独立主格结构 教案及练习
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科目：英语 主备人：朱正 时间
独立主格结构
教学目标： 1. 掌握独立主格的定义2. 学会运用独立主格结构
教学重难点 1. 掌握独立主格的定义2. 学会运用独立主格结构
Step1.独立主格结构之定义由一个名词或代词（或它们对应的短语）作为逻辑主语，然后加上一个非谓语动词（现在分词，过去分词，不定式）或形容词、副词、介词短语作为逻辑谓语的结构就是独立主格结构。公式：n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/p.pStep2.独立主格结构之特点（和分词作状语进行比较）1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语__________(一致/不一致)2.逻辑主语与其后的成分之间是__________(主谓/动宾)3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开；4.表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般位于句首，其它的独立主格结构则可位于句首、句中或句尾都行；5.独立主格结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它是一个独立的短语，不是句子，更不是从句，但在意思上依附于整个句子。Step3.独立主格结构的形式公式：n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.p1.Spring coming, trees turn green.2.Weather permitting, we’ll go on a picnic.3.My homework finished, I went out and played basketball.4.His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.5..She came in, her nose red with cold.6.He left in a hurry, with the door open. 7.The meeting over, we all went home
8..He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon9.The teacher came in, book in hand.Step4独立主格结构的句法功能1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home.
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
2） 表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. Her glasses broken , she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 4） 表示方式或伴随状况
The teacher entered the classroom, his students following him.特别提醒：英语里的特殊结构，除了有独立主格结构外，还有with的复合结构即with+n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.p此结构一般多作状语，表示伴随状况，方式，时间或条件等，he fell asleep with his radio still workingwith the problem solved ,we all felt very happy.with the teacher to help us ,we will make greater progress.it is bad manners to speak with your mouth fullhe went out with no hat on he died with his son yet a school boyMiss Hu entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.Step5 练习: 用独立主格结构改写下列句子if weather permits ,we’ll hold the meeting in the open air.as the river had risen in the night ,the crossing was impossible.when all the grain had been removed, he set about helping homeless women and children to places of safetysince everything is ready ,the experiment may start it at once. 1)All flights ______ ,we decided to take a greyhound. A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled 2)The production ______ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A.has gone up B.is going up C.having gone up D.being gone upStep6思考并总结1）独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语的区别 2）独立主格结构作状语和状语从句的区别 小结与反思 二次备课
使用独立主格结构的四个注意点：
1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
1.Ford tried dividing the labor,each worker ______ a separate task.
A.assigning B.assigned
C.was assigned D.would be assigned
2.The lecture ______,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.
A.began B.beginning
C.having begun D.being beginning
3.Such ______ the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
A.being B.is
C.was D.to be
4.Darkness ______ in,the young people lingered on merrymaking.
A.set B.setting
C.has set D.was set
5.With all factors ______,we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.
A.being considered B.considering
C.considered D.are considered
6.A new technique ______,the yields as a whole increased by 20percent.
A.to have been worked out
B.having worked out
C.working out
D.having been worked out
7.On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still,ears ______,alert,listening.
A.pointed B.pointing
C.are pointed D.are pointing
8.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ,but our work ______,we declined the offer.
A.not being finished
B.not having finished
C.had not been finished
D.was not finished
9.There are various kinds of metals ,each ______ its own properties.
A.has B.had
C.to have D.having
10.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each ______ one major point in contrast with the other.
A.makes B.made
C.is to make D.making
独立主格结构
教学目标： 1. 掌握独立主格的定义2. 学会运用独立主格结构
教学重难点 1. 掌握独立主格的定义2. 学会运用独立主格结构
Step1.独立主格结构之定义由一个名词或代词（或它们对应的短语）作为逻辑主语，然后加上一个非谓语动词（现在分词，过去分词，不定式）或形容词、副词、介词短语作为逻辑谓语的结构就是独立主格结构。公式：n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/p.pStep2.独立主格结构之特点（和分词作状语进行比较）1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语__________(一致/不一致)2.逻辑主语与其后的成分之间是__________(主谓/动宾)3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开；4.表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般位于句首，其它的独立主格结构则可位于句首、句中或句尾都行；5.独立主格结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它是一个独立的短语，不是句子，更不是从句，但在意思上依附于整个句子。Step3.独立主格结构的形式公式：n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.p1.Spring coming, trees turn green.2.Weather permitting, we’ll go on a picnic.3.My homework finished, I went out and played basketball.4.His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.5..She came in, her nose red with cold.6.He left in a hurry, with the door open. 7.The meeting over, we all went home
8..He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon9.The teacher came in, book in hand.Step4独立主格结构的句法功能1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home.
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
2） 表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. Her glasses broken , she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 4） 表示方式或伴随状况
The teacher entered the classroom, his students following him.特别提醒：英语里的特殊结构，除了有独立主格结构外，还有with的复合结构即with+n/pron +v-ing/v-过分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.p此结构一般多作状语，表示伴随状况，方式，时间或条件等，he fell asleep with his radio still workingwith the problem solved ,we all felt very happy.with the teacher to help us ,we will make greater progress.it is bad manners to speak with your mouth fullhe went out with no hat on he died with his son yet a school boyMiss Hu entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.Step5 练习: 用独立主格结构改写下列句子if weather permits ,we’ll hold the meeting in the open air.as the river had risen in the night ,the crossing was impossible.when all the grain had been removed, he set about helping homeless women and children to places of safetysince everything is ready ,the experiment may start it at once. 1)All flights ______ ,we decided to take a greyhound. A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled 2)The production ______ steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A.has gone up B.is going up C.having gone up D.being gone upStep6思考并总结1）独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语的区别 2）独立主格结构作状语和状语从句的区别 小结与反思 二次备课
使用独立主格结构的四个注意点：
1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
1.Ford tried dividing the labor,each worker ______ a separate task.
A.assigning B.assigned
C.was assigned D.would be assigned
2.The lecture ______,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.
A.began B.beginning
C.having begun D.being beginning
3.Such ______ the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
A.being B.is
C.was D.to be
4.Darkness ______ in,the young people lingered on merrymaking.
A.set B.setting
C.has set D.was set
5.With all factors ______,we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.
A.being considered B.considering
C.considered D.are considered
6.A new technique ______,the yields as a whole increased by 20percent.
A.to have been worked out
B.having worked out
C.working out
D.having been worked out
7.On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still,ears ______,alert,listening.
A.pointed B.pointing
C.are pointed D.are pointing
8.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ,but our work ______,we declined the offer.
A.not being finished
B.not having finished
C.had not been finished
D.was not finished
9.There are various kinds of metals ,each ______ its own properties.
A.has B.had
C.to have D.having
10.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each ______ one major point in contrast with the other.
A.makes B.made
C.is to make D.making