in
front
of
the
house.________
【答案】 stand→stands
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Our
school
libra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry，along
with
many
other
buildings，is
very
different
from
other
schools'.There
__1__(be)
two
computer
rooms，three
art
rooms，a
meeting
room
and
a
reading
room
in
the
library
building.The
number
of
the
books
__2__(be)large，and
maybe
there
are
100,000
books
in
it.It
is
said
that
all
the
books
cost
our
school
200,000
dollars.Maybe
200,000
dollars
__3__(be)large
to
every
student.In
the
era
of
knowledge
explosion，the
number
of
the
students
who
__4__(have)a
thirst
for
knowledge
is
increasing
day
by
day.Nowadays，our
library
has
been
developed
into
a
multifunctional
building.There
are
50
computers
in
it.Many
a
student
__5__(like)
to
surf
the
Internet
at
weekends
here
and
now
you
can
see
that
my
classmates，Mike
and
John
__6__(play)
computer
games
there.When
you
turn
to
another
room，you
will
find
that
a
professor
and
writer
__7__(deliver)
a
speech.Each
boy
and
each
girl
__8__(focus)on
his
interesting
speech.Every
time
there
is
a
wonderful
speech，the
audience
always
__9__(cheer)up.You
are
entering
our
art
exhibition.A
teacher
with
his
students
is
at
the
room.On
the
wall
__10__(be)100
pictures，which
attract
many
students.An
expert
and
teacher
is
explaining
something
important
to
us.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍学校图书楼功能室以及周末学生在里面的活动情况。
1．【解析】 因there
be句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持一致。
【答案】 are
2．【解析】 主语是the
number
of＋名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【答案】 is
3．【解析】 时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数当一个整体来作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
【答案】 is
4．【解析】 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
【答案】 have
5．【解析】 因many
a＋名词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式。
【答案】 likes
6．【解析】 两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
【答案】 are
playing
7．【解析】 当and连接的两个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词是指同一人时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。“a
professor
and
writer”意思是“一个教授作家”。
【答案】 is
delivering
8．【解析】 用and连接的单数主语，前面有each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【答案】 is
focusing
9．【解析】 集体名词g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roup，class，family，army，audience等作主语时，如果强调集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
【答案】 cheer/cheers
10．【解析】 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。
【答案】 are第十三讲
状语从句
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．________you
are
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ware
of
the
trick
used
in
advertisements,
I
don't
think
you
are
eager
to
buy.
【解析】 句意：一旦你意识到广告中使用的技巧，我认为你就不急于购买了。once是用来引导条件/时间状语从句的，意为“一旦”。
【答案】 Once
2．Online
informat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion
helps
you
a
lot
with
house－hunting.But
you
can't
really
tell
if
you'll
like
a
place________you
see
it.
【解析】 句意：网上信息在你买房上
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以给你很大帮助，但是直到你亲眼看到了那个地方后，你才能真正说出你是否喜欢那个地方。分析句子结构可知应填until，not...until直到……才。
【答案】 until
3．Many
people
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieve
we
are
heading
for
environment
disaster________we
basically
change
the
way
we
live.
【解析】 句意：许多人认为除非我们从根本
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上改变我们的生活方式，否则，我们会走向因环境问题而引起的灾难。unless意同“if...not”，意为“如果不”。
【答案】 unless
4．There
is
nothing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wrong
with
turning
on
the
TV______watching
it
doesn't
keep
you
from
doing
something
important.
【解析】 句意：如果它不妨碍你做一些重要的事情，打开电视看没什么错。if表假设，符合题意。
【答案】 if
5．We
all
need
k
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nowledge
from
the
past—________it
comes
from
personal
experience
or
from
studying
history.It
is
our
only
guide
to
the
future.
【解析】 句意：我们都需要过去的知识
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——无论是来自个人经验还是从历史中学习。它是我们走向未来的唯一指导。从后文or可以判断出这里是选择关系。
【答案】 whether
6．At
present,
visits
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
be
arranged
to
many
businesses
and
companies，________that
they
can
see
how
different
products
are
manufactured.
【解析】 句意：目前，可以安排他们去访问众多企业和公司，这样他们可以看到不同的产品是如何制造的。上下文是表“目的”关系。
【答案】 so
7．Don't
be
disco
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uraged.Take
things________they
are
and
you
will
enjoy
every
day
of
your
life.
【解析】 句意：不要气馁，接受现状，你会享受你生活中的每一天。as表“方式”，意为“以……样子”。
【答案】 as
8．If
you
tal
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k
to
your
children________they
were
adults,
you
will
strengthen
the
bonds
and
become
closer
friends.
【解析】 句意：如果你跟你的孩子就像成年人一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样交流，你将加强你们之间的关系并成为密切的朋友。从文中所用的were可以看出，这里宜用as
if/as
though，表“仿佛，好像”，因此这里应为方式状语。
【答案】 as
if
9．Experts
are
trying
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
work
out
a
plan
to
deal
with
the
problems
caused
by
global
warming________it
is
too
late.
【解析】 句意：专家趁还来得及正在努力制定一个计划来处理由全球变暖引起的问题。before意为“在……之前”，可译为“趁……尚不晚”。
【答案】 before
10．More
and
more
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
people
prefer
to
do
volunteer
work
in
areas________appeal
to
them
to
learn
more.
【解析】 句意：越来越多的人喜欢在能够吸引他们学习更多东西的地方做志愿工作。这是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中充当主语，而不是状语。
【答案】 which/that
11．You
will
never
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gain
success________you
are
fully
devoted
to
your
work.
【解析】
unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非”。句意：除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会取得成功。
【答案】 unless
12．The
young
couple
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
who
returned
my
lost
wallet,
left
________I
could
ask
for
their
names.
【解析】
before引导
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间状语从句，句型“...before
I
could...”通常意为“还没等……，还没来得及……”。句意：那对年轻夫妇归还了我的钱包，还没等我问他们的姓名就离开了。
【答案】 before
13．It
was
the
middl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
of
the
night________my
father
woke
me
up
and
told
me
to
watch
the
football
game.
【解析】
it为非人称代词，指时间。when引导时间状语从句。句意：当父亲叫醒我让我看足球赛时已是午夜时分。
【答案】 when
14．Half
an
hour
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
later,
Lucy
still
couldn't
get
a
taxi
______the
bus
had
dropped
her.
【解析】
where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”。句意：半小时过去了，可露西在下车的地方还是找不到一辆出租车。
【答案】 where/after
15．________Mr.Dewey
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
been
present,
he
would
have
offered
any
possible
assistance
to
the
people
there.
【解析】 此处if引导虚拟
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件句，表示对过去的一种假设，句型为“if...had
done...，...would
have
done...”。句意：如果杜威先生当时在场，他一定会给那儿的人提供任何可能的援助。
【答案】 If
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A
number
of
high
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uildings
have
arisen
there
was
nothing
a
year
ago
but
ruins.________
【答案】 在arisen后加where
2．Then
we
know
each
other
well，we
can
get
along
well.________
【答案】 Then→Now/Since/As
3．As
far
as
you
keep
playing
well，you'll
keep
winning
games.________
【答案】 far→long
4．Hot
although
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
night
air
was，we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired.________
【答案】 although→though/as
5．This
is
the
school
where
I
visited
three
years
ago.________
【答案】 where→that/which
Ⅲ.语篇填空
My
friend，Emma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Daniels，spent
the
summer
of
1974
traveling
in
Israel.During
her
month?long
stay
in
Jerusalem
she
often
went
to
a
café
__1__
was
called
Chocolate
soup.One
morning，Emma
went
in
for
a
cup
of
coffee，__2__
chatting
with
her
new
friend
Alex，she
mentioned
that
she
had
just
finished
reading
the
book
__3__
had
nothing
else
to
read.Alex
said
he
had
a
wonderful
book
she
might
like，and
__4__
he'd
be
happy
to
lend
it
to
her.__5__
he
lived
just
above
the
café，he
__6__(quick)ran
up
to
get
it，and
handed
it
to
Emma
just
minutes
later.
She
was
surprised
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
see
her
own
name
and
address
inside
the
cover
__7__
her
own
handwriting
__8__
she
opened
it
up.It
turned
out
that
the
summer
before，in
Montreal，Emma
had
met
a
Californian.They
decided
to
exchange
addresses，__9__
neither
of
them
had
any
paper.The
man
opened
up
a
book
he
was
carrying
in
his
backpack
and
asked
Emma
to
write
her
name
and
address
inside.When
he
returned
to
California，he
left
the
book
behind
in
Montreal，and
his
friend
Alex
kept
it.__10__
Alex
later
moved
to
Jerusalem，he
took
the
book
along
with
him.
1．【解析】 此处为定语从句，且从句中需填作主语的关系代词。
【答案】 that/which
2．【解析】 “当……时候”，时间状语从句用进行时。
【答案】 while
3．【解析】 用and连接两个并列动作。
【答案】 and
4．【解析】 引导第二个宾语从句用that。
【答案】 that
5．【解析】 句意：因为他就住在这家咖啡厅的上面。
【答案】 As/Because
6．【解析】 修饰谓语动词ran，作状语。
【答案】 quickly
7．【解析】 in
her
own
handwriting“以她自己本人的笔迹”。
【答案】 in
8．【解析】 句意：当她打开书后，惊讶地看到她自己写的自己的名字和地址。
【答案】 when
9．【解析】 句意：但是艾玛和那个人都没有带纸。
【答案】 but
10．【解析】 句意：当他搬到Jerusalem后，他随身带走了这本书。
【答案】 When第十讲
时态·语态
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Customers
are
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked
to
make
sure
that
they________(give)
the
right
change
before
leaving
the
shop.
【解析】 句意：客户被要求在他们离开商店之前要确保找给他们的钱是正确的。用现在完成时的被动形式，表示“零钱已被找付”。
【答案】 have
been
given
2．The
last
few
years_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______(see)
many
disasters
in
and
out
of
China,
from
earthquake
to
drought.
【解析】 句意：在过去的几
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年里，国内外经历了从地震到干旱很多灾害。本句用的是拟人的手法，see意同“experience，witness”；句中用了the
last/past＋时间名词，谓语应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
【答案】 have
seen
3．When
you
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )home,
give
a
call
to
let
me
know
you________(arrive)
safely.
【解析】 句意：当你回到家时打一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个电话，让我知道你已安全到达。When
you
are
home是一个时间状语从句，用的是一般现在时代替一般将来时；而主句用现在完成时，表示动作对现在的影响，意为“已到达”。
【答案】 have
arrived
4．The
truck
wh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ose
engine
was
damaged
yesterday________(repair)in
the
garage
now.
【解析】 “the
truck”和“repair”之间是动宾关系，故采用被动语态，由句中的时间状语“now”，可知要使用被动语态的进行时。
【答案】 is
being
repaired
5．With
the
powerful
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
reform
of
educational
system,
the
school
where
I
studied________(change)
their
way
of
educating
in
recent
years.
【解析】 “学校改变方式”是典型的主谓宾结构，所以采用主动语态，谈及近几年里的变化，所以采用现在完成时态。
【答案】 has
changed
6．With
tears
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her
eyes,
the
old
teacher
was
greatly
proud
of
all
that
her
students________(contribute)
to
the
hometown,
the
society
and
the
country.
【解析】 主句中谓语动词采用过去时态，“学生所做的贡献”就采用过去完成时态。
【答案】 had
contributed
7．—What
time
is
it
now
—I
didn't
notice
it.Just
a
minute.I________(check)
it
for
you.
【解析】
由于要求“稍等片刻”，“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。
【答案】 will
check
8．It
was
said
on
las
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
night's
TV
that
by
then
the
deaths
of
the
missing
people________(confirm)．
【解析】 句意：据昨晚电视新闻说，截止到当时，失踪人员的死亡情况已得到证实。时间状语为by
then，所以应该用过去完成时态的被动形式。
【答案】 had
been
confirmed
9．—Can
you
attend
our
group
discussion
in
the
third
period
tomorrow
—I'm
afraid
I
can't.I________(write)
an
experiment
report
in
the
lab.
【解析】 依据题意可知是将来发生的动作，且发生在明天的第三节课的时候。
【答案】 will
be
witing
10．We________(pla
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n)
to
give
the
fresh
flowers
to
you
for
respect,
but
they
said
it
didn't
fit
this
occasion.
【解析】 根据下文but可知，没有献上鲜花，所以要理解为“本来计划”。
【答案】 had
planned
11．We
all
know
he
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
quite
unhappy
when
he
sold
his
guitar.Think
of
it.He________(keep)
it
for
many
ages.
【解析】 在卖掉吉他前，他保留了好多年，即“过去的过去”。
【答案】 had
kept
12．The
Chinese
govern
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment
is
confident
that
the
air,
the
drinking
water,
and
the
natural
environment________(improve)
by
all
citizens'
further
efforts
to
reduce
pollution.
【解析】 对未来空气、饮用水和自然环境的改善有信心。所以要用将来时态和被动语态，题干中further是一个关键信息词。
【答案】 will
be
improved
13．Six
hours
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
passed.The
villagers
are
not
back
home.They________(search)
all
the
corners
for
the
missing
child.
【解析】 寻找持续了6个小时，现在还在到处寻找。所以采用完成进行时态。
【答案】 have
been
searching
14．We
were
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
to
hold
the
English
Singing
Contest
on
schedule.However,
we
were
told
the
art
hall________(equip)
with
new
devices.
【解析】 要用的艺术大厅正在安装新的设备而不能使用。
【答案】 was
being
equipped
15．A
fire
brok
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
out
in
the
open
market.Fortunately,
no
one
________(kill)
except
a
few
wounded.
【解析】 陈述火灾事故中伤亡情况用一般过去时，由于kill是及物动词，所以此处采用被动结构形式。
【答案】 was
killed
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When
the
fi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )refighters
finally
arrived,
the
house
nearly
destroyed
by
the
fire.________
【答案】 在nearly前加上was
2．Andersen's
fairy
ta
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )les
are
quite
widely
reading
all
over
the
world.________
【答案】 reading→read
3．The
problem
was
disc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ussed
when
the
manager
came
into
the
room.________
【答案】 在was后加being
4．The
poems
written
by
Robert
Browning
were
read
well.________
【答案】 去掉were
5．His
assumption
that
he
would
win
was
proved
wrong.________
【答案】 去掉was
6．As
we
all
know，shirts
made
of
cotton
don't
need
ironed.________
【答案】 ironed→ironing
7．Last
summer
I
went
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
London
for
a
holiday.I
spend
just
a
week
there.________
【答案】 spend→spent
8．Yesterday
I
suspec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted
of
stealing
something，which
made
me
feel
extremely
terrible.________
【答案】 suspected前加was
9．In
the
past
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo
and
a
half
years，our
school
had
organized
many
activities.________
【答案】 had→has
10．One
day
I
sa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w
an
advertisement
in
a
local
newspaper.I
ring
up
the
company，and
I
was
given
the
job
immediately.________
【答案】 ring→rang
Ⅲ.语篇填空
In
my
free
time，I
rea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly
like
surfing
the
Internet.When
I
get
home
from
work，I
turn
on
my
computer，__1__(wait)
till
it
boots
up
completely，and
then
I
go
online.I
usually
check
my
email
first
and
then
write
a
few
messages
__2__
family
and
friends.I
sometimes
scan
the
local
news
headlines
at
__3__
favorite
news
website
and
read
up
on
the
__4__(late)
local
and
international
news.This
website
often
provides
video
news
clips
that
you
can
view
online.Sometimes
products
or
service
online
can
__5__(order)
to
save
money
and
time
instead
of
going
to
a
store
and
__6__(buy)
what
I'm
looking
for.
For
example，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
__7__(order)
a
digital
camera
online
the
other
day
and
saved
about
$
50.Whatever
I
do，I
realize
that
there
are
problems
with
using
the
Internet
including
scams，identify
theft，and
viruses，so
I'm
very
careful
not
to
give
out
my
__8__(person)
information.Furthermore，I
don't
download
or
open
files
I
don't
recognize.Using
the
Internet
can
be
fun
and
__9__
convenient
way
of
shopping
and
finding
out
new
information，but
it
is
suggested
that
everyone
surfing
the
Internet
__10__(be)
careful.
1．【解析】 此处and连接3个并列的谓语动词，所以动词形式要一致。
【答案】 wait
2．【解析】 搭配write...to
sb.“给某人写信或写信息”。
【答案】 to
3．【解析】 名词前面使用物主代词作为修饰语。
【答案】 my
4．【解析】 此处用形容词最高级表示“最新”的新闻。
【答案】 latest
5．【解析】 此处在情态动词can后用被动式表示网上产品可以被订购。
【答案】 be
ordered
6．【解析】 此处用and连接两个并列的动名词going和buying，形式要一致。
【答案】 buying
7．【解析】 the
other
day常表示一般过去时态。
【答案】 ordered
8．【解析】 用形容词personal作定语，修饰后面的名词information。
【答案】 personal
9．【解析】 此处用不定冠词修饰后面的way。
【答案】 a
10．【解析】 动词suggest后的名词性从句用虚拟语气，动词用(should)＋do形式。
【答案】 (should)be第四讲
代词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．it，one，ones，that，those
(1)—Oh，dear！We
only
have
15
minutes
left
to
get
to
the
station.
—So
terrible!
There
isn't
any
taxi
around
when
you
want
________.
(2)—What
about
the
tea
drink
—Thank
you.No
ple
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asure
equals
________
of
a
hot
drink
on
such
a
cold
day.
(3)As
Mrs.Rooseve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt
put
________，I'd
rather
light
a
candle
than
complain
about
the
darkness.
(4)We
used
to
mis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )take
that
heavy
objects
fall
faster
than
light
________.
(5)Wherever
he
is，h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
makes
________
a
rule
to
give
his
mother
a
call
every
day.
(6)Even
if
they
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
on
sale，these
iPads
are
equal
to
________
in
price，if
not
more
expensive.
【答案】 (1)one (2)that (3)it (4)ones (5)it
(6)those
2．none，neither，all，both，either
(1)—Which
of
those
ties
do
you
like
best
—________.They
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
are
all
too
expensive
and
don't
go
well
with
my
new
suit.
(2)It
was
hard
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
him
to
learn
English
in
a
family，in
which
________
of
the
parents
spoke
the
language.
(3)You
can
choose
________
of
the
topics，but
do
not
attempt
both.
(4)40
students
are
________
here.So
let's
get
started.
(5)I
like
the
two
books
so
I
shall
read
________.
【答案】 (1)None (2)neither (3)either (4)all (5)both
3．other，the
other，another，others
(1)Actually
neither
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ide
is
prepared
to
give
in
to
________
in
the
border
negotiation.
(2)In
the
di
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )saster
of
Xisha
waters,74
fishermen
were
missing
and
one
________
swam
7
hours
to
the
shore
and
was
saved.
(3)What
seems
to
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
good
thing
to
one
person
may
be
a
bad
thing
to
________.
(4)Some
people
ta
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke
great
pleasure
in
helping
and
giving
to
someone
else
while
________
feel
happy
doing
the
opposite.
【答案】 (1)the
other (2)other (3)another (4)others
4．something，nothing，anything，everything，anyone，everyone
(1)I
knew
that
__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
could
ever
stop
William;
he
would
never
drop
his
dream
of
becoming
a
doctor
once
he
had
made
up
his
mind.
(2)—Sandy，do
you
like
fishing
—Not
really.As
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
me，________
would
be
more
fun
than
sitting
along
the
river
for
hours
catching
nothing.
(3)—May
I
ask
for
leave
tomorrow
—No,
you
can't.________
applying
for
the
scholarship
must
be
present.
(4)—Jack
said
you
got
a
unique
watch
for
your
birthday.
—Yes.Maybe
it
is
not
to
the
taste
of
________，but
I
like
it.
【答案】 (1)nothing (2)anything (3)Anyone (4)everyone
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Both
my
parents
mi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss
you
a
lot.
So
does
our
friend，Cathy...When
you
come，you
can
stay
with
ourselves.________
【答案】 ourselves→us
2．We
chose
the
cheapest
biscuits
and
ate
it
under
a
tree.________
【答案】 it→them
3．We
would
be
grateful
if
you
could
join
them
that
day.________
【答案】 them→us
4．I
wonder
if
you
can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
tell
me
something
about
myself，your
family
and
daily
school.________
【答案】 myself→yourself
5．Please
pay
mor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
attention
to
the
related
information
of
the
contest
and
take
an
active
part
in
them
on
time.________
【答案】 them→it
6．Finally，I
should
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
able
to
tell
visitors
about
our
history
and
culture
and
show
them
their
great
achievements.________
【答案】 their→our
7．Having
been
in
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
city
for
so
a
long
time，we
were
so
happy
to
go
to
the
countryside.________
【答案】 第一个so→such
8．However，there
are
pr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oblems
with
this
method.
Sometimes
we
may
find
difficult
to
follow
the
teacher
and
some
slow
learners
may
even
give
up
learning
English.________
【答案】 find后加it
9．My
first
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our
was
terrible.The
old
bus
was
not
air?conditioned，and
it
was
in
the
middle
of
summer，so
that
was
really
uncomfortable
to
be
inside
the
bus.________
【答案】 that→it
10．I
sincerely
ho
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pe
you
can
give
us
a
chance.I'm
looking
for?ward
to
your
early
reply.________
【答案】 us→me
Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的代词。
An
old
man
and
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
son
were
taking
a
donkey
to
the
market.The
man
rode
the
donkey
and
the
son
walked
behind
__1__.A
man
saw
them
and
asked
the
son
why
__2__
wasn't
riding
the
donkey.Then
the
father
let
__3__
ride
it.__4__
man
saw
them
and
told
__5__
that
they
should
__6__
ride
the
donkey.So
__7__
both
got
on
it.A
woman
who
saw
them
said，“Tell
__8__，why
are
you
both
riding
that
poor
animal？__9__
looks
so
weak
and
tired.__10__
are
so
cruel！”Then，the
father
and
son
got
off
the
donkey
and
started
carrying
it
across
a
bridge.When
they
were
halfway
across
the
bridge，the
donkey
struggled
loose
and
fell
into
the
river.
【答案】 1.it 2.he 3.him 4.Another 5.them 6.both
7．they 8.me 9.It 10.You第十六讲
特殊句式
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Between
rows
of
tree
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s________(stand)
a
new
building,
which
is
supposed
to
be
our
new
library
and
electronic
reading
room.
【解析】 句意：一排排树木之间矗
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )立着一座新建筑，这应该是我们的新图书馆和电子阅览室。本句是一个倒装结构，主语是a
new
building，因此动词用第三人称单数。
【答案】 stands
2．You
can
never/not
be
careful
enough
when
________(take)
an
exam.
【解析】 when后面可以用v.－ing形式，也可以用v.－ed形式，但此处take跟前面的主语之间是主动关系。
【答案】 taking
3．So
sweet
did
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
voice
sound
on
the
phone________I
could
hardly
recognize
it.
【解析】 跟前面的so构成so...that...句型。
【答案】 that
4．You'd
bett
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
ignore
him
completely;
the
more
attention
you
give
him,
the________(proud)
he
is.
【解析】 此处考查的是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的句型。
【答案】 prouder
5．Let's
appeal
to
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
public—________(live)
green
to
save
our
living
planet.A
small
step
can
make
a
big
change.
【解析】 句意：让我们呼吁公众
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——绿色生活，拯救我们生活的星球。一小步能带来大变化。public后是一个破折号，表明其后是一个祈使句，因此用动词原形。
【答案】 live
6．In
my
opinion,
achi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eving
what
you
set
out
to
do
isn't
so
important.________is
joy
in
the
journey
that
truly
matters.
【解析】 句意：在我看来，实现你着手做的什么并不是那么重要。重要的是过程要快乐。强调句型用It
is/was...that...结构。
【答案】 It
7．—Where
did
you
meet
him
for
the
first
time
—Maybe
it
is
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
museum________we
listened
to
the
lecture
that
we
got
to
know
each
other.
【解析】 句意：——你在哪里第一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次见到他？——也许是在我们听讲座的那个博物馆里，正是在那里我们彼此认识了。museum后跟的是一个定语从句，lecture后跟的才是一个that引导的强调句型。
【答案】 where
8．—English
has
large
vocabulary,
hasn't
it
—Yes,
________
(know)
more
words
and
expressions
and
you
will
find
it
easier
to
read
and
communicate.
【解析】 句意：——英语有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大量的词汇，不是吗？——是的，知道更多的单词和词组，你会发现阅读和交流更容易。本句是“祈使句＋and
you
will...”句型，前半句是一个祈使句，应用动词原形开头。
【答案】 know
9．All
other
fac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tors________(be)
equal,
would
you
prefer
a
man
or
a
woman
to
be
head
of
your
business
【解析】 句意：所有其他因素同等的情况下，你是喜欢男士还是女士做你的业务领导？句中是逗号，前半部分是一个独立结构。
【答案】 being
10．I
really
don't
know
where
it________that
he
bought
the
cell
phone.
【解析】 此处是强调句型，根据后面句子的时态可知此处要用一般过去时。
【答案】 was
11．It
was
not
unti
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
he
came
to
China________he
knew
what
kind
of
a
country
she
was.
【解析】 此处是强调句型，强调的是句子的状语部分。
【答案】 that
12．It
was
believed
by
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
ancient
Egyptians
that
intellect
was
to
the
mind________sight
was
to
the
body.
【解析】 句意：古埃及人认为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )智慧对于心灵犹如视觉对于身体。这是一个表示类比的特殊句型，即：A
is
to
B
what
C
is
to
D，表示前后的东西同样重要。
【答案】 what
13．It
was
in
this
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
very
lab
that
was
in
the
charge
of
John________they
did
the
experiment.
【解析】 此处的强调句型强调的部分还有一个定语从句。
【答案】 that
14．—My
room
gets
very
cold
at
night.
—So________mine.
【解析】 第二句是so引导的倒装句，根据上一句的谓语动词的时态推出此处用“does”。
【答案】 does
15．—I
don't
think
I
can
walk
any
further.
—________can
I.
【解析】 因为上一句是否定句，所以此处用否定词“neither”。
【答案】 Neither
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Once
upon
a
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime
there
was
a
famous
sea
captain.So
successful
was
the
captain
at
what
he
did
__1__
he
guided
merchant
ships
all
over
the
world.Never
__2__
stormy
seas
or
pirates
get
the
best
of(打败)him.He
was
admired
by
his
crew
and
fellow
captains.
However，There
__3__(be)one
thing
different
about
this
captain.Every
morning
he
went
through
a
strange
ceremony.He
would
lock
__4__
in
his
captain's
quarters
and
open
a
small
safe.In
the
safe
was
__5__
envelope
with
a
piece
of
paper
inside.He
would
stare
at
the
paper
for
a
minute，and
then
lock
it
back
up.Afterwards，he
__6__
go
about
his
daily
duties.For
years
this
went
on，and
his
crew
became
very
curious.
Was
it
a
treasu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
map？Was
it
a
letter
from
a
long
__7__(lose)love
Everyone
guessed
about
the
contents
of
the
strange
envelope.
__8___was
not
unt
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )il
the
captain
died
at
sea
that
the
secret
was
discovered.After
laying
the
captain's
body
to
rest，the
first
mate(助手)led
the
entire
crew
into
the
captain's
quarters.
He
opened
the
safe，__9__(get)
the
envelope，opened
it
and...
The
first
mate
turned
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
pale
because
he
found
the
captain
could
not
tell
the
difference
between
two
important
words.He
showed
the
paper
__10__
the
others.Four
words
were
on
the
paper；two
lines
with
two
words
each：
Port—Left，Starboard－Right.
1．【解析】 考查倒装结构so...that...“如此……以致……”。
【答案】 that
2．【解析】 以never开头的句子用部分倒装。文章用的是一般过去时，所以用did。
【答案】 did
3．【解析】 there
be结构，意为“有”。
【答案】 was
4．【解析】 考查反身代词。船长把自己锁在船长室里。
【答案】 himself
5．【解析】 句意：保险箱里有一个装着一张纸的信封。表示数量“一”，用不定冠词；envelope是元音音素开头，用an。
【答案】 an
6．【解析】 当空格后的谓语动词为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原形，且与文章的时态不一致时，考虑填情态动词或助动词。根据上一句的谓语动词would
stare可知，本句也填would，表示过去的一种习惯动作。
【答案】 would
7．【解析】 过去分词作定语，修饰名词love。
【答案】 lost
8．【解析】 考查强调结构：it
is＋被强调部分＋that。句意：直到船长在海上去世这个秘密才被发现。
【答案】 It
9．【解析】 got与前后两个opened为并列谓语，所以也用一般过去时。
【答案】 got
10．【解析】 表示“把某物给某人看”用show
sth.to
sb.。
【答案】 to(共12张PPT)
第十四讲
主谓一致
[考点精讲]
注意：1.what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。
What
he
says
and
does
do
not
agree.他言行不一致。
What
he
says
and
does
does
not
concern
me.
他的言行与我无关。
2．在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one
of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the(only/very)one
of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
taken
part
in
the
activity.
他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
taken
part
in
the
activity.他是惟一参加过这个活动的学生。
3．当主语后有介词with，together/along
with，including，like，but，except，other
than，rather
than和as
well
as等时，谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
was
excited
at
the
news.听到这个消息，老师和学生们都很激动。
Nobody
except
my
parents
knows
anything
about
it.
除了我父母之外，没有人知道这事。
[真题再现]
1．(2015·湖南卷，27)It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
(be)
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
(take)
years
to
achieve.
【解析】 句意：记住这一点很重要：成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累，常常需要很多年才能获得。根据句子结构可知，第一空和第二空共用主语success，它是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。
【答案】 is；takes
2．(2014·湖南卷，32)All
we
need
________
(be)
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
【解析】 句意：我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。根据题干可知all指代的是a
small
piece
of
land，所以谓语动词要用单数形式，整句话的语境为一般现在时，故填is。
【答案】 is
3．(2013·江苏卷，21)Generally，students'
inner
motivation
with
high
expectations
from
others
________
(be)
essential
to
their
development.
【解析】 句意：一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是重要的。由with连接的两个成分作主语，即A
with
B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和students'
inner
motivation保持一致，用单数。本句说的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时态。
【答案】 is
4．(2013·湖南卷，33)The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
(be)
around
$
8,450
a
year，which
is
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
【解析】 句意：这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8450美元，这对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。因为宾语从句的主语是living
expenses，是复数，所以谓语动词要用复数形式are。
【答案】 are
5．(2012·湖南卷，35)All
the
scientific
evidence
shows
that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
________
(be)
damaging
our
health.
【解析】 句意：所有的科学证据都表明，化学制品在农业上使用得越来越多，而这正在危害我们的健康。that引导的从句为宾语从句，且从句主语是use，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；本句说的是客观事实，故时态应用一般现在时。
【答案】 is(共12张PPT)
第十五讲
倒装
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 完全倒装
【考点2】 部分倒装
具体用法
例句
never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，not
until，not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
Hardly
did
I
know
what
had
happened.
only
和修饰的状语放于句首
Only
then
did
he
realize
the
importance
of
English.
not
only...but
also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒
Not
only
does
he
know
it，but
also
I
care
about
it.
neither...nor...连接并列的句子，前后都倒装
Neither
do
I
know
it，nor
do
I
care
about
it.
so...that，such...that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒
So
busy
is
he
that
he
can
not
go
on
a
holiday.
as引导的让步状语
Child
as
he
is，he
has
learned
a
lot.
so，neither或nor
表示前句内容，也适于另外的人或事
He
can
play
the
piano.
So
can
I．
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
May
you
be
in
good
health！
省略if的虚拟条件
Were
I
you，I
would
not
do
it
in
this
way.
[真题再现]
1．(2016·新课标卷Ⅰ，B)When
her
daughter
and
son
asked
her
to
move
to
San
Antonio
to
help
with
their
children，she
politely
refused.
Only
after
a
year
of
friendly
discussion________Ms.Garza
finally
say
yes.
【解析】 考查only＋状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。
【答案】 did
2．(2016·北京卷)
If
that
happened，Seppala
might
fall
into
the
icy
water
below.
He
would
die，and
so________the
sick
children
of
Nome.
【解析】 考查so的倒装结构，前面用了would，后面也用would。
【答案】 would
3．(2016·江苏卷，34)Not
until
recently________the
development
of
tourists－related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.
【解析】 考查倒装句的用法。根据句首的Not
until
recently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式。
【答案】 did
they
encourage
4．(2014·湖南卷，29)Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
________
you
keep
good
relationships
with
others.
【解析】 句意：只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持好的关系。“only＋状语从句”置于句首，后面的主句需部分倒装。时间状语从句中谓语动词为一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时，故填will。
【答案】 will
5．(2013·辽宁卷，26)At
no
time
________
they
actually
break
the
rules
of
the
game.It
was
unfair
to
punish
them.
【解析】 句意：实际上他们从未违反比赛规则，所以惩罚他们不公平。题干中表示否定意义的at
no
time置于句首，后面的句子应该部分倒装，又根据题干可知时态应为一般过去时，故用助动词did。
【答案】 did
6．(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ，12)________
by
increasing
the
number
of
doctors
by
50
percent
can
the
patients
be
treated
properly
in
this
hospital.
【解析】 句意：只有将医生的人数增加50%，病人才能在这家医院得到恰当的治疗。“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。其正常语序是：The
patients
can
be
treated
properly
in
this
hospital
only
by
increasing
the
number
of
doctors
by
50
percent.
【答案】 Only
7．(2013·福建卷，34)Not
until
he
went
through
real
hardship
________
he
realize
the
love
we
have
for
our
families
is
important.
【解析】 句意：直到经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是多么重要。“Not
until...”置于句首，主句需要部分倒装，故用助动词did来帮助构成部分倒装结构。
【答案】 did第一讲
冠词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空
1．—Jenny
is
always
punctual
for
appointments.
Why
is
she
late
today
—She
might
have
got
trapped
in________traffic
jam
in
the
rush
hour.
【解析】 句意：——珍妮总是准时赴约。她
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )今天为什么迟到？——她也许因上班高峰期交通堵塞被困住了。不定冠词a意义相当于one，即一次/一个等。这里表示泛指，意为“一次交通堵塞”。
【答案】 a
2．Cigarettes
and
alco
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hol
do
such
great
harm
to
health
that
they
can
easily
cause________weakening
of
our
bodies.
【解析】 句意：香烟和酒精对身体健康极有害
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，它们很容易导致身体衰弱。名词被定语修饰后，就是特指，weakening后有定语of
our
bodies，因此其前要加定冠词表示特指。
【答案】 the
3．Nicknames
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
interesting.If
a
man
were
unusually
strong,
he
might
adopt________name
such
as
Armstrong.
【解析】 句意：昵称很有趣，如果一个人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )异常强壮，他可能采用名字如阿姆斯特朗。不定冠词a意义相当于one，即一次/一个等。这里表示泛指，即某一个名字。
【答案】 a
4．Men
and
women
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hould
be
treated
equally
according
to
the
law,
but
in
reality
there
is________great
room
for
improvement.
【解析】 句意：男人和女人应该依法
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )平等，但实际上还有巨大的改进空间。句中room是抽象名词，意为“空间”，其前不可被冠词修饰。a
room意为“一个房间”。
【答案】 /
5．They
chose
Tom
to
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________captain
of
the
team
because
they
knew
he
was________smart
leader.
【解析】 句意：他们选择汤
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )姆作为队长，因为他是一个聪明的领袖。本题第一空后面的名词captain(队长)后面有介词短语of
the
team修饰，所以使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的可数名词leader前面有形容词smart修饰，用a修饰表示泛指。
【答案】 the；a
6．________village
where
I
was
born
has
grown
into
________town.
【解析】 句意：我出生的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那个小山村已经成为了一个小镇。名词village的后面有定语从句where
I
was
born修饰，说明该词表示特指，使用定冠词the。第二空后的名词town是一个可数名词，用a修饰表示泛指。
【答案】 The；a
7．Life
is
like________ocean;
only________strong－willed
can
reach
the
other
shore.
【解析】 句意：生活就像是一个海洋，只
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean，泛指一个海洋。第二空后的strong－willed是一个形容词，在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。the
strong－willed指“意志坚定的人”。
【答案】 an；the
8．The
paper
is
du
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
next
month,
and
I
am
working
seven
days________week,
often
long
into________night.
【解析】 句意：这份论文应该下个月上交，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我一个星期要工作七天，而且总是要熬到深夜。本句第一空中的a相当于per，per
week每一个星期。第二空使用定冠词the，表示特指，long
into
the
night意为“直到深夜”。
【答案】 a；the
9．I
can't
tell
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
________way
to
the
Wilsons'
because
we
don't
have________Wilson
here
in
the
village.
【解析】 句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的路，因为在这个村子里没有一个名叫威尔逊的人。本题第一空后名词way有介词短语to
the
Wilsons'修饰，说明特指Wilson家的路，所以使用定冠词the表示特指。而第二空后的名词Wilson是一个人名，通常都是单独使用，但是本题中使用a修饰，泛指一个名叫Wilson的人。
【答案】 the；a
10．It's________good
feeling
for
people
to
admire
the
Spring
Festival
Gala
that
gives
them________pleasure.
【解析】 句意：人们喜欢春晚带给他们的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )快乐，这是一种不错的感觉。good
feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词修饰。
【答案】 a；不填
11．We
have
every
reas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on
to
believe
that________sports
meeting
this
year
will
be________success.
【解析】 句意：我们有理由相信今年的运动会将是一次成功的盛会。第一空表特指，第二空表泛指，success在指某一事物或人时，为可数名词。
【答案】 the；a
12．I
earn
10
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollars
________hour
as________supermarket
cashier
on
Saturdays.
【解析】 句意：每周六我作为超市出纳员
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。hour以元音开头，前面加不定冠词an，an
hour每小时；a表示“一个”，放在supermarket
cashier前面表示类指，说明属哪类人。
【答案】 an；a
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Experts
think
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
recently
discovered
painting
may
be
the
picasso.________
【答案】 第二个the→a
2．(2017·太原第二学段测评)Her
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
they
can
borrow
a
set
very
easily，and
it
costs
them
only
little
money.Then
it
can
be
taken
home
and
used
for
long.________
【答案】 little前加a
3．(2017·唐山一模)There
I
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw
a
guitar
player
playing
guitar，which
I
really
enjoyed.________
【答案】 第二个guitar前加the
4．In
our
country，e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very
child
has
the
chance
to
receive
an
education.________
【答案】 去掉an
5．I
have
visited
many
cities
since
the
September
2006.________
【答案】 去掉the
6．We
all
know
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
man
is
the
most
developed
animal
in
the
world.________
【答案】 去掉第一个the
7．I'm
cheerful
boy.B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esides
my
courses，I
have
many
hobbies，like
playing
football，basketball
and
swimming.________
【答案】 cheerful前加a
8．Don't
take
it
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eriously，Alice.I
wan's
making
fun
of
you—it's
nothing
but
the
joke.________
【答案】 the→a
9．He
would
greet
u
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
in
a
tree
outside
our
bedroom，calling
“hello”
as
we
lay
in
bed
in
the
morning.________
【答案】 a→the
10．Simply
email
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )message
a
introduction
with
your
name
and
a
few
hobbies.________
【答案】 第一个a→an
Ⅲ.在下文的空白处填入a/an或the
During
our
jou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rney
we
came
to
__1__
bridge.As
we
were
crossing
__2__
bridge，we
met
__3__
old
man
and
spoke
to
him.__4__
man
refused
to
answer
us
at
first.He
could
tell
at
a
glance
that
we
had
escaped
from
__5__
prisoner?of?war
camp
and
he
was
afraid
of
getting
into
trouble.We
weren't
__6__
first
prisoners
of
war
to
have
escaped
from
__7__
camp.As
soon
as
Jim
produced
__8__
revolver，__9__
man
proved
very
willing
to
answer
our
questions.He
told
us
exactly
where
we
were
and
directed
us
to
__10__
farm
where
we
might
find
food.
【答案】 1.a 2.the 3.an 4.The 5.a/the 6.the
7．the 8.a 9.the 10.a(共27张PPT)
第五讲
形容词和副词
[考点精讲]
形容词
【考点1】 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
限定词(these，those...)＋数量形容词(three...)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful...)＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high...)＋新旧(old...)＋颜色(red...)＋国籍(Chinese...)＋材料(wood...)＋用途(writing...)＋被修饰名词(desk...)．
记准下面的口诀：
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。
The
first
beautiful
little
white
Chinese
wooden
bridge.
第一座美丽的中国小白木桥。
【考点2】 形容词作定语后置的几种情况
(1)当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时。
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
(2)当“形容词＋介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。
The
teacher
asked
me
a
question
too_difficult_to_answer.
老师问了我一个问题，太难了以至于我回答不出来。
(3)当两个意义相近或相反的形容词用both...and...；and；or或but连接在一起作定语时。
The
students
were
required
to
see
a
film
both_interesting_and_instructive.
学生们被要求看既有趣又有教育意义的电影。
(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。
The
peasants
dug
a
well
about_fifty_metres_deep.
农民们挖了一个大约50米深的井。
(2)alive，alone，awake等可以用作后置定语。
He
is
the
greatest
poet
alive.
他是在世的最伟大的诗人。
(3)以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。
sound/fast
asleep熟睡的
wide
awake十分清醒的
【考点3】 下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”
(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient
It
is
not
convenient
to
work
at
the
weekend.
周末不便工作。
【考点4】 形容词作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。
①He
returned
home，safe
and
sound.
他回到了家，安然无恙。
②He
is
standing
there，full
of
fear.
他站在那里，充满了恐惧。
【考点5】 复合形容词的构成
构成方法
例词
副词词干＋分词
Newly-made新建的
fast-changing
飞速变化着的
名词词干＋过去分词
Snow-covered被雪覆盖的
名词词干＋现在分词
Energy-saving节省能源的
注意：复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。
名词词干＋形容词词干
Life-long终生的
数词词干＋名词词干
Five-star五星级的
数词词干＋名词-ed
Four-storeyed四层的
数词词干＋名词＋形容词
Five-year-old
5岁的
形容词词干＋过去分词
ready-made现成的；预先制成的
形容词词干＋名词-ed
Cold-blooded冷血的
形容词词干＋现在分词
Ordinary-looking相貌一般的
形容词词干＋形容词词干
Red-hot炽热的
副 词
【考点1】 两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。
close接近(指距离)——closely仔细地；密切地
free免费——freely自由地；自如地
deep深——deeply深刻地；深入地
hard努力地——hardly几乎不
late晚、迟——lately近来
near邻近——nearly几乎
most最——mostly主要地；绝大多数地
easy从容地——easily容易地
【考点2】 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语
①Fortunately，he
was
not
drowned
and
was
saved
by
the
PLA
men.
幸运地是，他没被淹死而是被解放军给救了。
②Happily
for
her，her
stepmother
was
kind
to
her.
使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
【考点3】 副词enough的用法
(1)enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。
①If
I
had
a
long
enough
holiday，I'd
visit
Europe，stopping
at
all
the
small
interesting
places.
如果我有足够长的假期，我会去游览欧洲，在所有有趣的小地方停下来游玩。
②He
is
old
enough
to
decide
for
himself.
他已到自己作决定的年龄了。
(2)cannot与enough连用，表示“再……也不为过”。
①You
cannot
be
careful
enough.
你再细心也不为过。
注意：enough的这一用法可用cannot(can
never)．..too...句型替换。
②You
can
never
be
too
careful
in
the
street.(＝You
can
never
be
careful
enough
in
the
street.)
在街上，你再小心也不为过。
【考点4】 形容词、副词的固定搭配
①He's
dead/blind
drunk.
他喝得酩酊大醉。
②It's
raining/snowing
heavily.
雨/雪下得很大。
③He's
moving/breathing/drinking/smoking
heavily.
他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。
④The
traffic/His
moustache
is
heavy.
交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。
【考点5】 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1．同程度级的比较，用as...as，the
same
as，such...as引导：
Henry
does
not
have
so/as
many
books
as
I
have.
亨利不如我的书多。
2．the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……：
The
more
you
talked，the
less
attention
he
paid
to
you.
你说得越多，他越不注意你。
3．比较级＋and＋比较级，表示“越来越……”
The
new
city
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
新城变得越来越美丽。
4．the＋比较级＋of
the
two＋名词：
The
taller
of
the
two
boys
is
my
brother.
这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。
5．用介词by表示相差的程度：
She
is
taller
than
I
by
three
inches.
她比我高三英尺。
6．一个人的两种品质的比较，用more...than结构：
I
think
she's
more
shy
than
unfriendly.
与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。
7．否定＋比较级＝最高级：
There
is
no
greater
love
than
that
of
a
man
who
lays
down
his
life
for
his
friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
8．比较的对象不能相互包容：
The
Mississippi
River
is
longer
than
any
other
river
in
the
United
States.
密西西比河是美国最长的河。
注意：①比较级的修饰语常见的有：
rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a
lot，a
little，a
great
deal，by
far，a
bit，three
times等。
The
students
study
even
harder
than
before.
学生们比以前学习更努力了。
②比较的对象应该相同：
The
population
of
China
is
larger
than
that
of
any
other
country
in
the
world.
(＝China
has
a
larger
population
than
any
other
country
in
the
world.)
中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。
③no＋比较级＋than的特殊含义：
A
is
no
more
careful
than
B.
A和B两人都不仔细。
A
is
no
less
careful
than
B.
A和B两人都很仔细。
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，18)I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend________more
in
the
coming
years.
【解析】 句意：我总是很喜欢你组织的所有赛事，我希望未来几年参加更多的赛事。根据句意可知此处用many。
【答案】 many
2．(2016·浙江卷，13)A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
experience，________(especial)
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
【解析】 句意：突然停止有时会是很可怕的经历，尤其是在你高速行进时。设空处需用副词修饰if引导的状语从句，故答案为especially(尤其)。
【答案】 especially
3．(2015·湖北卷，27)Even
though
the
conference
hall
is
near
his
apartment，he
has
to
hurry
a
little
if
he
wants
to
be
________
(punctuality)．
【解析】 句意：尽管会议厅在他的公寓附近，可是如果他想按时到达的话也要抓紧时间。punctual准时的。
【答案】 punctual
4．(2015·四川卷，7)Andy
is
content
with
the
toy.It
is
the
________
(good)
he
has
ever
got.
【解析】 句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。“It
is＋the＋形容词最高级＋sb.has/have
done”为固定句型。
【答案】 best
5．(2015·浙江卷，14)Listening
is
thus
an
active，not
a
________，behavior
consisting
of
hearing，understanding
and
remembering.
【解析】 句意：聆听是一种由倾听、理解和记忆共同组成的主动而非被动的行为。由not和active这两个信息词可知答案为passive。
【答案】 passive
6．(2015·浙江卷，13)Most
of
us，if
we
know
even
a
little
about
where
our
food
comes
from，understand
that
every
bite
put
into
our
mouths
was
________
(former)
alive.
【解析】 句意：但凡我们知道一点食物的来源，我们大多数人就会明白，进入我们嘴里的每一口食物，之前都是有生命的。formerly以前，原来。
【答案】 formerly
7．(2015·安徽卷，31)They
gave
money
to
the
old
people's
home
either
________
(personal)
or
through
their
companies.
【解析】 句意：他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱，要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。personally亲自。
【答案】 personally
8．(2015·湖北卷，29)The
girl
used
to
be
shy，but
is
________
(gradual)
getting
active
in
group
work
and
is
more
willing
to
express
herself.
【解析】 句意：这个女孩过去很腼腆，但是她逐渐变得积极参加集体活动了，也更愿意表达自己了。设空处需用副词作状语。gradually慢慢地，逐渐地。
【答案】 gradually第二讲
名词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The
doctor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )told
Mary
that
too
much________(expose)
to
the
sun
is
bad
for
the
skin.
【解析】 句意：医生告诉玛丽，过多地暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。too
much用来修饰不可数名词。
【答案】 exposure
2．Young
people
go
to
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollege
with
the________(expect)
that
better
educated
people
get
a
higher
pay.
【解析】 句意：年轻人常常怀着这样的期望上大学：受过更好的教育的人会得到更高的薪水。此处，冠词后要用名词。
【答案】 expectation
3.
Not
having
been
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
given
a
written________(permit),
he
had
to
write
another
letter
to
the
president
of
the
university.
【解析】 句意：因为没有得到书面许可，他不得不给大学校长再另写一封信。written作定语修饰名词。
【答案】 permission
4．If
transport
costs
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad
been
taken
into________(consider)
at
the
beginning,
the
factory
would
have
been
built
far
from
its
present
place.
【解析】 句意：如果运输成本在一开始就得以考
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )虑，工厂将会建在离目前工厂很远的地方。take...into
consideration意为“顾及；考虑到……”。
【答案】 consideration
5．As
Susan
stared
at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
piles
of
plastic
in
her
recycling
bin,
a
strong
sense
of________(responsible)
made
her
stick
to
her
recycling
work.
【解析】 句意：当苏珊盯着回收箱
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里的成堆的塑料时，强烈的责任感让她坚持她的回收工作。此处介词of后用名词，a
sense
of
responsibility意为“责任感，责任心”。
【答案】 responsibility
6．With
the
help
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
some
witnesses,
three
criminals
were
caught
and
asked
to
aid
in
the________(investigate)．
【解析】 句意：在一些目击者的帮助下，三名罪犯被抓捕并被要求协助调查。冠词the后用名词。
【答案】 investigation
7．It
is
not
only
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
embarrassment
for
sufferers
but
a
test
of________(endure)
for
family
and
friends.
【解析】 句意：这不仅对当事人来说很尴尬，对于家人和朋友也是一种忍耐力的考验。此处介词of后用名词。
【答案】 endurance
8．In
view
of
all
sor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
of
rumors
and
guesses,
experts
carried
out
some
careful
and
scientific
research
and
discounted
the________(possible)
of
a
second
earthquake
in
this
area.
【解析】 句意：针对各种谣言和猜测，专家进行了一些谨慎和科学的研究，排除了这一地域的第二次地震的可能性。
【答案】 possibility
9．Each
of
us
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
likely
to
develop
a
personal________(prefer)
for
certain
types
of
entertainment.
【解析】 句意：我们每个人都可能会形成一种对某些类型娱乐的个人偏爱。
【答案】 preference
10．In
severe
cases,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
economic
burden
would
cause
conflict
for
resources
and
intensify
social________(contradict)
and
unrest
as
we
have
seen
in
the
past.
【解析】 句意：在严重情况下，经济上的重
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )负将导致争夺资源的冲突，加剧社会矛盾和动荡，这已被我们以往的经历所证实。contradict的名词形式是contradiction。
【答案】 contradictions
11．A
report
by
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Chinese
Academy
of
Social
Science
said________(employ)
among
new
graduates
grew
to
over
12
percent
last
year
because
of
the
global
economic
crisis.
【解析】 句意：中国社会科学院的一份报告说
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，因为全球经济危机，应届毕业生失业率去年增长了12%以上。分析句子结构，空处应是名词作宾语从句的主语。根据句意，应用unemployment。
【答案】 unemployment
12．Considering
the
se
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vere
fact
of
global
warming,
the
top
priority
of
all
nations
is
to
reduce
CO2________(emit)
and
increase
use
of
renewable
energy.
【解析】 句意：考虑到全球变暖的严重事实
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，所有国家的首要任务是减少二氧化碳排放，增加可再生能源的使用。根据后面的use
of...可知此空应用名词。
【答案】 emissions
13．Some
experts
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
think
the
wolf's
team
spirit
for________(survive)
is
what
is
needed
in
today's
competitive
culture.
【解析】 句意：一些专家认为：狼为了生存的团队精神是今天的竞争文化所需要的。
【答案】 survival
14．Bob
was
fired
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
other
day
simply
because
he
failed
to
live
up
to
the
boss's________(expect)．
【解析】 句意：几天前鲍勃被解雇了，仅仅因为他辜负了老板的期望。名词所有格后用名词。
【答案】 expectations
15.
Tom's________(polite)
was
beyond
endurance
and
he
was
asked
to
leave
the
room
by
his
grandma.
【解析】 句意：汤姆的无礼令人难以忍受，他的祖母不得不令他离开房间。从句意看，应是Tom的无礼才令祖母无法忍受。
【答案】 impoliteness
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
met
a
lot
of
inter
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esting
peoples
when
I
travelled
around
the
world.________
【答案】 peoples→people
2．He
went
to
two
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shoes
stores
to
look
for
a
pair
of
shoes
which
he
liked.________
【答案】 将第一个shoes→shoe
3．Our
family
mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved
here
last
month，so
I
haven't
made
as
many
friend
as
I
expected.________
【答案】 friend→friends
4．Many
parents
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
are
worried
that
there
are
too
many
woman
teachers
in
primary
and
high
school.________
【答案】 woman→women
5．A
plastic
cup
lasts
longer
than
one
made
of
glasses.________
【答案】 glasses→glass
6．After
ten
minutes
walk，we
arrived
at
the
park
as
planned.________
【答案】 minutes→minutes'
7．We
can
acquire
a
lot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
useful
informations
from
various
media
such
as
the
Internet，TV
and
newspapers.________
【答案】 informations→information
8．—Are
you
ready
to
order
now
—Bring
us
two
coffee，please.________
【答案】 coffee→coffees
9．Many
listeners，youn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
and
old，are
still
fascinated
by
Beethoven's
piano
work.________
【答案】 work→works
10．The
Green
ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke
it
a
habit
to
go
abroad
for
their
holidays
every
summer.________
【答案】 Green→Greens
Ⅲ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或填入适当的词
Robots
used
for
housew
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ork
were
tested
out
in
some
__1__(family)．Tony，one
of
the
robots，looked
like
__2__tall
and
handsome
man
with
smooth
black
hair，speaking
in
a
deep
voice.Larry
was
going
to
be
away
from
home.Also，__3__(curious)
drove
him
to
have
a
try
on
such
a
new
thing.So
he
hired
a
robot
to
accompany
his
wife
Claire.Claire
didn't
like
the
idea
at
the
beginning，but
she
agreed
to
it
at
last.At
the
first
sight
of
Tony，Claire
felt
embarrassed.Gradually，Tony
began
to
win
the
__4__(hostess)trust.He
helped
Claire
realize
her
dreams
by
making
her
home
elegant，giving
her
a
new
haircut，changing
the
makeup
she
wore
and
giving
her
__5__(advise)
on
her
__6__(person)
dresses.Therefore
at
the
party
all
her
guests
who
were
invited
were
filled
with
__7__(admire)
when
they
saw
her
house
was
completely
changed.After
the
test，the
company
was
satisfied
with
__8__(Tony)
report
and
believed
it
was
__9__
success
because
he
had
successfully
made
a
woman
regain
her
__10__(confident)
and
fall
in
love
with
him.
【答案】 1.families 2.a 3.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )curiosity 4.hostess' 5.advice 6.personal 7.admiration 8.Tony's 9.a 10.confidence(共16张PPT)
第十六讲
特殊句式
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 省略用法
【考点2】 强调用法
种类
要 点 归 纳
典 句 例 示
强
调
句
It
is/was...that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他情况下用that。
It
was
in
the
street
that
I
saw
him
yesterday
afternoon.
在强调句中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应紧跟其主语，即人称和数要一致。
①It
is
White
and
Betty
who
often
do
good
deeds
for
the
old
lady.
②It
is
only
I
who/that
am
willing
to
go
to
see
the
film.
如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调句结构须用：It
is...that/who...；如原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则其结构须用It
was...that/who...。
It
was
I
who
saw
him
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon.
强
调
句
“not...until...”句型的强调结构为“It
is/was
not
until...that...”。
It
was
not
until
the
last
operation
was
finished
that
Bethune
left
the
battle
hospital.
强调句的特殊疑问句型为：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？。
①Where
was
it
that
you
met
Jack
yesterday？
②What
is
it
that
you
want
me
to
do？
谓语
动词
的强
调
do/does/did＋动词原形
①Do
come
on
Sunday.
②He
did
finish
the
task
completely
last
week.
[真题再现]
1．(2016·天津卷，13)
You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
________the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
【解析】 句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。考查强调句型。被强调部分为at
the
hotel，故设空处填that。
【答案】 that
2．(2015·重庆卷，9)Bach
died
in
1750，but
it
was
not
until
the
early
19th
century
________
his
musical
gift
was
fully
recognized.
【解析】 句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。本题考查not...until...的强调句型it
was
not
until...that...。
【答案】 that
3．(2014·福建卷，29)It
was
the
culture，rather
than
the
language，________
made
it
hard
for
him
to
adapt
to
the
new
environment
abroad.
【解析】 句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。根据分析可知本句为强调句。去掉It
was和空格，题干可以还原为：The
culture，rather
than
the
language
made
it
hard
for
him
to
adapt
to
the
new
environment
abroad.故填that。
【答案】 that
4．(2014·湖南卷，33)It's
not
doing
the
things
we
like，but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
________
makes
life
happy.
【解析】 句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。本题考查强调句，故填that。not
doing
the
things
we
like，but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do为被强调部分。
【答案】 that
5．(2015·北京卷，31)If
________
(accept)
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
【解析】 句意：如果你被录取做这个工作，你将很快被通知。本题考查状语从句的省略。完整的句子为：If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
【答案】 accepted
6．(2015·湖南卷，24)Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
________
(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands.
【解析】 句意：电子游戏如果落入不对的人的手里就可能有坏的影响。这里考查了leave作及物动词的用法，可以理解为if(the
video
games
are)
left
in
the
wrong
hands，主从句的主语相同，省略了从句中的主语和be动词。
【答案】 left
7．(2015·湖南卷，31)Always
________
in
mind
that
your
main
task
is
to
get
this
company
running
smoothly.
【解析】 句意：永远记住：你的主要任务就是让这个公司顺利运作。句子没有主语且表示命令，故为祈使句，答案为keep。
【答案】 keep第十二讲
定语从句
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．The
process
of
curi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
a
disease
is
like
a
war________different
soldiers
fight
against
an
enemy.
【解析】 句意：治疗疾病的过程就
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )像一场战争，在这场战争里，不同的士兵抗击一个敌人。本句的先行词是war，可以理解为具有抽象概念的名词，“在战争中”即in
the
war，因此答案是in
which/where。
【答案】 where/in
which
2．Next,
try
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )talking
with
a
student
who
is
as
shy
as
you
or
who________(share)
the
same
interest
as
you.
【解析】 句意：试着与一个和你同样害羞的或与
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你有同样爱好的同学交谈。本句的定语从句的先行词是a
student，是单数形式，故share也使用单数。
【答案】 shares
3．I
am
sure
it
was
because
of
her________I
became
a
story
teller.
【解析】 考查it
is...that的强调句结构。
【答案】 that
4．He
is
an
optimistic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
and
learned
man,
for________we
students
all
show
respect.
【解析】 句意：他是一个乐观、博学的人，我们同学们都尊重他。whom引导非限制性定语从句，且作介词for的宾语。
【答案】 whom
5．Though
it
is
30
yea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs
since
we
last
met,
I
still
remember
the
scene________we
got
separated
on
a
rainy
day.
【解析】 句意：虽然距离我们上
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次见面有30年了，但我仍然记得我们在雨天分别的场景。先行词是scene，引导词在从句中作状语，用where引导定语从句。
【答案】 where
6．You
should
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
careful
of
such
a
person
________flatters
you
in
your
presence
and
speaks
ill
of
you
in
behind.
【解析】 句意：你应该小心那种人——在你面前
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )奉承你，在你背后说你的坏话。当先行词前有such，引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词as。
【答案】 as
7．He
came
to
a
point
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
________there
was
no
more
road
to
follow，and
before
him
he
could
see
nothing
but
a
thick
forest.
【解析】 句意：他来到一个地方，前面没有路了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在他面前除了一片茂密的森林外，他什么也看不见。当先行词是point时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，用关系副词引导这个定语从句。
【答案】 where
8．It
is
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
great
regret________I
am
writing
this
letter
of
apology
to
you.
【解析】 句意：我怀着深深的懊悔给您写这封信道歉。注意此句是强调句(it
is...that...)，并非定语从句。
【答案】 that
9．Instead
we
should
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pend
more
time
playing
sports
or
talking
with
our
friends,
which________(help)
us
relax
and
communicate.
【解析】 考查定语从句中主谓一致问题。which为从句引导词，指代前面整句话的内容。
【答案】 helps/will
help
10．In
the
UK,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what
impressed
exchange
students
most
was
the
Student
Activity，________they
could
get
lots
of
information
outside.
【解析】 句意：在英国，令交
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )换生印象最深的是学生活动，在那里他们可以获得大量的信息。当先行词是activity时，一般用where/in
which来引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语。
【答案】 where/in
which
11．The
pen
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith
________he
is
writing
actually
is
a
gift
from
his
parents.
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词，在介词后且先行词为sth.。
【答案】 which
12．The
first
E
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nglish
novel
________I
read
is
called
Alice
in
Wonderland.
【解析】 考查定语从句的引导词。当先行词是最高级、序数词或被最高级、序数词修饰时，定语从句的引导词只用that不用which。
【答案】 that/不填
13．Who
is
the
woman
________shook
hands
with
you
just
now
【解析】 当主句已有疑问词who/which等时，定语从句只能由that引导。此句中that作从句的主语。
【答案】 that
14．Children
who
are
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot
active
or________diet
is
high
in
fat
will
gain
weight
quickly.
【解析】 句意：那些不活动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或者在饮食方面富含脂肪的孩子会容易长胖。句中or连接两个并列的定语从句，先行词都是children，显然diet是从属于children的，从句中缺少一个与人有关的作定语的引导词，故用whose引导。
【答案】 whose
15．I'm
sorry,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )but
I
really
don't
like
the
way________he
speaks
to
his
parents.
【解析】 考查先行词是the
way时，定语从句引导词的选择。
【答案】 that/in
which/不填
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There
are
thre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
people
in
my
family
and
I'm
the
only
one
child，who
is
very
common
in
Chinese
families.________
【答案】 who→which
2．Travelling
ab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )road，you
should
follow
the
customs
of
the
country
where
you
are
visiting.________
【答案】 去掉where或where→which/that
3．Remember，you
can
tak
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
the
contest
in
China
Daily
newspaper，that
is
very
popular
among
high
school
students.________
【答案】 that→which
4．I
will
never
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )forget
the
day
on
that
we
went
to
buy
guitars
in
the
guitar
store.________
【答案】 that→which
5．When
you
read
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book，you'd
better
make
a
mark
that
you
have
a
question.________
【答案】 that→where
6．On
the
third
flo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
there
are
two
rooms，one
of
them
is
used
as
a
meeting
room.________
【答案】 them→which
7．The
couple
will
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
to
France
for
their
honeymoon
on
their
first
stop，which
they
plan
to
stay
for
three
days.________
【答案】 which→where或在其前加in
8．I
gave
that
boy
so
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficult
a
math
problem
which
he
couldn't
work
out.________
【答案】 which→as
9．There，Kate
will
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )troduce
me
to
some
of
her
friends，one
of
who
has
been
to
China
several
times.________
【答案】 who→whom
10．A
Tale
of
Two
C
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ities
is
the
best
English
film
which
was
played
in
our
English
class.________
【答案】 which→that
Ⅲ.语篇填空
In
the
internat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ional
business
there
is
always
a
great
need
for
creative
talents.On
the
other
hand
creative
people
are
also
searching
for
areas
__1__
they
can
put
their
talents
to
use.A
talent
to
be
noticed
nowadays
is
much
easier
__2__
it
used
to
be
in
the
old
times.In
the
early
days，for
example，if
one
wanted
to
be
a
singer，he
or
she
had
to
have
a
great
amount
of
talent
in
singing.That
was
the
only
way
__3__
they
could
promote
themselves
and
be
recognized.Now
sources
like
the
Internet
help
a
great
deal
in
promoting
oneself.The
Internet
is
like
a
global
village.__4__(seat)in
your
home
you
are
capable
__5__
finding
a
lot
of
sources.People
__6__
have
talents
can
be
recognized
through
the
Internet.__7__，the
Internet
is
__8__
opportunity
to
put
forward
one's
talents，creativity，and
powers
in
order
to
be
noticed.Keeping
in
mind
__9__
a
talent
unexposed
is
the
talent
unfound.Now
we
are
lucky
enough
to
show
our
__10__(hide)
talents，without
trying
very
hard
and
just
by
sitting
at
home.
1．【解析】 因为先行词是areas，表示地点，再根据关系词在从句中是作状语，故此处应填写关系副词where。
【答案】 where
2．【解析】 由easier可知是比较级，填than。
【答案】 than
3．【解析】 此处是定语从句，先行词有only修饰，只能填that。句意为：那是他们推销自己和使自己得到别人认可的唯一方法。
【答案】 that
4．【解析】 seat作动词时，意为“使……就座，使坐下”。固定用法seat
sb./oneself＝sb.be
seated。
【答案】 Seated
5．【解析】 be
capable
of
doing
sth.“有能力做某事”。
【答案】 of
6．【解析】 定语从句中作主语，指people。
【答案】 who/that
7．【解析】 根据上下文因果联系，可知此处表结果。thus/therefore/so都可以作副词，表示“因此，所以”。
【答案】 Thus/Therefore/So
8．【解析】 此处泛指一种机会，且因为opportunity是元音音素开头，故不定冠词应用an。
【答案】 an
9．【解析】 that引导的从句作动词短语keep
in
mind的宾语。
【答案】 that
10．【解析】 动词hide与talents存在被动关系，表示“潜在的才华”。
【答案】 hidden第三讲
介词和介词短语
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.用适当的介词填空
1.
She's
got
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
job
because
she
has
the
advantage________others
of
knowing
many
languages.
【解析】 句意：她得到了那份工作
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，因为比起别人她的优势是她懂多门语言。have
advantage
over是固定搭配，意为“比……有优势”。over的基本意义是“directly
above...”，即“比……高”。
【答案】 over
2.
“How
coul
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
you
lose
so
much
money？”
Charlie
asked
his
wife,
eyeing
her
angrily
from________the
kitchen
table.
【解析】 句意：“你怎么能丢那么多钱？”查理愤怒地从餐桌的那一边望着他的妻子问道。across意为“从/在……的那一边”。
【答案】 across
3．Failure
hurts
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
grown－ups
and
children
alike,
but
it
can
make
a
positive
contribution________your
life
once
you
learn
to
use
it.
【解析】 句意：失败对老少都会
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有同样的伤害，但一旦你学会利用它，它可以为你的生活做出积极贡献。contribute/contribution与to连用是固定搭配。
【答案】 to
4．We
hope
some
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )justments________the
quality
of
their
service
will
be
made
in
response
to
the
reactions
of
the
customers.
【解析】 句意：我们希望在服务质量方面做
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一些调整以应对客户的反应。make
adjustments
to意为“对……做出调整”，是固定搭配。
【答案】 to
5．—Oh,
you
haven't
read
my
e－mail
—Sorry,
I
haven't
had
any
access________the
computer
these
days.
【解析】 句意：——哦，你还没有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读过我的邮件吗？——对不起，这几天我没有用电脑。have
access
to...是固定搭配，意为“有进入……的(能力/机会……)”。
【答案】 to
6．However
weak
we
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re,
we
can
still
do
something________the
powerful
nature
so
long
as
we
are
adequately
prepared.
【解析】 句意：尽管我们很弱小，但只要我们充分准备面对大自然，我们仍然可以做一些事情。against意为“对，反对”。
【答案】 against
7．The
bridge
connect
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
the
two
islands
is________construction
and
is
expected
to
be
completed
in
October.
【解析】 句意：这座连接两个岛屿的桥正在建设中，预计将在10月完成。“under＋表动作的名词”相当于正在进行的被动语态，是固定句型。
【答案】 under
8．________a
wi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nter
evening
of
1987,
when
she
was
on
duty,
an
old
man
over
seventy
was
carried
into
the
operating
room
because
of
a
sudden
“brain
hemorrhage”．
【解析】 句意：在198
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )7年深冬的一个晚上，正是她值班时，一位年过七旬的老人，因突发“脑出血”被抬入手术室。特指某天或某天的上、下午/晚上等，应用介词on。
【答案】 On
9．Jane
is
in
a
hurry
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves________half
an
hour.
【解析】 介词in＋一段时间，意为“在……之后”，即火车半小时后出发，因此填in。
【答案】 in
10．People
won't
pay
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
attention
to
you
when
they
still
have
a
lot
of
ideas
of
their
own
crying________expression.
【解析】 句意：当人们还有自己的想法需
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要诉求和表达的时候，他们是不会注意到你的。cry
for是固定表达，意同“be
dying
for”，意为“渴望，急需”，因此填for。
【答案】 for
11．Our
club
is
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pen
to
everyone________age,
sex
or
educational
background.
【解析】 句意：我们的俱乐部对所有的人都开放，不论年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless
of意为“不管，不计”。
【答案】 regardless
of
12．It
is
unbe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lievable
that
Mr.Lucas
leads
a
simple
life________his
great
wealth.
【解析】 句意：尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，但他却过着简朴的生活，这真令人难以置信。despite意为“尽管”。
【答案】 despite
13．Some
people
ar
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
always
occupied________work,
and
therefore
they
can
not
go
traveling
and
enjoy
the
weather.
【解析】 句意：有些人总是被工作缠身，不能外出旅行，享受阳光明媚的天气。be
occupied
with是固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。
【答案】 with
14．Nowadays,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hose
who
actively
choose
to
live
in
rural
communities
are
generally
motivated
by
the
particular
qualities
of
village
life－peace,
quiet,
pace
of
life
and
easy
access________open
country.
【解析】 句意：现在，那些热心于在乡村
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定居的人都是被乡村的恬静、平和、(缓慢的)生活节奏以及能够和大自然亲密接触的特性深深吸引。have
access
to是固定搭配，意为“能够接近；有权使用”，to是介词。
【答案】 to
15．Scientists
are
con
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vinced
of
the
positive
effect
of
laughter________physical
and
mental
health.
【解析】 句意：科学家确
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。have
an
effect
on意为“对……有影响”。effect后跟on是固定搭配。
【答案】 on
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If
we
could
show
con
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cern
to
others
on
need，the
world
would
be
a
better
place
to
live
in.________
【答案】 on→in
2．Nearly
five
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ears
ago，and
with
the
help
by
our
father，my
sister
and
I
planted
some
cherry
tomatoes
(圣女果)
in
our
back
garden.________
【答案】 by→of
3．We
can
lie
on
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )grass
for
a
rest，or
sit
by
the
lake
listening
music.________
【答案】 listening后加to
4．Then
everyone
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
the
carriage
began
searching
the
ticket，which
was
eventually
found
under
a
seat
several
rows
from
its
owner.________
【答案】 searching后加for
5．Suddenly
it
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
occurred
to
me
that
he
might
have
left
it
in
the
taxi.So
I
immediately
got
touch
with
the
taxi
company.________
【答案】 got后加in
6．I'm
afraid
physi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cs
is
completely
against
me
and
I
have
to
ask
you
for
help.________
【答案】 against→beyond
7．I
am
afraid
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
mountain
would
break
down.
The
next
morning
we
got
up
early
in
order
to
see
the
sun
rise
from
the
east.________
【答案】 from→in
8．These
are
the
happi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est
girls
I've
ever
seen
and
I'm
the
happiest
in
all！________
【答案】 in→of
9．I'm
very
int
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erested
in
the
job
and
I'd
like
to
apply
to
the
position.________
【答案】 第二个to→for
10．I
want
to
fi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd
out
a
part?time
job
in
the
summer.I'm
18
years
old
and
have
a
good
command
of
English，especially
in
terms
of
speaking
and
listening.________
【答案】 去掉out
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用适当的介、副词填空)
As
I
walked
__1__
the
city
streets，I
passed
a
young
man
searching
through
a
small
block
of
land
that
contained
a
mix
of
leaves
and
rubbish.I
was
somewhat
puzzled
why
someone
__2__
him
would
be
searching
through
rubbish.Finding
this
a
little
odd，I
asked
him，“What
are
you
searching
__3__？”
He
replied
very
simply
that
he
was
looking
for
money.
After
talking
__4
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__
him
for
a
little
longer，I
found
out
that
he
had
become
homeless
after
getting
laid
__5__
from
his
job.Since
then，he
had
been
working
__6__
part?time
jobs
in
a
doctor's
office
and
in
a
food
bank
to
earn
some
money.But
he
made
so
little
that
he
lost
heart.The
man
seemed
fairly
talented，although
he
was
a
little
dirty.
I
told
him
that
our
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )houghts
create
our
reality，and
I
suggested
that
he
not
give
__7__
and
think
__8__
a
positive
way.During
the
whole
talk，what
I
stressed
was
that
he
was
young
and
that
everything
was
possible.Although
he
didn't
respond
__9__
the
spot，my
sense
told
me
that
what
I
said
seemed
to
have
an
effect
__10__
him.
【答案】 1.along/down 2.like 3.for 4.with 5.off
6．on 7.up 8.in 9.on 10.on(共17张PPT)
第十二讲
定语从句
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 定语从句常见引导词
【考点2】 that与which，who，whom的用法区别
【考点3】 as与which的区别
【考点4】 关系副词的用法
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，22)I
live
next
door
to
a
couple_______
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
【解析】 句意：我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a
couple，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The
couple's
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故答案为whose。
【答案】 whose
2．(2016·天津卷，9)We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week，________
the
weather
may
be
better.
【解析】 句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。先行词为next
week，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The
weather
may
be
better
next
week.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
【答案】 when
3．(2016·浙江卷，11)Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears，none
of________has
been
proved.
【解析】 句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None
of
the
theories
has
been
proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且介词of已被提前，故答案为which。
【答案】 which
4．(2016·江苏卷，23)Many
young
people，most
of
________were
well－educated，headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
【解析】 句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young
people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most
of
the
young
people
were
well－educated.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故答案为whom。
【答案】 whom
5．(2015·福建卷，34)China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership，________
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
【解析】 句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。
【答案】 which
6．(2015·湖南卷，29)It
is
a
truly
delightful
place，________
looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
【解析】 句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为place，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The
place
looks
the
same
as...。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“事物”，故用which。
【答案】 which
7．(2015·陕西卷，15)As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family，Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
________
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
【解析】 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为time，将先行词代入定语从句后为：He
should
be
able
to
be
independent
at
the
time.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
【答案】 when
8．(2015·四川卷，3)The
books
on
the
desk，________
covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.
【解析】 句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the
books，与从句中的covers为所属关系，故答案为whose。
【答案】 whose
9．(2015·浙江卷，19)Creating
an
atmosphere
________
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
【解析】 句意：创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。本题考查定语从句。先行词为atmosphere，将先行词代入定语从句后为：In
the
atmosphere
employees
feel
part
of
a
team.关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用where/in
which。
【答案】 where/in
which第八讲
动词和动词短语
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Anyway，we're
here
now，so
let's
get
down
________
some
serious
work.
【解析】 句意：反正大家现在都在这儿，那我们开始做一些重要的工作吧。get
down
to开始做。
【答案】 to
2．I've
been
trying
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phone
Charles
all
evening，but
there
must
be
something
wrong
with
the
network；I
can't
seem
to
get
________.
【解析】 句意：整个晚上我一都在给Char
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )les打电话，但网络一定出现了问题，我似乎不能打通电话。get
through通过，完成，接通电话。
【答案】 through
3．Is
this
yo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur
necklace，Mary？I
came
________
it
when
I
was
cleaning
the
bathroom
this
morning.
【解析】 句意：这是你的项链吗，Mary？我今天早上打扫浴室的时候偶然发现了它。come
across碰到，偶然遇到。
【答案】 across
4．Bears
build
________
fat
stores
throughout
the
summer
and
fall
to
have
energy
enough
to
last
them
through
their
winter
sleep.
【解析】 句意：熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪，以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。build
up增加，积累。
【答案】 up
5．Briggs
will
take
________
as
general
manager
when
Mitchell
retires.
【解析】 句意：当Mitchell退休的时候，Briggs将接任总经理的职位。take
over接收，接管，接任。
【答案】 over
6．Team
leaders
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )must
ensure
that
all
members
get
________
their
natural
desire
to
avoid
the
embarrassment
associated
with
making
mistakes.
【解析】 句意：团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。get
over克服。
【答案】 over
7．Butterflies
fe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
________
a
sweet
liquid
produced
by
flowers，which
bees
and
other
insects
collect.
【解析】 句意：蝴蝶以花蜜为食，蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集花蜜。feed
on以……为食。
【答案】 on
8．(2017·江西重点中学盟校一联)—Susan
looks
so
sad.What's
wrong
with
her
—A
letter
from
home
set
________
an
attack
of
homesickness.
【解析】 句意：——苏珊看上去很悲伤，她怎么了？——一封家书突然引起了她的思乡之情。set
off引发，激起，引起。
【答案】 off
9．(2017·陕西一联
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The
human
mind
can
carry
________
many
tasks
that
other
animals
cannot，like
using
language
and
judging
what
other
people
are
thinking.
【解析】 句意：人类大脑可以完成很多其他动物不能完成的任务，如：使用语言，判断其他人在想什么。carry
out执行，完成。
【答案】 out
10．(2017·四川成都七中二诊)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )He
pretended
not
to
care
but
that
remark
gave
________
his
real
opinion
on
the
matter.
【解析】 句意：他假装不在意，但是那话却泄露了他对这件事的真实看法。give
away泄露。
【答案】 away
11．(2017·河南开封二模)I
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riding
along
the
street
and
all
of
a
sudden，a
car
cut
________
and
knocked
me
down.
【解析】 句意：我正在沿着大街骑车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车，将我撞倒了。cut
in插嘴，打断，超车抢道。
【答案】 in
12．(2017·吉林延边质量检测)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Judging
the
voice，and
not
the
appearance”
makes
the
show—The
Voice
of
China
stand
________
from
the
numerous
other
reality
shows
in
China.
【解析】 句意：“根据嗓音而不是长相评判
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”使得《中国好声音》这个节目从中国众多其他的真人秀节目中脱颖而出。stand
out引人注目，杰出，出色。
【答案】 out
13．(2017·陕西咸阳模拟)The
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omputer
game
is
designed
for
game
lovers，young
ones
________
particular.
【解析】 句意：这款电脑游戏是为游戏爱好者尤其是年轻的游戏爱好者设计的。in
particular尤其。
【答案】 in
14．(2017·北京海
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )淀一模)The
purpose
of
the
article
is
to
draw
public
attention
________
the
problem.
【解析】 句意：这篇文章的目的是引起公众对此问题的注意。名词attention后加to表示：对……的注意，此用法为习惯用法。
【答案】 to
15．(2017·浙江金
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )华十校模拟)Heavy
smog
blankets
Beijing.________
response，city
authorities
start
using
its
new
smog
warning
system.
【解析】 句意：雾霾笼罩着北京。作为回应，城市当局开始采用新的雾霾预警系统。in
response作为回应。
【答案】 In
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Sometimes
Chinese
Eng
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish
teachers
__1__(puzzle)
by
such
questions
as
“Can
you
tell
me
how
to
read
smoothly？”“Have
you
got
any
skills
in
reading？”Actually，many
of
the
teachers
can't
give
students
an
efficient
way
to
deal
with
reading.Anyway，__2__
often
simply
say，“Read
more
and
practice
more，and
you
__3__(get)
more
experience
in
English
reading.”Frankly，these
teachers'
good
__4__(suggest)are
only
helpful
to
arouse
students'
interest
in
reading
but
not
helpful
for
them
to
deal
with
__5__(various)
of
questions
in
the
examinations
of
reading
comprehension.Personally，I
think
the
skill
for
reading
comprehension
should
be
based
__6__
the
knowledge
of
English
writing.Since
the
English
passages
__7__(write)
under
some
rules
or
principles，the
science
of
reading
and
understanding
may
have
a
close
relationship
with
writing.Reading
comprehension
can't
be
independent
from
the
knowledge
of
writing.So
__8__(do)
better
in
reading
comprehension，we
should
learn
the
knowledge
of
writing，study
how
questions
__9__(design)
and
the
relationship
__10__
questions
and
the
reading
materials.
1．【解析】 考查被动语态。主语为复数，谓语be动词用are。
【答案】 are
puzzled
2．【解析】 指代前文中的the
teachers。
【答案】 they
3．【解析】 在“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型中，陈述句的谓语动词要用一般将来时。
【答案】 will
get
4．【解析】 作主语用名词，且谓语(系动词)是are，可见此名词要用复数形式。
【答案】 suggestions
5．【解析】 varieties
of
questions“各种各样的问题”。
【答案】 varieties
6．【解析】 考查固定搭配。be
based
on意为“以……为基础；在……的基础上”。
【答案】 on
7．【解析】 此处是被动语态，且主语为复数形式。
【答案】 are
written
8．【解析】 作目的状语，要用动词不定式。
【答案】 to
do
9．【解析】 考查被动语态。句意：研究问题是如何被设计的。
【答案】 are
designed
10．【解析】 固定结构，between...and...表示“在……与……之间”。
【答案】 between第十一讲
名词性从句
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．“Every
time
you
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
a
sweet,
drink
green
tea.”
This
is
________my
mother
used
to
tell
me.
【解析】 本题考查表语从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句的引导词。what
my
mother
used
to
tell
me和系动词is构成系表结构，what既是这个从句的引导词，也在从句里充当动词tell的宾语。句意：“每次你吃糖的时候喝杯绿茶”，这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。
【答案】 what
2．—Is
it
true
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idea________he
did
it;
that's
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
【解析】 答句实际上是一个同位语从句，是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对名词idea的内容进行的说明。句意：——迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？——是的，我不知道他为什么要这样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。短语have
no
idea后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have
no
idea
where
to
go等。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。
【答案】 why
3．________makes
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book
so
extraordinary
is
the
creative
imagination
of
the
writer.
【解析】 此题题干部分is为系动词，th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
creative
imagination
of
the
writer为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，故用what。意为：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。
【答案】 What
4．Experts
believ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e________people
can
waste
less
food
by
shopping
only
when
it
is
necessary.
【解析】 动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，不缺少成分，故使用that表陈述。
【答案】 that/不填
5．Do
not
let
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any
failures
discourage
you,
for
you
can
never
tell________close
you
may
be
to
victory.
【解析】 动词tell之后为宾语从句，并可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how。
【答案】 how
6．It's
good
to
kn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow________the
dogs
will
be
well
cared
for
while
we're
away.
【解析】 动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一个事实。
【答案】 that
7．It
remains
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
be
seen________the
newly
formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
【解析】 题干中it作形式
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。判断主语从句中不缺少主干成分，“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，应用whether表“是否”。
【答案】 whether
8．________I
want
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tell
you
is
the
deep
love
and
respect
I
have
for
my
parents.
【解析】 主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what。
【答案】 What
9．Police
have
found________appears
to
be
the
lost
ancient
statue.
【解析】 动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填代词what。
【答案】 what
10．The
only
way
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
succeed
at
the
highest
level
is
to
have
total
belief________you
are
better
than
anyone
else
on
the
sports
field.
【解析】 belief后所接的从句是对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述belief的内容。
【答案】 that
11．________struck
me
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ost
in
the
movie
was
the
father's
deep
lovefor
his
son.
【解析】 主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what。
【答案】 What
12．From
spac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e,
the
earth
looks
blue.
This
is________about
seventy－one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.
【解析】 本题考查表语从句的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导词。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系，此处为“前果后因”，故用because。
【答案】 because
13．This
helps
crea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te
parents'
expectations
for
the
student
and
helps
the
student
know________the
expectation
will
be,
which
reduces
stress.
【解析】 本句是一个宾语从句，做know的宾语。缺引导词，且引导词在宾语从句中作be的表语，结合句意可知，答案为what。
【答案】 what
14．Each
time
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eagle
let
his
dreams
be
known,
he
was
told
it
couldn't
be
done.That
is________the
eagle
learned
to
believe.
【解析】 本句是一个表语从句，表
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中缺引导词，且引导词在从句中作believe的宾语，因此应该用what引导，等于the
thing
that，即相当于一个名词加一个定语从句。
【答案】 what
15．Success
partly
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )epends
on________you
have
the
patience
to
do
simple
things
perfectly.
【解析】 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：成
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。在题干中，介词“on”后面是宾语从句，结合语境可知，应用whether。
【答案】 whether
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．众所周知，中国政府已不遗余力地保护人们免受假冒食品的毒害。
____________
is
that
the
Chinese
government
has
spared
no
effort
to
protect
people
from
fake
food.(know)
【答案】 What
is
known
to
us
all
2．他的爸爸给他找了一份银行的工作，但是很快他不能胜任那种工作的事实就很清楚了。
His
father
got
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
him
a
job
in
a
bank
but
soon
it
became
clear
____________.(be
fit
for)
【答案】 that
he
was
not
fit
for
that
kind
of
work
3．现代科学已经给出充分的证据表明吸烟会导致许多疾病。
Modern
science
has
given
clear
evidence
____________.(lead
to)
【答案】 that
smoking
can
lead
to
many
diseases
4．我突然冒出的一个温暖的想法是在感恩节帮妈妈洗脚。
A
warm
thought
came
to
me
____________
on
Thanksgiving
Day.(help)
【答案】 that
I
might
help
wash
my
mom's
feet
5．谈到面试，你真不知道你在面试中表现怎样，直到通知你去上班。
When
it
comes
to
a
j
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ob
interview，you
really
don't
know
____________
until
you
are
told
to
work
there.(perform)
【答案】 how
you
performed
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The
news
which
Chinese
football
team
lost
the
game
is
true.________
【答案】 which→that
2．If
David
is
coming
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
or
not
for
the
meeting
tomorrow
is
not
clear.________
【答案】 If→Whether
3．Jim
doesn't
know
if
to
stay
or
not.________
【答案】 if→whether
4．That
impressed
me
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )most
was
that
the
villagers
were
very
friendly
to
the
tourists.________
【答案】 That→What
5．Till
she
spoke
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
me
I
hadn't
realized
she
wasn't
an
English
woman.________
【答案】 Till→Until
Ⅳ.语篇填空
I
like
readin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
very
much.My
classmates'
question
is
__1__
I
began
to
love
reading.Actually，I
love
reading
as
a
child.I
grew
up
in
a
college
town
and
I
spent
all
my
summer
vacations
in
this
university.What
I
meant
was
__2__
I
was
surrounded
by
libraries
and
the
people
who
loved
to
read.__3__
I
went
to
the
library
to
read
every
day
was
one
of
my
favorite
hobbies.My
love
of
reading
was
credited
with
the
fact
__4__
my
parents
only
let
me
watch
an
hour
of
TV
a
day.I
learned
to
entertain
myself
through
my
mind
and
imagination.It's
not
really
surprising
__5__
literature
became
my
vocation.
Recently
I
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been
reading
a
lot
of
multicultural
women's
legends.Jane
Goodall
went
to
Africa
and
studied
chimps
instead
of
going
to
university.__6__
there
are
some
connections
between
chimps
and
human
beings
puzzles
me
a
lot.Thanks
to
Jane
Goodall，her
research
showed
me
the
answer.She
argued
__7__
wild
animals
should
be
left
in
the
wild
and
not
used
for
entertainment.After
finishing
her
story，I
still
have
some
doubts
__8__
she
could
achieve
great
success
on
her
own
in
the
forest.Lin
Qiaozhi，a
doctor，became
a
specialist
in
women's
illnesses.She
devoted
all
her
life
to
medical
work
for
Chinese
women
and
children.__9__
made
her
succeed
later
on
was
the
kindness
and
consideration
she
showed
to
all
her
patients.__10__
she
didn't
choose
to
have
a
family
of
her
own
is
clear
to
me
now.
【答案】 1.when 2.that 3.That 4.that 5.that
6．Whether 7.that 8.how 9.What 10.Why第五讲
形容词和副词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．If
you
want
to
book
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tickets
for
the
2016
Asian
Games,
just
call
0095
2012.It
couldn't
be________(simple)．
【解析】 句意：如果你想预
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )订2016年亚运会的票，就拨打电话00952012。不可能比这更简单了。形容词比较级和否定词连用时，表最高级，即这是最简单的。
【答案】 simpler
2．The
concept
of
“C
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ustomer
First”
should
be________(firm)
rooted
in
the
mind
of
every
shop－assistant.
【解析】 句意：“顾客至上”的概念应该牢固地植根于每个商店售货员的心里。修饰过去分词应用副词。
【答案】 firmly
3．He
had
driv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en
no________(far)
than
ten
miles
when
his
race
car
broke
down
and
he
was
soon
behind
the
other
competitors.
【解析】 句意：他刚开了不超过十英
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里距离时，他的赛车就抛锚了，很快他就落后于其他竞争对手。far表示“具体距离”时的比较级是farther。
【答案】 farther
4．Your
plan,
as
well
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
his,
sounds
original.But
the
company,
I
think,
won't
approve
either
of
them,
for
they
are________(real)．
【解析】 句意：你的计划以及他的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )计划听起来是那么有创意，但我认为公司哪个也不会批准的，因为它们不现实。从句意看应是不切合实际的，因此应是unrealistic。
【答案】 unrealistic
5．—Do
you
like
this
part
of
the
town,
the
so－called
desired
area
—On
the
contrary,
it's
the________area
that
I
want
to
visit
in
town.
【解析】 句意：——你喜欢这座城市的这一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分吗，所谓的期望区？——相反，这是我最不想参观的一个区域。last本意为“最后的”，引申为“the
last
suitable
or
likely”(最不可能的)。
【答案】 last
6．Retirement
is
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bviously
a
very
complex
adjustment
period
and
the______(early)
you
start
planning
for
it,
the
better.
【解析】 句意：退休显然是一个非常
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )复杂的适应期，你越早开始规划越好。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”是一个固定句型，意为“越……就越好”。
【答案】 earlier
7．If
there
were
no
exa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )minations
tomorrow,
we
would
have
a
much________(happy)
time
tonight.
【解析】 句意：如果明天没有考试，我们今晚会更快乐。本句是一个虚拟句，是虚拟与真实的对比，是比较关系，因此用比较级。
【答案】 happier
8．It's
likely
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
she
will
be________(absence)
from
punishment,
as
our
teacher
has
been
convinced
by
her
excuse.
【解析】 句意：很有可能她不会受到惩罚，因为老师相信了她的借口。absence的形容词形式是absent。
【答案】 absent
9．Compared
with
hi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
sister,
Jerry
is
even
more
________(sense)
to,
and
more
easily
troubled
by，emotional
and
relationship
problems.
【解析】 句意：跟他的姐姐相
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )比，杰瑞对情感和关系问题更敏感，更容易受其困扰。根据“more
easily
troubled
by”以及介词to，此处应用be
sensitive
to。
【答案】 sensitive
10．My
brothe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
is
really
________(diligence)．He
often
works
in
his
office
far
into
the
night.
【解析】 句意：我的哥哥工作勤奋。他常常在办公室工作到深夜。形容词作表语，故用diligent。
【答案】 diligent
11．I
can________be
a
teacher.I'm
not
a
very
patient
person.
【解析】 句意：我永远不会当老师。我不是一个非常耐心的人。根据句意，应填副词never/not，表否定意义。
【答案】 never/not
12．My
uncle's
house
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
the
downtown
area
is
much
smaller
than
ours,
but
it
is
twice________expensive.
【解析】 句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )比我们的小很多，但花费是我们的两倍。考查倍数的表示方法。该题采用了“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”这一结构。
【答案】 as
13．The
childre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
loved
their
day
trip,
and
among
all
the
activities,
they
enjoyed
the
horse
ride________.
【解析】 句意：那些孩子们喜欢他们的短途旅行，在所有项目中，他们最喜欢骑马。根据句意，此处应该用most修饰enjoy，表示最喜欢。
【答案】 most
14．The
weather
was________cold
that
I
didn't
like
to
leave
my
room.
【解析】 句意：天气太冷了以致于我不愿意离开我的房间。考查so＋adj.＋that结构。
【答案】 so
15．Tom
does
very
well
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
computer
study
and
much
to
my
joy,
Jane
does
no________(bad)
than
Tom.
【解析】 句意：汤姆在计算机研究方面做得很好，使我高兴的是，简并不比汤姆差。从后文的than可判断应用比较级。
【答案】 worse
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The
more
she
learns，the
most
she
wants
to
learn.________
【答案】 most→more
2．She
felt
frightenin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
because
she
didn't
want
to
be
punished.________
【答案】 frightening→frightened
3．It
was
real
dangerous
if
you
didn't
stop
him
from
swimming.________
【答案】 real→really
4．I
advise
you
to
eat
some
fish
because
it
tastes
well.________
【答案】 well→good或nice
5．The
film
made
by
the
famous
director
was
high
thought
of.________
【答案】 high→highly
6．I
learned
that
Osaka
is
the
second
large
city
in
Japan.________
【答案】 large→largest
7．I'm
much
pleas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
to
learn
that
you
are
coming
to
visit
our
school.________
【答案】 much→very
8．As
you
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very
popularly
with
us
Chinese
high
school
students，we'd
like
to
invite
you
to
the
exhibition.________
【答案】 popularly→popular
9．Well，I
like
much
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more
than
one，such
as
painting
and
model
making，but
my
favorite
is
dancing.________
【答案】 去掉much
10．In
some
places
yo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u
may
borrow
as
more
books
as
you
need，but
in
others
you
are
limited
to
a
certain
number
of
books.________
【答案】 more→many
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用适当的介词或括号内词的适当形式填空)
Some
time
ago，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
friend
of
mine，who
worked
in
a
part
of
the
city
I
didn't
know
very
__1__
(good)，invited
me
to
callon
him.
It
took
me
hours
to
get
there
and
I
took
__2__
(greatly)
trouble
to
find
a
proper
spot
to
park
my
car.As
I
was
already
three?quarters
of
an
hour
late，I
parked
my
car
__3__
(quick)．
At
noon，just
as
I
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )leaving
my
friend's
office，it
__4__
(sudden)
struck
me
that
I
had
no
idea
where
I
had
parked
my
car.I
could
hardly
go
up
to
a
policeman
and
tell
him
that
I
had
lost
a
small
green
car
somewhere!
Walking
down
street
__5__
street，I
examined
each
car
__6__
(close)
and
was
very
happy
to
see
a
small
green
car
just
behind
an
old
car.But
how
__7__
(disappoint)
I
was
to
discover
that
though
the
car
was
__8__
(exact)
like
my
own，it
belonged
to
someone
else!
Feeling
quite
__9__
(tire)
now，I
went
off
for
lunch.Some
time
__10__
(late)，I
left
the
restaurant
and
walked
down
the
street.
Turning
the
corner，I
nearly
jumped
for
joy:
my
car
was
right
in
front
of
me，and
there
was
no
problem
this
time.
【答案】 1.well 2.gr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat 3.quickly 4.suddenly 5.after 6.closely 7.disappointed 8.exactly 9.tired 10.later(共15张PPT)
第十一讲
名词性从句
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 名词性从句的分类
【考点2】 名词性从句的用法
项目
类别
连接词、关系词或引导词
例句
注意事项
主
语
从
句
连接代词：who，what，which等。连接副词：where，when，how，why。从属连词：that，whether。
1.What
you
have
said
is
reasonable.
2.Whether
you
will
come
or
not
doesn't
matter.
3.It's
known
to
all
that
he
is
a
novelist.
4.It's
necessary
that
you
should
tell
him
about
it.
1.that所引导的主语从句可以放在句子后面，用it作形式主语。
2.在it
is
a
pity，it
is
difficult，it
is
necessary，it
is
no
wonder等结构后的主语从句中常用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，表达“应该”“竟然”的意思。
宾
语
从
句
连接代词：who，what，which等。连接副词：where，when，how，why。从属连词：that，whether。
1.They
are
discussing
what
they
will
do
today.
2.She
asked
me
how
he
could
learn
English
well.
3.I
think
it
necessary
that
he
should
try
again.
4.I
insisted
that
she
(should)go
there
right
away.
5.I
don't
doubt
that
he
will
pass
the
test.
1.如果主句是现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；如果主句是过去时，那么宾语从句一定要用过去时态。
2.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
3.主语的谓语动词是及物动词feel，see，hear，find，think，make等，可以用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在补足语之后。
4.当主句的谓语是suggest，demand，insist等动词时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用原形或should＋动词原形。
5.当及物动词doubt接宾语从句，主句为否定句或疑问句，用连词that；主句为肯定句时，用连词if/whether。
表
语
从
句
连接代词：who，what，which等。
连接副词：
where，when，how，why。
从属连词：
that，whether，as
if。
1.The
problem
is
who
can
go
and
fetch
it.
2.That
is
why
I
was
late
yesterday.
3.This
is
what
he
told
me.
4.He
looks
as
if
he
has
known
the
news.
表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词基本一样，表语从句还可以用as
if，as
though引导。
同位
语从
句
连接代词：who，what，whose等。
连接副词：
where，when，how。从属连词：that，whether。
1.He
has
told
us
the
news
that
he
won
the
first
prize.
2.We
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back.
3.There
is
no
doubt
that
he
is
fit
for
the
job.
同位语从句一般跟在一些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用来说明名词具体所指的内容，常用的名词有news，idea，order，fact，promise，belief，doubt，truth，question，report，fear，proof，thought等。
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，24)Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.________you
can
do
helps.
【解析】 句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“________you
can
do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything
that)。
【答案】 Whatever
2．(2016·北京卷，29)The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is________one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
【解析】 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。本题考查表语从句。“________one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust”为表语从句，该从句中不缺少成分，意思完整，故用that引导该表语从句。
【答案】 that
3．(2016·天津卷，11)The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
________
we
should
have
an
assistant.There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
【解析】 句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。本题考查同位语从句。“________we
should
have
an
assistant”为同位语从句，说明suggestion的内容，用that引导该同位语从句。that只起连接作用，不作成分。
【答案】 that
4．(2016·江苏卷，21)It
is
often
the
case
________anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
【解析】 句意：对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说，发生任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“________anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope”为真正的主语；该从句结构完整，故由that引导。
【答案】 that
5．(2015·重庆卷，8)We
must
find
out
________
Karl
is
coming，so
we
can
book
a
room
for
him.
【解析】 句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。“________
Karl
is
coming”为宾语从句，作动词短语find
out的宾语，该从句中缺少时间状语，故答案为when。
【答案】 when
6．(2015·安徽卷，25)A
ship
in
harbor
is
safe，but
that's
not
________
ships
are
built
for.
【解析】 句意：在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。“________
ships
are
built
for”为表语从句，该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。
【答案】 what
7．(2015·福建卷，29)—I
wonder
________
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
—By
working
out
every
day.
【解析】 句意：——我想知道这些年来玛丽是如何保持体形的。——通过每天锻炼身体。“____
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语，故答案为how。
【答案】 how
8．(2015·湖南卷，26)You
have
to
know
________
you're
going
if
you
are
to
plan
the
best
way
of
getting
there.
【解析】 句意：如果你要计划到那里的最好路线，你就得知道你将要往哪儿走。“________
you're
going”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为where。
【答案】 where
9．(2015·陕西卷，19)Reading
her
biography，I
was
lost
in
admiration
for
________
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
【解析】 句意：读着她的自传，我沉浸在对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上获得的成就的崇拜之中。“________
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。
【答案】 what
10．(2015·四川卷，8)The
exhibition
tells
us
________
we
should
do
something
to
stop
air
pollution.
【解析】 句意：这个展览告诉我们为什么我们应该做一些事情来阻止空气污染。“________
we
should
do
something
to
stop
air
pollution”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少原因状语，故答案为why。
【答案】 why(共14张PPT)
第二讲
名词
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例
复合词变复数以中心名词为主
film goer＋s爱看电影的人
sister＋s in law姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳
passer＋s by过路人
grown up＋s成年人
部分名词在固定词组中用复数
thanks
to幸亏，由于；shake
hands
with与……握手；make
preparations
for为……做准备
单复数同形
deer鹿，Chinese中国人，
sheep羊，means方法，
series系列，species种类，
aircraft飞机
复数形式单数概念
maths数学，politics政治，crossroads十字路口
【考点2】 不可数名词
抽象名词
具体化
(2)有些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别。
drink饮料→two
drinks两杯饮料
coffee咖啡→a
coffee一杯咖啡
ice冰→two
ices两份冰淇淋
tea茶→two
teas两杯茶
(3)有些不可数名词变成复数形式可以表示特别的意义
paper纸—papers报纸，文件
look看—looks外表
condition状况—conditions形势，情况
time时间—times时代
arm手臂—arms武器
manner态度—manners礼貌
regard注意—give
regards
to问候……
glass玻璃—glasses眼镜
hair头发—hairs几根头发
【考点3】 名词所有格
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加
's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
1．'s所有格的构成
单数名词在末尾加's
the
boy's
father；Jack's
book；her
son in law's
photo
复数
名词
一般在末尾加'
the
teachers'
room；the
twins'
mother
不规则复数名词加's
the
children's
toys；women's
rights
以s结尾的人名所有格加's或者'
Dickens'
novels；Charles's
job；the
Smiths'
house
表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加's
Japan's
and
America's
problems；Jane's
and
Mary's
bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加's
Japan
and
America's
problems；Jane
and
Mary's
father
表示“某人家”“店铺”所有格后名词常有省略
the
doctor's；the
barber's；the
tailor's；my
uncle's
2.of所有格的用法
(1)用于无生命的东西：the
legs
of
the
chair；the
cover
of
the
book。
(2)用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the
classrooms
of
the
first year
students。
(3)用于名词化的词：the
struggle
of
the
oppressed。
【考点4】 名词作定语
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，4)It
is
important
to
pay
your
_______(electric)
bill
on
time，as
late
payments
may
affect
your
credit.
【解析】 句意：按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名词作定语。名词作定语时，常用其单数形式，故答案为electricity。
【答案】 electricity
2．(2016·江苏卷，24)—Can
you
tell
us
your
recipe
for
________(happy)
and
a
long
life
—Living
every
day
to
the
full，definitely.
【解析】 句意：——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗？——确切地说，就是充实地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式，happiness作“幸福”讲为不可数名词，故答案为happiness。
【答案】 happiness
3．(2016·天津卷，2)The
dictionary
is
out
of
________：many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
【解析】 句意：这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经添加了许多单词。out
of
date过时。
【答案】 date
4．(2015·湖北卷，21)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother，the
boy
lost
his
________
and
had
a
bad
fall.
【解析】 句意：这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡，重重地跌了一跤。根据题干中的“had
a
bad
fall”可推知设空处应为balance。lose
one's
balance失去平衡。
【答案】 balance
5．(2015·湖北卷，22)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
________
(identify)
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
【解析】 句意：在去执行秘密任务的时候，为隐藏自己的身份，他给自己取了一个新名字。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，故答案为identity。identity身份。
【答案】 identity(共18张PPT)
第四讲
代词
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 代词的分类
用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。
分类
代词
人称代词
主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，they
宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，them
物主代词
形容词性：my，your，his，her，its，our，their
名词性：mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs
反身代词
myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，yourselves，themselves，ourselves
指示代词
this，that，these，those，such，so
不定代词
one，some，any，each，none，all，both，neither，either，other，another，no，many，much，(a)few，(a)little，something，anything，nothing，everything
相互代词
each
other，one
another
疑问代词
who，whom，whose，which，what
whoever，whichever，whatever
连接代词
who，whom，whose，which，what
whoever，whichever，whatever
关系代词
that，which，who，whom，whose，as
【考点2】 常考代词的用法
1．both，all，either，any，neither，none
指代范围
代词
用法
两者
both
意为“两者都”，是对两者的肯定
either
意为“(两者中)任一个”，表示二选一
neither
意为“都不”，是对两者的否定
三者或三
者以上
all
意为“全部”，指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
any
意为“任何一个”，指代或修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词
none
意为“全无，没有一点”，指代可数名词复数或不可数名词
指物或人，其后可接表示范围的of...
回答how
many/how
much的提问
no
one
其后不接表示范围的of...
意为“没有人”，只指人
回答who的提问
He
is
good
at
both
English
and
French.
You
can
take
either
of
the
pictures，whichever
you
like.
It
was
a
game
in
which
neither
team
would
win.
Neither
of
us
could
understand
Geman.
All
are
happy
to
know
the
news.
Phone
me
any
day
next
week.
We
had
three
cats
once
but
none
(of
them)
is
alive
now.
No
one
knows
the
answer.
—How
many
of
you
have
been
to
the
Great
Wall
—None.
2．other，another
两者都意为“另一个”。other适用于两者的范围；another适用于三者或三者以上的范围。
代词
用法
other
与定冠词连用后独立使用，或修饰可数名词单、复数，修饰可数名词复数时相当于the
others
直接修饰名词，修饰可数名词复数时相当于others
another
独立使用或修饰可数名词单数
后接大于一的基数词或接few后再接可数名词复数
Before
the
game，both
sides
said
they
would
beat
the
other.
Don't
cut
in
when
others
speak.
We
still
have
to
get
another
five
chairs
and
some
fresh
flowers.
3．everything，something，anything，nothing
代词
用法
something
意为“某事，某物”，用在肯定句中或表示建议、请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中
anything
意为“某事物”，用在否定句或疑问句中
意为“任何事物”，用在肯定句中
everything
意为“每件事物，所有事物”，强调整体，用在否定句中，表示部分否定
nothing
意为“没有任何东西，没有事”，表示全部否定
I
have
something
important
to
tell
him.
Do
you
want
anything
from
the
shops
He
is
always
helping
people
without
expecting
anything
in
return.
Do
you
have
everything
ready
for
the
party，Mary
If
there
is
nothing
to
do，I
wonder
if
I
can
ask
for
a
leave.
4．it/they/them，that/those，one/ones
代词
用法
it/they/them
指代上文提到的同一事物，复数用they/them
that/those
that特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词，只指物，通常有范围限定。
复数those相当于the
ones，只指可数名词复数，可指人也可指物
one/ones
泛指同类异物的可数名词单数用one，复数用ones
There
is
a
tall
tree
in
front
of
the
house
and
it
is
about
500
years
old.
The
weather
here
is
much
better
than
that
in
Beijing.
Usually
there
might
be
a
lot
of
accidents
in
the
heavy
fog.
I
happened
to
have
witnessed
one
this
morning.
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，3)In
many
ways，the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from________in
the
UK.
【解析】 句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查替代词。首先将原句改为：In
many
ways，the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
the
education
system
in
the
UK.然后考虑用that代替特指的单数名词。
【答案】 that
2．(2015·浙江卷，12)How
would
you
like
________
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you
【解析】 句意：如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目，而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关上，你觉得怎样？表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that、if或when引导的从句。
【答案】 it
3．(2015·重庆卷，2)The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September，but
________
knows
the
date
for
sure.
【解析】 句意：会议将在9月份召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。
【答案】 nobody
4．(2015·陕西卷，13)To
warm
himself，the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
the
________.
【解析】 句意：为了使自己暖和，那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the
other两者中的另一个。
【答案】 other
5．(2015·四川卷，10)Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas，but
________
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
【解析】 句意：妮基总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知，没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都没。
【答案】 none(共20张PPT)
第三讲
介词和介词短语
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 介词
1．表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near
介词
用法
例句
at
一般指在较小的地方
I
met
him
at
the
shop.
in
一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内
They
arrived
in
Beijing
yesterday.
Shandong
Province
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
on
一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域
The
picture
is
hanging
on
the
wall.
Mongolia
is
on
the
north
of
China.
to
表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两位置
Shandong
Province
is
to
the
southeast
of
Hebei
Province.
beside/by
“在……的旁边”
She
was
standing
beside
her
mother.
There
is
a
small
house
by
the
river.
near
“接近；靠近”
There
is
a
supermarket
near
my
home.
2.表示方位的between和among
介词
用法
例句
between
在两者或每两者之间
I
sat
down
between
Sue
and
Jane.
among
在三者或三者以上之间
The
teacher
was
standing
among
the
students.
3.表示方位的across，through，over和past
介词
用法
例句
across
从……的表面穿过
He
walked
across
the
square
to
meet
us.
through
从……的内部穿过
The
guide
led
us
through
the
forest.
over
从……的上面跨过
The
thief
jumped
over
the
fence
and
fled
away.
past
从……的旁边经过
She
walked
past
the
shop.
4.表示时间的介词
(1)表示“在……”的at，in，on
①at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。
at
9：00；at
noon；at
daybreak；at
Christmas
②in表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚。
in
the
21st
century；in
September：in
the
morning
③on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
on
2nd，September；on
the
morning
of
1st，May
(2)表示“在……之后”的after，in
“after＋一段时间”在过去时句子中作时间状语，相当于“一段时间＋later”；“in＋一段时间”在将来时句子中作时间状语，指离说话时多长时间以后。
He
returned
home
after
a
week(a
week
later)．
They
will
come
to
visit
us
in
a
week.
注意：“after＋时间点”可在将来时态的句子中作时间状语；“in＋时间段”表示“在……长时间之内”时，可用于完成时或过去时的句子中。
I
will
attend
a
meeting
after
two
o'clock.
In
the
last
10
years，great
changes
have
taken
place
in
this
village.
(3)表示时间段的for，since
①“for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语。
He
has
lived
in
the
small
village
for
five
years.
I
studied
in
Shandong
University
for
4
years.
②“since＋时间点”意为“自从……”，作完成时态句子的时间状语。
I
haven't
heard
from
him
since
three
years
ago.
He
has
been
waiting
here
since
2
o'clock.
5．其他介词
(1)表示交通方式的by，in，on
“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in，on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。
He
goes
to
work
by
car
every
day.
He
goes
to
work
in
his
car
every
day.
(2)表示“用……”的by，in，with
by侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。
He
earned
his
living
by
selling
newspapers.
Please
write
the
answer
in
ink.
They
are
digging
with
spades.
(3)表示“除……外”的except，except
for，besides
except表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；except
for后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的；besides表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的。
All
my
friends
took
part
in
the
party
except
John.
His
composition
is
good
except
for
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
He
has
learned
German，French
besides
English.
【考点2】 介词短语
介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常考的有：
at
dawn at
daybreak in
case
(of)
at
table
far
from
free
from
by
the
way
be
fond
of
be
tired
of
be
proud
of
answer/key
to
next
to
be
similar
to
due
to
thanks
to
be
popular
with
apart
from
instead
of
regardless
of
in
detail
in
general
on
purpose
above
all
in
all
after
all
in
terms
of
in
need
of
in
favor
of
in
return
in
short
in
place
of
in
search
of
for
fear
of
in
exchange
for
in
addition
to
in
spite
of
in
vain
beyond
reach
beyond
description
on
account
of
in
a
way
in
particular
in
charge
of
as
a
result
of
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，6)That
young
man
is
honest，cooperative，always
there
when
you
need
his
help.______short，he's
reliable.
【解析】 句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得信赖的。in
short简言之。
【答案】 In
2．(2016·浙江卷，7)The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up________influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
the
world
around
us.
【解析】 句意：这项研究表明我们成长的文化环境影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。“we
grow
up________”为定语从句，先行词为the
cultures，将先行词代入定语从句后为：We
grow
up
in
the
cultures.故设空处填介词in。
【答案】 in
3．(2015·浙江卷，3)Have
you
ever
heard
of
the
trees
that
are
homes
________
animals
both
on
land
and
sea
【解析】 句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be
home
to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地”。
【答案】 to
4．(2015·重庆卷，10)Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record，with
global
temperature
0.68℃
________
the
average.
【解析】 句意：去年是有史以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在……之上，高于”，所以要用介词above。
【答案】 above
5．(2015·江苏卷，34)Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
________
Thomas
Edison.
【解析】 句意：要不是托马斯·爱迪生，现在让我们获益的许多东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案为for。but
for要不是。
【答案】 for
6．(2015·安徽卷，33)They
believe
that
there
are
transport
developments
________
the
corner
that
will
bring
a
lot
of
changes
for
the
better.
【解析】 句意：他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。around
the
corner就要到来。
【答案】 around
7．(2015·福建卷，22)A
common
memory
they
all
have
________
their
school
days
is
the
school
uniform.
【解析】 句意：他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本句包含一个定语从句“they
all
have
________
their
school
days”，将先行词memory代入定语从句后为：They
all
have
a
common
memory
________
their
school
days.由此可见设空处填of。of可用于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象。
【答案】 of
8．(2015·福建卷，32)Human
life
is
regarded
as
part
of
nature
and，as
such，the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
in
harmony
________
nature.
【解析】 句意：人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，同样，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。in
harmony
with与……协调。
【答案】 with
9．(2015·湖北卷，30)This
meeting
room
is
a
non?smoking
area.I
would
like
to
warn
you
________
advance
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
【解析】 句意：这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你，如果你在这儿吸烟，就会被罚款。in
advance提前，事先。
【答案】 in
10．(2015·陕西卷，12)The
little
pupil
took
his
grandma
________
the
arm
and
walked
her
across
the
street.
【解析】 句意：那个小学生搀着奶奶的手臂送她过了马路。take
sb.by
the
arm搀着某人的手臂。此处的by表示“抓着(物体或身体的某个部位)”。
【答案】 by(共29张PPT)
第十讲
时态·语态
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 重要时态
(Ⅰ)
一般现在时
具体用法
例句
注意事项
1.表示经常、习惯性的动作和现在的状态或特征，经常与often，always，usually，sometimes等时间状语连用。
2.客观事实、普遍真理。
3.表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，主要用于come，go，start，begin，leave，return等瞬间动词。
构成：除单数第三人称加-s外，其他均用动词原形(be例外)
1.They
go
to
work
at
8
a．m.every
day.
2.The
moon
moves
around
the
earth.
3.The
train
leaves
for
Shanghai
tomorrow.
4.There
goes
the
bell.
5.I'll
tell
him
about
it
if
he
comes
here
tomorrow.
1.用在某些表达法中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.用在时间、条件状语从句中。
(Ⅱ)现在进行时
1.说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作或状态，常与now等时间状语连用。
2.表示感彩。构成：am/is/are＋doing
1.Tom
is
studying
at
his
desk.
2.Mary
is
always
helping
others.
3.Is
Jack
coming
here
tomorrow？
现在进行时表示将来，意为“意图、打算、安排”，常用于人，常用的词为：come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
(Ⅲ)一般将来时
表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next
time等时间状语连用。
1.shall/will＋
do
2.am/is/are
going
to＋do
3.am/is/are
to＋do
4.am/is/are
about
to＋do
1.This
afternoon
we
shall
have
a
meeing.
2.I'm
going
to
see
a
doctor.
3.They
are
to
be
here
by
Sunday.
4.We
are
about
to
start.
shall用在第一人称，will用在第二和第三人称。
注意：will＋动词原形
1．(按自然规律)必然会……
2．表示事先未考虑的意图
3．表示说话人认为、相信，希望、假定(在遥远的)将来要发生的事
4．(科技中)表示事物的倾向性或规律性
5．用在正式的天气预报中be
going
to
do...
6．(事先考虑)打算，决定做……
7．某种客观迹象预示即将会……
8．(用于条件句表将来)打算……be
to
do...
9．(按计划、安排)打算；将要做
10．(按命令、指示、约定、要求、职责、义务等)必须、必要、应该做，相当于should，ought
to，must，have
to
11．表示后来命运注定会发生……
12．(用于条件句)想；想要做……
be
about
to
do即将，正要做(不与时间状语连用，意同be
on
the
point
of
doing)
(Ⅳ)现在完成时
1.表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。
2.表示动作发生在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在，常与since和for连用。构成：have/has＋done
1.Mary
has
just
returned.
2.Tom
has
been
ill
for
two
days.
3.It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
visited
the
Great
Wall.
在特殊句型“It/This
is
the...time
that...”句型中，从句中用现在完成时。
(Ⅴ)一般过去时
1.表示过去的动作或状态。
2.表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作或过去曾经存在过的状态。构成：动词用过去式
1.He
stayed
up
late
last
night.
2.Mr
Brown
used
to
get
up
early.
used
to＋do表示过去经常做但现在已不再持续的习惯动作，to为不定式，后接动词原形。
(Ⅵ)过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。构成：
was/were＋doing
1.I
was
reading
a
novel
when
my
father
came
in.
2.They
were
eager
to
know
when
they
were
leaving
for
America.
表示动作的动词，如come，start，stay，leave等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。
(Ⅶ)过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。构成：had＋done
1.Tom
had
learned
a
little
Chinese
before
he
came
to
China.
2.He
said
that
the
city
had
changed
greatly
since
he
left.
3.I
had
turned
off
the
lights
before
I
left
the
room.
有时尽管两个动作有先有后，但它们之间的时间间隔短，往往没必要用过去完成时。
注意：过去完成时还可用于以下情景：
过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构的动词有hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等。
This
was/It
was
the
first/second...time＋that从句，that从句用过去完成时。
It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since从句。since
从句中用一般过去时，如果把is改为was，则since从句用过去完成时。
hardly...when...；no
sooner...than...句式中hardly，no
sooner所在句子用过去完成时，when和than从句中用过去时，表示“一……就……”。
【考点2】 动词的语态
动词的被动语态(以tell为例)
②主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
情况
例句
1.当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。
Mary
can
teach
herself
advanced
maths.
2.当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时。
Does
this
pair
of
trousers
suit
you？
3.当谓语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、程度、大小时。
This
elephant
weighs
one
ton.
4.当宾语是不定式或动名词时。
We
enjoy
watching
TV
in
the
evening.
5.感官动词表示状态或结果时。
The
dish
tastes
delicious.
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，21)Jack________(work)
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
【解析】 句意：杰克正在实验室工作，这时停电了。本题考查“be
doing
sth.when...”句型。根据题干中的occurred(一般过去时)，可知设空处用过去进行时。
【答案】 was
working
2．(2016·北京卷，23)—Excuse
me，which
movie
are
you
waiting
for
—The
new
Star
Wars.We________(wait)
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
【解析】 句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪部电影？——新拍的《星球大战》。我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。本题考查动词的时态。设空处表示该动作从两个多小时前一直持续到说话时，而且可能持续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 have
been
waiting
3．(2016·北京卷，25)I________(read)
half
of
the
English
novel，and
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
【解析】 句意：这本英文小说我已经读了一半了，我将尽力在周末把它读完。根据句意可知，动作read发生在过去，对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时。
【答案】 have
read
4．(2016·江苏卷，29)Dashan，who________(learn)
crosstalk，the
Chinese
comedic
tradition，for
decades，wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand－up
tradition.
【解析】
句意：大山学习中国传统喜剧形式——相声已经几十年了，他想把它与西方的单口喜剧传统结合起来。根据句意以及for
decades可知，学习这一动作从过去一直延续到了现在，并且现在还在进行，故用现在完成进行时；主语Dashan为第三人称单数，故为has
been
learning。
【答案】 has
been
learning
5．(2016·浙江卷，9)Silk________(become)
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
【解析】 句意：到大约公元前100年丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路交易的主要货物之一。根据句中的时间状语by
about
100
BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
【答案】 had
become
6．(2016·北京卷，30)The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts________(reward)
with
success
in
the
end.
【解析】 句意：学生们一直都很努力学习功课，最终回报他们的将是成功。根据语境可知设空处需用一般将来时；their
efforts与reward之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述，答案应为一般将来时的被动语态。
【答案】 will
be
rewarded
7．(2016·江苏卷，22)More
efforts，as
reported，________(make)
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply－side
structural
reform.
【解析】 句意：据报道，为了加速供给侧结构改革，在今后几年将做出更大的努力。根据in
the
years
ahead并结合句意可知，动作发生在将来，故用一般将来时；主语more
efforts与make为被动关系，故用被动语态。
【答案】 will
be
made
8．(2015·湖南卷，25)I
wasn't
able
to
hide
my
eagerness
when
I
________
(ask)，“What
do
you
wish
me
to
do
now？”
【解析】 句意：当我问：“你现在想要我做什么？”的时候，我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。根据题干中“wasn't”可知此处为一般过去时态。
【答案】 asked
9．(2015·湖南卷，28)He
must
have
sensed
that
I
________
(look)
at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly，“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that？”
【解析】 句意：他一定是感觉到了我在看他，他突然瞥了我一眼，然后轻声说道：“你为什么那样盯着我？”根据语境可知此处为过去进行时态。
【答案】 was
looking
10．(2015·陕西卷，22)Marty
________
(work)
really
hard
on
his
book
and
he
thinks
he'll
have
finished
it
by
Friday.
【解析】 句意：马蒂在他的这本书上确实很用功，他觉得周五前就可以完成了。根据语境可知设空处用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 has
been
working
11．(2015·重庆卷，1)—Is
Peter
coming
—No，he
________
(change)
his
mind
after
a
phone
call
at
the
last
minute.
【解析】 句意：——彼得要来吗？——不来了，在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了主意。考查动词时态。根据语境可知“改变主意”应该发生在对话前的某一时间，即在过去的某一时间，故用一般过去时。
【答案】 changed
12．(2015·天津卷，9)Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks，no
agreement
________
(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
【解析】 句意：尽管之前进行了多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意见。考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干中的时间状语“so
far”可知此处应该用现在完成时，而agreement与谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
【答案】 has
been
reached
13．(2015·北京卷，22)—Did
you
enjoy
the
party
—Yes.We
________
(treat)
well
by
our
hosts.
【解析】 句意：——你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗？——是的，我们被主人们招待得很好。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词treat之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时态的被动语态形式。
【答案】 were
treated
14．(2015·安徽卷，29)It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
________
(build)
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
【解析】 句意：据报道，一个太空站将在未来的几年内在月球上建立。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语“in
years
to
come”及“space
station”和“build”之间为被动关系可知这里用一般将来时态的被动语态。
【答案】 will
be
built
15．(2015·福建卷，26)To
my
delight，I
________
(choose)
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
【解析】 句意：使我高兴的是，在数以百计的申请者中，我被选出来参加开幕式。本题考查时态和语态。主语I与choose为被动关系，设空处需用被动语态；又因为本题介绍的是过去的一种情况应用一般过去时，故用一般过去时态的被动语态形式。
【答案】 was
chosen
16．(2015·湖南卷，32)I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy，but
________
(hold)
back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
【解析】 句意：当时我有一种强烈的愿望想要把手伸进去玩那个玩具，但是幸好被商店橱窗阻隔了。根据题干中的“had
a
strong
desire(一般过去时)”可推知设空处需用一般过去时；主语I与hold
back之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
【答案】 was
held
17．(2015·四川卷，4)More
expressways
________
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
【解析】 句意：四川很快会建更多的高速公路来促进当地经济的发展。根据题干中的“soon”可知设空处用一般将来时，expressways与build为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
【答案】 will
be
built第九讲
非谓语动词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The
comments
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )expert
made
concerning
stock
market
bothered
Bill
greatly，________(make)
him
sleepless
all
night.
【解析】 句意：专家关于股市的评论让比尔整夜无眠。现在分词作结果状语，表自然的结果。
【答案】 making
2．Scientists
have
crea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted
the
world's
smallest
“snowman”，________(measure)
about
a
fifth
of
the
width
of
a
human
hair.
【解析】 句意：科学家建造
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了世界上最小的“雪人”，它大约是人类头发五分之一的宽度。现在分词作定语，相当于一个主动语态的定语从句，意即：which
measures...。
【答案】 measuring
3．According
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
a
survey________(conduct)
recently
in
Shanghai,
the
city
is
facing
a
workforce
shortage
of
150,000
personnel.
【解析】 句意：根据最近在上海所开展的一项调
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查，该城市正面临150
000人劳动力短缺。过去分词作定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，意即：which
was
conducted...。
【答案】 conducted
4．All
along
the
way
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
the
tourist
destination,
he
would
sometimes
slow
down
the
car________(make)
sure
if
we
were
going
the
right
way.
【解析】 句意：在前往旅游目的地的路上，他有时会减速以确保我们所走的路是正确的。不定式用来作目的状语。
【答案】 to
make
5．At
the
entrance
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
hall
hangs
a
picture
of
an
elegant
and
graceful
old
woman，________(seat)
smiling
at
everyone
passing
her.
【解析】 句意：大厅入口处挂着一幅画像，画
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中一位优雅的老妇人坐在那里对每个经过她的人微笑着。seat用作动词时是及物动词，只可用过去分词形式，表示“就坐的状态”。
【答案】 seated
6．________(import)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
from
other
countries,
sand
painting
is
now
being
recognized
in
China
for
its
uniqueness
and
creativity.
【解析】 句意：沙画从别的国家引入中国之后，因为它的独一无二和创造性而被大家逐渐所认识。现在分词作状语，因为是被引进的，故应用被动形式。
【答案】 Being
imported/Having
been
imported
7．Earth
is
believe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
to________(hit)
by
an
object
the
size
of
Mars
at
some
point
in
the
distant
past
before
its
surface
cooled.
【解析】 句意：人们认为地
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )球在遥远的过去，其表面冷却之前某一时刻，曾经受到火星大小的物体的袭击。hit这个动作发生在谓语is
believed之前，因此应用不定式的完成时；因为是被袭击，应用被动形式。
【答案】 have
been
hit
8．Do
you
expect
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re________(be)
a
possibility
that
we
shall
be
able
to
afford
the
furniture
we
need
【解析】 句意：你觉得我们有可能买得起我们
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所需要的家具吗？expect后只可用不定式作宾语，不可用动词的－ing形式，本句是there
be句型的变体形式。
【答案】 to
be
9．China
is
known________(change)
greatly
in
terms
of
its
cultural
values
over
the
past
few
years.
【解析】 句意：众所周知，中国在过去的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )几年里在文化价值观方面发生了很大的变化。不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作在谓语动作(is
known)之前发生。
【答案】 to
have
changed
10．Great
efforts
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
increase
agricultural
production
must
be
made
if
food
shortage________(be)
avoided.
【解析】 句意：如果食物短缺的问题要得到
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )避免，必须做出巨大的努力来增加农业生产。“be＋to
do”结构可用来表示“想要做……/根据计划，安排做……”；又因为是在if引导的条件状语从句里，所以用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
【答案】 is
to
be
11．The
airpor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
________
(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
【答案】 to
be
completed
12．At
the
party
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，the
pretty
girl
wore
a
very
attractive
skirt
to
make
herself
________
(notice)．
【答案】 noticed
13．________
(surround)
by
beautiful
green
mountains
and
located
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Lu
makes
it
a
famous
tourist
attraction.
【答案】 Being
surrounded
14．With
several
proble
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms
________
(remain)
to
be
solved，we
still
needed
to
hold
another
meeting
as
soon
as
possible.
【答案】 remaining
15．________
(dis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )appoint)
at
the
way
he
had
been
treated
in
the
hotel，John
complained
to
the
manager.
【答案】 Disappointed
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Look，some
lovely
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children
were
seen
ride
the
bikes
on
the
playground.________
【答案】 ride→riding
2．Get
up
late
is
a
bad
habit
and
it
affects
your
studies.________
【答案】 Get→Getting
3．Everything
tak
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
into
consideration，they
ought
to
have
another
chance.________
【答案】 taking→taken
4．Over
1,000
pati
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents
suffered
from
eye
problems
have
received
medical
treatment.________
【答案】 suffered→suffering
5．When
asking
what
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )they
needed
most，they
said
they
wanted
to
learn
a
little
English.________
【答案】 asking→asked
6．I
took
a
variety
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
pictures
show
the
present
pollution
conditions
of
our
city.________
【答案】 show→showing
7．There
are
sev
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eral
ways
to
improving
our
English
writing
skills.________
【答案】 improving→improve
8．When
Mr.Baker
came
over，Tom
pretended
to
reading
his
books.________
【答案】 在to后加be
9．If
you
want
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
make
a
cake，making
sure
that
you
have
got
ingredients
like
eggs，flour
and
sugar
ready！________
【答案】 making→make
10．He
went
on
talk
ab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out
the
accident
even
though
no
one
was
listening.________
【答案】 talk→talking
Ⅲ.语篇填空
American
popular
musi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c
is
played
all
over
the
world.People
of
all
ages
in
all
countries
enjoy
__1__(listen)to
it.The
reasons
for
__2__
popularity
are
its
fast
pace
and
rhythmic
beat.The
music
has
many
origins
in
the
United
States.Country
music，__3__(come)from
the
rural
areas
in
the
southern
United
States，is
one
source.Many
people
appreciate
this
music
because
of
the
emotions
__4__(express)by
country
music
songs.
A
second
origin
of
A
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )merican
popular
music
is
the
blues.It
described
mostly
sad
feelings
__5__(reflect)the
difficult
lives
of
American
blacks.It
is
usually
played
and
sung
by
black
musicians，but
it
is
popular
with
all
Americans.
Rock
music
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
newer
form
of
music.This
music
style
was
known
__6__
rock
and
roll
in
the
1950's.Since
then
there
__7__(be)many
forms
of
rock
music，hard
rock，soft
rock，punk
rock，disco
music
and
others.Many
__8__(perform)of
popular
rock
music
are
young
musicians.
People
hear
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )these
songs
__9__(sing)in
their
original
English
or
sometimes
translated
to
other
languages.The
words
may
differ
__10__
the
enjoyment
of
the
music
is
universal.
1．【解析】 考查非谓语。enjoy后用动名词形式作宾语。
【答案】 listening
2．【解析】 考查代词。指代“American
popular
music的”，表示所属关系用物主代词。
【答案】 its
3．【解析】 考查非谓语。现在分词短语作后置定语。
【答案】 coming
4．【解析】 考查非谓语。过去分词短语作后置定语。
【答案】 expressed
5．【解析】 考查非谓语。现在分词短语作后置定语，此处feelings与reflect之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词表主动。
【答案】 reflecting
6．【解析】 考查介词。be
known
as意为“被称作”。
【答案】 as
7．【解析】 考查谓语动词时态。由时间状语Since
then可知要用现在完成时。
【答案】 have
been
8．【解析】 考查词类转
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )换。动词perform加后缀?er转换为名词performer，根据表语部分young
musicians可知用复数形式。
【答案】 performers
9．【解析】 考查非谓语。因歌曲是“被唱”的，用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动。
【答案】 sung
10．【解析】 考查连词。此处存在转折关系，用but/yet连接。
【答案】 but/yet(共18张PPT)
第十三讲
状语从句
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 状语从句的分类
【考点2】 because，for，as，since的区别
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，35)I
am
not
afraid
of
tomorrow，________I
have
seen
yesterday
and
I
love
today.
【解析】 句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知，前后分句为因果关系，故答案为for。
【答案】 for
2．(2016·北京卷，27)My
grandfather
still
plays
tennis
now
and
then，________he's
in
his
nineties.
【解析】 句意：尽管我的爷爷九十多岁了，他仍时常打网球。本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意可知空格处应填even
though/even
if/although。
【答案】 even
though/even
if/although
3．(2016·北京卷，33)I
really
enjoy
listening
to
music________it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
【解析】 句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它可以帮助我放松并使我不操心一天中的其他事。本题考查原因状语从句。空格前后为因果关系，故答案为because或as。
【答案】 because/as
4．(2016·天津卷，7)________
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases，there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.
【解析】 句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。考查状语从句。根据句意可知此处应用as引导状语从句。
【答案】 As
5．(2016·浙江卷，5)________online
shopping
has
changed
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
【解析】 句意：虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。考查状语从句。根据句意可知用While/Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
【答案】 While/Although/Though
6．(2015·安徽卷，34)________
he
once
felt
like
giving
up，he
now
has
the
determination
to
push
further
and
keep
on
going.
【解析】 句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有决心进一步推进并且坚持下去了。根据句意可知用Where。
【答案】 Where
7．(2015·福建卷，31)________
the
students
came
from
different
countries，they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
【解析】 句意：虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。根据句意可知用Although/Though/While。
【答案】 Although/Though/While
8．(2015·湖南卷，33)________
the
job
takes
a
significant
amount
of
time，most
students
agree
that
the
experience
is
worth
it.
【解析】 句意：虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。根据句意可知用Although/Though/While。
【答案】 Although/Though/While
9．(2015·陕西卷，20)I
believe
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time
here
________
you
get
to
know
everyone
else.
【解析】 句意：我相信一旦/如果你认识了其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很开心。根据语境可知用once/if。
【答案】 once/if
10．(2015·四川卷，6)There
is
only
one
more
day
to
go
________
your
favorite
music
group
play
live.
【解析】 句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。根据句意可知用before。
【答案】 before
11．(2015·重庆卷，4)If
you
miss
this
chance，it
may
be
years
________
you
get
another
one.
【解析】 句意：如果你错过了这次机会，那可能要等到多年之后才能再次获得机会。此处为固定句式it
may
be＋一段时间＋before...。
【答案】 before(共38张PPT)
第六讲
情态动词
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 can的用法
1．(表示能力、功能)能，会
The
classroom
can
seat
thirty
students.
这教室能坐三十位学生。
Jane
can
drive
now.
琼现在会开车了。
2．(表示理论上的可能性)可能，可能会
Jogging
can
be
harmful
to
the
health.
慢跑也可能会对健康有害。
The
temperature
in
the
north
of
Canada
can
fall
to
－60℃.
加拿大北部的气温有时能达到零下60摄氏度。
3．can用于否定句意为“不可能”
It
can't
be
Lucy，for
she
doesn't
wear
glasses.
那不可能是露西，她不戴眼镜。
4．表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Can
this
be
true？这是真的么？
How
can
you
be
so
rude？你怎么能这么粗鲁？
What
can
it
possibly
be？到底那是怎么一回事？
5．cannot
but
do
sth.不得不、只好
I
couldn't
but
choose
to
go.我只好去。
6．cannot...too/enough无论……也不过分；越……越好
You
can't
be
too
careful
while
driving.
开车时越小心越好。
【考点2】 may和might的用法
1．表许可
(1)在向对方请求许可时，两者没有时间之分，只是might语气更委婉。
May
I
come
in？我可以进来吗？
Might
I
borrow
your
computer
我可以借一下你的电脑吗？
(2)在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。但不能用might。
—May
I
play
basketball
this
afternoon
今天下午我可以打篮球吗？
—No，you
may
not.不，不行。
2．表推测
①may和might表示可能性时，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测，把握不大。
He
might
be
ill.他或许病了。
He
might
be
studying
in
the
classroom.
他可能正在教室里学习。
②may
well＋动词原形，意为“理应，有足够的理由”。
He
may
well
be
proud
of
his
son.
他大可以他的儿子为荣。
③may(might)as
well＋动词原形，用来建议或劝说某人采取某种行动，有时相当于had
better，常译为“还不如，不妨”。
It's
very
late，so
you
may(might)as
well
go
to
bed.
夜深了，还是去睡吧。
3．表祝愿
用于正规场合或书面语中。
May
you
be
happy
forever!
祝永远快乐！
May
all
your
dreams
come
true!
祝梦想成真。
【考点3】 must的用法
1．表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)
We
must
do
everything
step
by
step.
我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You
mustn't
talk
to
her
like
that.
你不能那样对她说话。
在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have
to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have
to自身有时态的变化形式。
I
have
to
go
now
for
I've
got
a
meeting
15
minutes
later.
我现在必须要走了，因为15分钟后我有个会要开。
He
has
to
be
back
home
by
five
to
fetch
his
son
from
kindergarten.
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他儿子。
注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定回答，不可以用mustn't而需要用needn't或是don't
have
to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。
—Must
we
hand
in
our
exercises
today
我们今天必须交作业吗？
—Yes，you
must.
是的，必须交。
—No，you
needn't(you
don't
have
to)．
不，不必今天交。
2．表示猜测、推测
must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have＋过去分词，表示很有把握的推测。
He
must
be
ill.He
looks
so
pale.
他准是病了。他的脸色看起来很苍白。
I
didn't
see
you
in
class
yesterday.You
must
have
been
absent.
我昨天上课没见着你。你肯定没有来。
3．表示“偏执，固执”
If
you
must，I
can
tell
you
the
truth.
如果你一定要求，我可以告诉你真相。
【考点4】 shall的用法
1．用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall
we
begin
our
class
我们开始上课好吗？
2．用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
I
promised
he
shall
get
a
present
for
his
birthday.
我许诺给他一件生日礼物。
You
shall
not
get
my
support
if
you
do
such
a
thing.
假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。
3．用在主语为条约、规章、法令、文件中表义务或规定意为“应该”。
The
new
regulation
shall
take
effect
on
January
1st.
新条例将于1月1日开始生效。
“The
interest
shall
be
divided
into
four
parts
according
to
the
agreement.”said
the
judge.
法官说：“根据协议收益应分成四部分。”
【考点5】 will和would的用法
1．表示将来的动作或状态。
He
will
go
to
America
tomorrow.
他明天将要去美国。
He
said
he
would
finish
it
on
time.
他说他会按时完成它。
2．表示说话者或主语的意愿，决定，意向。
I
will
do
it.
我将会做这件事。
He
would
never
give
up.
他绝不放弃。
3．will用于一些祈使句的附加疑问句。
Let
us
go
to
the
movies，will
you
让我们去看电影，好吗？
4．表示习惯，经常性，倾向性，惯于，总是(会)，终归是。
would可表示过去的习惯动作。
Boys
will
be
boys.
男孩终归是男孩。
Matches
will
not
strike
if
they
are
damp.
火柴潮湿就擦不着。
Sometimes
we
would
go
to
the
mountains.
有时候我们会到山里去。
5．would可表示客气的请求。
Would
you
pass
me
the
bottle
请你递给我那个瓶子好吗？
6．would可用于虚拟语气，后接动词原形或完成时。
If
I
were
young，I
would
go
traveling.
要是我年轻，我会去旅行。
If
I
had
had
enough
money，I
would
have
bought
the
car.
如果我有足够的钱，我就会买下那部车。
【考点6】 should的用法
1．should表示义务、责任，常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计……”。
Why
should
I
pay
him
为什么我该付给他钱？
They
should
be
there
by
now，I
think.
我估计，他们现在到那儿了。
2．should用于虚拟语气中。
(1)用于It
is
necessary(important，strange...that...)中，在美国英语中should常省去。
It
is
important
that
we(should)learn
English
well.
我们学好英语很重要。
(2)用于It
is
ordered(suggested)that...中，而在美语中should常省去。
It
is
decided
that
we(should)finish
our
work
in
a
week.
我们决定要在一周之内完成我们的工作。
(3)用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句中，在美国英语中should常省去。
He
wrote
a
letter，suggesting
that
Mr.Wang(should)
come
to
Beijing.
他信中建议王先生到北京来。
The
commander
ordered
that
the
city(should)be
taken
in
five
days.
司令员下令必须在五天之内占领这座城市。
(4)should用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的表语从句，同位语从句中，在美国英语中should常省去。
We
all
agreed
to
his
suggestion
that
we(should)go
to
Beijing
for
sightseeing.
我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。
My
idea
is
that
we(should)do
exercises
first.
我的意见是我们先做练习题。
(5)用于if引导的从句中，表示与将来事实可能相反的假设。
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow，we
would
stay
at
home.
如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。
3．在条件状语从句中，should表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。
If
he
should
fail
to
come，ask
Comrade
Chen
to
work
in
his
place.
万一他来不了，就叫陈同志代替他的工作。
Should
it
rain
tomorrow，the
meeting
would
be
put
off.
万一明天下雨，会议就延期。
4．在某些从句中，should表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。
It
seems
unfair
that
this
should
happen
to
me.
真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
5．should用于主句中，主语是第一人称，表示某一条件下所产生的必然结果，并与事实相反；当主语是第二、三人称时，表示说话人或执笔人的意志或看法。
If
I
met
her，I
should
tell
her
about
it.
如果我碰到他，我肯定会将此事告诉他。
If
he
had
much
money，he
should
buy
it.
如果他有很多钱的话，我想他就会买了。
6．用于成语中I
should
like
to...“我想(做)……”
I
should
like
to
ask
the
teacher
a
question.
(＝I
should
love
to
ask
the
teacher
a
question.)
我想问老师一个问题。
should和ought
to都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。
—Ought
he
to
go
—他应该去吗？
—Yes.I
think
he
ought
to.
是的，我想他应该。
【考点7】 need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1．用作情态动词
—Need
I
come？我需要来吗？
—Yes，you
must.是的，需要。
You
needn't
telephone
him
now.
你现在不必打电话给他。
She
dare
not
go
out
alone
at
night.
她晚上不能一个人出去。
Not
one
of
them
dared
mention
this.
他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2．用作实义动词
You
don't
need
to
do
it
yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
We
need
to
tell
them
the
news.
我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The
table
needs
painting(to
be
painted)．
桌子需要油漆一下。
We
should
dare
to
give
our
own
opinion.
我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He
did
not
dare
to
look
up.
他不敢抬头看。
【考点8】 情态动词＋have
done的用法
1．must＋不定式完成式
此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。其否定或疑问形式用can't，而不用mustn't。
He
must
have
been
drunk
to
say
that.
他准是喝醉了才那样说的。
2．should＋不定式完成式
表示本应该做而实际上没有做，其否定式“shouldn't
have
done”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
I
think
he
should
have
tried
to
get
some
more
qualifications
before
applying
for
the
job.
我认为他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明。
3．can(could)＋不定式完成式
肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。
You
could
have
told
me
you
were
going
to
be
late.
你应当早告诉我你会晚到的。
4．may(might)＋不定式完成式
表示对过去(将来)发生的行为的推测，表示可能干了某事。
Who
knows
what
will
happen？You
may
even
have
married
by
then.
谁知道会发生什么呢？到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了。
5．ought
to＋不定式完成式
表示过去应做某事而实际未做，其否定式是“ought
not
to＋不定式完成式”，此时ought
to可与should换用。
What
you
ought
to
have
done
is
call
the
police.
你早该报警了。
6．needn't＋不定式完成式
表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。
Terence
has
done
so
little
work，he
needn't
have
bothered
to
come
to
school
today.
特伦斯几乎没做什么功课，他今天其实就不用来学校。
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，31)I
love
the
weekend，because
I________get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
【解析】 句意：我爱周末，因为我不必在周六和周日早起。needn't表示不必。
【答案】 needn't
2．(2016·天津卷，5)It
was
really
annoying；I
________
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
【解析】 句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据It
was
really
annoying可知应用couldn't。
【答案】 couldn't
3．(2015·福建卷，27)—Sorry，Mum
!
I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh，it's
too
bad.You
________
have
made
full
preparations.
【解析】 句意：——对不起，妈妈！这次工作面试我又失败了。——噢。太糟了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should
have
done
sth.表示应该做某事但事实上没有做。
【答案】 should
4．(2015·陕西卷，21)You
________
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,
but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you'll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
【解析】 句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地确定你以后会庆幸你这么做了。根据题干中的“but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later”可知设空处表示“不确定，没把握”，故用may/might。
【答案】 may/might
5．(2015·四川卷，2)You
________
be
careful
with
the
camera.It
costs!
【解析】 句意：你必须小心使用这个相机，它很贵的！根据对话内容可知空格处表示“必要性”，意为“必须”，故用must。
【答案】 must
6．(2015·浙江卷，4)It
was
so
noisy
that
we
________
hear
ourselves
speak.
【解析】 句意：这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。根据语境可知此处表达过去的能力故用couldn't。
【答案】 couldn't
7．(2015·重庆卷，12)You
________
be
Carol.You
haven't
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
【解析】 句意；你一定是卡萝尔，这么多年过去了你一点也没变。根据语境可知此处表示对现在情况的肯定推测，所以要用must(一定)。
【答案】 must(共23张PPT)
第七讲
虚拟语气
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下几种情况。
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
would(could/should/might)＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had＋动词过去分词
would(could/should/might)＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实
可能相反
动词过去式/should＋动词原形/were
to＋动词原形
would(could/should/might)＋动词原形
If
she
knew
English，she
wouldn't
ask
me
for
help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If
I
were
you，I
would
go
to
hospital.
如果我是你，我会去医院的。
If
I
had
known
her
number，I
would
have
called
her.
如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我那时就给她打电话了。
If
it
were
to
snow
this
evening，they
would
not
go
out.
如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
注意：(1)在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装结构。
Were
it
necessary，I
might
resign.
如果必要的话，我可以辞职。
Should
they
have
patience，they
could
do
the
work
well.
如果他们有耐心的话，他们就能把这项工作做好。
Had
he
worked
harder，he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.
他当时要是学习努力点的话，就会通过这些考试了。
Were
she
to
move
right
now，she
would
get
there
on
Sunday.
她要是马上动身的话，星期天就可以到那儿了。
(2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If
you
had
followed
my
advice
just
now，you
would
be
better
now.
如果你刚才接受我的建议，你现在会好些。
If
you
had
studied
hard
before，you
would
be
a
college
student
now.
如果你从前努力学习，你现在会是一名大学生。
【考点2】 无“条件”虚拟语气句子
无“条件”是指没有if或I
wish等引起表条件的句子，而是用其他形式表现出来，如介词、形容词、名词、代词、连词、动词、分词、从句或上下文等。常用来表示“无条件”的词有：with，without，but
for，or，but，otherwise，even，in
case
of，what
if(如果……将如何/倘若)。
But
for
your
help，we
couldn't
have
succeeded.
要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。
She
wasn't
feeling
well；otherwise
she
wouldn't
have
left
the
meeting
so
early.
她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。
Given
more
time，we
would
do
it
better.
再给些时间，我们会做得更好。
【考点3】 用于宾语从句中
(1)用于wish后的宾语从句中
与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had＋过去分词或would/could
have
done；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could，might)＋动词原形。
I
wish
she
were
here.
她在这儿就好了。
I
wish
you
would
go
with
us
tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我们一起去。
I
wish
she
had
taken
my
advice.
那时她要是听我的话就好了。
(2)用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略。
She
insisted
that
the
seats(should)be
booked
in
advance.
她坚持要预订座位。
He
demands
that
he(should)be
told
everything.
他要求将一切告诉他。
注意：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话人认为是事实，要用陈述语气。比如，当suggest作“暗示，表明”解释，insist不表“坚决要求”，而作“坚持认为”解，从句要用陈述语气。
He
insisted
that
he
was
not
involved
in
the
case.
他坚持认为自己同那个案子没有牵连。
(3)would
rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，用一般过去时，表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时，表示过去的愿望。
Frankly
speaking，I'd
rather
you
didn't
do
anything
about
it
for
the
time
being.
坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对于此事什么也不要做。
I
would
rather
I
had
returned
the
book
yesterday.
我真希望昨天把这本书还了。
【考点4】 用在主语从句中
It
is
desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a
pity＋that从句，从句中谓语要用should＋动词原形，should可省略。
It's
suggested
that
the
old
man(should)be
sent
to
hospital
immediately.
有人建议应将老人立即送进医院。
It's
a
pity
that
he(should)be
so
careless.
很遗憾，他竟然这么粗心。
【考点5】 用在表语从句和同位语从句中
advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语要用should＋动词原形，should可省略。
He
gave
an
order
that
the
troops(should)withdraw
at
once.
他命令部队马上撤退。
Their
desire
was
that
a
treaty(should)be
signed
at
once.
他们的愿望是马上签订协约。
【考点6】 虚拟语气用在as
if(as
though)，even
if(even
though)从句中
He
talks
as
if
he
knew
all
about
it.
他说起来好像全知道似的。
Even
if
he
were
here，he
couldn't
solve
the
problem.
即使他在这里，也解决不了这个问题。
【考点7】 在for
fear
that，lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟“should＋动词原形”
He
reminded
her
twice
of
it
lest
she
should
forget.
他提醒了她两次，怕她忘记。
I
will
not
make
a
noise
for
fear(that)I
should/might
disturb
you.
我不会作声的，以免打扰你。
【考点8】 用于if
only引导的感叹句中
if
only“要是……就好了”。
If
only
I
were
a
flying
bird！/How
I
wish
I
were
a
flying
bird!
多么希望我是一只飞鸟。
If
only
I
had
taken
your
advice.
要是我接受你的建议就好了。
【考点9】 It's
high/about
time句型要求用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，或should＋动词原形，should通常不省略。
It's
high
time
that
we
were
off.
我们该走了。
用about，quite，really或high修饰time是为了缓和或增强语气。
[真题再现]
1．(2016·北京卷，34)Why
didn't
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week
If
you________(tell)
me，I
could
have
helped.
【解析】 句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的could
have
helped和last
week可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had
told。
【答案】 had
told
2．(2016·天津卷，15)I
was
wearing
a
seatbelt.If
I
hadn't
been
wearing
one，I
would
________(injure)．
【解析】 句意：我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为would＋have
done。主语I与injure为被动关系，故需用被动语态，故答案为have
been
injured。
【答案】 have
been
injured
3．(2016·江苏卷，27)If
it________(be)
for
his
invitation
the
other
day，I
should
not
be
here
now.
【解析】 句意：如果不是因为那天他的邀请，我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，故从句谓语动词为过去完成时。
【答案】 had
not
been/hadn't
been
4．(2015·安徽卷，32)It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room，or
we
____
(have)
nowhere
to
stay
now.
【解析】 句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，否则我们现在就没有地方可以住了。由句意可知or前面是真实的情况，or后面的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处用would
do形式。
【答案】 would
have
5．(2015·陕西卷，23)Ellen
is
a
fantastic
dancer.I
wish
I
________
(dance)
as
well
as
her.
【解析】 句意：艾伦是一位非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。
【答案】 danced
6．(2015·重庆卷，7)Without
his
wartime
experiences，Hemingway
________
(write)
his
famous
novel
A
Farewell
to
Arms.
【解析】 句意：如果没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说《永别了，武器》。without构成的介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；根据语境可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故要用would
have
done结构，又因为此处表示否定意义，故填wouldn't
have
written。
【答案】 wouldn't
have
written(共14张PPT)
第二部分
语法专题
第一讲
冠词
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 不定冠词的用法
1．不定冠词“a”与“an”本身的区别取决于其后单词的第一个字母的发音，不是第一个字母。
第一个发音为辅音，就是a，若其后单词第一个发音为元音，就是an，比如：
2．具体用法
1
指一类人或事，相当于a
kind
of
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
2
第一次提及某人某物，非特指
I
met
a
child
in
the
street.
3
表频率，表“每一”意义时
People
have
three
meals
a
day.
4
表“相同”相当于the
same
We
are
of
an
age.
5
在比喻意味或不确切的人名前
He
is
a
Living
LeiFeng
in
our
class.
A
Mr.Smith
wants
to
see
you.
6
某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候用a/an＋序数词
Although
he
has
failed
six
times，he
would
like
to
have
a
try
a
seventh
time.
7
否定比较级表达最高级常和不定冠词连词
—What
do
you
think
of
the
film
—I've
never
seen
a
worse
one.
8
表示一次性动作尤指名词化的动词之前
have
a
walk
go
for
a
swim
come
to
an
end
9
固定词组中
a
couple
of，a
bit
once
upon
a
time
【考点2】 定冠词的用法
1
表示某一类人或物
The
horse
is
a
useful
animal.
2
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the
universe，the
moon，the
Pacific
Ocean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would
you
mind
opening
the
door？
4
用于乐器前面
play
the
violin，play
the
guitar
5
用于形容词和代词前面表示一类人
the
rich，the
living，the
wounded
6
用在姓氏复数名词前表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”
the
Greens，the
Wangs
7
用于序数词和形容词、副词比较级、最高级前
He
is
the
taller
of
the
two
children.
8
用于国家、党派、江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前
the
United
States，the
Communist
Party
of
China，the
French
9
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The
compass
was
invented
in
China.
10
在逢十的复数词之前，指某个年代
in
the
1990's
11
用于表示具体单位的名词前
I
hired
the
car
by
the
hour.
12
用于方位名词、身体部位名词及表示时间的词前
He
patted
me
on
the
shoulder.
13
由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the
USA
14
强调两者之间比较且作主语、定语时
The
older
of
the
two
brothers
is
my
deskmate.
【考点3】 零冠词用法
1
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
Beijing
University，Jay
China，love，air
2
名词前面有this，my，whose，some，no，each，every等限制
I
want
this
book，not
that
one.Whose
is
this？
3
季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐前
March，Sunday，National
Day，spring
4
表示职位、身份、头衔的名词作表语、补语或同位语时
Lincoln
was
made
President
of
America
in
1860.
5
学科、语言、球类、棋类等名词前
He
likes
playing
football/chess.
6
与by连用表示交通工具的名词前
by
train，by
air，by
land
7
以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband
and
wife，knife
and
fork，day
and
night.
8
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses
are
useful
animals.
9
由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前
May
Day，Children's
Day
10
as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前
Hero
as
he
is，he
is
still
modest.
[真题再现]
1．(2015·浙江卷，2)Jane's
grandmother
had
wanted
to
write
a
children's
book
for
many
years，but
one
thing
or
another
always
got
in
________
way.
2．(2015·重庆卷，3)I
just
heard
________
bank
where
Dora
works
was
robbed
by
________
gunman
wearing
a
mask.
3．(2015·陕西卷，14)________
more
learned
a
man
is，________
more
modest
he
usually
becomes.
4．(2014·天津卷，8)Life
is
like
________
ocean：Only
the
strongwilled
can
reach
the
other
shore.
5．(2014·重庆卷，6)I
can't
tell
you
________
way
to
the
Wilsons'
because
we
don't
have
________
Wilson
here
in
the
village.
1．【解析】 句意：多年以来，简的外祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但是一件接一件的事情总是阻碍她的计划。in
the
way妨碍。
【答案】 the
2．【解析】 句意：我刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名戴面具的持枪人抢劫了。考查冠词。第一个空后的名词后有定语从句修饰，特指多拉工作的那家银行，应该用定冠词the；第二个空后的名词gunman在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。
【答案】 the；a
3．【解析】 句意：一个人学识越渊博，他通常就会越谦逊。“The
more...the
more...”为固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”。
【答案】 The；the
4．【解析】 句意：生活就像一片海洋：只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，故答案为an。
【答案】 an
5．【解析】 句意：我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们村里没有姓威尔逊的人。本题考查冠词。第一个空表示特指，故用the；第二个空用不定冠词表示“某一，一位(用于陌生人的姓名前)”。
【答案】 the；a(共34张PPT)
第八讲
动词和动词短语
[考点精讲]
【考点1】 动词
英语的动词，根据其意义和句法作用，可分为四类：行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
【考点2】 一些常用行为动词的用法
1．lay和lie
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
意思
用法
lie
lay
lain
lying
躺；位于
不及物动词
lie
lied
lied
lying
说谎
不及物动词
lay
laid
laid
laying
放置；产卵
及物动词
①He
lied
to
me
that
he
had
finished
his
homework.
他向我撒谎说完成作业了。
②He
laid
the
baby
on
the
bed.他把婴儿放置在床上。
2．arise，rise和raise
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
意思
用法
arise
arose
arisen
arising
出现；发生；兴起
不及物动词
rise
rose
risen
rising
上升；起身
不及物动词
raise
raised
raised
raising
举起；提高；唤起；饲养
及物动词
①The
sun
having
set
down，a
mist
arose.
太阳落山后起了雾。
②The
river
has
risen
by
several
metres.
河水上涨了好几米。
③It's
difficult
to
raise
a
family
on
a
small
income.
依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。
3．hang的用法
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
意思
用法
hang
hung
hung
hanging
吊；挂
及物动词/不及物动词
hanged
hanged
hanging
绞死
及物动词
①He
hung
his
clothes
on
the
wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。
②A
towel
hung
from
the
rail.栏杆上搭着条毛巾。
③The
murderer
was
hanged
and
the
dead
was
avenged.
杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。
4．get的用法
(1)get＋宾语：在这种结构中，get通常意为receive(收到)，obtain(获得)，fetch(拿来)，take(拿)等。
I
got
her
letter
yesterday.昨天我收到了她的来信。
(2)get＋形容词：表示某种状态的变化，意思与become相似。
When
you
get
old，your
memory
gets
worse.
当你老的时候，记忆力会变差。
(3)get＋过去分词：这种结构相当于“be＋过去分词”，相当于被动语态。
His
leg
got
broken
in
the
car
accident.
在那次车祸中，他的腿断了。
(4)get＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词、分词、不定式)：这种结构表示“使……变得，使……移动，使……做，使……被做”。
I
can't
get
my
feet
warm.我没法使脚暖和起来。
Can
you
get
the
car
going
你能把车开动起来吗？
I
shall
get
Mr.Wang
to
do
it
for
me.
我该让王先生给我做那件事。
I
got
my
watch
repaired
yesterday.我昨天让人把表修了。
注意：有时候“get＋宾语＋过去分词”并不表示“要某事被别人做”，而是表示“经历……，遭受……”。
They
got
their
roof
blown
off
in
the
storm
last
night.
昨晚的暴风雨把他们的房顶给掀掉了。
5．have的用法
(1)have＋宾语＋不带to的不定式：“使某人做某事”。
He
had
everybody
fill
out
a
form.
他让所有的人都填了表。
(2)have＋宾语＋现在分词：“使某人一直……”。
She
had
us
laughing
all
through
the
meal.
在吃饭过程中，她使我们始终笑个不停。
(3)have＋宾语＋过去分词：“使……被(他人)做”。
If
you
don't
get
out
of
my
house，I'll
have
you
arrested.
如果不离开我的房子，我就让人把你抓起来。
(4)have
sb.do，have
sb.doing，have
sb./sth.done还可以表示“经历某个事件或行动，遭遇……”(句子的主语不是动作的执行者)。
He
had
his
left
hand
cut
off
when
operating
the
machine.
他在操作这种机器时左手被切掉了。
It's
lovely
to
have
people
smile
at
you
in
the
street.
在街上，人们冲你微笑是件非常愉快的事。
6．look，seem和appear
(1)look强调由视觉得出的印象，意为“看上去，看起来”。
He
looks
very
strong.他看上去很强壮。
(2)seem表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断，这种判断可靠性较大。
It
seems
as
though
there's
no
way
out
of
our
difficulty.
似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。
(3)appear表示外表给人的印象，这种印象可能是靠不住的、虚假的。
He
appears
to
be
your
friend
but
I
doubt
if
he
is.
他看起来像你的朋友，但我怀疑他是否真是。
注意：(1)look常用结构：look＋adj./v. ed；look＋n.；look＋介词短语；
(2)seem常用结构：seem＋分词/adj；seem＋n.；seem＋介词短语；seem
to
do；It
seems
that从句。
7．可用于“动词＋sb.＋of
sth.”的常用动词
accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)
This
photo
reminds
me
of
my
school
days.
这张照片使我想起了学校生活。
The
people
of
the
town
were
warned
of
the
danger
of
flooding.该镇居民接到有洪水危险的警告。
8．可用于“动词＋sb.＋for
doing
sth.”的常用动词
blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)．
Forgive
me
for
saying
so，but
I
think
that's
nonsense.
原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。
I
don't
blame
you
for
doing
that.
我不责备你做了那事。
【考点3】 常用动词短语
1．act
act
as 充当，担任 act
for代表，代理
act
out 表演(指用行动、动作表达)
2．add
add
in 算入，包括
add
to 增加，加到
add
up 加起来，总计
add
up
to 总计，共达
3．agree
agree
on 就……达成共识
agree
to 同意(建议等)
agree
with 同意；与……一致，适合于
4．break
break
away
from 脱离
break
down 坏掉；出故障；垮掉
break
into 闯入，破门而入
break
out (战争)爆发
break
in 破门而入
break
off 打断；中断
break
through 逾越，突破；冲破
break
up 打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止
5．bring
bring
about 导致，引起
bring
down 降低；使倒下
bring
forth 结果，生产，产生
bring
forward 提出；提前
bring
back 把……带回来；使记起；使恢复
bring
on 引起；使发展；提出(论点等)供讨论
bring
out 使显出；使(意义等)明白表示出来
bring
up 养育，培养；呕吐；提出
6．call
call
for 需要；邀请 call
on/at 号召；访问
call
in 召集；召来 call
up 召唤，召集；打电话
call
off 取消
7．carry
carry
off 获胜；成功做成(困难之事)
carry
through 帮助渡过难关；完成，实现
carry
on 继续，坚持
carry
out 执行
carry
back 使记起
carry
away 失去理智
8．come
come
about 发生
come
across 偶遇
come
to 共计，达到，苏醒
come
true 变为现实
come
up 走上前，被提出
come
up
with 提出
come
along 一起来
come
into
being 形成；产生
come
into
power 上台；执政
come
to
light 为人所知
come
out 结果是；出来；出版；开花
come
on (表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来；快；得了
9．cut
cut
down 砍倒
cut
in 插嘴；突然插入
cut
up 切碎
cut
off 隔绝；切断；中止
10．die
die
off 相继死去
die
out 死光，灭绝
die
away (风、声音)渐渐消失
die
down (风、雨等)逐渐平息
die
of 死于(疾病，情感，年老等)
die
from 死于(尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)
11．get
get
about 四处走动；传开
get
across 传达
get
away 逃脱，设法离开
get
down 下来；记下
get
in 收割；到达
get
off 出发；下班
get
together 聚会
get
through 接通；通过
get
down
to 开始认真干
get
over 克服
get
along/on
with 进展；相处
12．give
give
up 放弃
give
in 屈服
give
out 用尽；分发
give
away 泄露；赠送；颁发
give
off 发出
give
back 归还；使恢复
13．go
go
against 违背；对……不利
go
ahead 开始，进展，进行
go
after/for 追逐，追求
go
without 勉强维持；凑合
go
in
for 爱好，参加；从事
go
through 通过；经历
go
over 复习；仔细审查
go
by 过去，经过
14．hold
hold
back 隐瞒；控制(情感)
hold
out 维持；抵抗；硬撑
hold
up 使……耽搁
hold
on 坚持；别挂(电话)
hold
together 团结一致
hold
on
to 保留，抓住不放
15．keep
keep
away(from) 使远离
keep
back 扣除，隐瞒不讲
keep
off 避开，不理睬
keep
on 继续
keep
out 挡在外边
keep
up
with 跟上
keep
up 保持，不低落；持续，继续
16．look
look
out 当心
look
on 旁观
look
down
upon 看不起
look
forward
to 盼望
look
through 浏览；温习
look
into 调查；向内看
look
over 检阅；逐一检查
look
up 向上看；查阅；形势好转
17．make
make
up
for 补偿，弥补
make
out 辨认出
make
fun
of 取笑
make
up
one's
mind 下定决心
make
sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通
make
good/full
use
of... 充分利用……
make
up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足
18．put
put
aside 把……放在一边
put
away 把……收好
put
down 扑灭，平息
put
forward 提出
put
off 延期；推诿
put
out 扑灭；生产
put
up 挂起；张贴，搭起；为某人提供食宿
put
up
with 忍受，容忍
19．set
set
off 出发；引爆；引起；激发
set
out 开始；动身
set
up建立
set
in 开始，到来
set
aside留出
set
down 下车；写下；放下
set
about
doing... 着手做……，开始做……
20．take
take
in 吸收，欺骗
take
for 误认为
take
up 占据，从事，拿起
take
after 像
take
along 随身携带
take
charge 负责，掌管
take
on 呈现；雇用
take
over 接管；接任
take
pride
in 以……为豪
take
away 带走，拿走
take
out 拿出
take...for
granted 想……当然
take
off 起飞；脱下；休假；走红
21．turn
turn
down 拒绝；调低
turn
in 上交
turn
out 结果是，证明是
turn
over 移交，交给
turn
up 出现；调高
turn
off 关掉
turn
on 打开
turn
away 走开
turn
to 求助于；翻到
[真题再现]
1．(2015·江苏卷，27)The
university
started
some
new
language
programs
to
cater
________
the
country's
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
【解析】 句意：这所大学开设了一些新的语言课程来满足该国“丝绸之路经济带”战略的需要。cater
for满足……的需要。
【答案】 for
2．(2015·江苏卷，29)The
whole
team
count
________
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
【解析】 句意：整个队都指望着克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多(C罗)，他很少让他们失望。count
on意为“指望，依赖”。
【答案】 on
3．(2015·天津卷，10)Tom
had
to
turn
________
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
【解析】 句意：因为上周末太忙了，汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。turn
down(＝refuse)拒绝。
【答案】 down
4．(2015·浙江卷，11)We
tend
to
have
a
better
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
appeal
________
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.
【解析】 句意：相比于直白的事实，我们更倾向于记住那些令我们的感官兴奋和对我们的情绪有感染力的事物。appeal
to对……有感染力，对……有吸引力。
【答案】 to
5．(2015·浙江卷，7)Body
language
can
give
________
a
lot
about
your
mood，so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
【解析】 句意：肢体语言可能会泄露你的很多情绪，所以抱臂而立有可能传达一种信息——你存有戒心。give
away泄露。
【答案】 away
6．(2015·湖北卷，25)There
is
no
doubt
that
this
candidate's
advantage
lies
________
his
ability
to
communicate
with
foreigners
in
English.
【解析】 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语和外国人交流。lie
in在于。
【答案】 in
7．(2015·陕西卷，25)Peter
will
take
________
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
【解析】 句意：彼得将会在下个月末开始从事该旅行社的主管职位。take
up
one's
post就职，开始从事(某种职位)。
【答案】 up第六讲
情态动词
[模拟演练]
Ⅰ.用情态动词或其否定形式填空
1．—It's
eight
o'clock
already.
Jack________be
here
by
now.
—Oh,
he
told
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
that
he
was
going
to
see
his
dentist
and
wouldn't
be
back
until
ten.
【解析】 句意：——8点钟了。杰
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )克现在应该到了。——哦，他告诉我他要去看牙医，在10点以前是不会回来的。should有“根据情理或常理推断某事将可能发生”之意。
【答案】 should
2．—Jack,
take
more
clo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thes
when
going
camping.
It________be
very
cold
in
the
mountains.
—Thank
you,
Mum.
I
will.
【解析】 句意：——杰克，去野营时要多加衣服。山上可能/一定很冷。——谢谢你，妈妈。我会的。can等可以用来表示客观可能性。
【答案】 can/must/may/might/could
3．After
supper
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she________sit
down
by
the
fire,
sometimes
as
long
as
an
hour,
thinking
of
her
young
and
happy
days.
【解析】 句意：晚饭后她
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )总会在火旁坐下来，有时长达一个小时，想着她那些年轻和快乐的日子。would有“过去总是……”之意，往往是对过去发生的事情的追忆。
【答案】 would
4．Our
parent
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
and
teachers
often
tell
us
that
we________be
careful
enough
no
matter
what
we
do.
【解析】 句意：我们父母和老师经常告诉我们：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )无论我们做什么，我们怎么小心也不过分。can
not
be＋adj./adv.＋enough＋to
do...意为“越……就越好；怎么……也不过分”。
【答案】 can't
5．It
________(can)
be
the
vocabulary
that
caused
you
the
problem
in
the
exercise
because
you
know
a
lot
of
words.
【解析】 句意：因为你已经掌握了很多单词，所以，引起你练习中出现问题的因素不可能是词汇。couldn't是非常肯定的推测。
【答案】 couldn't
6．—How
did
you
do
in
the
test
—Not
so
well
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).I________(do)
much
better
but
I
misread
the
directions
for
Part
D.
【解析】 句意：——你考试怎么样？——不太好。我本能够做得更好的，但我读错了D部分的说明。对过去的推测，用情态动词＋have
done。
【答案】 could
have
done
7．I
felt
surpr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ised
that
anyone
of
his
intelligence________(fail)
such
an
easy
test.
【解析】 考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：我感到惊讶，像他这样智力的人居然连如此简单的测试都没有通过。should在这里表示惊讶的态度。
【答案】 should
have
failed
8．I'm
as
busy
as
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
bee；________you
bother
me
with
so
many
questions
now
【解析】 句意：我现在像蜜蜂一样忙碌，你偏偏要拿这么多问题来烦我吗？must常可用来表示“令人不快的事”，意为“偏偏要……”。
【答案】 must
9．The
fire
was
so
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ig
that
it
was
several
hours
before
fire?fighters
________
get
it
under
control.
【答案】 could
10．—You
talk
so
much
about
London，You
________
have
been
there.
—Yeah，I
went
sightseeing
on
a
tour
last
summer.
【答案】 must
11．(2017·陕西渭南一模)—Can
I
smoke
in
this
hall
—No，you
can't.lf
you
________，please
go
to
the
smoking
room.
【答案】 must
12．(2017·湖南十三校一联)I
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
thank
you
too
much
because
without
your
help
I
wouldn't
have
won
the
first
prize.
【答案】 can't
13．(2017·福建漳
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )州质检)—I'll
have
to
write
a
report
about
“Jane
Eyre”
next
week，but
I
haven't
got
the
book
yet.
—Don't
worry.You
________
have
it
by
noon
tomorrow.
【答案】 shall
14．(2017·重庆巴蜀中学二模
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))—It
is
a
mystery
and
a
shock
to
all
who
know
him
that
he
________
have
taken
his
own
life
in
this
way.
—What
a
pity，indeed.
【答案】 should
15．(2017·陕西西安
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二模)Nuclear
energy
________
be
really
dangerous
at
times
even
though
it's
a
kind
of
nice
energy
in
general.
【答案】 can
Ⅱ.语篇填空，在空格处填入适当的情态动词，使上下文意义通顺
Despite
the
fa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct
that
you
__1__
wear
school
uniform
every
day，you
__2__
still
find
yourself
a
place
at
the
cutting
edge(领先地位)of
fashion.From
coloured
shoelaces
to
special
snacks(零食)，this
is
what
the
cool
kids
in
your
class
believe
in
for
the
summer.
It
__3__
not
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
practical
for
you
to
have
a
new
pair
of
shoes
every
day，but
moving
from
one
colour
shoelaces
to
another
__4__
show
your
desire
for
a
new
look.Bright
colours—red，green，light
gold，pink，purple，are
the
top
choices.There
are
also
sports
laces
that
come
in
colour
combinations，such
as
red/white
and
red/black.You
__5__
even
try
to
lace
up
your
sports
shoes
in
two
colours!
Has
changing
ce
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll
phone
accessories(小挂件)
become
part
of
your
life？Although
you
__6__
not
be
able
to
afford
the
most
advanced
phone，you
__7__
still
decorate
it.Girls
__8__
prefer
fluffy
(毛茸茸的)Teddy
Bears
that
change
colour
according
to
the
temperature，while
many
boys
like
taking
accessories
that
say
things
such
as
“The
teacher
is
coming”．
Try
sticking
phot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )os(大头照
)．They
are
cheap，convenient
and
__9__
be
carried
around
in
your
wallet.You
__10__
even
choose
special
backgrounds
of
cartoon
figures
to
show
your
individuality(个性)．
【答案】 1.have
to 2.can 3.may 4.can/will
5．can/may 6.may 7.can 8.may 9.can 10.can/may
