【英语人教新课标】必修1同步教材导学案 unit1--unit5

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
　Unit 5　Nelson Mandela
—a modern hero
【单元导航】
Nelson Mandela
Imagine growing up in a country where drinking out of the wrong water fountain might get you thrown into jail；where a man might have the very same job as his neighbor，but because of the color of his skin，get paid less in a year than the other man made in a week；where the government told you that your ancestors and their ways of living were wrong and savage and not even human.
Sounds like a futuristic (幻想未来的) film，doesn’t it Well，for Nelson Mandela，this was not a movie.
Growing up in South africa under the apartheid system of government meant these things，and worse，which were part of his daily life.
But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.Instead of bowing down to this unjust system of government，he became a lifelong warrior in the battle to free South Africa.
Today，thanks to the self sacrifice of Nelson Mandela，apartheid has been outlawed.Everyone in South Africa now has an equal opportunity at home and at work to live comfortable，productive lives.Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s true freedom fighters.
Section One　Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.What words will we use to describe a person
kind，honest，brave，loyal，happy，wise，smart，friendly，warm，cheerful，popular，generous，
hard working，diligent，weak，stupid，lazy，dishonest，mean，tense，cold，unkind，
miserable，dull，strong minded，determined，etc.
2.Can you name some great people
3.What are the qualities that great people have in common
intelligent，never give up，help others，never lose heart when in great trouble，
insist on what they pursue，set up an aim，get on well with others，be active in
society activities，be willing to do public service，do their best，etc.
Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下面的问题
What did Mandela do
He set up a law office to help black people on their problems.
He helped Elias to get the necessary papers to stay in Johannesburg.
He founded the ANC Youth League.
He first chose to attack the law in a peaceful way.
He encouraged violence against the government.
His dream was to make black and white people equal.
Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题
1.True or False
(1)Elias met Nelson Mandela at school.(F)
(2)Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer.(T)
(3)Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy.(F)
(4)Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.(T)
(5)Elias was happy blowing up government buildings.(F)
(6)Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people in
South Africa.(F)
(7)Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.(F)
(8)The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC.(F)
2.Work out the year and Elias’ age to fit the events in his life.
Year Elias’ age Events
(1)1940 born Elias was born.
1946 (2)6 Elias (3)began school.
1948 (4)8 Elias (5)left school.
... ... Elias got a job but was worried about (6)losing it.
1952 (7)12 (8) Elias met Nelson Mandela.
... ... He joined (9)the ANC Youth League.
1963 (10)23 He helped Mandela (11)blow up some government buildings and helped to fight for their (12)equality.
3.根括每一部分的大意
Part Ⅰ(Paras.1～2)：The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
Part Ⅱ(Paras.3～5 )：The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what
Mandela did.
4.回答下列问题
(1)Why did Elias support Nelson Mandela
Because Nelson Mandela used to help him in Johannesburg.And Elias joined the
ANC Youth League which was organized by Nelson Mandela.
(2)What problems did the black people like Elias have
Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them.The parts of town
where they lived were places decided by white people.They could not get jobs they
wanted.The places where they lived were the poorest areas in South Africa.No one
could grow food there.
(3)Why did Elias support violence when he did not agree with it
Because he wanted to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.
Ⅳ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语
1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
句子结构分析：when I first met Nelson Mandela修饰先行词the time。
翻译：第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候是我一生中最困难的时候。
2.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.
句子结构分析：after在本句中的词性是介词，后接名词或动名词。
翻译：几经周折，我在一家金矿找到一份工作。
3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until
today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
句子结构分析：本句的主语是the last thirty years；where we have almost no rights at all是
先行词a stage的定语从句。
翻译：过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻碍了我们的进步，一直到今天
我们还一直处于毫无权利可言的地步。
4....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight
the government.
句子结构分析：in which引导的定语从句，其先行词是a position；either...or...意为“要么……
要么……”。
翻译：我们被置于这样一个境地，要么接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府做斗争。
5....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
句子结构分析：本句中only修饰状语then放在了句首，所以用倒装结构。
翻译：只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力抵抗暴力。
Ⅴ.小组讨论
1.Is it fair to treat others badly for things they cannot change，like the color of skin or eyes or the
race one belongs to Give your reasons.
2.What do we call it when some people are badly treated because of their race and others not？
Section Two　Language Points
1. And what qualities does a great person have？一个伟人有什么样的品质？
I want some meat of the best quality.
我要一些质量最好的肉。
They spoke of his fine qualities as a modern painter.
他们(还)谈到了他作为一名当代画家的优秀品质。
One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable.
这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂。
quality，词性名词，意为“质量”时是不可数名词，意为“品质，性质”时是可数名词。
of great quality意为“具有高质量的”，可作定语和表语。
(1)The goods are of poor .
A.quantity B.qualities C.quality D.quantities
答案　C
(2)Courage is one of the best of a good soldier.
A.quality B.quantity C.qualities D.feature
答案　C
2. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是把自己的一生21世纪教育网
致力于帮助他人的人。
I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们不应该在这个问题上花更多的时间。
He devoted his whole life to teaching.
他把毕生精力献给了教学。
devote，词性动词，意为“奉献，献身；投注……”，常与介词to搭配，构成devote...to...
结构，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。devote oneself to意为“致力于，献身于”；devote
one’s life to意为“把某人的生命献给……”；devote one’s energy to意为“把某人的精
力献给……”。
devotion n.(与to连用)献身；忠诚；热心；专心
devoted adj.热心的，忠诚的；恩爱的；献身的；专心于……的；专用于……的
He is devoted to his country.
他精忠报国。
They’re a devoted couple.
他们是一对恩爱夫妻。
This is a magazine devoted to children’s literature.
这是一本儿童文学刊物。
(1)他献身于帮助穷人。
He devoted himself to helping the poor.
(2)四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。
For four years，he devoted himself to music.
(3)她把精力都献给了和平事业。
She devoted her energies to the cause of peace.
3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and 21世纪教育网
progress，...过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，……
National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.
国庆节那天人们在大街上载歌载舞。
The old house saw the changes in the big family.
这座老房子见证了这个大家庭的变迁。
本句的主语是the last thirty years，不是表人的而是表时间的。在英语表达中，有时用表
时间或地点的词作主语，可使语言显得生动形象，此时的谓语动词常用see或find。
(1)随后几年，她在许多剧中扮演角色。
The following years saw her act in many plays.
(2)第二天清晨人们发现这小女孩躺在街上，死了。
The next morning found the little girl lay on the street，dead.
4. ...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.……一直到今
天我们处于毫无权利可言的地步。
She left the stage at 60.
她60岁的时候离开了舞台。
Their firm is at the stage of development.
他们的公司处于发展阶段。
Her illness has developed to the stage where nobody can cure her.
她的病已发展到没人能治的阶段。
stage，词性名词，意为“舞台；阶段；时期”，其后接的定语从句常用where引导，相当
于at which或in which。21世纪教育网
point，situation，case(情形；案例)，occasion(场合)，position等名词后接定语从句时，其
关系词常用where。
...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight
the government.
我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
There is one point where I’d like your advice.
有时我也乐意听取你的建议。
Imagine that you are in a situation where no one believes in you.
设想你在一个没人信任你的环境中。
(1)We are in a position we may lose a large sum of money.
A.where B.which C.that D.when
答案　A
(2)You have come to the stage you can’t understand yourself well.
A.for which B.at which
C.with which D.about which
答案　B
5. Black people couldn’t vote or choose their leaders.黑人们不能选举或选择自己的领导人。
They voted her their headmistress.
他们选她做校长。
He was voted the most promising new director.
他当选为最有前途的新导演。
Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.
国会表决通过增加10%的对外援助。
The committee voted that the game should be put off.
委员会投票决定比赛应延期。
Vote for the man you can trust.
选你能信赖的人。
People voted against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
As we are not unanimous for this matter，let’s vote on it.
因为我们在这件事上无法一致同意，我们投票表决吧。
(1)vote用作及物动词时，后可接单宾语、双宾语、动词不定式或宾语从句。
vote sb./sth.投票支持(人或政党)
vote＋双宾语选出或推举某人担任某职
vote to do sth.投票去做某事
vote＋that从句投票去做某事
(2)vote用作不及物动词时，常与以下介词连用：21世纪教育网
vote for/against sth.投票赞成/反对……
vote on sth.就……投票表决
vote还可作名词，意为“选举；投票；表决”。
The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。
In that country，people get the vote at the age of 18.
在那个国家，人们年满18岁获得选举权。
(1)Many people voted for (投票支持)Obama in the election of America.
(2)Now we will vote on (投票)this project.
(3)We Chinese women have the vote (选举权).
6....Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时，我们才决定用
暴力对付暴力。
Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.
直到那件意外事件后，他才叫人检查他的车子。
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything.
只有努力工作，我们做每一件事才能成功。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth，which was a big surprise.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。
上列句式都用了部分倒装。当only修饰状语置于句首时，主句经常使用倒装结构。其结构
为：Only＋状语＋助动词(情态动词或be)＋主语＋动词原形。
only修饰主语时不用倒装语序。
Only fifty of the original one hundred men came back.
在原来的一百人当中，只有五十人回来了。
(1)It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted
C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted
答案　C
解析　句意为：据宣布，只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。that从
句中only引导的时间状语从句位于句首，主句需用部分倒装结构。
(2)Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.
A.I realized B.I had realized
C.had I realized D.did I realize
答案　D
解析　考查部分倒装。“only＋状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装。
(3)—Only when Dr.Yang arrives able to be operated on
—Yes，only save his life.
A.is he；can he B.was him；he can
C.is he；he can D.is him；can he
答案　C
(4)Only then how much damage had been caused.
A.she realized B.she had realized
C.had she realized D.did she realize
答案　D
解析　“only＋介词短语/句子”这一结构置于句首时，整个主句必须倒装。此外，由then
可确定用过去时态。
7. As a matter of fact，I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up some
government buildings.事实上，我不喜欢暴力……但1963年我却帮着他炸毁了一些政府的
建筑物。
As a matter of fact，I don’t know the truth.
说真的，我不知道事实真相。
Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres
你能借给我个打气筒给自行车打打气吗？
The bomb blew up.炸弹爆炸了。
They blew up the old bridge and then built a new one across the river.
他们炸毁了那座旧桥，然后在河上建了座新桥。
as a matter of fact意为“事实上，实际上”，同义短语是in fact。blow up意为“使充气；
爆炸”。blow away吹走
(1)I would like a job which pays more，but I enjoy the work I’m doing at the
moment.
A.in other words B.on the other hand
C.for one thing D.as a matter of fact
答案　B
解析　本题考查介词短语的用法。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；
for one thing一则，常与for another thing连用，意为再则；as a matter of fact＝in fact事
实上。根据句意，B项正确。
(2)The organization is going to the plane.
A.blow away B.hide away
C.blow up D.put up
答案　C
8 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯身处困境时就去找曼德
拉。
I happened to be there when you were in trouble.当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。
He is ready to help those in trouble.他乐意帮助身处困境的人。
in trouble意为“有困难”，在句中作表语或定语。trouble前无冠词。
make trouble惹是生非
get into trouble遇到麻烦
ask for trouble自找麻烦
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
have trouble with sth.对……有麻烦
take (the) trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦地做某事
(1)He was with the police.
A.in danger B.in trouble C.in control D.in need
答案　B21世纪教育网
(2)Do you know the I have had finding your house
A.troubles B.difficulties C.trouble D.difficult
答案　C
9. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？为让黑
人与白人平等，曼德拉为什么会求助于暴力？
Turn to him for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要可求助于他。
She often turns to music for comfort when she is sad.
她悲伤时常听音乐寻求安慰。
There was no one in the street to whom I could turn for help at that time.
那时大街上没有我能求助的人。21世纪教育网
turn to意为“转向；求助于；致力于……”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
(1)She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to
for help.
A.turn to B.look for
C.deal with D.talk about
答案　A
(2)Through the economic reform，the economic situation of China much better than it
used to be.
A.turned into B.turned off C.turned in D.turned out
答案　D
(3)—Do you know where my blue coat is
—Don’t bother to look for it.I’m sure it will some day.
A.turn out B.turn on C.turn up D.turn over
答案　C
伊莱亚斯的故事
我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。
由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学。我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他对我的恩情。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。
Section Three　Grammar
定语从句(Ⅱ)[来源:21世纪教育网]
1.What is the name of the town where we stayed last night
2.Oct.1,1949 was the day when the Peple’s Republic of China was founded.
3.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
4.The school in which he once studied is very famous.
5.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
由以上1～4例句可以看出，若定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用关系副词或“介词＋which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作状语；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导，如例5。
1.where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后，在定语从句中只能作地点状语。注意：
where不在从句中作主语或宾语。
It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
Think of a place where we can go for dinner.
2.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后，在定语从句中只能作时间状语。
Oct.1,1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
3.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句，在定语从句中只能作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
This is the reason why(＝ for which) he cried.
4.介词＋which/whom结构
(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导；关系副
词有时也可以被此结构代替。
Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine (that/which) you asked for.
＝Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for which you asked.
(2)关系词whose常用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”结构来代替。
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
(3)“介词＋which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few
等代词或者数词，表示部分与整体的关系。
He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.
【注意】1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等。
This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(√)
This is the watch for which I am looking.(×)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用
which，不能用that。
The man with whom you talked is my friend.(√)
The man with that you talked is my friend.(×)
【支招】
如何判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的句子成分，若关系词在从句中
作状语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；若作宾语、主语或表语，则要求
用关系代词。
(1)I’ll never forget the days I worked together with you.
(2)I’ll never forget the days I spent in the countryside.
在句(1)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以填when；在句(2)中，要填的关
系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，所以应填that或which。
[来源:21世纪教育网]
Ⅰ.用where，which，when，why，whose填空
1.Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play which made the others unhappy.
2.I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.
3.The factory where his brother works lies in the south of the city.
4.They took care of the old man whose son lost his life in the fire.
5.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
6.We visited a factory which makes toys for children.
7.We visited a factory where toys are made for children.
8.Summer is the season when I like to travel.
Ⅱ.将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句
1.What’s the name of the girl Her grandapa took part in the Long March.→
What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March
2.The bus was the wrong one.Xiao Li was running after it.→
The bus which Xiao Li was running after was the wrong one.
3.The wallet has been found.Mr. Hopkins was looking for it.→
The wallet which Mr.Hopkins was looking for has been found.
4.The factory has been sold.He worked there ten years ago.→
The factory where he worked ten years ago has been sold.
5.The day was enjoyable.We played on the beach on that day.→
The day when we played on the beach was enjoyable.
6.Why is he so upset The reason is unknown.→
The reason why he is so upset is unknown.
Section Four　Using Language
Ⅰ.速读课文，回答下列问题
(1)What did Elias do when he was in prison
He studied and was taught by Nelson Mandela when he was in prison.
(2) Finally，what did Elias take as his job？Did he enjoy it
His job was taking the tourists round his old prison，at first he didn’t enjoy
his job but later he was proud to do this.
Ⅱ.精读课文，完成下列问题
1.Elias was unhappy in the prison because .
A.he was kept with the criminals
B.the prison guards studied with him
C.he had to study
D.he could not study for a degree
答案　D
2.Nelson Mandela showed how good a leader he was because .
A.he fought the guards in prison
B.he refused to let the guards study in his school
C.he let the guards study in his school but not take the exams
D.he let the guards study even though the prisoners could not take the exams
答案　D
3.Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because .
A.he had to study
B.he could study with the guards
C.he wanted to study
D.he could study and get a degree
答案　B
4.As the leader of South Africa，Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by .
A.giving them an education
B.giving them money
C.putting the guards in prison
D.giving them a job
答案　A
Language Points
1. It was a prison from which no one escaped.这是一个谁也不能逃掉的监狱。
She managed to escape from the burning car.
她终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
Her name escaped me.
我记不起她的名字了。
Luckily she escaped being killed in the accident.
幸运的是她在事故中躲过一劫。
escape，动词，意为“躲避，逃避”；escape from意为“从……中逃跑”。escape doing sth./
sth.避免做某事。
escape也可用作名词。
make one’s escape逃跑
have a narrow/near escape九死一生
a fire escape消防通道
Though he broke the rules，he escaped .
A.to punish B.punishing C.punish D.being punished
答案　D
2. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr.Mandela and the ANC came to power in
1994.在曼德拉与非国大于1994年上台前，我有20年没工作。
When did the party come to power
这个政党是何时上台的？
The party has been in power for four years.这个政党已执政4年了。
Don’t promise anything out of your power.
不要允诺任何力所不及的事。
come to power意为上台，执政，表动作，其同义短语是get into power，表状态时用
be in power。out of one’s power意为力所不及，其反义短语是in/within one’s power。
(1)How long he ？
A.has；come to power B.has；get into power
C.has；been in power D.has；been in his power
答案　C
(2)It is wise of you to let your child do something his power.
A.out B.out of C.in D.of
答案　C
3. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次对旅行团讲解时，我很不高兴。
The first time I climbed onto the roof I felt nervous.
我第一次爬到房顶上时，感到紧张不安。
I recognized her the moment I saw her.
我一见到她就认出她来了。
本句中的名词短语the first time引导的是时间状语从句。类似的短语还有every time每次，
the moment/minute一……就……，last time最后一次等。
(1)—When did he leave the classroom 21世纪教育网
—He left you turned back to write on the blackboard.
A.the minute B.the time
C.until D.before
答案　A
(2)I thought her nice and honest I met her.
A.first time B.for the first time
C.the first time D.by the first time
答案　C
(3)—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
—Yes.I gave it to her I saw her.
A.while B.the moment
C.suddenly D.once
答案　B
4. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my
reward after...他们说从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪水是给我的报酬……
By rights，half the reward should be mine.按理说，有一半奖赏应该是我的。
He will sooner or later be rewarded with punishment for his bad conduct.
他的恶行迟早会得到报应。
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。
reward，名词或动词，意为“酬劳，报酬”；reward sb.with sth.for sth.意为“为……以……
报答某人”；in reward for...作为对……的回报。
He always believes that the company will him his efforts.
A.offer；for B.reward；of
C.offer；of D.reward；for
答案　D
5. sentenced to fives years...被判处五年徒刑……
He was sentenced to 3 years.
他被判处3年徒刑。
The man was sentenced to death.
这人被判处死刑。
sentence，词性动词，意为“判刑”；“判某人……刑”用sentence sb.to...，其中to是介
词，后接名词。
It is reported that the murderer was sentenced .
A.to die B.for death C.for dying D.to death
答案　D
伊莱亚斯的故事续篇
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他又帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们那些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他用午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，我们用可以找到的任何东西作蜡烛来看书。我成了一名好学生，想要为我的学位而学习，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒和我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，却通过了考试。因此我就知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。
在监狱里呆完四年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察局发现了，告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有工作。在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的鞕打和暴行，我想到了我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我做不了这样的(导游的)工作，但是我的家人却鼓励我。他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在，我能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。
Section Five　Writing
给你支招
　　记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。 以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写。 一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接地表达以下六个问题，即：when(该事发生的时间)，where(该事发生的地点)，who(人物角色是谁)，what(发生的是什么事)，why(该事发生的原因)，以及how(事件的结果是如何造成的)等等。一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实。因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。 仔细审题，看准题目要求，确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。 具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力，叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。 写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合，注意衔接词的运用。 叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动，具有吸引力，必须注意词汇的选择，时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性，要与表达的内容一致。
品味鉴赏 品味佳作
　　今天是教师节，请根据以下提示写一篇记叙你的英语老师的短文，词数为100左右。 1.李老师教课生动活泼，印象深刻。 2.上课前班长通知说李老师要动手术，暂时不能来上课，谁能代课还未决定。 3.同学们悄然无声，似乎都担心她不再来上课了。 4.李老师走进教室，她说不愿意耽误同学们的功课，要求医生推迟了手术时间。并说新老师明天就来，希望同学们跟老师很好地相处，她病愈即返校。 Miss Li is our English teacher.She always impresses us deeply with her lively English class.One day，∧(应添加when) the first bell rang，the monitor stood up and said，“Our English teacher is going to have a (应改为an) operation today.It has not ∧(应添加been) decided yet who will give us the lesson.”The class turned silence (应改为silent) after his words.It seemed that no one would believe in (应删掉in) him.In fact，all of us were afraid that Miss Li would no longer ∧(应添加be) with us.At this moment，Miss Li appeared at the door.She looked tired and pale. “I’ll be miss (应改为missing) you badly，”she said at (应改为in) a low voice，“I have asked the doctor to put off the operation till tomorrow because I don’t want you to miss a single class.”She went on，“A new teacher will take ∧ (应添加my) place and I hope you’ll get ∧(应添加on或along) well with him or her.I’ll come back as soon as I am better.”Hearing this，all of us were moved to tear (应改为tears).What a good teacher we have！ 　　Miss Li is our English teacher.She always impresses us deeply with her lively English class.One day，when the first bell rang，the monitor stood up and said，“Our English teacher is going to have an operation today.It has not been decided yet who will give us the lesson.” The class turned silent after his words. It seemed that no one would believe him.In fact，all of us were afraid that Miss Li would no longer be with us.At this moment，Miss Li appeared at the door.She looked tired and pale. “I’ll be missing you badly，”she said in a low voice，“I have asked the doctor to put off the operation till tomorrow because I don’t want you to miss a single class.”She went on，“A new teacher will take my place and I hope you’ll get on well with him or her.I’ll come back as soon as I’m better.” Hearing this, all of us were moved to tears.What a good teacher we have！
以我之见
　　本文中我欣赏的句子是：I have asked the doctor to put off the operation...；能让全文连贯的过渡词或连接句是at this moment，hearing this...。
【趁热打铁】
一对外发行的英文报纸有“人物剪影”栏目，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍我国著名乒乓球运动员王楠。
提示：
1.王楠：1978年10月出生于辽宁；
2.身高1.62米，体重54公斤；
3.7岁开始打球，1989年进入辽宁队，1993年入选国家队；
4.训练刻苦，与队友相处融洽；
5.喜欢上网，交友。
6.在国际比赛中获得几十枚金牌，为国家争得了荣誉。
注意：1.题目自拟；
2.不要逐条翻译提示，可适当增加细节，以使短文连贯；
3.词数100左右。
网址：wangnan @ wang nan net.
【参考范文】
Wang Nan—World Champion in Pingpong
Wang Nan, a world champion in pingpong, is 1.62 meters tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.She began to play pingpong at the age of seven.She worked in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.She likes going on the net and she enjoys chatting with friends through the Internet.You can find more information about her at wangnan @ wang nan net.
检验真知——目标回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.
2.selfish adj.自私的→self n.自我；自身→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的
3.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
4.peace n.和平→peaceful adj.
5.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n.
6.unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.(反义词)
7.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的
8.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n.乞丐
9.reward n.报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏→award n.奖；授予；vt.授予奖励；判给
10.quality n.质量；品质；性质
11.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
12.stage n.舞台；阶段；时期
13.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举；n.投票；选票；表决
14.attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
15.escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
16.blanket n.毛毯；毯子
17.relative n.亲戚；亲属
18.president n.总统；会长；校长；行长；主席
19.opinion n.意见；看法；主张
Ⅱ.重点短语[来源:21世纪教育网]
1.lose heart丧失信心
2.come to power当权；上台
3.be sentenced to...被判处……(徒刑)
4.in one’s opinion在某人看来
5.as a matter of fact事实上
6.blow up充气；爆炸
7.in trouble在困境中
8.set up设立
9.turn to求助于；致力于
10.devote...to...献身；专心于
11.out of work失业
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.He died for his ideas but his work is still used in the official Bible today.
2.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，
until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
4....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight
the government.
5....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
6.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
Ⅳ.重点语法
若定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用关系副词或“介词＋which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作状语；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由介词＋which/whom引导。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
　　Unit 4　Earthquakes
【单元导航】
Moved by mother’s great love
She had died when the rescuers found her.She was buried by the crushed house.Through gaps of those ruins，we can see her last posture(姿态).Being on her knees，the upper part of the body was prostrate (趴着的) forward，with her hands on the ground to support her body.That was something like an ancient who was kowtowing.
The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using the crowbar(铁棍)，but no response inside.
Then the rescuing team went to next building，suddenly the leader ran back，calling “come here”.He came to the body，stretched his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly “there is someone，a baby，still living”.
Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins carefully which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was wrapped in a small red quilt with yellow flowers scattered in red.He was about 3 or 4 months’ old.Since well protected by mother’s body，he was totally safe.He was sleeping on both ears when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor along with the rescuing team unfastened the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone filled in the quilt.The doctor looked at the screen subliminally，a written message was already there: “My dear baby，if you could live，don’t forget how much I love you”.As a doctor，he experienced too much of parting forever；but at this moment，he wept.The mobile was passed，every person who saw this message shaded tears.
Section One　Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.Who can remember what happened in Yushu，in Qinghai Province in the year 2010
A terrible earthquake broke out there on April 14th.More than 2,200 people were killed.
2.Do you know any other natural disasters
tornadoes；typhoons/hurricanes；volcano eruption；drought；floods；etc.
3.Can you tell some famous land earthquakes
(1)Pakistan Earthquake：On October 8th,2005，a terrible earthquake which measured 7.6 on
the Richter scale happened in Pakistan，Afghanistan and India.And Pakistan was the most
serious affected country，in which 38,000 people died,62,000 people injured and 25,000 people
were homeless.(2)San Francisco：On October 17,1989，an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the
Richter scale struck San Francisco.(3)The Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
4.Do you know why an earthquake happens
The plates are moving constantly.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for
years.Then suddenly，they jump and an earthquake happens.As a result of the movement
of these plates，west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.
5.What do you think may happen before an earthquake
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.The
chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.The dog barked loudly again and again.People
could see bright lights in the sky.
Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下列问题
1.What happened
2.Where did it happen
3.How long did it last
4.Who helped to rescue the trapped people
Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题
1.概括每一部分的大意
Part 1(Para.1)：Before the earthquake，strange things began to happen but no one
took any notice of them.
Part 2(Paras.2～3)：The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the
people very much.
Part 3(Para.4)：The army came to help the survivors，bringing hope for a new life.
2.True or false
(1)People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed that night.(F)
(2)People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.(T)
(3)More than 400,000 people were killed in the earthquake.(F)
(4)Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.(T)
(5)People tried to get fresh water from under the ground in Tangshan.(F)
3.完成下列表格
Main idea Details
Signs beforethe earthquake(Para.1) (1)Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.21世纪教育网The water in the wells (2)rose and (3)fell.A (4)smelly gas came out of the cracks.The chickens and even the pigs were too (5)nervous to (6)eat.Mice (7)ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish about (8)jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about (9)3∶00 a.m. on July 28,1976，people saw (10)bright lights in the sky.
Damage caused byearthquake(Paras.2～3) At (11)3∶42 a.m.，the (12)greatest earthquake of the 20th century began.(13)Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of (14)dirt.(15)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.Two (16)dams and most of the bridges fell.The railway tracks were now (17)useless pieces of (18)steel.(19)Sand now filled the wells instead of water.Water，food，and (20)electricity were hard to get.
　4.填入正确的数据
(1)1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake.
(2)A huge crack that was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres wide cut across houses，roads and
canals.
(3)In 15 terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
(4)2/3 of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
(5)The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
(6)All of the city’s hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were
gone.
Ⅳ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语
1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
句子结构分析：现在分词短语looking for places to hide在句中表伴随，作伴随状语。
翻译：老鼠从地里跑出来找地方藏身。
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
句子结构分析：It seemed as if是固定句型结构，意为“看起来像是……”。
翻译：看起来像是到了世界末日！
3.Water, food，and electricity were hard to get.
句子结构分析：本句的结构是：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do，其中to do用主动形式表示被动
含义。
翻译：水、电和食物都很难弄到。
4.All hope was not lost.
句子结构分析： all 与not 连用表示部分否定。
翻译：并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
Ⅴ.根据下列提示复述课文
sign　　damage　　rescue
——|————|————|——→
　　　before...　during...　after...
Section Two　Language Points
1. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，
鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
They reached the station too late to catch the train.
他们到火车站太迟了，没赶上火车。
以上句式用了too...to结构，意思为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。但是当
too...to...用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词时，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，
pleased，ready，willing等，不定式为肯定意义。
He remarked he was too delighted to visit our city.
他说他很高兴访问我市。
(1)这个箱子太重，提不起来。
The box is too heavy to lift.
(2)老师们很乐意接受对他们的教学方法提出的建议。
Teachers are too glad to accept the suggestions on their teaching method.
2. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的
水管爆裂了。
He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
The dam burst under the weight of water.
大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
He burst into the room without knocking.
他没敲门就闯进了屋子。
The sun burst through the clouds.
太阳破云而出。
The words burst from her in an angry rush.
她脱口说出了那一堆气话。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
隔壁房间突然爆发出一阵笑声。
burst既是名词也是动词，意为“爆炸；猛冲；爆发；突然出现”。
burst into突然闯入，突然……起来，后接名词
burst into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来
burst into a room(闯)进房间
burst out突然开始，后接v. ing形式；(战争、疾病等)突然发生(＝break out)
burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来
burst in突然插嘴，打断谈话；突然来到
(1)He suddenly burst into tears/burst out crying (哭了起来).
(2)The audience burst into cheers/burst out cheering (爆发了一阵欢呼声).
(3)The war burst out/broke out (爆发).
3. It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
①You look/looked as if you had seen a ghost.
你的神色看起来像撞到鬼了。
②He looks as if he were an artist.
看上去他好像是个艺术家似的。
③She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.
她讲英语很流利，就像在美国学习过似的。
④It seems as if it’s going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
⑤It seemed as if he wasn’t satisfied with your work.
看来他好像对你的工作不满意。
as if系从属连词，意为“好像”。根据情况，as if从句中可使用真实语气，如例句④⑤，
表示事实如此；从句也可用虚拟语气，如例句①②③，表示事实并非如此。as if从句表示
的动作如果指现在的动作，从句的谓语用一般过去时(be用were)；如果表示过去的动作，
从句中用过去完成时；如果指将来，则用would＋动词原形。
as if从句的主语如果和主句的主语一致，同时从句的谓语中含有be的某种形式，这时可以
把从句的主语和be省去，后面保留介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语等形式。
He shook his head as if to say “No”.他摇了摇头，似乎想说“不”。
When he had finished，he waited as if for a reply.
讲完后，他等着，仿佛在等一个答复。
He looked around as if for help.
他环视四周，好像在寻求帮助。
(1)It seems as if she the novel but in fact she’s never heard of it at all.
A.had read B.has read
C.read D.would read
答案　A
(2)The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in
the right direction.
A.seeing B.having seen
C.to see D.to have seen
答案　C
(3)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.was happening B.happens
C.has happened D.happened
答案　D
4. Two thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中受
伤或死去。
I was injured in a street accident.
我在一次车祸中受了伤。
John fell off the tree and injured his back.
约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤了。
injure，词性为动词，意为“损害，伤害”。
injury n.伤害，损伤
injured adj.受伤的
the injured受伤的人；伤员(表示一类人)
injure，hurt，wound，harm
(1)injure多指造成容颜、机能的损害；在事故中受伤。
(2)hurt一般指精神上或肉体上受到伤害，有强烈的疼痛感。
(3)wound指(人)在战斗、攻击中受伤。
(4)harm常用于口语，一般用作及物动词，表示“对……有害/损害”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
吸烟太多会损害你的健康。
You will harm your health by smoking too much.
5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了
废墟。
He wanted to become a doctor but his mother’s death was the ruin of his hope.
他想当医生，但他母亲的死使他的希望破灭了。
She poured water over my painting and ruined it.
她把水浇在我的画上，将画毁掉了。
We visited the ruins of the temple.
我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。
The castle is now in ruins.
城堡现在已成废墟。
ruin动词或名词，意为“毁灭，毁坏”，其复数形式ruins意为“废墟，遗迹”，in ruins
意为“成为废墟”。
bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人
come/go to ruin毁灭
The fire left the temple .
A.ruin B.in ruin C.ruins D.in ruins
答案　D
6. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.所见之处，几乎一切都被毁了。
①His dog follows him everywhere he goes.
无论到哪里，他那条狗总跟着他。
②I can’t find my pen though I’ve looked everywhere.
我到处找那支钢笔，可就是找不到。
③Everywhere seemed silent.
万籁俱寂。
④Fire destroyed the forest.
大火烧毁了森林。
⑤The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。
在例①中，everywhere用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“无论何处”；在例②中词性是副
词，意为“到处，处处”，在例③中词性是名词，意为“每个地方”。在例④⑤中，
destroy词性是动词，意为“破坏，毁坏，消灭”。
destroy，damage，ruin
(1)destroy指彻底的损坏，常含不能或很难修复的意思。destroy可接人，也可以接物。
(2)damage损坏，毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值。damage通常接物。
(3)ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果。常[来源:21世纪教育网]
指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
用destroy，damage，ruin的适当形式填空
(1)What left the town in ruins
(2)The fire destroyed their houses and they became homeless.
(3)The fire did great damage to the town.
7. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和营救人
员被困在了废墟下。
The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
救生艇被派出去救沉船上的水手。
The rescue team came to the visitors’ rescue on the island.
救援队去营救岛上的游客。
The car was trapped in the deep snow.
车陷在深雪中了。
I was trapped into signing a confession.
我被诱骗在供词上签了字。
rescue，名词或动词，意为“营救”，rescue sb.from...意为“从……中把人救出来”；
the rescue team意为“救援队”；come/go to sb.’s rescue意为“营救某人”。be trapped in/
by...意为“困在……中”；trap sb.into doing sth./sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”。
be caught in＝be stuck in＝be trapped in均意为“困在……中”。
(1)The soldiers have tried to go to rescue in the lake.
A.the boy B.their
C.the D.the boy’s
答案　D
(2)The girl cried because she the elevator.
A.has trapped in B.had trapped by
C.was trapped with D.was trapped in
答案　D
8. All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
Not all the answers are right.
＝All the answers are not right.
并非所有的答案都对。
Not every boy likes football.
＝Every boy does not like football.
并不是每个男孩都喜欢足球。
Both of them don’t like English.
他们俩并不都喜欢英语。
以上例句在意义上都表示部分否定，译为“并不是所有的都……；两者不都……”；其构
成条件是not＋all/every/both...或all/every/both...＋not。
“all，every，both等全肯定词＋not＋谓语动词”或“not＋all，every，both等全肯定词＋
谓语动词”构成部分否定。所谓全肯定词，是指含有全体意义的代词与副词，常见的有：
all，both，always，every(everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere)等。如果表示全
部否定，要分别用none，neither，never，no，nobody，nothing，nowhere。
Neither of them is doctors.他们俩都不是医生。
No boy likes football. 没有一个男孩喜欢足球。
(1)All men here are not honest.
这儿的人并非都诚实。
(2)Both of the brothers don’t like the film.
兄弟俩并不都喜欢这部电影。
(3)Not everything went well with him.
他并非每件事情都顺利。
(4)I never get up late.
我从不晚起床。
(5)None of my friends smoke.
我的朋友都不吸烟。
(6)Nothing is needed.
什么都不需要。
9 To the north of the city，most of the 10，000 miners were rescued from the coal mines
there.在城市的北部，有一个有万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。
①To the south of the mountain，there is a river.
在山的南面有一条河。
②To the east of the village lies a factory.
村东有个工厂。
③East of the town is a tower.
城东有个塔。
在例①中，to the south of the mountain在句中作状语。在例②中，表示方位的to the east of
the village置于句首，本句用了倒装结构，该短语也可省略为像例③的east of the
village形式。
方位词位于句首时，常用句式为：(To the)East/West...＋动词＋主语。
stands a tower.
A.To east of the hill B.The east of the hill
C.In the east of the hill D.East of the hill
答案　D
地球的一个不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大地震中的一次就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1/3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。
幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员。数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
Section Three　Grammar
定语从句(Ⅰ)
[来源:21世纪教育网]
1.Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.
2.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.
3.The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
4.We don’t know the number of people that/who lost their homes in the earthquake of 1906.
以上4句的斜体部分都是对其前的名词进行修饰限制的，即作了该名词的定语。定语是用
来限定、修饰名词或代词的，主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副
词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个从句即定语从句来担任。单词作定
语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之
后，作后置定语。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成
分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。如以
上例句中的斜体部分。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有[来源:21世纪教育网]
that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。关系词常
有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词，如以上例句中的划线部分。
1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
The house (that) I’m going to buy faces south.21世纪教育网
Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Lao She.
2.which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
I’m not interested in the book which has just been published.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
3.who、whom指人，在从句中who作主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语；作宾语时二者都可
以省略。
The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
4.whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。
The girl whose father had given us a report got first.
That’s the machine whose parts are too small to see.
5.限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况
(1)当先行词是anything，everything，nothing (something 除外)，few，all，none，little，
some等代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰
时。
Have you taken down everything (that) Mr.Li has said
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little (that) I can do for you.
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
(2)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very来修饰或当先行词前面有
who，which等疑问代词时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have seen.
Wang Hua is the only person in our school that will attend the meeting.
Who is the man that is standing there
Which is the T shirt that fits me most
(3)当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned
(4)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with who，whom，whose，which and that.
1.The man who/whom/that I saw told me to wait.
2.The man to whom I spoke was a foreigner.
3.I know a boy whose father is an acrobat(杂技演员).
4.He saw a house whose windows were all broken.
5.All the apples that fall are eaten by wild boars.
6.Can you think of anyone that/who could look after him
7.This is the best hotel that I know.
8.He showed us a machine whose parts were too small to be seen.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.他指给我看他画的画。
He showed me the picture that he drew.
2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
I don’t know the girl whom/that/who you speak to.
3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
She is a girl who is called Mary.
4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。
Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.
5.你记不记得我们一起度过的那一天？
Do you remember the day that we spent together
Section Four　Using Language
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.Have you ever written a speech
2.What is a speech
Speech means an act of speaking formally to a group of listeners.
3.What do you have to consider when you are writing a speech Please discuss it in pairs.
(1)Who is the audience (2)How can we express ourselves clearly
Ⅱ.What should you include in your speech when you try to write a speech Read the letter on
Page 30 and imagine you are the student who was invited to give a speech.Now write a
short speech，in which you should follow the points in Exercise 2 on Page 30.
Language Points
1. This frightened boy whose mother was lost...is looking for her now.那个受了惊吓的男
孩……正在找走失的妈妈。 21世纪教育网
Don’t stand so near the well.You are frightening me.
别站得离井这么近，你吓死我了。
The frightened girl hid herself behind the big tree.
这个吓坏了的小女孩藏在了大树后。
I still remember the frightening experience on the lonely island.
我依然记得在那个偏僻的岛上的骇人的经历。
frighten，及物动词，意为“使惊吓，使害怕”；frightened，形容词，意为“吓坏的，害
怕的”；frightening，词性形容词，意为“令人害怕的”。
fright n.惊吓，害怕
用frighten的适当形式填空
(1)It’s frightening to think how easily children can be hurt.
(2)There was a frightening storm last night.
(3)Don’t be frightened.We’re not going to hurt you.
(4)Some of the children cried out in fright.
(5)The young lady was frightened to drive alone.
2. Congratulations！ We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking
competition about new Tangshan.恭喜你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的
演讲比赛中获得第一名。
Congratulations! I hear you’ve passed the examinations.
祝贺你！听说你通过考试了。
Please accept my congratulations on your marriage.
请接受我对您的新婚祝贺。
Congratulations on the success to you!
祝贺你，你成功了！
congratulation，词性名词，常用其复数形式表达祝贺；“祝贺某人某事”表达为
congratulations on sth.to sb.。
congratulate v.祝贺
congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事
我祝贺你成功。
(1)I congratulate you on your success.
(2)Congratulations on your success.
3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best
one this year.评委会的五个评委听了你的演讲，都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
The judge thought highly of your speech.
这个裁判对你的演讲高度评价。
Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。
judge，名词，意为“裁判员，法官”；也可作动词，意为“断定，判决”。
judge...by/from...意为“根据……判断……”。
judging by/from...意为“从……来判断”，在句中作插入语，不受句子主语的限制。
Judging from his accent，he comes from Shandong.
从口音判断，他来自山东。
Judging by his look，he wasn’t pleased. 从表情上看他不高兴。
(1)Don’t judge a book its cover.
A.from B.about C.for D.with
答案　A
(2) from his words，his work is going well.
A.Judge B.To judge C.Judged D.Judging
答案　D
中国，河北
唐山市政府办公室
200 年7月5日
亲爱的 ：21世纪教育网
恭喜你！ 我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母和你的学校会为你而骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十 年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来。
诚挚的，
张沙
[来源:21世纪教育网]
Section Five　Writing
给你支招
　　新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：(一)标题、(二)导语、(三)主体、(四)结语。标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是标题浏览者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。 一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的内容来确定是否要结语或其他内容(如事件和历史背景等).有时,还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。
品味鉴赏 品味佳作
　　5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和Zhang Hua 去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100词左右的新闻报道。 1.时间、地点、任务、活动； 2.老人们的反应； 3.简短评论。 注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)。 Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly... By Chen Jie，School Newspaper Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly Li Yue and Zhang Hua are in Class Three，Grade Two.They went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary works(应改为work).When they arrived at (应删掉) there，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed，and they gave (应改为presented) the elderly with flowers and fruits.They started working at once，cleaning the windows and swept (应改为sweeping) the floor. ∧(应添加After) Everything was done，they sat in the yard chat (应改为chatting) with the elderly. It was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly thanked ∧(应添加them for) their kindness.They said it was such beautiful a day (应改为such a beautiful day或such改为so) that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy.What they did has taken (应改为brought) joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie，School Newspaper 　　Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day，Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Class Three，Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work.Upon their arrival，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed，and respectfully，they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits.Then，they started working at once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor.Everything done，they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly. When it was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly thanked them for their kindness.They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy.What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie，School Newspaper 21世纪教育网
以我之见
　　本文用了较高级的表达，如Upon their arrival，present...with...，enrich their own lives；独立主格结构：Everything done，they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly.
【趁热打铁】
假如今年6月2日澳大利亚中学生代表团(delegation)一行十人到你校参观，请以“The Australian Middle School Student Visit Our School”为题写一篇新闻报道，投寄给当地的《中学生英文报》。主要内容如下：
1.该团上午9时到校，受到师生的热烈欢迎。
2.9点30分举行欢迎大会，校长和外宾分别在会上讲了话。
3.会后参观了校园、实验室、图书馆及校办工厂，并听了英语课。
4.下午3时外宾与部分师生座谈。
5.下午5时代表团离校。
【参考范文】
The Australian Middle School Student Visit Our School
A delegation of 10 Australian middle school students visited our school on June 2nd.They arrived at around 9 a.m..Everyone in our school were really excited about this and gave them warm welcomes.The welcoming ceremony started at 9∶30.Our headmaster and foreign friends gave some speeches respectively.After the meeting，our foreign friends visited our classrooms，labs，libraries and school oriented factories.They felt very happy about them and they decided to take an English class with us.At 3 p.m. foreign friends have a symposium with part of our students and teachers.The delegation team left at 5 p.m..Both they and we had a good time.
检验真知——目标回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.suffering n.苦难；痛苦→suffer vt.& vi.遭受
2.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
3.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n.
4.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动→shocking/shocked adj.
5.electricity n.电；电流；电学→electric adj.电气科学的；与电有关的
6.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
7.congratulation n.祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate v.祝贺
8.express vt.表示；表达； n.快车；速递→expression n.表达，表示；词语
9.burst vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发21世纪教育网
10.event n.事件；大事
11.ruin n.废墟；毁灭；vt.毁灭；使破产
12.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
13.track n.轨道；足迹；痕迹
14.rescue n.& vt.援救；营救
15.trap vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境
16.disaster n.灾难；灾祸
17.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
18.shelter n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
19.harm n.& vt.损失；损害
20.judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判断；判决
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.dig out掘出；发现
2.be buried in埋头于；专心于
3.judge from...从……判断
4.be proud of为……而自豪；引以为荣
5.break out爆发；发生
6.get rid of离开，逃脱
7.a (great) number of许多
8.the number of……的数量/数字
9.at once/right away立刻；马上
10.burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑
11.as if仿佛；好像
12.at an end结束；终结
13.be/lie in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
3.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
4.All hope was not lost.
5.To the north of the city，most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
Ⅳ.重点语法
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
　　　 　unit 1　Friendship
【单元导航】
World War Ⅱ
In 1933，the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.Many European Jews
lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy or influence.By 1945，nearly two out
of every three European Jews had been killed as part of the “Final Solution”，which was the
Nazi policy to murder all the Jews of Europe.
Section One　Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.建议听无印良品的《朋友》和老狼的《睡在我上铺的兄弟》，感悟朋友的真正含义。
2.选择下面的词语描绘你最要好的朋友
sociable，honest，friendly，easy going，nervous，open minded，anxious，careful，
talented，talkative，nosy，thoughtful，generous，carefree，pessimistic，peaceful，
optimistic，interesting，reliable，helpful，active，careless，caring，exact，adventurous，
imaginative，hot blooded，well organised，trustworthy，patient，responsible，outgoing，
kind，brave，warm hearted，selfless，tolerant，etc.
3.回答下列问题
(1)Why do you need friends？Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.
to cope with stressful situations in life；to share my worries and secrets in my
inner world；to show my concern for other people；to let other people share my
happiness；to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few)，etc.
(2)What do you think a good friend should be like？List what a good friend should do and
share the list with your partners.
tell me the truth (honest)；be good to me (friendly)；be willing to consider or
accept others’ ideas or opinions (open minded)；be willing to help others (generous
or helpful)；be good tempered；think about what others need and try to help them
(caring)；be loyal to their responsibility (responsible)；not easily upset (easy going)；
be outgoing (like to meet and talk to new people)；be tolerant (allow other people to
have different opinions or do something in a different way)；be selfless (to name but
few)，etc.
(3)Does a friend always have to be a person？What else can be a friend
Answers can be various.
(4)Do you think a diary can become your friend？Why or why not
Students’ answers may vary but must include a reason.e.g.Yes.I think it can be，
because I can set down how I feel every day in my diary，and let other people
read it to share my feelings some time later.Above all，it feels good to write down
my thoughts and feelings on paper when I am sad or lonely.
Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下列问题
1.Look at the pictures and the title of the reading passage.Guess what it might be about.
2.Who was Anne’s best friend
Her diary—Kitty.
3.When did the story happen
During World War Ⅱ.
4.How many parts does it contain？What are the different parts about
It contains two parts.One part is one page of Anne’s diary，the other part is the
background knowledge about Anne and her diary.
Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题
1.概括每段的大意
Para 1：Anne made her diary her best friend whom she could tell everything to.
Para 2：Anne’s diary acted as her true friend during the time she and her family had
to hide away for a long time.
Para 3：Having been kept indoors for so long，Anne grew so crazy about everything
to do with nature.
2.完成下列表格
The place of the story (1)Netherlands
The heroine’s full name (2)Anne Frank
Her best friend (3)her diary—Kitty
The length of time her family hid away (4)over two years
The time they started to hide (5)July 1942
3.匹配题
(1)Anne kept a diary because
(2)She felt very lonely because
(3)They had to hide because
(4)Anne named her diary Kitty because
A.She couldn’t meet her friends.
B.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.
C.She could tell everything to it.
D.She wanted it to be her best friend.
答案　(1)→C　(2)→A　(3)→B　(4)→D
Ⅳ.写出表达Anne感情的词
sad，anxious，eager，excited，earnest，crazy，calm，lonely...
Ⅴ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语
1.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so
crazy about everything to do with nature.
句子结构分析：If引导的是wonder的宾语从句，其中含有一个强调句型，其结构是It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余的部分。be crazy about意为对……着迷/疯狂；
everything to do with nature意为与自然有关的一切。
翻译： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的
事物都无比狂热。
2.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds,
moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
句子结构分析：That引导的是remember的宾语从句；there was a time when...意为“曾经
一度，曾经有一段时间……”。
翻译：我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰
神往过。
3....it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...
句子结构分析： It was＋the first/second...time＋that＋ 主语＋过去完成时态意为“某人
第几次干某事”。
翻译：这是一年半以来我第一次目睹夜晚……
4.I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
句子结构分析： hanging before very dusty windows在句中作定语，修饰curtains。
翻译：我只能透过挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。
Ⅵ.参考所提供的信息用第一人称来复述课文
Anne’s best friend
what her diary
what kind told everything to
when World War Ⅱ
where Amsterdam，Netherlands
what hid away so as not to be caught
Anne’s feeling
Time Nature Feeling
Beforehiding blue sky，songs of birds，moonlight，flowers never feltspellbound
Afterhiding darkness，rain，wind，thundering clouds felt crazy，held in their power
Section Two　Language Points
　　　　　　　　　　
1. Add up your score and see how many points you get.把得分加起来，看你能得多少。
Add up all the money I borrowed from you.
把我从你那儿借的钱都加在一起。
If we add these marks up，we’ll get a total of 90.
如果我们把这些分数加起来，总数就有九十分了。
He set down the weights of all the stones and then added them up.
他记下了所有石头的重量，然后合计起来。
add up意为加起来；合计，是动副搭配；“把A加起来”表示为add up＋A或add＋A
＋up，但若A为代词，表述为add＋A＋up。
add to增加
add...to...往……里添加……
add up to总计；加起来等于
add that...补充说……
The bad weather added to our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。
Please add some sugar to the milk.请往牛奶里加些糖。
He expressed his thanks to me and added that he would come back.
他表达了对我的感谢之情并补充说他还会来的。
(1)The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness of
the crew at sea.
　 　A.added to B.resulted from C.turned out D.made up
答案　A
(2)She gave many excuses，but what they was that she didn’t want to come.
A.added to B.added
C.added up D.added up to
答案　B
(3)All his schooling no more than one year.
A.added up to B.added to
C.is added up D.added
答案　A
2. When he/she borrowed it last time，he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it
repaired.他/她上次借时，把它弄坏了，你得花钱维修。
I must get the radio mended.
我必须把这台收音机修好。
He has got his hair cut.他已理发了。
get A done意为叫人做A，其中get意为使，过去分词done与A之间是动宾关系，即
被动关系。
get A done＝have A done让A被……
get A to do＝have A do让A去做……
get A doing＝have A doing使A一直做；容忍A做……
Get your father to come tomorrow.＝Have your father come tomorrow.
明天叫你父亲来。
He got/had the light burning all the night.
他让灯通宵亮着。
We won’t have (get) anyone separating Taiwan from China.
我们不容忍任何人把台湾从中国分离出去。
I’ll get my bad teeth pulled out tomorrow.
明天我让人把坏牙拔掉。
(1)I got him to find a house for me (给我找房子).
(2)She got the horse tied to the tree (拴在了树上).
(3)I shouldn’t have got you standing (老站着).
3. Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友忧心忡忡地来到了学校。
He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
I’m suffering from an upset stomach.我的肠胃正不舒服呢。
upset系形容词，在句中可作表语、定语和状语，be upset over/about/at...意为因……感
到心烦意乱。
upset vt.(upset；upset；upsetting)使……心烦意乱；使……不适；打翻；打乱
Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely.
她把从朋友那儿借来的项链弄丢了，这使她心烦意乱。
The lousy food upsets my stomach.这糟糕的饭菜使我肠胃不适。
Be careful not to upset the bottle of ink.小心不要打翻了这瓶墨水。
Rain upset our plan for a picnic.下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。
(1)Your choice upset him (使他不安).
(2)Don’t be upset at/over/about it (别为这事心烦了).Just forget it.
4. ignore the bell...不顾及铃声……
He ignores my advice and goes on playing.他不顾我的劝告而继续玩。
His problems can’t be ignored.他的问题不容忽视。
ignore是动词，意为忽视；不理睬。
ignorant adj.无知的；很无礼的
ignorance n.无知
He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the speed limit.
他车开得很快，因为他不知道要限速。
His failure resulted from ignorance.他的失败起因于他的无知。
用ignore及其派生词的适当形式填空
(1)I said hello to her，but she ignored me completely.
(2)I was ignorant of the fact that the boss could be so strict.
(3)We are in complete ignorance of his plans.
(4)He ignores the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
5. ..and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down...去某个安静的地方让你的朋友平
静下来。
Calm down；what’s the matter 镇定点，怎么了？
The teacher calmed her students down.老师让学生们镇定了下来。
calm是动词，意为镇定，使……平静下来；calm down意为平静下来；系动副搭配。
calm也可用作形容词或名词。
keep calm保持镇定
When in trouble，she is calm.面对困境，她很沉着。
The city was calm after the war.战后该城宁静了。
They sat in the yard to enjoy the calm of the evening.
他们坐在院子里享受这夜晚的宁静。
Keep calm when in danger.身处危险时要保持镇定。
单词 意义区别
calm 用于人时，指内心平静；用于自然界时，形容风和日丽的天气或风平浪静的海洋。
quiet 用于人时，指生性安静的；用于自然界时，指没有干扰、喧闹或骚动。
still 表示暂时不动、静止，强调不作出动作。
silent 沉默的，主要指不说话或不喧闹。
When facing danger，one should keep calm；when taken photos，one should keep still；
when someone else is asleep，one should keep quiet；in class，one shouldn’t keep silent
about the teacher’s questions.
一个人面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持
安静；在课堂上，对老师的提问不应保持沉默。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
用calm，quiet，still和silent填空
(1)Please be quiet.Don’t make so much noise.
(2)Stand still while I take a photo of you.
(3)Whatever I asked him，Kerry still kept silent.
(4)We must be calm in an emergency.
(5)After the storm，the sea was calm.
6. ...you are concerned about him/her...你担心他/她……
We’re rather concerned about father’s health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。
I am concerned about my little brother.我关心我的小弟弟。
concerned既是concern的过去分词，也可用作形容词，作表语或定语；be concerned
about意为关心……，为……而担心。
concern v.影响；涉及；n.担心，忧虑；关心
as far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned over sth.＝be concerned about sth.为某事担忧；关心……
be concerned with/in牵涉到，与……有关
Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much.
参与此事的人对此都深感遗憾。
As far as I am concerned，I am against the plan.就我个人而言，我反对这计划。
This matter concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.
这件事对孩子们的健康成长影响极大。
It’s no concern of mine.这事与我无关。
She showed great concern about you.她很为你担心。
用适当的介词填空
(1)He is said to have been concerned in the crime.
(2)Rescuers were concerned about the safety of the men trapped in the floods.
(3)The government expressed their concern for the life of the laid off workers.
(4)The fellow was concerned with the matter.
7. While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.溜狗的
时候，你很粗心让它松扣了并被车撞了。
While reading the book，he laughed sometimes.
读这本书时，他不时地大笑起来。
When laughed at，he wants to cry.被嘲笑时，他想哭。
If possible，he’ll leave tomorrow.可能的话，他明天走。
句中的while walking the dog＝while you were walking the dog。while后省略了主语you
和be动词were。when laughed at＝when he is laughed at，when后省略了主语he和be
动词is。由此可见，when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且谓
语含有be动词或为it is(was)形式，可省略从句中的主语和be或it is (was)。
在条件状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有系动词be，也
可省去从句中的主语和be动词。
I won’t go to her party，even if (I’m) invited.
即使受到邀请我也不去参加她的聚会。
Once seen，it’ll never be forgotten.
一旦见到，它将难以被忘记。
句型转换
(1)A：He fell asleep while he was reading.
B：He fell asleep while reading.
(2)A：When he was asked，he kept silent.
B：When asked，he kept silent.
(3)A：If it is necessary，I’ll come.
B：If necessary，I’ll come.
8. ...，or would not understand what you are going through.……或者并不理解你所经历
的事情。
Most families went through a lot in the war.
战争中多数家庭经历过很多困难。
I can’t go through the letters in an hour.
一个小时的时间我可审阅不完这些信。
The plan didn’t go through the CEO.
这计划未被CEO接受。
He has gone through all his money for his illness.
他因病而花光了所有的钱。
go through意为经历，经受；仔细查看；通过；用光，无被动语态。
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)The country has gone through too many wars since the ancient times.
(2)Time goes off slowly.
(3)The students are going over their lessons for the coming exam.
(4)You shouldn’t buy houses because their price is going up.
(5)Human beings shouldn’t go against nature to live.
9.I don’t want to set down a series of facts...我不想只是记下一系列的事实……
You don’t have to set down all that our teacher said.
你不必把老师讲的都记下来。
How shall I set myself down in the hotel register
在旅馆的登记簿上，我应如何登记自己的身份呢？
set down意为记下，写下，系动副搭配。
(1)他不愿把老师说的记下来。
He wouldn’t set down what the teacher said.
(2)她早饭后着手写报告并且中午就交上了。
She set about the report after breakfast and handed it in at noon.
(3)你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。
If you want to catch that train，we’d better set off for the station immediately.
10. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve
grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法
出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
It was yesterday that I met Ann in the street. 我是昨天在街上遇见安的。
It is he who is going to speak at the school meeting.是他要在校会上发言。
It was in the street that I met my old friend yesterday.
昨天我是在街上碰到了我的老朋友。
Was it you that/who let out the secret to her
是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？
本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，主句是I wonder，if引导的是宾语从句，其含有一个
强调句型结构，其结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that从句。
强调句型可对句中的主语、宾语、表语、状语等进行强调，若强调的主语是人，后面
的that也可用who代替，可译为“正是……”。
(1)强调结构的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it...that...？”形式。
Was it from Qing Hua University that he graduated
到底清华大学是不是他毕业的学校？
(2)强调结构的特殊疑问句用“特殊疑问词＋is/was it that...？”形式。
When was it that you met him 你到底是什么时候见到他的？
(3)被强调部分是时间状语(从句)或地点状语(从句)时，不用when和where，而只能用
that。
It was last night that I saw your brother in the street.
我是昨天晚上在街上见到你哥哥的。
It was in the street that I saw your brother last night.
昨天晚上我是在街上见到你哥哥的。
(4)在强调句型中，要注意人称代词的使用。强调主语时，人称代词用主格；强调宾语
时，人称代词用宾格。
(×)It was her and me who went to see him yesterday.
(√)It was she and I who went to see him yesterday.(强调主语)昨天是我和她去看的他。
(×)It was he that she and I went to see yesterday.
(√)It was him that she and I went to see yesterday.(强调宾语)昨天我和她去看的是他。
11.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the
birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我非常清楚地记
得，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。
There was a time when men were valued more than women.
曾经一度人们重男轻女。
There were times when people hunt animals blindly.
曾经一度人们盲目地捕猎动物。
There is/was a time when...意为有一时期或有些时候，其中when引导的是定语从句。
the time when...……的那段时光
We all remember the time when we were living in the farm.
我们都记得生活在农场上的那段时光。
(1)Do you know there was a time when they were good friends(他们曾经一度是好朋
友)
(2)He forgot the time when he worked with her(和她一块工作的时光).
12. ...I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the
moon by myself.直到11点半，我故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
He came here on purpose to tell you the truth.
他来这儿专门告诉你真相。
In order to catch up with others，you should try harder.
为了赶上别人，你应更加努力。
He hid himself among the trees in order not to be caught.
为了不被逮住，他藏在树林中。
on purpose意为故意地，与purposely同义，故意做某事为do sth.on purpose；in order
to意为为了，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为in order not to，在句中作的句子成分
是目的状语。
(1)for/with the purpose of为了/带着……的目的
A meeting was called for the purpose of making a decision.
为做出一项决定而召开了会议。
(2)动词不定式to do和so as to do在句中也作目的状语，其中so as to do一般不用在句
首。
(3)so that和in order that引导的是目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词一般用
“could/may/might＋动词原形”。
They started early so that/in order that they might arrive on time.
他们为了按时到达很早就出发了。
(1)他们去北京参加一个重要会议。
They went to Beijng in order to attend an important meeting.
(2)为了能赶上火车，他起得很早。
In order to catch the train，he got up early.
(3)为了不误早班车，他及早动身。
In order not to miss the early bus，he set off as early as possible.
13.But as the moon gave far too much light，I didn’t dare open a window.但是因为月
光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。
The question is much too difficult for me.这个问题对我来说太难了。
He drinks too much wine.他酒喝得太多。
He talks too much.他话说得太多。
Too much has been said on this subject.
对于这个话题说得够多了。
You have offered me too much.你给我的太多了。
The work is too much for the boy.
对于这个男孩来说，这活儿太多了。
too much意为过多，太多，其中much是中心词，too对其进行修饰。much可作形容
词，修饰不可数名词；可作副词，修饰动词；可作代词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。
much too意为太，非常，其中too是中心词，是副词，常修饰形容词和副词。
用too much，much too填空
(1)He’s drunk too much wine，and he was much too puzzled what to do.
(2)The price of the computers is much too high.
(3)The lady spent too much money on the new clothes.
(4)The trip is too much for the old man.
14. ...，it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...这是
我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
It is the first time that the boy has gone home alone.
这是那个男孩第一次单独回家。
This was the fourth time she had rung you in a week.
这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
This will be the tenth time that I have visited Jinan.这将是我第十次参观济南。
They will debate face to face.他们将当面进行辩论。
His dream was to meet his favourite pop star face to face.
他心之向往的是要面对面地见见他心目中的歌星。
It’s the...time that...意为某人第……次做……。在该句式中，it也可换为this和that；
若主句用一般过去时，that从句用过去完成时，若主句用一般现在时和将来时，从句
用现在完成时。face to face意为面对面地，在句中作状语。
face to face面对面的(相当于形容词，常作定语)
hand in hand手拉手
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
side by side肩并肩；一起
arm in arm手挽手
用所给的词或提示完成句子
(1)It’s the first time that he has written(write) a letter in English.
(2)That was the third time that I had been(be) to Beijing.
(3)You’d better talk face to face/have a face to face talk(面对面地交谈) with Tom.
安妮最好的朋友
你是不是想有一位能无话不谈推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲
笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把
日记当成了她最好的朋友。
安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他
们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了差不多25个月
之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像
大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我的这个朋友
称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看她的心情吧。
1944年6月15日　　　星期四
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物
都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令
我心驰神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。
……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看
看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚
上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜
晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜
晚……
……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘
的窗前。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
你的　　安妮
Section Three　Grammar
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
1.He said,“I’m going to see a film this afternoon.”
→2.He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon.
3.Jack said to me,“I have waited for you for a long time.”
→4.Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time.
5.The teacher said to us,“We will have an English party next week.”
→6.The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week.
当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语，如上面的1、3、5中都
用了直接引语。
当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，如上面的2、4、
6中都用了间接引语。由以上例句可以体会出，直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时
态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词都会发生变化，现总结如下：
1.直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
【提醒】
下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。
(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时
态，间接引语的时态都不变。
The teacher told the students,“The earth goes around the sun.”
→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.
(2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。
The girl said,“I was born in Hong Kong in 1990.”
→The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990.
(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。
The old gentleman often says,“Time is life.”
→The old gentleman often says that time is life.
2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表
直接引语 间接引语
This 这 that 那
these 这些 those 那些
now 现在 then 那时，当时
today 今天 that day 那天
yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天
tomorrow 明天 the next (following)day第二天
tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
last week 上周 the week before 前一周
next week 下周 the next week 第二周
two weeks ago两周前 two weeks before 两周前
the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前
the day after tomorrow后天 two days later 两天后
here 这里 there那里
come 来 go去
bring 带来 take拿走
3.人称代词的变化
(1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。
(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
(3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
4.疑问句直接引语变间接引语
(1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用if或whether引导，引述动词用 asked，
没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him 等。
He asked me,“Are you good at English？”
→He asked me if/whether I was good at English.
(2)反意疑问句变间接引语时，只能用whether来引导。
(3)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。
The teacher asked the boy,“Why are you late again？”
→The teacher asked the boy why he was late again.
I asked her,“When did you come here？”
→I asked her when she had been there.
5.直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意几种特殊情况：
(1)陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时，如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅
能省略第一个 that，其余的均不可省略。
He said,“I want to visit the Great Wall，and my father will go with me then.”
→He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then.
(2)直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时常变为ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.句型。如果是以
let’s开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggest doing 或 suggest＋that 从句。
“Do it again.”the teacher said to us.
→The teacher told us to do it again.
(3)直接引语中有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的
时态，从句的时态不变。
(4)如果在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必变为go；如果在当天转述，则today，
yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变化。
(5)有的疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意义。引述这类疑问句时，
通常用“ask/advise/want＋宾语＋不定式”的结构，表示建议时，通常用“suggest＋动
名词”等结构。
Mr.Green asked,“Shall we go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games？”
→Mr.Green suggested going to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games.
Ⅰ.句型转换
1.He said to me,“I broke your CD player yesterday.”
He told me that he had broken my CD player the day before.
2.He said to me,“What can I do for you？”
He asked me what he could do for me.
3.He said,“I haven’t seen these children by now.”
He said that he hadn’t seen those children by then.
4.He asked me,“Can I go to see her tomorrow？”
He asked me if he could go to see her the next day.
Ⅱ.把下列直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语
1.“We’ve lived there for two years，”he told me.
He told me that they had lived there for two years.
2.“I was here a few weeks ago，”she said.
She said she had been there a few weeks before.
3.“I went to university in the 1960s，”Wang Hua told his students.
Wang Hua told his students that she/he went to university in the 1960s.
4.The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadn’t gone to school the day before.
“Why didn’t you go to school yesterday？”the teacher asked Wang Ying.
Section Four　Using Language
走进课文
1.Think about the following questions and give your ideas about them.
(1)What will you do if you have trouble with your classmates or friends？For example，if
he/she does something wrong that makes you angry or sad
If I have trouble with...，I will...
(2)What will you do if you disagree with your friends about something
If I disagree with...，I’ll...
(3)Do you think it is possible for you to get along well with everyone
Yes./No，I think/I don’t think so，because...
2.Read Lisa’s letter and answer the following questions.
(1)What did Lisa write to Miss Wang for
For advice.
(2)What’s Lisa’s problem
She has trouble with her classmates.Some of them gossiped about her friendship
with a boy.
3.What’s your advice on Lisa’s problem
My advice is...
Language Points
1.I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
目前我和我的同学有矛盾。
Do you have any trouble with your new job
你的新工作有麻烦吗？
I don’t want to have any trouble with my family.
我不想和我的家人之间有任何麻烦。
have trouble with sth.意为在某方面有困难/麻烦，其中trouble为不可数名词，也可换为
difficulty。
have trouble with...某人/某事使人伤脑筋、苦恼；跟(某人)闹别扭
have difficulty with sth.＝have trouble with sth.在……方面有困难/麻烦
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在……方面有问题/困难
have problems/a problem with sth.在……方面有问题
He had no difficulty (in) working out the problem. 他没有费事就做出了那道题。
(1)She’s had a lot of trouble with her husband (跟丈夫闹意见).
(2)I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends (在交友方面有麻烦).
2. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我班的一个男生相处得很好。
The girl is difficult to get along with.这个女孩很难相处。
I can get along well with my classmates.我能和同学们融洽相处。
—How are you getting along with your studies
——你的功课学得怎样？
—Very well.
——很好。
get along with意为与……相处；某事进展得……，其中along也可换为on，其后可用
well，nicely，badly等修饰语，表示同某人相处得好(不好)，某事进展得(不)顺利。
(1)一切进展顺利吗？
Is everything getting along/on well
(2)你的新书写得怎么样了？
How are you getting on with your new book
(3)我们班里的学生相处得都很融洽。
The students in our class get along/on very well with each other.
3. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.他们说我和这个男生在谈恋爱。
They fell in love with each other three years ago. 三年前他们相爱了。
fall in love with sb.意为与……相爱，其表瞬间的动作，即该动作非延续性，在肯定句
中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
be in love with sb.爱上某人，表状态，动作可延续
The girl has been in love with Tom for three years.
这女孩与Tom相爱三年了。
I know he in love with her，but I don’t know they in love for eight
years.
　A.falls；fall B.is；are
C.falls；have been D.is；have fallen
答案　C
4. ...to join in discussion and...……加入到讨论中来并……
He was too proud to join in our games.
他很高傲不和我们玩。
Can you join us in singing
你愿意和我们一块唱歌吗？
join in意为参加，加入，join sb.in doing sth.意为和某人一起做某事。
join，join in，take part in，attend
(1)join 指加入某一组织或团体，成为其中一员。
His brother joined the army a year ago.
他哥哥一年前参军了。
(2)join in 表示“参加(某项活动)”，多指参加正在进行的活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话
等。join in 还可用在join sb.in sth.结构中，表示“加入某人一起干某事”。
He wants to join us in playing football.
他想和我们一起踢足球。
(3)take part in 只指参加活动，尤指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加
该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
(4)attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空
(1)Would you join us in the game
(2)I hope you will join in all our club activities.
(3)All the students took part in the sports meeting last week.
(4)Our children attend the same school.
(5)He joined the tennis club.
Reading and listening
亲爱的王小姐：
现在我和班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好，我
们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同
学却开始在背后议论起来。他们说这位男同学和我在谈恋爱。这使我很生气。我不想中
断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
你的　　莉萨
Reading and writing
亲爱的王小姐：
我是湖州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于与人交际。虽然我的确试着
去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分
孤独。我确实很想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，
我会非常感激的。
你的　　萧东
Section Five　Writing
给你支招
　　建议信是写信人向收信人对某事提出自己的建议或忠告，有可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信不同于投诉信，所以写信人一定要注意礼貌当先。建议信和普通的信件一样，通常由六部分构成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。 建议信要写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由和根据。理由要合情合理，语气一定要礼貌。因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。 首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。建议信的开头必须指明建议的前提和事情的原委，对自己的立场作一些解释。 中段：围绕问题，结构清晰、科学婉转地提出建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时应选择得体用语。切忌用语生硬强制，泛泛而谈。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin with，then，later等依次陈述建议。 尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。通常在建议信的结尾部分阐明你所提供的劝告或建议仅供对方参考，常用表达有：I hope you will take my advice into account./I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendationspractical/useful/helpful。
品味鉴赏 品味佳作
　　目前，你们学校图书馆的服务存在一些问题。假如你是李明(高三五班的一名学生)，请你给你们的校长写一封信，提出一些有利于图书馆管理的合理化建议。内容如下： 1.图书馆电脑的大部分键盘都有操作上的问题，给学生带来很多不便，建议更换新的键盘； 2.建议图书馆购买更多新书，定购更多学术期刊； 3.自习教室的照明系统也需要进一步的改进。 注意：1.词数：100左右； 2.不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节。 参考词汇：subscribe to 定购Dear Sir， I’m writing to tell you some suggestions on how to improve our library. Firstly，I find that most computer keyboards in the library are bad(用词不贴切，最好为poor).It(将它改为which且把其前的句号改为逗号，即前后两句整合成一个复合句) causes many(in convenience是不可数名词，其前应用much) inconvenience to users.I suggest that the library will(suggest后的从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形) buy some new keyboards.Secondly，our library had better to (had better后应接动词原形，故去掉to) buy more new books and subscribe to more academic journals to let the students get more and more informations (information是不可数名词，故去掉s) in their study.Last but not least，the lights in the study room are not bright.In order to protect our eyes，we need ∧(此处应添加a) better lighting system.Surely，we’ll benefit a lot of (a lot of后没宾语，故去掉of). These are only my personal suggestions，∧(前后两个句子缺少连词but) I hope they could be taken into consideration. Best regards.Yours sincerely， Li Ming Dear Sir， As a student of Class 5，Grade 3，I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for the kind assistance of our library.Meanwhile，I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service. In the first place，I find that most computer keyboards in the library are in poor condition，which causes much inconvenience to users.So I suggest that the library buy some new keyboards.Secondly，since the students need more and more information in their study，I would also recommend the library to purchase more new books and subscribe to more academic journals.Last but not least，the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system，which，no doubt，will be beneficial to our eyesight. These are only my personal suggestions，but I hope they could be taken into consideration. Best regards.Yours sincerely， Li Ming
以我之见
　　1.本文注意了建议信的逻辑顺序和语言特点。文章中使用了一些过渡词：meanwhile，in the first place, so，secondly，last but not least等。在语言上，语气中肯、委婉，符合建议信的特点。如：①I feel that it would be beneficial to...；② These are only my personal suggestions，but I hope they could be taken into consideration.等。 2.用了一些高级词汇(短语)，如：beneficial有益的；take the opportunity to利用这个机会；be furnished with安装有……的。
【趁热打铁】
假设你是谢凯，是一名中学生，你们学校附近有一条河，去年河边开办了一家工
厂，河水受到污染。请你向厂长写一封120～150 词的信，信中包含以下内容：
1.建厂前河流的概况；
2.工厂倾倒废水造成的后果；
3.呼吁采取措施，保护环境。
【参考范文】
Dear Sir，
My name is Xie Kai.You know，there is a river near your factory.It was a beautiful river
with clean water.Many lovely fishes were swimming in it.There were flowers and grass on
it’s both banks.But we can’t see it now.Since your factory opened，it has become dirty and
smells terrible.The fishes die because the river is seriously polluted by the waste water.The
environment is becoming worse and worse because of the polluted river.We must protect our
environment；we must do something for the river! I think you can buy some machines to
clean the waste water.Then，the river will be clean again.All the people around your factory
will thank you very much!
A middle school student，
Xie Kai
检验真知——目标回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. exact adv.确切地→exact adj.
2.outdoors adv.在户外→indoors adv.(反义词)
3.entirely adj.完全的→entirely adv.
4.grateful adj.感激的
5.gossip vi.闲话
6.teenager n.十几岁的青少年
7.loose adj. 松的，松开的→loosen v. 使……变松
8.disagree v.不同意→agree v.同意
9.German n.德国人→Germany n.德国
10.concern v.使担忧，牵挂→concerned adj.牵挂的，关心的
11.power n.力量,权力→powerful adj.有力量的
12.ignore v.忽视→ignorance n.忽视；愚昧
13.tip n.技巧；提示；尖
14.recover vt.& vi.恢复；重新获得
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.suffer from遭受……之痛苦
2.at dusk在黄昏
3.join in加入
4.the hidding place藏身之地
5.in order to为了
6.on purpose故意
7.with/for the purpose of 为了……的目的
8.be concerned about 关心，牵挂……
9.get along with和……相处，进展
10.fall/be in love with相爱，爱上……
11.go through经历
12.set down写下，记下
13.face to face面对面的
14.hold...in one’s power 控制
15.the curtains hanging before the window 挂在窗户上的窗帘
16.be crazy about 对……痴迷
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.While walking the dog，you were careless and...
2.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown
so crazy about everything to do with nature.
3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky...could never have kept me
spellbound.
4.I happened to be upstairs at dusk...
5.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
6.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer...
Ⅳ.重点语法
直接引语和间接引语在相互转化时，人称、时态、指示代词、地点状语、时间状语
和动词都会发生变化。但直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时时态
不变。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Unit 3　Travel journal
【单元导航】
The Lancang Mekong River
The Lancang Mekong River is an important international river in Southeast Asia，which flows through six countries.The Lancang River is rich in natural resources and wildlife.The largest part of the basin is a natural conservation area for rare and endangered animals and plants in China.The basin area is still an underdeveloped region at present.However，due to deforestation (滥伐森林) and pollution from industrial，agricultural and domestic sectors，the water quality of the river has been deteriorating (恶化) in recent years.In this paper，the author analyzed the present water quality status of the Lancang River both on the mainstream and its tributaries (支流) based on the data of 1990～1997.The results have shown that the water quality status of the river is not good enough although there are few industrial estates in the region.The pollutants in the river are mainly organic (有机的) materials.The main pollution sources are wastewater from paper plants，sugar plants，domestic wastewater from Dali City and Jinghong City，as well as，fertilizers and chemicals from agricultural fields.Heavy metals from the Lanping Lead and Zinc Mine and the Lancang Lead Mine are the main pollutants in the tributaries of the Bijiang River and the Nanla River.Water quality of the mainstream is better than its tributaries；it better in the dry season than in the wet season.
Section One　Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.回答下列问题
(1)Do you like travelling
(2)Where have you been
(3)Can you tell your partner something about it
2.假设你有4天的假期，与你的同桌讨论一下你可能去的地方，讨论内容要包括：
Where are you going on holiday
When are you leaving
How are you going to...
How long are you staying
When are you arriving in/at...
Where are you staying
When are you coming back
What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use
Cost(花费)　Safety(安全)　Comfort (舒适)　Quickness(快捷)　Convenience (方便)
3.把下表中的河流与所在国家连起来
Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下列问题
1.Who are Wang Kun and Wang Wei
They are brother and sister，and both are college students.
2.What was their dream
Their dream was to take a great bike trip.
3.Who are Dao Wei and Yu Hang
They are Wang Kun’s cousins who are at a college in Kunming.
4.在下图中顺次指出the Mekong 流经的国家
China→Laos→Myanmar→Thailand→Cambodia→Vietnam
Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题
1.概括每段的大意
Para.1：Wang Kun and Wang Wei’s dream.
Para.2：Wang Wei is stubborn.
Para.3：Preparing for their trip.
2.What’s the main idea of the text
The passage tells us the main idea that no success in life merely happens by describing
my sister’s and my dream—taking a bike trip and preparations for the trip.
Ⅳ.仔细阅读课文，完成下列表格
图表1
Their　dream 1.Taking a great bike trip
Their preparations They bought 2.expensive bikes，got their cousins3.interested in cycling and found 4.a large atlas.
The Mekong River It begins in 5.a glacier on a Tibetan mountain，moves and passes through 6.deep valleys.Half of it is in 7.China.It enters 8.Southeast Asia. Then it travels slowly through 9.low valleys to the plains.At last，it enters 10.the South China Sea.
　　图表2
Similar attitudes about the trip Different attitudes about the trip
Both Wang Wei and Wang Kun think 1.taking this trip is a dream that comes true；that they will enjoy this trip a lot；they should see a lot of the Mekong； hat most of the Mekong will be found in the Southeast Asia. Wang Wei believes 2.they must start in Qinghai where the river begins/see all of the Mekong；that they don’t needto prepare much.Wang Kun thinks 3.it’s too cold and high to start in Qinghai；that using an atlas is very important.
Ⅴ.与同桌讨论下面的问题
Who do you think was right about the trip Why
I think Wang Kun is right，because if it is too cold and too high，the trip will be
hard.People will have some difficulty in breathing at a high altitude.Wherever we go
we need an atlas so that we will not lose our way.
Ⅵ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语
1.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike
trip.
句子结构分析：since在本句中是介词，意为自……以来，其主句通常用现在完成时态。
since还可用作副词和连词。
翻译：自高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次了不起的自行车旅行。
2.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it
begins to where it ends.
句子结构分析：本句用了强调句型结构，被强调部分是my sister；from...to...意为从……
到……。
翻译：首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。
3.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the
trip properly.
句子结构分析：although，词性连词，意为尽管，引导让步状语从句；insist意为坚持，其
后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，结构是：should＋动词原形，且should可以省略。
翻译：尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善
尽美。
4.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.
句子结构分析：破折号后的内容对前面的描述进行了补充说明，the kind后省略了
of look，that引导的是其定语从句。
翻译：她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
5.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold...
句子结构分析：the air...是told的宾语从句；在从句中，to breathe用主动形式表示被动含
义。在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，用动词不定式的主动形式表示被
动含义。
翻译：当我告诉她那里空气稀薄呼吸困难，而且很冷时……
Ⅶ.参考下列提示词复述课文
Wang Kun and his sister middle school after graduating got the chance to thought of the idea　
cycle the Mekong River bought bicycles got sb. interested in journey begin at an altitude of　
change one’s mind　atlasin the library
Section Two　Language Points
1. Which kind of transport do you prefer to use：bus or train？你喜欢用哪一种交通工具，
公共汽车还是卡车？
Beijing is trying to improve its transport system.
北京正在努力改善交通系统。
The goods will be transported to Tokyo by air.货物将空运到东京。
In common with many old people，he prefers classical music to pop.
像许多老人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。
He preferred to go into business alone rather than team up with others.
他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。
Rather than make money in this way，I prefer to starve to death.
我宁愿饿死，也不愿用这种方式挣钱。
I prefer that you (should) not stay there too long.
我希望你不要在那里待得过久。
I prefer her not to come.
我宁愿她不要来。
transport动词或名词，意为交通，运输，运送；transport A to B意为把A运送到B。
prefer词性动词，意为更喜欢；prefer A to B意为喜欢A而不喜欢B；“喜欢做A而不喜欢
做B”prefer doing A to doing B；prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B；
prefer sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事；prefer that sb.(should) do sth.宁愿某人做某事。
transportation n.运输，交通
would rather do A than do B＝would do A rather than do B＝prefer to do A rather than do B宁
愿做A不愿做B
He would rather make less money than pollute the lake by making this kind of bag.
他宁愿少赚钱也不愿因生产这种袋子而污染这湖。
(1)The goods by air.
A.transported B.sent
C.are transported D.are sent
答案　C
(2)Which do you ，the red one or the blue one
A.prefer B.fond
C.like D.enjoy
答案　A
(3)She prefers staying at home seeing a film.
A.of B.to C.than D.for
答案　B
(4)We prefer alone rather than them.
A.staying；join B.staying；joining in
C.to stay；to join D.to stay；join
答案　D
(5)I at home playing TV games dancing every Sunday afternoon.
A.prefer staying；than go B.would stay；rather than to go
C.prefer to stay；rather than go D.would rather stay；than going
答案　C
2. Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great
bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次了不起的自行车旅行。
He’s had a car ever since he was 18 years old.
他从18岁起就有汽车了。
She has been off work ever since Tuesday.
星期二以来她就没有上班。
I was bitten by a dog once and I have been afraid of them ever since.
我曾被狗咬过一次，自那以后就一直害怕狗。
He left home two years ago and we haven’t heard from him ever since.
他两年前离家外出，我们至今没有他的音讯。
ever since意为从那时起或“自……起”；其中since可用作介词、连词或副词，它所修饰
的主句通常用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时。
(1)—How long this job
—Since 1990.
A.were you doing B.have you done
C.had you done D.will you done
答案　B
(2)The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power increased
enormously ever since.
A.is B.was C.has been D.had been
答案　C
(3)Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago，they better health.
A.are enjoying B.have been enjoying
C.could have enjoyed D.had enjoyed
答案　B
(4)—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
—Oh，not at all.I here only since a few minutes ago.
A.have been B.had been
C.was D.would be
答案　A
3. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy
one.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，并说服我也买了一辆。
I was able to persuade him to take the job at last.
最后我总算说服他接受了这份工作。
I persuade him into doing it.
我说服他去做那件事。
He has persuaded me of this matter.
他使我相信了这件事。
Can you persuade her out of her foolish plans
你能劝说她放弃她的愚蠢的计划吗？
He persuaded me that death does not end all.
他说服了我使我相信死亡并不能使一切都结束。
persuade系动词词性，意为说服，劝服；persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing
sth.，意为“说服某人做某事”。persuade sb.out of doing sth.＝persuade sb.not to do
sth.，意为“说服某人不做某事”；persuade sb.of sth.意为说服某人信服某事；persuade
sb.that...意为“使某人相信……”。
persuade，advise
(1)persuade表示已经说服某人，强调结果。
I have persuaded him out of smoking.我已说服他戒烟了。
(2)advise表示劝说、建议某人做某事，强调动作，不一定劝说成功。
advise sb.to do sth.＝try to persuade sb.to do sth.
I advised him to give up smoking，but he wouldn’t listen.
我建议他戒烟，但他不听。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(1)I tried to persuade him out of drinking (戒酒)，but failed.
(2)I advised him (建议他) not to play computer games，but in vain.
4. After graduating from college，we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业后，
我们终于有了骑自行车旅行的机会。
They graduated from high school.
他们高中毕业了。
Our university graduated 500 students last year.
我们大学去年毕业的学生有500名。
No one thinks this ugly person is a graduate of Harvard.
谁也没有想到这个长相丑陋的人是哈佛大学毕业生。
It was my first job after graduation from high school.
那是我中学毕业的第一份工作。
graduate词性动词或名词，意为毕业；毕业生。“毕业于……”表达为graduate from，
graduation，名词，意为毕业。
graduate school (大学)研究所
undergraduate大学本科生
postgraduate研究生
graduate student研究所学生
(1)What can he do after graduation (大学毕业后)
(2)He is dreaming of being a graduate of Beijing University (成为北京大学的毕业生).
5. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it
begins to where it ends.首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
It was I who met Tom in the street yesterday.
是我昨天在街上遇见了汤姆。
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
我昨天是在街上遇见汤姆的。
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.
我是昨天在街上遇见汤姆的。
这个句子结构是第一单元学过的强调句型，其基本结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，
其中被强调部分若指人，可以把that换为who。判断一个句子是否是强调句的一个重要方
法就是把该结构去掉，剩下的成分仍然是一个完整的句子。
(1)It was at ten o’clock he came back.
(2)It was ten o’clock he came back.
A.when B.after C.that D.before
答案 (1)C　(2)A
6. I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.我喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个
严重的缺点。
He is fond of food and drink.他爱吃好喝。
She was very fond of inviting others to her home to dinner.
她很喜欢邀请别人去她家吃饭。
fond意为喜欢，词性形容词，但只作表语，构成be fond of 结构。
你喜欢音乐吗？
Are you fond of music
7. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize
the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游
安排得尽善尽美。
We insisted that he (should) come to the party.
我们坚持要他来参加聚会。
Though all his friends criticized him，he insisted he had done nothing wrong.
虽然他的朋友都批评他，但他坚持认为他没做错。
They organized the truckers into a union.
他们把卡车司机组成工会。
The story is very well organized.
这个故事结构严谨。
insist词性动词，后接that从句中有两种情况，①表“坚持要求”时，用虚拟语气(should
＋动词原形且should可以省略)，此时从句的动作往往发生在将来。②表“坚持认为”时，
从句用陈述语气，即根据实际情况确定所用时态。
organize词性动词，意为组织。
insist on/upon坚持，后接名词或动名词。
organization n.组织
organizer n.组织者
Tom insisted on my coming to the party.
汤姆坚持要我参加宴会。
Tom was the organizer of the exhibition.
汤姆是这次展览的组织者。
It is an official organization.
这是个正式组织。
(1)The man insisted that he that bank and that he free.
A.didn’t rob；was set B.hasn’t robbed；should set
C.hadn’t robbed；should be set D.didn’t rob；should set
答案　C
(2)Who will you have the party
A.order B.recognize
C.invite D.organize
答案　D
8. My sister doesn’t care about details.我姐姐不考虑细节。
What will you care about most
你最关心什么？
He cares about nobody but himself.
他除了自己谁也不在乎。
care about意为关心，在乎。
care for关怀；照顾；喜欢
care to do sth.愿意做某事
take care of照顾
with care当心；仔细地
He doesn’t care for the film.
他不喜欢这部电影。
Would you care to walk with me
你愿意和我去散步吗？
(1)Sir，which would you more，tea or coffee
A.care B.care for C.care about D.care to
答案　B
(2)We don’t like him because he nothing but money and power.
A.worries about B.thinks for
C.cares about D.cares of
答案　C
9. She gave me a determined look.她给了我一个坚定的眼神。
He determined to leave for New York.
他决定离开去纽约。
What you said determined me to work on here.
你的话使我决心继续在这儿工作。
He is determined to carry out the plan.
他决心要执行这计划。
His determined look showed that he had made up his mind.
他坚定的表情表明他已下定决心。
determine词性动词，意为决心，决定，其过去式、过去分词determined也可用作形容词，
意为有决心的，可作定语和表语；determine to do...意为决心去做……，常表动作；“使
某人下定决心去做……”determine sb.to do sth.；be determined to do...意为下定决心去
做……，常表下定决心的状态。
determine与decide及make up one’s mind同义。
determination n.决心；毅力
(1)What you to change the plan
A.makes B.has C.determines D.prefers
答案　C
(2)His eyes suggested that he wouldn’t give in to you.
A.determining B.exact
C.final D.determined
答案　D
10. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it
would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里的空气(因稀薄而)难以呼吸而且天气很
冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的旅行。
This language is difficult to learn well.
学好这门语言很难。
The room is nice to live in.
住在这房子里很好。
本复合句含有四个从句，when引导的是时间状语从句，其中the air would be hard to breathe
和it would be very cold是told的两个宾语从句，第四个从句是it would be an interesting
experience，作said的宾语。本句重点学习固定结构：主语＋系动词＋adj.＋不定式，其中
不定式往往用主动形式表被动，若是不及物动词需要加介词。
(1)这个人很容易合作。
This person is easy to work with.
(2)这本书很难理解。
The book is difficult to understand.
(3)这个村庄不易到达。
The village is hard to arrive at/to get to /to reach.
11. I had to give in.我不得不让步。
He prefers dying to giving in to the enemy.
我宁死也不愿向敌人屈服。
Please give in your papers in time.请按时上交试卷。
give in意为屈服；让步；上交；“向某人屈服”give in to sb.。
(1)At last their food and they went hungry.
A.gave in B.gave off
C.gave out D.gave up
答案　C
(2)The boy planned not to his homework and left the class.
A.put in B.gave in
C.take in D.make in
答案　B
12. An attitude is what a person thinks about something.态度就是对某事的认识。
What’s your attitude towards the bridge over the river
你对河上的这桥有什么看法？
He takes a friendly attitude to the stranger.他对这个陌生人态度很友好。
attitude词性名词,意为态度,看法。常与介词to或towards搭配,表示对……的看法、态度。
(1)我不知道他对这个计划的看法。
I don’t know his attitude to/towards the plan.
(2)小伙子，别用这种态度对待我。
Young man，don’t take this attitude to/towards me!
沿湄公河而下的旅程
第一部分　　梦想与计划
我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆(山地车)。去年，她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游也产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。
我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发？什么时候回来？”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。
在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽。然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。
Section Three　Grammar
现在进行时
(1)Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm.
现在是暑假，我在农场帮我爸爸干活。
(2)I’m sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.
我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。
(3)They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(4)We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
此四句用现在进行时表示现在进行的动作，有两种含义：①表示说话的时刻正在进行的动
作，常与时间状语now，at the moment等连用。②表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与
today，this week，this term等连用。
(1)Betty is going to Guangzhou by plane tomorrow.
(2)Bob is leaving for the airport by taxi this afternoon.
(3)Jane is staying in Xi’an with her parents next winter.
(4) Bob is coming with Betty to see her off tomorrow morning.
此四句是用现在进行时代替将来时态，表示一个最近按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，这
类动词通常是瞬间动作，只限于少数动词，常见的有：go，come，leave，arrive，sleep，
stay，play，do，have，take，get to，see off，etc.
英语中表示将来时态的结构还有下列几种：
(1)will/shall＋动词原形
They will go to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.他们明天将去爬长城。
(2)be going to do sth.
表示打算要做或准备要做某事，或将要发生或肯定要发生的事。如：
It is going to snow.天要下雪了。
(3)be about to do sth.
表示正要做某事，但不和具体的时间连用。如：
I was about to leave when he came to see me.
我正要离开，这时他来看我。
(1)The plane takes off at 9∶30.
(2)My plane leaves at 7∶00.
(3)When does the winter holiday begin
(4)What time does the train leave for Shanghai
此四句表示将来的事情已经“列入日程” 或按计划将要发生，则用一般现在时代替将来
时，但仅限于少数动词begin，go，leave，start，take 等。
(1)How are you feeling today
(2)You are always leaving things until the last moment!
(3)He is always talking big.
此三句是现在进行时代替一般现在时态。
现在进行时代替一般现在时态表示一个经常性重复的动作或状态，这时句中常带always
或forever,以表示说话人的某种感情,如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等或强调情况的暂时性使其生
动。
Ⅰ.翻译句子
1.我下个月将去美国。
I am going to America next month.
2.我姑姑在信上说她后天将到我们家。
My aunt said she is arriving at our home the day after tomorrow in the letter.
3.我明天将什么事情也不做。
I am not doing anything tomorrow.
4.玛丽和我星期天去钓鱼。
Mary and I are going fishing on Sunday.
Ⅱ.用现在进行时完成下列句子
1.Are you flying (fly) a kite Yes，I am.
2.Are you sitting (sit) in the boat
3.Is he talking (talk) with me
4.We are playing (play) football now.
5.What are you doing (do)
6.I am singing (sing) an English song.
7.What is he mending (mend)
8.These boys are playing (play) tennis on the playground.
9.My mother is cooking (cook) in the kitchen.
Section Four　Using Language
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正误。
1.When they arrived in Tibet，it was winter then.(F)
2.Wang Wei was behind me as usual.(F)
3.When we reached a valley，it became warmer.(T)
4.After supper，we started to make camp.(F)
5.Wang Kun went to sleep and Wang Wei stayed awake.(F)
6.There was almost no wind on that night.(T)
Ⅱ.细读课文，在横线上填上合适的内容。
Language Points
1. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles？你见过雪人骑自行车吗？
I often see him help the old lady.
我经常见他帮助这位老妇人。
I won’t see this kind of thing happen again.
我不愿意看到这种事再次发生。
He saw the man knocked down by a car.
他看见这个人被车撞倒了。
I saw her playing games with the children.
我看见她在和孩子们做游戏。
He was seen to be taken away by the police.
有人看见他被警察带走了。
see作为感官动词，后接不定式时，表示看见一个完整的动作，意为“做过”或“将
做”。在主动语态中要省略不定式符号to，在被动语态中to不能省略。see后接过去分词
作宾补时，表明see后的宾语和它是一种被动关系；若接现在分词时，表明see后的宾语
和它是一种主动关系，且表该动作正在进行中。
与see有相同用法的感官动词还有hear，feel，listen to，notice，watch等。
I felt my heart beating faster than before when I bumped into the thief.
当我遇到那个贼的时候，我感到我的心跳加速了。(正在进行的动作)
I heard him singing an English song.
我听见他在唱一首英文歌。(正在进行的动作)
I heard him arrested by the police for selling Shaking Head Pills.
我听说他由于卖摇头丸被警方逮捕了。(被动的动作)
I watched the bicycle being repaired.
我看着自行车正在被修理。(正在进行的被动动作)
(1)我注意到他们进来了。
I noticed them come in.
(2)我没看到他离开。
I didn’t notice him leaving.
2. Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些穿着
羊毛外套的孩子们停下来看着我们。
He is dressed in black.他穿着黑衣服。
I don’t know the girl dressed in a long skirt.
我不认识那个穿长裤的女孩。
She came in，dressed in a new coat.
她进来了，穿着件新外套。
本句的谓语部分是stopped to look at us；dressed in long wool coats作children的定语。be
dressed in...意为穿着……，所以上述短语也可以转化成定语从句who were dressed in
long wool coats。
dress作动词意为“穿衣”时，是不及物动词；用作及物动词时，后面接表示人的词作宾
语，dress sb.意为给某人穿衣。
It takes ages to dress.穿衣要花很长时间。
Mother is dressing the baby.
妈妈在给孩子穿衣服。
Is she old enough to dress herself
她会自己穿衣吗？
用dress的适当形式填空
(1)She is always dressing well.
(2)The baby is dressed by his mother.
(3)The man dressed in white is her brother.
(4)The teacher came in，dressed in a new shirt.
3. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual.像往常一样，王薇骑车在我前头。
As usual，she was angry.像往常一样，她又发脾气了。
Though he was ill，he went to school as usual.
尽管生病了，但他还是像平常一样去上学了。
as usual意为像往常一样。
usual词性形容词，意为平常的，惯常的，其副词是usually。
than usual比平时……
He came earlier than usual.他比平时来得早。
(1) ，he got up early to catch the first bus.
　A.As often B.As possible
C.As usual D.As usually
答案　C
(2)He will go home， ，for the coming New Year.
A.as soon B.as fast
C.as curious D.as usual
答案　D
4. She is very reliable.她很可靠。
His information isn’t reliable.
他的消息不可靠。
The information is from a reliable man.
这消息来源于一个可靠的人。
reliable词性形容词，意为可靠的，可信赖的，可作表语和定语。
rely v.依靠
rely on＝depend on依靠
dependable adj.可信赖的
reliably adv.可信赖地
(1)You can depend on him；he is a man.
A.happy B.interesting C.exciting D.reliable
答案　D
(2)Who will you rely to solve the problem
A.for B.at C.about D.on
答案　D
5. To climb the mountains was hard work...爬山不是一件易事……
To walk after supper is good for you.
晚饭后散步对你有好处。
To study a language is hard.
学一门语言很难。
该句的主语是to climb the mountains，是动词不定式形式作主语。
动词的形式除了不定式还有动名词也可以作主语。
Teaching English is my job.
教英语是我的工作。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
(1)与人交流很有趣。
To communicate with others is interesting.
(2)爬树很危险。
To climb the tree is dangerous.
(3)忽视别人是不礼貌的。
Ignoring others is impolite.
6. ...as we looked around us，we were surprised by the view.……当环顾四周时，我们惊讶于
所看到的风景。
You’ll get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.
从山顶上你可以相当清楚地看到这个城镇的全景。
The special animal came into view.
这种特殊动物进入视线。
What are your views on this matter
你对这个事件有什么看法？
In my view，the man didn’t tell the truth.
我认为这人没说实话。
I am sure you will view the matter in the right light.
我相信你会正确估量这件事的。
Thousands of tourists come to view the Shaolin Temple every year.
每年都有成千上万的游客来参观少林寺。
view作名词时，意为风景；视野；观点，见解；in one’s view意为在某人看来；the view
on对……的观点；come into view看见，出现；作及物动词时，意为观看；注视；考虑。
view，sight
(1)view是指从某个特定的位置(如山顶，窗户等)看到的景象，也表示“视野；眼界；观
点”。
(2)sight指人们浏览观光时特别值得一看的景物，也表示“视力；看见”。
see the sights观光；in sight＝in view看见　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(1)The house has a over the sea.
A.sight B.idea C.advantage D.view
答案　D
(2)What’s your view the problem
A.at B.for C.on D.about
答案　C
7. As I lay beneath the stars I thought...当我躺在星空下，我想到了……
We found the toy car beneath the sand.
我们在沙子底下找到了玩具车。
There is a black cave beneath the hill.
在山脚下有个黑黑的山洞。
She is always laughing at the people beneath her.
她经常嘲笑那些比她地位低的人。
beneath词性介词，意为在……下面。
beneath，below，under
(1)beneath表示“在……下方”时，相当于below或under；也表示在等级或地位上低
于……。
(2)below表示“在……下面”，指处于比某物低的位置，不一定在某物的正下方。它的反
义词是above。
(3)under表示“在……下面”，有时可与below通用，但它主要指处于某物的正下方，其
反义词是over，也可以指级别低于某人，隶属某人。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(1)她的门下发出了微弱的灯光。
A thin light appeared beneath the door.
(2)他认为这种工作有失他的身份。
He considered such jobs beneath him.
沿湄公河而下的旅程
第二部分　　山中一宿
虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样！一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面。她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇。我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山。这里非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。
一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营。我们先把帐蓬支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡着了，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。(夜晚)非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰与我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。
我们很快就要到达云南的大理，在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
Section Five　Writing
给你支招
　　英文电子邮件的写作特点和格式 一、主题 主题(Subject)框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词，如greetings；长的也可以是一个完整句，但长度一般不超过35个字母。主题框的内容切忌含糊不清。 二、称呼 E mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无须使用诸如Dear Mr.John之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓。 三、拼写 1.E mail的非正式的文体特点并不意味着它的撰写可以马虎行事，特别是给长辈或上级写信，或者撰写业务信函更是如此。写完信后，一定要认真检查有无拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。当然Outlook Express等软件的“拼写检查”功能可以助你一臂之力。 2.外国国名尽量用大写，是为了表示尊重。 3.标点要准确。非必要，不要整个词都是大写，除非要骂人。要强调的话，用底线，斜体，粗体就可以了。 四、结尾部分 书信的结尾致意要留意，弄清关系选择用词，例： 1.Respectfully yours，Yours respectfully， 2.Very truly yours，Yours very truly，Yours truly， 3.Sincerely yours，Yours sincerely， 五、附件 E mail文体的另外一个特点是简单明了,便于阅读,太长的内容可以以附件的方式发出。
品味鉴赏 品味佳作
　　假设你是华华，与英国网友汤姆约定用对方的母语通信，以提高各自的外语水平。最近你收到汤姆的电子邮件(附后)，发现有一个成语使用不当。请根据下列要点，用英文回一封电子邮件。要点：1.不应使用“无所不为”，应使用“无所事事”； 2.说明这两个成语的用法； 3.给予鼓励。注意：1.词数为100左右； 2.参考词汇：无所不为do all kinds of bad things； 无所事事have nothing to do 3.除以上两个成语外，邮件中不得使用其他汉字或拼音； 4.电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入你所写词数)。附(汤姆的邮件)：华华，你好！ 近几天在忙什么事？有什么有意思的事吗？我们学校放假了，所以这几天在家无所不为，饱食终日，只好上网发伊妹儿。没意思。我决定找份工作，做个自食其力的人。祝好！汤姆Hi! Tom，Nice to read your e mail today.I notice you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly....Hope you’ll find a good job soon.Hua HuaHi! Tom，Nice to read your e mail today.I notice you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.However，I’m afraid there is one mistake I’d like to point out.It is “无所不为”.This idiom means “do all kinds of bad things”.So it is wrong to use it to describe you.Sometime (应改为Sometimes)if you use wrongly，other (应改为others) will misunderstand you.I guess what you were really trying to say is ∧ (应添加that) you’ve got nothing to do these days.In that case，you should use “无所事事”.We usually use “无所不为” to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad，and “无所事事” to describe the situation ∧ (应添加in或者which改为where) which people have got nothing meaningful to do.Have I made you (应改为myself) clear Anyway，I’m amazed at the progress you’ve taken (应为made).Hope you’ll find a good job soon.Hua Hua Hi! Tom， Nice to read your e mail today.I notice you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly. However，I’m afraid there is one mistake I’d like to point out.It is “无所不为”.This idiom means“do all kinds of bad things”.Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home I guess what you were really trying to say is that you’ve got nothing to do these days.In that case，you should use “无所事事”.We usually use “无所不为” to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad，and “无所事事” to describe the situation in which people have got nothing meaningful to do.Have I made myself clear Anyway，I’m amazed at the progress you’ve made.Hope you’ll find a good job soon.Hua Hua
以我之见
　　本文用了一个较复杂的复合句“I guess what you were really trying to say is that you’ve got nothing to do these days.”，guess后为一个what引导的宾语从句，其中又包含了一个that引导的表语从句。
【趁热打铁】
国外某网站举办新一轮网上讨论活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。
内容包括：
自我简介
写信目的
话题：我们应该感恩(thankful)
推荐的理由
预祝活动成功
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。
【参考范文】
Dear Sir，
I’m glad to write to you about my opinion.I’m a student from Xinhua Middle School and often visit this website.
In my opinion，being thankful to others should be the hottest topic at present.As we all know，we live in a big family and every minute we can get support from the people around us.What can we do when we get support？The best thing we can do is to politely say “thanks” to them.This is our traditional culture.We learn it when we were very young.Our parents and teachers are teaching us how to be a person that can be grateful to others.We learn it from books or others around us.Being thankful is already deep in our hearts.So I strongly support this topic.
This is my point of view and I would appreciate it if you take my topic into consideration.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
检验真知——目标回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determination n.决心→determined adj.坚决的；有
决心的
2.wool n.羊毛；毛织品→woolen adj.
3.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖
4.beneath prep.在……下面→under prep.(近义词)
5.flame n.火焰；光芒；热情
6.disadvantage n.不利条件；不便之处→advantage n.(反义词)
7.graduate vi.毕业→graduation n.毕业
8. finally adv.最后；终于→final adj.
9.organize vt.组织；成立→organization n.
10.journal n.日记；杂志；定期刊物
11.transport n.& vt.运送；运输；运输工具
12.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物
13.expense n.费用
14.persuade vt.说服；劝说
15.schedule n.时间表；进度表；vt.为某事安排时间
16.stubborn adj.顽固的；固执的
17.travel n.旅行；旅程
18.altitude n.海拔高度；高处
19.forecast n.& vt.预测；预报
20.view n.风景；视野；观点；见解；vt.观看；注视；考虑
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.change one’s mind改变主意
2.make up one’s mind下定决心
3.give in投降；屈服；让步
4.as usual像往常一样
5.be dressed in穿着
6.at midnight在午夜
7.from then on从那以后
8.dream of梦想；向往
9.graduate from...从……毕业
10.be fond of喜爱；喜欢
11.care about关心；忧虑；惦念
12.be determined to do...决心做……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1...I have dreamed about/of taking a great bike trip.
2.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.
3.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it
begins to where it ends.
4.She insisted that she organize the trip properly.
5.The air would be hard to breathe.
6.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.
Ⅳ.重点语法
本单元主要学习：现在进行时表示现在进行的动作；代替将来时态，表示一个最近按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，这类动词通常是瞬间动作；代替一般现在时态表示一个经常性重复的动作或状态，这时句中常带always或forever，以表示说话人的某种感情，如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等或强调情况的暂时性使其生动。
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Unit 2　English around the world
【单元导航】
中国式英语
欧洲人做过精细的统计，自1994年以来加入国际英语行列的词汇中，中式英语贡献了5%到20%，超过任何其他来源。
除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中国功夫(kung fu)”、“麻将(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之类绝无仅有的称谓，再挑拣几个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的“鸡蛋词”。
(一)丝绸——silk
中国是养蚕大国，丝绸的故乡。“silk”的发音，显然是汉语的音译，这个词代表了中国高超的工艺技术和贸易强势。即便现在，丝绸仍在现代生活中充当雍容华丽、典雅高贵的象征。
(二)茶——tea
这个词，又是英国人从拗口的闽南话里偷走的。茶，和丝绸、瓷器比肩，堪称古代中国对外贸易的拳头产品。目前，品茶代表了一种生活方式和文化品位。 18世纪的柴斯特顿勋爵在《训子家书》里写道：“尽管茶来自东方，它毕竟是绅士气味的；而可可则是个痞子、懦夫，一头粗野的猛兽。”
(三)世外桃源——Shangrila (Xanadu)
这是两个近义词，都有“世外桃源”的意思。“Shangrila”出自西藏的传说之地——香格里拉，“Xanadu”则是蒙古的元上都。如果要表达“世外桃源”，通常采用“Xanadu”这个词。
(四)风水——Feng Shui
风水，还是音译。它凝聚了古代中国在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集体智慧。近年来，风水在美国红极一时，从中国人唇齿之间发出的音节，已经成为当代人急需探究的学问。
(五)走狗——running dogs
中国式英语“running dogs”贴切地表达了一种见利忘义、供人驱使的“下三烂”。最先运用这个词的是中国人，还是英国人，已无从考证；重要的是，英语世界接纳了“走狗”，并以汉语的思维抚育这个“外来词”。接纳词汇的同时，无形中也接受了中国人的价值观。
(六)大款、巨亨——tycoon
这种称呼是近些年才流行街巷的，指有钱、有势的商人或者企业家，中国传统的叫法是“大掌柜”。
Section One　Warming Up and Reading
Ⅰ.Lead in
1.Can you name some countries in which English is spoken
2.Is the English in those countries the same
3.Do you know the differences between American English and British English？
British English American English
Spelling colour　favourite　theatre　centre　metre　travelled color favorite theater centermeter traveled
Words lift (电梯)petrol (汽油)flat (公寓)autumnunderground (地铁)university (大学)rubbish (垃圾)dustbin (垃圾箱)holidayfortnight (两星期) elevatorgasapartmentfallsubwaycollegegarbagetrash canvacationtwo weeks
Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下列问题
(1) From AD 450 to 1150，English sounded more like .
A.French B.Chinese
C.German D.Russian
答案　C
(2) Between AD 800 and 1500，English sounded more like .
A.French B.Chinese
C.German D.Russian
答案　A
(3)Shakespeare’s English was spoken around .
A.1400’s B.1150’s
C.450’s D.1600’s
答案　D
Ⅲ.精读课文，完成下列问题
1.完成下列表格
The road to modern English
AD 450－1150 The English was spoken in England.It was based more on (1)German than the English we speak at present.
AD 800－1150 Because the people who (2)ruled England spoke first Danish and later French，English became (3)less like German.
In the 1600’s (4)Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
In 1620 Some British settlers moved to (5)America.
In the 18th century Some British people were taken to (6)Australia.
1765－1947 English was spoken in India as well as in Africa and Asia.It became the language for (7)government and education in India.
By the 19th century The English language was settled.Two big changes: Samuel Johnson wrote his (8)dictionary.Noah Webster wrote (9)The American Dictionary of the English Language and gave a separate identity to (10)American English spelling.
Now English is also spoken in (11)India，(12)Singapore，(13)Malaysia，(14)Africa and so on.
2.概括每段的大意
Para.1：It describes the extension of English in the world.
Para.2：It tells us native speakers can understand each other but not everything.
Para.3：It tells the development of English as native language.
Para.4：It tells us English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.
Ⅳ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语
1.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from
the English spoken today.
句子结构分析： spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150在句中作the English的
定语；spoken today作定语修饰第二个the English。
翻译：起先，从公元450年到1150年，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就不同。
2.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
句子结构分析： be based on意为“以……为基础”；more A than B意为“与B相比，
更像A；与其说是B不如说是A”。 we speak at present作定语修饰the English。
翻译：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
Ⅴ.小组讨论(选择其中一个题目即可)
1.What factors affected the use of a language
(提示：international role，economic development，development of democracy, the image in
the world，cultural development)
2.Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English
3.Will Chinese English become one of the world English？
Section Two　Language Points
1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English？你知道吗，(世界上)有许多英语
种类？
There are more than 100 people at the party.
有100多人参加聚会。
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
Her performance was more than good；it was perfect.
她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。
He more than smiled；he laughed outright.
他岂止是微笑，简直是大笑了。
The consequence was much more than he imagined.
结果远远超过了他的想像。
more than＋数词，意为比……多，超过，相当于over；其后接名词，意为不只是，不仅
仅，表示程度和加强语气；其后接形容词或副词，意为十分，非常；其后接动词，意为
岂止是，不仅仅；其后接从句，意为比……更。
(1)more...than...
①more＋＋than...为一个表示比较级的句型，意为“比……”。
The problem is more complicated than we expected.
这个问题比我们预料的要复杂得多。
You’ve actually given me more help than I need.
你其实没必要给我这么多帮助。
②more A than B 相当于not so much B as A，是指“与其B倒不如A”。
—He failed to pass the driving test.
——他没能通过驾驶考试。
—The reason lies more in his carelessness than in his timidness.
——与其说是因为他胆小倒不如说是因为他粗心。
(2)not more than意思是“至多，不超过”，它相当于at (the) most。
He’s only a child of not more than 10.
他仅仅是个不到10岁的孩子。
(3)no more(...)than...
①no more than后面常接数词，表示数量少，相当于only，意为“仅仅，只有”。
To my surprise，no more than 5 members shared my idea.
令我吃惊的是，只有5个人同意我的观点。
②no more(...)than...意为“和……一样都不……”，表示对前后两方面均否定。
Don’t ask him about it.He knows no more than you.
别问他这件事了。他和你一样对此一无所知。
短语识境
A.more than　 B .no more than　 C.more...than D.not...more than
(1)—Do you need any help，Lucy
—Yes.This job is more than I could do myself.
(2)—My son is a little slow in studying maths.
—He’s more lazy than slow.He seldom does any exercises.
(3)When I first began to work，you know，I could earn no more than 50 dollars every month.
(4)I’ll not give you more than I can spare.
2. ...people from England made voyages to conquer other parts...英国人航海去征服其他区
域……
He took a voyage to study plants on that island.
他航海去那个岛上研究植物。
voyage，名词，常构成短语make或take a voyage/voyages，on voyage意为在航海中。
voyage，journey，travel，tour，trip
(1)voyage主要指“乘船作水上旅行”，也可指“空中旅行”。
(2)journey应用范围很广，指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行”，
一般来说，它着重指“长距离的陆上旅行”。
(3)travel(n.)习惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远，时间长。此外，travel
还可以作动词用。
(4)tour指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”，常含有“最后回到原出发点”的意
思。
(5)trip为一般用语，指“任何方式的、从事业务或游览的旅行”，往往着重于“短途旅
行”，在口语中，可与journey互换。
(1)他决定乘飞机去纽约旅行。
He decided to make a journey to New York by air.
(2)在航行中他晕船了。
He got seasick on voyage.
(3)他要周游全球。
He is going to make a round the world tour.
(4)《马可·波罗游记》是我读过的最有意思的书。
The Travels of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.
(5)因为暴风雪，旅行取消了。
This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.
3. ...and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries.……因为那一
点，许多国家开始说英语。
He didn’t go to school because of his illness.
由于生病他没去上学。
The bus was late because of the heavy snow.
因为大雪公交车晚点了。
He lost the job because he was careless.
因为粗心他失去了这份工作。
because of属介词短语，后跟名词；because是连词，后跟句子。
The open air party has been put off the bad weather.
A.because of B.because
C.instead of D.instead
答案　A
4. Yes，I’d like to come up to your apartment.好啊，我想去你住的地方。
He came up and introduced himself.
他走上前来并作了自我介绍。
The diver came up to the surface to have a deep breath.
潜水员浮到水面深吸了一口气。
The seeds I sowed last week haven’t come up yet.
上星期我播下的种子还没有发芽呢。
When did these idioms come up
这些习语是什么时候开始流行的？
I’ll let you know if anything comes up.
如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。
The question hasn’t come up yet.
这个问题还没有被提出来。
The price is coming up all the way.
价格一直在上涨。
come up，动词短语，无被动语态，意为走近；上来；发芽；流行；发生；被提出；上
升。
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)The boy came at us with a stick.
(2)The price of oil is coming down，making the consumers happy.
(3)I came across some photos when looking through the book.
(4)How did the war come about
(5)When is your new book coming out
(6)All the clothes came to $ 1,000.
5. It was based more on German than...当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而不是……
They based the report on facts.
这篇新闻报道完全是以事实为依据的。
We camped at the base of the mountain.
我们在山脚下安营。
Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.
卡尔·马克思把伦敦作为他的革命根据地。
base，作动词时意为以……为基础，常见结构是base...on/upon...或be based on/upon...；作
名词时，意为基础；基部；基地。
(1)这部电影是以鲁迅的小说为蓝本的。
The film is based on a novel by Lu Xun.
(2)容器的底部有个洞。
There is a hole in the base of the container.
(3)那个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但总部在巴黎。
That company has offices all over the world，but their base is in Paris.
6. ...the English we speak at present.我们目前所说的英语……
We haven’t found the thief at present.
目前我们还没抓到这个贼。
at present意为现在；目前。
present
the present government现政府
All the people who were present at the meeting were for the plan.
出席会议的人都赞同这个计划。
All the students present are against his advice.
所有在座的学生都反对他的建议。
All the presents should be presented to each students present at the present time.
这些礼物应当送给目前在场的每一位学生。
(1)I don’t plan to go on holiday at present (目前).
(2)大部分到场的科学家表达了他们对当前国家形势的看法。
Most of the scientists present expressed their ideas about the present national situation.
7. Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚所用的
词汇量比任何时候都大。
You must make good use of every opportunity to practise English.
你必须好好利用每一个机会练习英语。
The Internet resources should be made full use of.
网络资源应当得到充分利用。
make use of 意为利用；make good use of意为好好利用……；make full use of意为充分利
用……，其中use是不可数名词。
make the best of 充分利用，善用……
make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用……
You should make the best/most of this valuable opportunity.
你应该充分利用这宝贵的机会。
Full use should be the time to practise speaking more English.
A.taken B.made
C.taken of D.made of
答案　D
8. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South
Africa.在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲一些国家如南非，人们也说英语。
I like those students who are careful with their lessons，such as Mary，Lina.
我喜欢那些学习认真的学生，例如：玛丽，琳娜。
English is spoken in many countries，such as Australia and Canada.
许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。
Metals are such things as iron and steel.
金属是一些像铁、钢一样的东西。
such as意为例如，用于列举前面所述情况，有时也可分开用，such后接名词或代词，as
后接名词或定语从句修饰such后的成分。
for example，such as
(1)for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为
例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Ball games，for example，have spread around the world.
例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。
(2)such as 用来列举事物时，一般列举同类人和事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与
前面的名词之间，as后面不用逗号。
(3)使用such as短语时，后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和，一旦相等
就要用that is 或namely。
I have three good friends，such as John，Jack and Tom.(错)
I have three good friends；that is，John，Jack and Tom.
我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
用that is，such as，for example填空
(1)He knows three languages，that is，Chinese，French and English.
(2)What would you do if you met a wild animal—a lion，for example
(3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，such as wheat，corn，cotton and rice.
(4)Matter may be invisible；air，for example，is this kind of the matter.
9. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中国，
学习英语的人数在迅速增长。
India has a very large number of fluent English speakers...印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的
人。
A number of cars are in the street.大街上有许多车。
The number of cars in our company is increasing.我们公司的轿车数在增长。
the number of意为……的数量，作主语时谓语用单数；a number of意为许多，作主语时，
谓语用复数，该短语也可换为numbers of，number可被large、small、great、good来修饰。
I know of your classmates are studying French；what’s of them
A.the number；a number B.a number；the number
C.a number；a number D.the number；the number
答案　B
10. Only time will tell.只能让时间来断定了。
It is difficult to tell Lucy from Lily.很难分辨出Lucy和Lily。
I can’t tell who is wrong.我分不清谁错了。
tell意为分辨，辨别，tell A from B把A和B分辨清。
He is too young to right wrong.
　A.know；from B.say；from
C.tell；from D.tell；of
答案　C
通向现代英语之路
16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：
英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗？”
美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。”
那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。
最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。
现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言使用了。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。
Section Three　Grammar
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)
1.“Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.
→ The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet.
2.The father said to his children,“Don’t move！”
→The father told his children not to move.
上面两个句子考查祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，例句1是表示请求的口气；例句
2是表示命令的口气。
当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上
ask，order，tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：
(1)表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask/beg/request sb.to do sth.；
(2)表示叫、吩咐、命令某人做某事时用tell/order/command sb.to do sth.；
(3)表示忠告，用 advise sb.(not) to do sth.。例如：
①She said to us,“Please have a rest.”
→She asked us to have a rest.
②The old man said,“Don’t smoke in the hall.”
→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.
③The officer said,“Go away.”
→The officer ordered us to go away.
注意　当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求，命令”等口气，
所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地
点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如：
One of the doctors said,“Let me go on with the operation，Dr.Bethune.”
→One of the doctors asked Dr.Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
不知道同学们注意到没有,该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr.Bethune,一般把它当作宾语用。
祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。如：
Wei Fang asked him to give it to her.
→“Give it to me，please,” Wei Fang said to him.
另外，感叹句的直接引语变间接引语的结构为：
直引：主语＋动词＋“感叹句”
间引：主语＋动词＋陈述句
He said,“what a fine day it is！”
→He said what a fine day it was.
He said,“How fine the day is！”
→He said how fine the day was.
→He exclaimed that it was a fine day.
1.间接感叹句的动词应该是cry或exclaim。
2.可以仍用what，how等词，语序不变，也可以用that从句，把动词say改为cry，shout，
exclaim等。
变下列直接引语为间接引语
1.“Write a letter to your parents,”said the teacher.
The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents.
2.“Don’t play games in the classroom，”mother said.
Mother ordered me not to play games in the classroom.
3.“It is a fine day.Let’s go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me.
Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with
him.
4.He said to Tom，“Don’t do the work any more.”
He told Tom not to do the work any more.
5.Mrs.Green said，“Please sing us a song，Miss White.”
Mrs.Green asked Miss White to sing them a song.
6.“Be quiet，children.” said Mrs.Wilson.
Mrs.Wilson told the children to be quiet.
7.Mother said to me，“Come back before 10∶00.”
Mother told me to come back before 10∶00.
8.“Don’t look out of the window，” she said.
She told me not to look out of the window.
Section Four　Using Language
走进课文
Ⅰ. Lead in
1.How many dialects are there in China？What are they
北方方言、粤语、客家话、赣语、吴语、闽南话、湘语等
2.Do you think there are some dialects in English
Ⅱ.Fast reading: Is there standard English
Ⅲ.Detailed reading
1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text
Four.They are midwestern，southern，African American and Spanish.
2.Why do people from both northeastern and southeastern of U.S.speak with almost the same
dialect
Because when Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects
with them.
3.Why are there so many dialects in American English
That’s because people come from all over the world.And geography plays a part in
making dialects.
Language Points
1. Can you find the following command and request from Reading？你能从“Reading”里找
到下面的命令或要求吗？
She received the command that she should return soon.
她服从了命令，不久将会返回。
The teacher made a request that the students should be well prepared for the exams.
老师要求学生们对考试做充分的准备。
command，名词，意为命令；指挥；掌握；request，名词，意为请求，要求，这两个词后
面跟从句时，从句的谓语动词都用“should＋动词原形(should可省略)”。
request、command也可作动词用，其后从句的结构也是“should＋动词原形(且should可省
略)”。
request sth.of/from sb.向某人请求……
request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
request＋that clause请求……
应某人的请求
be in request有需要；受欢迎
on/upon request一经请求
in command of sb.由……掌握着
have a good command of...精通……
She made a request for help.她请求帮助她。
She requested him to go with her.她要求他一同去。
The famous star sang a song by request.那位明星应邀演唱了一首歌。
He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.
他按照经理的要求到了那里。
Li Ming requested a computer from his parents.李明向父母要了一台电脑。
The boss requested that he (should) come early.老板要求他早来。
She commanded that the prisoners (should) be set free.她下令把那些囚犯释放。
He commanded his men to retreat.他命令手下撤退。
For the first time in years，she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己手里。
(1)The general commanded to leave (命令出发) soon.
(2)He was told to be in command of his temper (控制脾气).
(3)The expert made a speech by request (应邀).
(4)He requested much money from/of (要了很多钱)his parents.
(5)The manager requested that all should be quiet at work/while working (要求所有的人工
作时要安静).
2. Believe it or not，...信不信由你，……
Believe it or not，the eight year old boy can speak 3 foreign languages.
信不信由你，这个8岁的孩子会说三门外语。
believe it or not在句中通常作插入语，表明说话者的语气或态度。
常用作插入语的还有：
judging from/by从……判断
generally speaking一般说来
to tell the truth说实话
to be sure确切地说
to be frank坦率地说
I think/believe/suppose，you know/see等
To get your help， ，the little girl walked 15 miles.
A.to be frank B.believe it or not
C.to tell the truth D.judging from
答案　B
3. ...there is no such thing as standard English.(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
many such books许多这样的书
several such songs几首这样的歌
no such kid没这种孩子
such与all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one连用时，应位于它们
的后面，但放在a/an的前面。
(1)办公室没有这种人。
There is no such person in the office.
(2)你非要买这么贵的大衣吗？
Do you have to buy such an expensive coat
(3)这种事不会再发生了。
Such things will never happen.
4. Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
The wheat plays an important part in our life.
小麦在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。
He has played a part in the TV play.
他在这部电视剧中扮演一个角色。
play a part in意为在……中起作用或在……中扮演角色。
play a role in...与play a part in...同义。
play the role/part of...in...在……中扮演……角色
I will play the part of the nurse in the play.
我将在那部戏里扮演一个护士。
The UN plays an important part in international relations.
联合国在国际关系方面扮演着重要的角色/起着重要作用。
(1)Do you know the part that he in the meeting
A.took B.made C.caused D.played
答案　D
(2)I think it is the government that plays in protecting the air around us.
A.the part B.the role C.a role D.roles
答案　C
5. Although many Americans move a lot，they still recognize and understand each other’s
dialects.虽然美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍能辨认、理解彼此的方言。
I don’t recognize this word—what does it mean
我不认识这个单词，它的意思是什么？
Many people fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of being denied.
许多人没有看到这一切正处于被否定的危险之中。
recognize，动词，意为认出，识别；承认。
recognize one’s voice辨认出某人的声音
be recognized as...被承认为……
recognize sb.to be...承认某人是……
recognize＋that clause承认……
recognized公认的
(1)你知道谁被认为是世界上的最佳导演之一吗？
Do you know who is recognized as one of the best directors in the world
(2)这是一个公认的沏茶的方法。
This is a recognized method of making tea.
6. So she asks directions and then tells her friends.于是她问路并告诉她的朋友。
First you should learn how to ask directions in a strange place.
在一个陌生的地方你首先应学会如何问路。
I can speak more English under the direction of my teacher.
在老师的指导下我会说更多的英语了。
Please read the directions before drinking.喝前先看说明书。
direction，名词，意为方向；指导；趋势；用法；说明(书)，作“用法，说明(书)”讲时常
用其复数形式。
ask and give directions问路和指路
in all directions(＝in every direction)向四面八方；向各方面
in the direction of...朝……方向
under the direction of...在……指导下
(1)你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？
In which direction are you going，north or south
(2)展览馆面朝什么方向？
Which direction does this exhibition hall face
(3)这是语言发展的新方向。
This is a new direction in language development.
(4)他向学校的方向走去。
He walked in the direction of the school.
标准英语和方言
什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。
当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人来自世界各地的缘故。
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
Section Five　Writing
给你支招
　　海报是贴在人来人往的地方，告知广大群众大多是喜闻乐见的消息，如电影消息、球讯、商品报道等等，其性质类似广告，有的还配以绘画以增加吸引力。 一、海报的特点 (一)广告宣传性 海报希望社会各界的参与，它是广告的一种。有的海报加以美术的设计，以吸引更多的人加入活动。海报可以在媒体上刊登、播放，但大部分是张贴于人们易于见到的地方。其广告性色彩极其浓厚。 (二)商业性 海报是为某项活动作的前期广告和宣传，其目的是让人们参与其中，演出类海报占海报中的大部分，而演出类广告又往往着眼于商业性目的。当然，学术报告类的海报一般是不具有商业性的。 二、海报的分类(一)电影海报这是影剧院公布演出电影的名称、时间、地点及内容介绍的一种海报。这类海报有的还会配上简单的宣传画，将电影中的主要人物画面形象地描绘出来，以扩大宣传的力度。(二)文艺晚会、杂技、体育比赛等海报这类海报同电影海报大同小异，它的内容是观众可以身临其境进行娱乐观赏的一种演出活动，这类海报一般有较强的参与性。海报的设计往往要新颖别致，引人入胜。(三)学术报告类这是一种为一些学术性的活动而发布的海报。一般张贴在学校或相关的单位。学术类海报具有较强的针对性。三、海报的写作格式和内容海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。(一)标题海报的标题写法较多，大体可以有以下一些形式：其一，单独由文种名构成。即在第一行中间写上“海报”字样。其二，直接由活动的内容承担题目。如“舞讯”、“影讯”、“球讯”等。其三，可以是一些描述性的文字。如“×××再显风彩，×××旧事重提”。(二)正文海报的正文要求写清楚以下一些内容：第一，活动的目的和意义；第二，活动的主要项目、时间、地点等；第三，参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。(三)落款要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。以上格式是就海报的整体而讲的，实际使用中，有些内容可以少写或省略。
品味鉴赏 品味佳作
　　请以学生会的名义为一场英语晚会写一份海报，内容如下： 学生会将在9月30日7点在校礼堂举办英语晚会，来自加拿大的史密斯教授在7∶30的节目表演前将回答同学们关于如何提高英语水平的问题。欢迎届时参加！ English Evening Party(这是海报的标题) All Are Warmly Welcome The time is(改为Time：) September 30，at 7 p.m. The place is (改为Place：) School Hall Professor Smith comes (应删掉) from Canada will be there to answer questions about how to improve English studies (应删掉) before the performances which will begin at 7∶30. Students’ UnionSeptember 23 　　English Evening PartyAll Are Warmly WelcomeTime：September 30，at 7 p.m. Place：School Hall Professor Smith from Canada will be there to answer questions about how to improve English before the performances which will begin at 7∶30.Students’ UnionSeptember 23
以我之见
　　本文语言简练，在介绍Professor Smith时用短语from Canada作定语，且用定语从句修饰先行词the performances。
【趁热打铁】
校学生会将于六月五日即周六下午4点在篮球场组织一场与三中的篮球友谊赛，请大家届时观看。
【参考范文】
POSTER
Friendly Basketball Match
All Are Welcome
Organized by the Students’ Union of our school，a friendly basketball match will be held between No.3 Middle School team and ours on the basketball court on Saturday，June 5，at 4 p.m..
Students’ Union
Tuesday，June 1
检验真知——目标回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.actually adv.实际上；事实上→actual adj.
2.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.
3.identity n.本身；本体；身份→identify vt.确认，认出
4.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.
5.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.
6.Spanish adj.&n.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的；西班牙语→Spain n.西班牙
7.eastern adj.东方的；东部的→east n.
8.straight adv.&adj.直接；挺直；直的；笔直的；正直的→straighten v.使变直；变正
9.voyage n.航行；航海
10.native adj.&n.本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人
11.apartment n.[美]公寓住宅；单元住宅
12.base vt.&n.以……为根据；基部；基地；基础
13.vocabulary n.词汇；词汇量；词汇表
mand n.&vt.命令；指令；掌握
15.request n.&vt.请求；要求
16.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认
17.accent n.口音；腔调；重音
18.lightning n.闪电
19.petrol n.[英]汽油＝gasoline n.[美]
20. official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 →office n.办公室；政府部门→officer n.官员
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.make use of利用；使用
2.at that time在那时
3.such as例如……；像这种的
4.the number of ……的数量；……的号码
5.instead of代替
6.play a part in在……中扮演一个角色；参与
7.more than one...不止一种
8.be different from one another彼此不同
9.English around the world世界上的英语
10.at the end of the sixteenth century在十六世纪末
11.because of因为；由于
12.come up走近；上来；提出
municate with交流
14.be based on建立在……基础上
15.at present目前；现在
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from
the English spoken today.
2.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
3.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
4.Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
Ⅳ.重点语法
本单元主要学习祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask，order，tell等转述动词。表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask/beg/request sb.to do sth.；表示叫、吩咐、命令某人做某事时用tell/order/command
sb.to do sth.；表示忠告某人做/不做某事时用advise sb.(not) to do sth.。
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