2018江苏高考英语（译林牛津）一轮复习：模块7阅读类练习及答案+知识梳理【3份打包】

2018江苏高考英语（译林牛津）一轮复习：模块5U2阅读类练习及答案+知识梳理
一、泛读部分
完形填空。
These
days
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )veryone
wants
to
“get
rich”
overnight.
We
all
__1__
marrying
someone
from
a
wealthy
family,
making
a
lot
of
__2__，
or
winning
the
lottery
(彩票).
But
do
these
things
really
make
us
happy
Many
of
the
richest
celebrities
(名人)
happen
to
be
some
of
the
most
__3__
people.
They
buy
expensive
houses
and
clothes
that
they
__4__
use.
They
may
become
__5__
and
even
become
addicted
to
__6__.
They
have
become
so
focused
on
money
and
material
things
that
they
forget
about
the
people
and
activities
they
__7__.
Now,
more
young
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople
have
the
opportunity
for
a
better
education,
and
better
chances
of
making
a
high
__8__.
These
are
great
achievements，__9__
will
they
make
you
happy
In
the
US
many
young
people
believe
that
being
rich
and
being
happy
are
two
__10__
things.
When
attending
university,
they
often
choose
to
study
subjects
that
they
are
__11__
rather
than
subjects
that
will
get
them
__12__
jobs.
Instead
of
majoring
in
“business”
or
“management”，
many
American
students
today
have
majors
like
“theater”
or
“modern
dance”.
The
__13__
is
that
making
a
lot
of
money
doesn't
mean
that
you
will
be
satisfied
with
your
__14__.
Nowadays,
young
people
are
__15__
careers
that
they
love
doing
rather
than
careers
that
pay
well.
I
think
that
as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )being
__16__
becomes
more
possible,
we
need
to
__17__
what
the
term
“fortune”
really
means.
Do
we
need
to
have
money
and
material
things
to
be
fortunate
Or
does
__18__
just
mean
having
what
we
need
to
be
happy
__19__，
what
things
make
you
happy
Be
honest
with
yourself.
It
may
take
__20__
a
rich
spouse(配偶)or
much
money
to
make
you
happy!
拥有财富和拥有幸福本质上是有区别
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的。有些有钱人去购买永远不会去用的昂贵的房子、衣服，沉溺于吸毒，其实他们并不幸福。现在更多的年轻人选择了去接受良好的教育，从事自己乐意从事的职业，上大学、接受教育并不仅仅是为了有一份高薪的工作。
1．A.think
of
B．dream
of
C．care
about
D．insist
on
答案：B　根据上一句中的wants和下文可知，这些想法都是“梦想”。
2．A.changes
B．friends
C．efforts
D．money
答案：D　要快点富起来，当然要赚到一大笔钱。make
a
lot
of
money“赚大钱”。
3．A.unhappy
B．happy
C．lucky
D．unlucky
答案：A　从下文那些有钱人的做法可知他们中有些人不幸福。
4．A.always
B．really
C．never
D．personally
答案：C　他们去购买永远不会去用的昂贵的房子、衣服。
5．A.annoyed
B．depressed
C．satisfied
D．injured
答案：B　此空和下文become
addicted
to...
是并列关系，因此选择depressed“郁闷的，消沉的”。
6．A.work
B．games
C．adventures
D．drugs
答案：D　become
addicted
to...常用来指“沉迷于”一些不良的嗜好。drug“毒品”。
7．A.love
B．hate
C．enjoy
D．know
答案：A　前面的先行词是people
and
activities,
因此只能用love,
而不能用enjoy“喜欢”。
8．A.salary
B．goal
C．degree
D．fame
答案：A
解析：本文主要讲对财富的追
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )求，故选A。句意：现在更多的年轻人有机会接受更好的教育，有机会赚到高额的“薪水”(salary)。这里和文章开头呼应。goal“目标”；degree“程度”；fame“名誉”。
9．A.so
B．and
C．but
D．or
答案：C　从上下文来看，这里是转折关系。
10．A.difficult
B．different
C．pleasant
D．important
答案：B　联系上下文可知，富有和幸福是不同的。
11．A.used
to
B．familiar
with
C．related
to
D．interested
in
答案：D　根据rather
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han和get
them
______
jobs
可知此处指选择他们感兴趣的专业。be
used
to
sth.“习惯于”；be
related
to“与……有关”；be
familiar
with“熟悉”。
12．A.high paying
B．prize winning
C．trouble saving
D．long enjoying
答案：A　high paying“报酬高的”。
13．A.point
B．purpose
C．result
D．question
答案：A　point“要点”。其他三个选项均不合题意。
14．A.health
B．future
C．life
D．major
答案：C　有钱并不意味着对“生活”感到满意。
15．A.creating
B．avoiding
C．missing
D．choosing
答案：D　choose
career“择业”。
16．A.independent
B．wealthy
C．unselfish
D．famous
答案：B　由于致富已不是问题，我们有必要重新思考“富有”的真正含义。
17．A.study
B．understand
C．rethink
D．recall
答案：C　“重新思考”用rethink,
其他选项不合文意。
18．A.fortune
B．career
C．success
D.
peace
答案：A　这里作者以问句的形式提出了本文的观点：富有(fortune)是否就意味着拥有幸福所需要的东西。
19．A.Even
if
B．If
so
C．Only
if
D．If
only
答案：B　
这里承接上句，if
so“如果这样的话”。
20．A.kind
of
B．nothing
but
C．as
much
as
D．more
than
答案：D　真正的幸福不只是拥有一个有钱的配偶或有很多钱。nothing
but“只不过，仅仅”。
【阅读理解】阅读下列短文,
从给的四个选项
(A、B、C和D)
中,
选出最佳选项。
A
new
study
shows
stud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents
who
write
notes
by
hand
during
lectures
perform
better
on
exams
than
those
who
use
laptops(笔记本电脑)．
Students
are
incre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asingly
using
laptops
for
note taking
because
of
speed
and
legibility(清晰度)．But
the
research
has
found
laptop
users
are
less
able
to
remember
and
apply
the
concepts
they
have
been
taught.
Researchers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )performed
experiments
that
aimed
to
find
out
whether
using
a
laptop
increased
the
tendency
to
make
notes“mindlessly”by
taking
down
word
for
word
what
the
professors
said.
In
the
first
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
experiment，students
were
given
either
a
laptop
or
pen
and
paper.They
listened
to
the
same
lectures
and
were
told
to
use
their
usual
note taking
skills.Thirty
minutes
after
the
talk，they
were
examined
on
their
ability
to
remember
facts
and
on
how
well
they
understood
concepts.
The
researchers
fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und
that
laptop
users
took
twice
as
many
notes
as
those
who
wrote
by
hand.However，the
typists
performed
worse
at
remembering
and
applying
the
concepts.Both
groups
scored
similarly
when
it
came
to
memorizing
facts.
The
researchers'
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )port
said，“While
more
notes
are
beneficial，if
the
notes
are
taken
mindlessly，as
is
more
likely
the
case
on
a
laptop，the
benefit
disappears.”
In
another
experimen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
aimed
at
testing
long term
memory，students
took
notes
as
before
but
were
tested
a
week
after
the
lecture.This
time，the
students
who
wrote
notes
by
hand
performed
significantly
better
on
the
exam.
These
two
experimen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
suggest
that
handwritten
notes
are
not
only
better
for
immediate
learning
and
understanding，but
that
they
also
lead
to
superior
revision
in
the
future.
1．More
and
more
studen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
favor
laptops
for
note taking
because
they
can________.
A．write
more
notes
B．digest
concepts
better
C．get
higher
scores
D．understand
lectures
better
2．While
taking
notes，laptop
users
tend
to
be________.
A．skillful
B．mindless
C．thoughtful
D．tireless
3．The
author
of
the
passage
aims
to________.
A．examine
the
importance
of
long term
memory
B．stress
the
benefit
of
taking
notes
by
hand
C．explain
the
process
of
taking
notes
D．promote
the
use
of
laptops
4．The
passage
is
likely
to
appear
in________.
A．a
newspaper
advertisement
B．a
computer
textbook
C．a
science
magazine
D．a
finance
report
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。
1．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“Students
are
increasingly
using
laptops
for
note taking
because
of
speed
and
legibility(清晰度)”可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快、记得多。故选A。
2．B　解析：推理判断题。根
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第二段第二句“But
the
research
has
found
laptop
users
are
less
able
to
remember
and
apply
the
concepts
they
have
been
taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选B。
3．B　解析：推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。
4．C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。
二、基础知识梳理
基础知识梳理(知识清单)
一、词汇
1.背诵词汇
▲单词
appreciate
v.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation
n.
欣赏；感激
arrival
n.
到来，抵达；到达者→arrive
v.
到达
conservation
n.
(对自然环境的)保护→conserve
v.
保护
consultant
n.
顾问→consult
v.咨询，充当顾问，请教，翻阅，求教于
consume
v.消耗，耗费，消费→consumption
n.消费
belief
n.
看法，信念→believe
v.相信
economic
adj.
经济的→economy
n.经济
electrical
adj.电的，用电的(指关于电的知识或电的研究内容)→electric
adj.
电的，电动的(指以电为动力进行
工作的<装置>)→electronic
电子的→electricity
n
电
environmental
adj.环境的→environment
n.
环境
illegally
adv.非法地→illegal
adj.违法的，非法的→legal
adj.
(反义词)合法的
impress
v.使印象深刻→impression
n.
印象→impressive
adj.给人印象深刻的
measure
n.措施，方法，尺度
v.
测量；估量，判定→measurable
adj.
可度量的，明显的
→measured
adj.
慎重的，仔细斟酌的→measureless
adj.
无限的，不可估量的
operate
vt.
&
vi.
经营，动手术→operation
n.
手术
production
n.
产量，生产→product
n.产品→produce
v.
生产
responsibility
n.
责任，职责→responsible
adj.负责任的
absorb
vt.
吸收，理解，使全神贯注
arrest
vt.
&
n.
逮捕
clap
vt.
&
vi.
鼓掌，抬手
conflict
vi.
冲突，抵触
n.
冲突，矛盾
debate
n.
&
vi.
辩论，争论，讨论
decrease
vt.&
vi.
减少
n.
减少
drill
vi.
&
vt.
钻(孔)
n.
操练，训练
flood
n.洪水，大量
vt.
&
vi.
泛滥，大量涌入
flow
vi.
流，流动
n.
流动，连贯
fuel
n.
燃料
vt.
&
vi.
提供燃料
pump
vt.
&
vi.
用泵输送，涌出
n.
泵，气筒
queue
vi.
排队等候
n.
队，行列
range
n.
范围
vi.
(在一定范围内)变化
recycle
vt.
&
vi.
回收利用
businessman
n.
商界人员；企业家
credit
n.
赞扬，信用，学分
duty
n.
责任，义务，本分
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
2
goods
n.
商品，货品
greedy
adj
贪婪的，贪心的
quantity
n.
数量
raw
adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的
spokeswoman
n.女发言人
tax
n.
税，税款
willing
adj.
愿意的，乐意的
madam
n.女士，夫人
customs
n.
海关，关税
feather
n.羽毛
climate
n.气候
low-carbon
adj.低碳的
decade
n.
十年
engine
n.
发动机，引擎
plant
n.
工厂，发电厂
▲短语
blame
…
on…将……归咎于……
cause/do
damage
to对……造成危害
clean
up
打扫(或清除)干净
cut
back
on
减少，削减，缩减
do
one’s
part
尽自己的职责
let
off
排放
pick
out
找出，挑选
queue
up
排队等候
result
in
导致
run
out(of)用完，耗尽/use
up
用尽，用完
set
up
创建，建立，开办
take
steps
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
think
of
/see...
as...把……看作……
at
the
same
time
同时
in
particular
尤其，特别
in/with
regard
to
关于
last
but
not
least
最后但同样重要的
under
way
进行中
2.识记词汇
▲单词
blanket
n.
毯子，厚的覆盖层
bush
n.
灌木
crop
n.
庄稼，农作物
fence
n.
栅栏，篱笆，围栏
oxygen
n.
氧气
petrol
n.
汽油
pipe
n.
管子，管道
seafood
n.
海味，海鲜
soil
n.
土壤
satellite
n.
人造卫星
typhoon
n.
台风
vehicle
n.
交通工具，车辆
▲短语
in
use
在使用中
open
the
floor
自由发言
put…
in
danger
把……置于危险中
raw
materials
原材料
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
3
upon
the
arrival
of
spring
春天一来
二、句型
1.it+连系动词
be+表语+that
从句
【教材原句】It
is
clear
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
you
are
very
concerned
about
the
present
situation
of
our
environment.(P23)
很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。
2….+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形
【教材原句】
However,
I
do
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gree
that
we
should
produce
more
things
from
materials
that
have
been
recycled，
and
less
from
raw
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aterials,
the
supply
of
which
is
growing
smaller
and
smaller.(P23)
然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的产品，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料
的供应越来越紧张。
3.What
if
句型及其类似的句型
【教材原句】What
if
they
run
out
(P25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢？
4.
…doubt+从句
【教材原句】There
is
no
doub
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
that
the
world
climate
has
been
changing
in
recent
years.(P39)
毫无疑问，世界气候在近几年发生着变化。
5.
“the
more...the
more...”句型
【教材原句】Therefo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re,
the
more
petrol
and
electricity
we
consume,
the
more
carbon
we
are
letting
off.(P39)
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，燃放的碳就越多。
三、语法
复习本单元的
Grammar
and
usage：现在分词。
一、现在分词的时态和语态
现在分词的构成一般为“动词＋ing”，否定式在分词前加
not。现在分词有(时态)一般式和完成式及(语
态)主动和被动形式的变化。
时态/语态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being
done
一般式的否定式
not
doing
not
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
完成式的否定式
not
having
done
not
having
been
done
注意：如何正确理解现在分词的时态和语态
1.现在分词作定语
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
4
现在分词
与被修饰词的逻辑关系
与谓语动作的时间关系
doing
主动关系
与谓语动作同时进行
being
done
被动关系
与谓语动作同时进行
He
visited
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
people
working(=who
were
working)
on
the
farm.(主动的，进行的)
I
want
to
be
shown
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
around
the
house
being
built
(=which
is
being
built)
now.(被动的，进行的)
2.现在分词作状语
现在分词
与逻辑主语(即句子
的主语)的关系
与谓语动作的时间关系
doing(一般式)作状语
主动关系
(几乎)与谓语动作同时进行
having
done(完成式)
作状语
主动关系
先于谓语动作发生
having
been
done
(完成被动式)作状语
被动关系
先于谓语动作发生
done(过去分词)
作状语
被动关系
已经在过去发生或是
不十分强调时间概念
Waiting
(=When
I
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
waiting)
to
see
the
doctor,
I
met
with
a
friend
of
mine.
Having
(=Because
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we
have)
made
full
preparations,
we
are
sure
to
be
successful.
Having
been
shown
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
around(=After
we
had
been
shown)
the
library,
we
were
then
taken
to
see
the
laboratory.
二、现在分词的句法功能
1．现在分词具有形容词的特征，在句中可充当表语、定语和宾语补足语。
功能
作用
例句
作表语
现在分词作表语说明主语的性质和
特征。
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
The
music
they
are
playing
sounds
exciting.
这消息鼓舞人心。
The
news
is
inspiring.
作定语
现在分词作定语可以放在被修饰的
名词之前，称为前置定语，也可放
在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定
一个睡觉的婴儿
a
sleeping
baby
现在正在建造的那座建筑是一所医院。
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
5
语。现在分词作定语可表示所修饰
的人或物的动作或状态。
The
building
being
built
now
is
a
hospital.
作宾语补足语
现在分词可以在“主语＋谓语＋宾
语＋宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语
补足语。
这种结构如使用被动语态，
现在分词便是主语补足语。
他看见孩子们正在院子里玩儿。
He
saw
the
children
playing
in
the
yard.
有人看见他正在上楼。
He
was
seen
going
upstairs.
2.现在分词(短语)具有副词的特征，在句中可充当状语成分
现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况，一般可以转换成一个相应的状语从
句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或谓语动词动作紧接着分
词发生要用
doing
形式；如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，要用
having
done
形式；如果分词的动
作与主语是被动关系，又表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，则要用
being
done
形式。
注意：独立成分作状语不受上述所讲规则的限制：
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally/frankly
speaking
一般说来/坦白地说
judging
from
根据……来判断
considering...考虑到……
speaking
of
说到；谈及
talking
of
说起
Judging
from
his
face,
he
was
angry.从他的脸色看，他很生气。
Frankly
speaking,
I
don't
agree
with
you.坦白地说，我不同意你的话。
现在分词在句中可以充当的状语有：
(1)时间状语
听到那个好消息的时候，他高兴地跳了起来。
Hearing
the
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od
news(＝When
he
heard
the
good
news),
he
jumped
with
great
joy.
(2)条件状语
努力工作，你会成功的。
Working
hard(＝If
you
work
hard),
you
will
succeed.
(3)原因状语
由于她生病了，所以住院了。
Being
ill(＝Because
she
was
ill),
she
was
in
hospital.
(4)让步状语
虽然失败了很多次，但是他没有失去信心。
Having
failed
ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny
times(＝Though
he
had
failed
many
times)，he
didn't
lose
heart.
(5)结果状语
他的祖父去世了，留给他一大笔钱。
His
grandfather
died,
leaving
him
a
lot
of
money.
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
6
(注意：动词不定式作结果状语表示未曾料到的结果
Hearing
a
scream,
I
rushed
downstairs
only
to
see
my
hostess
lyi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
unconscious
on
the
floor.
听到叫声，我冲到楼下结果发现女主人躺在地板上失去
了知觉。)
(6)方式状语
请用另一种方式回答这个问题。
Please
answer
the
question
using
another
way.
(7)伴随状语，此时现在分词可以转化为一个并列句
Talking
and
laughi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng,
the
children
walked
one
by
one
into
the
classroom.
＝The
children
wal
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked
one
by
one
into
the
classroom
and
they
talked
and
laughed.2018江苏高考英语（译林牛津）一轮复习：模块5U3阅读类练习及答案+知识梳理
一、泛读部分
完形填空。
Many
years
ago,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
when
I
was
a
man
in
my
twenties,
I
worked
as
a
salesman
for
a
piano
company.
We
__1__
our
pian
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )os
all
over
the
state
by
advertising
in
small
town
__2__.
Every
time
we
advertise,
we
would
receive
a
reply
on
a
postcard
which
said,
“Please
__3__
me
a
new
piano
for
my
little
granddaughter.
It
__4__
be
red
mahogany
(红木).
I
can
pay
$10
a
month
with
my
egg
money.”
Of
course,
we
could
not
sell
a(n)
__5__
piano
for
$10
a
month.
__6__
her
cards
kept
on
coming.
A
couple
of
years
la
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter,
I
__7__
my
own
piano
company,
and
when
I
__8__
in
that
area,
the
postcards
started
coming
to
me.
For
months,
I
ignored
(不理睬)
__9__—what
else
could
I
do
But
then,
one
da
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
I
__10__
to
be
in
the
area.
I
had
a
red
mahogany
piano
on
my
little
truck.
Despite
knowing
that
I
was
about
to
__11__
a
terrible
business
decision,
I
managed
to
find
the
old
woman
and
took
the
new
piano
in
her
house
and
placed
it
__12__
I
thought
the
roof
would
be
least
likely
to
rain
on
it.
I
told
her
and
a
little
barefoot
girl
to
try
to
__13__
the
chickens
off
it,
and
I
felt
sure
I
had
just
__14__
a
new
piano.
But
the
__15__
came
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in,
all
52
of
them
as
agreed,
sometimes
with
coins.
It
was
unbelievable!
Then
one
day
I
was
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
Memphis
on
__16__
business.
As
I
was
sitting
at
the
bar
having
a
drink,
I
heard
the
most
beautiful
piano
music
behind
me.
I
looked
__17__，
and
there
was
a
lovely
young
woman
__18__
a
very
nice
ground
piano.
She
smiled
at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me,
asked
for
requests,
and
when
she
took
a
__19__
she
sat
down
at
my
table.
“Aren't
you
the
man
who
sold
my
grandma
a
piano
a
long
time
ago？”
I
suddenly
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emembered.
My
Lord,
it
was
her!
It
was
the
little
barefoot
girl!
I
did
have
to
go
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my
room
because
men
don't
like
to
be
__20__
crying
in
public.
1．A.made
B．sold
C．fixed
D．delivered
答案：B　从下文看，作者是卖钢琴。
2．A.books
B．villages
C．shops
D．newspapers
答案：D　在报纸上做广告，由上文by
advertising得出。
3．A.bring
B．lend
C．take
D．give
答案：A　公司送货上门，所以老太太要求把钢琴带来。
4．A.should
B．may
C．must
D．can
答案：C　老太太语气坚定，要求钢琴必须是红木的。由上文得知。
5．A.old
B．new
C．second hand
D．good
答案：B　作者认为不能这样买一架新钢琴。由下文得知。
6．A.And
B．So
C．Therefore
D．But
答案：D　与上文公司拒绝卖形成转折。老太太的订货卡片不断寄来。
7．A.owned
B．moved
C．bought
D．earned
答案：A　从上下文看，作者拥有了自己的卖钢琴的公司。
8．A.worked
B．progressed
C．advertised
D．succeeded
答案：C　从上文看是作者为自己的公司做广告。
9．A.it
B．them
C．this
D．that
答案：B　此处考查指代，them代替postcards。
10．A.wanted
B．decided
C．started
D．happened
答案：D　此处指作者碰巧来到老太太居住的地区。
11．A.make
B．get
C．do
D．send
答案：A　make与下文的decision搭配，“做决定”，作者认为这是笔糟糕的买卖。
12．A.when
B．there
C．where
D．that
答案：C　where此处引导地点状语从句，作者认为屋顶是最不可能漏雨的地方。
13．A.remain
B．keep
C．leave
D．stay
答案：B　keep与下文off连用，作者嘱咐不要让鸡到钢琴上来。
14．A.given
away
B．put
away
C．done
away
D．thrown
away
答案：D　throw
away“扔掉”，作者看到老太太的贫穷境地，认为肯定收不回钱来，等于扔掉了一架新钢琴。
15．A.payments
B．money
C．possessions
D．counts
答案：A　payments指“付款；支付”，老太太很讲信用，按约定的次数付款。52次付清。
16．A.busy
B．fine
C．other
D．large
答案：C　作者到这个地方是为了别的生意。由常识得出。
17．A.up
B．around
C．forward
D．on
答案：B　look
around“转回头看；到处寻找”，因为音乐从背后传来，所以作者要转身。
18．A.having
B．performing
C．enjoying
D．playing
答案：D　在咖啡厅，自然是弹奏钢琴。
19．A.break
B．bread
C．menu
D．list
答案：A　break此处意思是“暂停；休息”，休息期间，姑娘与作者攀谈。
20．A.struck
B．heard
C．seen
D．laughed
at
答案：C　此时作者感动地要哭，赶紧回到自己的房间，因为男子汉不愿意当众被人看到哭泣。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,
从给的四个选项
(A、B、C和D)
中,
选出最佳选项。
(2013·东北三省三校第二次联考，C)
UGG
boots
have
been
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
winter weather
fashion
for
several
years
now,
combining
function,
comfort,
warmth
and
even
some
style.
What
many
UGG enthusiasts
don't
know
is
that
their
boots
are
a
breeding
ground
for
bacteria
and
cause
foot
problems.
Doctors
believe
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
boots,
which
are
particularly
popular
among
young
teenage
girls,
are
leading
to
a
rise
in
the
number
of
people
suffering
pains
in
their
feet
and
knees.
Dr.
Ian
Drysdale
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
head
of
the
British
College
of
Osteopathic
Medicine,
believes
because
the
foot
does
not
get
the
proper
support
on
the
inside,
it
will
lead
to
more
ankle,
knee,
hip
and
back
problems.
“These
boots
are
not
designed
for
outside
wear.
Just
because
something
becomes
a
trend
or
fashionable
doesn't
mean
it's
good
or
right，”
he
said.
“The
particular
problem
with
this
type
of
footwear
is
that
it
is
unsupported.
It's
a
slipper.
You
wouldn't
normally
expect
to
be
doing
outdoor
activities
from
something
that's
indoor.
If
you
decide
to
wear
your
pajamas
outside
all
the
time,
someone
will
come
up
and
say
it's
not
a
good
idea.”
Dr.
Drysdale
explained
that
the
feet
issues
become
a
particular
problem
among
young
teenage
girls,
whose
bones
are
“plastic”
and
developing
when
they
are
growing.
“If
that
structure
is
developing
in
an
inappropriate
way，”
he
said，“then
the
ultimate
structure
will
be
deformed.”
Mike
O'Neill,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
consultant
surgeon,
said，“As
the
foot
slides
around,
you
get
wear
and
tear
(磨损)
on
the
joints
on
the
inside
of
the
foot.
The
ankle
is
in
the
wrong
position,
the
thigh
bone
also
changes
position,
and
you
get
an
abnormal
movement
in
the
pelvis,
which
leads
to
back
problems.”
UGG
Australia,
wh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
makes
the
designer
version
of
the
boots,
told
The
Daily
Wirror
that
their
boots
are
“comfort”
rather
than
“performance”
footwear
and
consumers
should
be
aware
of
“knockoffs
(仿制品)”
which
lack
reinforced
heels
in
their
boots.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章介绍了雪地靴因它的时尚、舒适、保暖等特性而备受年轻女孩的青睐。但研究人员发现，在它时尚的外观背后，隐藏着一些不为人知的健康隐患。
1．Teenage
girls
pre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fer
to
wear
UGG
boots
because
of
the
following
EXCEPT
________.
A．design
　　B．comfort
C．quality
D．warmth
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“...
combining
function,
comfort,
warmth
and
even
some
style.”可知，A、B、D三项都是年轻女孩喜欢雪地靴的原因。故C项正确。
2．According
to
Dr.
Ian
Drysdale,
________.
A．there
is
a
possibility
that
bacteria
will
multiply
in
UGG
boots
B．wearing
UGG
boots
will
lead
to
more
ankle
and
toe
problems
C．it's
not
a
good
idea
to
wear
boots
like
UGG
outside
all
the
time
D．teenage
girls'
bones
are
plastic
enough
to
wear
UGG
boots
答案：C　细节理解题。根
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第三段中“‘These
boots
are
not
designed
for
outside
wear.
Just
because
something
becomes
a
trend
or
fashionable
doesn't
mean
it's
good
or
right，’
he
said.
‘The
particular
problem
with
this
type
of
footwear
is
that
it
is
unsupported.’”可知，C项正确。
3．The
underlined
word
“deformed”
is
closest
in
meaning
to
________.
A．shaped
B．strengthened
C．reformed
D．damaged
答案：D　词义猜测题。由语境可知，年轻女孩子
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的骨头正在发育，具有一定的可塑性。如果骨骼结构以一种不合适的方式发育的话，骨骼就会损伤，发生变形。shaped合适的，有计划的；strengthened使加强的；reformed革新的；damaged损伤的，毁坏的。此处与倒数第二段中“back
problems”相照应。故D项正确。
4．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text
A．Potential
Harm
of
UGG
Boots
B．The
Popularity
of
UGG
Boots
C．The
Unique
Design
of
UGG
Boots
D．Benefits
of
UGG
Boots
答案：A　标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了雪地靴对年轻女孩生长发育过程中所造成的潜在危害。故A项正确。
二、基础知识梳理
基础知识梳理(知识清单)
一、词汇
1.背诵词汇
▲单词
accurate
adj.准确的，精确的→accurately
adj.
准确地，精确地
actual
adj.
真实的，实际的→actually
adv.
真实地，实际地
adopt
vt.收养，领养，采纳，采用→adopted
adj.收养的→adoption
n.
收养，采取
→adoptive
adj.
收养的，有收养关系的
agriculture
n.
农业→agricultural
adj.农业的
anxiety
n.
忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious
adj.
焦虑的，渴望的→anxiously
adv.
焦虑地
conduct
vt.
实施，指挥乐队→conductor
n.
售票员，(电)导体，(乐队)指挥
consequence
n.
结果，后果，重要性，重大意义→consequent
adj.必然的，因……结果而起的
→consequently
adv.因此，结果，必然地
consideration
n.仔细考虑，必须考虑的因素，体谅，顾及→consider
v.考虑，认为
→considering
prep.鉴于，考虑到
crime
n.
罪，罪行→criminal
n.
罪犯，犯人
adj.
犯罪的，刑事的，可耻的
exact
adj.精确的，准确的→exactly
adv.
精确地，准确地
frighten
v.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening
adj.
令人害怕的→frightened
adj.
(人)感到害怕的
→fright
n.
恐怖，惊吓
hunger
n.饥饿，饥荒→hungry
adj.
饥饿的
brief
adj.
短暂的，简洁的→briefly
adv.
短暂地，简洁地
intention
n.意图，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打算→intend
v.
打算→intentional
adj.
有意的→intentionally
adv.
有意地
judgment
n.判断力，看法，评价，(法律)判决→judge
v.
判断
original
adj.原来的，起初的，首创的，非复制的→origin
n.
起源，出身，来历
permission
n.准许，许可，批准→permit
v.允许
n.许可证
relation
n.关系，亲戚→relate
adj.使……有联系，与……有某种联系
reliable
adj.
可信赖的，可依靠的→reliability
n.可靠→rely
v.
依靠，依赖
tasty
adj.美味的，可口的→taste
v.
品尝
transform
vt.
使改观，使变形→transformation
n.变化，转换，转换，变换
clone
vt.
克隆
n.克隆出来的动物或植物
confirm
vt.
&
vi.
证实，证明，确认，使确信
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
2
harvest
vt.
&
vi.
收割（庄稼）n.
收获，收成
insert
vt.
插入，嵌入
modify
vt.
调整，修改，修饰
profit
n.
利润，收益
vt.
&
vi.
获益，对……有用
breakthrough
n.
突破
catastrophe
n.
灾难，灾祸
cell
n.
细胞，小隔间，电池
chain
n.
一系列，一连串(人或事)
channel
n.
频道，渠道，航道
concept
n.
概念，观念
fellow
n.
家伙，同事，同伴，男子
income
n.
收入，收益
legal
adj.
法律许可的，合法的
majority
n.
多数，大多数
nutrition
n.
营养
ordinary
adj.
普通的，一般的
physician
n.
医师，内科医生
profession
n.
职业，行业
real-life
adj.
真实的，现实生活中的
summary
n.
总结，概括，概要
▲短语
be
anxious
to
do
sth.急于做某事
be
limited
to
局限于
be/get
burnt
out
耗尽体力，累垮
comment
on
对……作出评论
compared
with
与……相比较
concentrate
on
集中精力于，全神贯注于
deal
with
处理，对付
follow
in
one’s
footsteps
效仿某人
open
up
打开，开发
point
out
指出
push
ahead
with
义无反顾地进行，努力推进
put...in
place
准备就绪，布置妥当
show
respect
for
对……表示敬意
take...into
consideration
认真考虑
toy
with
戏弄，摆弄，把……当作儿戏
as
to
至于，关于
for
sale
供出售，待销售
in
agreement
with
同意，与……一致
in
favour
of
赞同，支持
in
summary
总之，总的来说
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...一方面……另一方面……
point
of
view
观点
rather
than
而不是
with
the
intention
of
带着……目的
2.识记词汇
▲单词
acre
n.英亩
goat
n.山羊
pest
n.害虫
radiation
n.辐射，放射线
rainforest
n.雨林
saleswoman
n.女售货员，女推销员
▲短语
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
3
conduct
a
survey
进行一次调查
genetically
modified
转基因的
meet
one’s
needs
满足某人的需求
on
a
personal
note
就我个人而言
public
relation
n.公共关系
二、句型
1.as
well
as
句型
【教材原句】In
China,
scie
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntists
have
focused
their
efforts
on
cloning
animals,
as
well
as
cloned
tissues
to
be
used
in
medical
treatment.
(P42)在中国，
科学家们除了致力于用于医疗方面的器官的克隆还致力于动
物的克隆。
2.“主语+be+形容词+(for
sb.)+不定式”句型
【教材原句】Therefore,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
we
cannot
confirm
that
food
from
cloned
animals
is
really
safe
for
humans
to
eat.(P57)
所以，我们不能确定从克隆动物身上得来的食物人吃起来是否真的安全。
3.否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用
【教材原句】Nowhere
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
this
truer
than
with
genetically
modified
food.
(P59)转基因食品就是最好的例子。
三、语法
复习本单元的
Grammar
and
usage：过去分词。
一、概述
过去分词是非谓语动词形式的一种，它既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征，其基本形式是
v.
＋ed，可以有宾语和状语，即过去分词短语。
及物动词的过去分词形式表示被动或既表被动又表完成，不及物动词的过去分词形式只表示完成。过
去分词在句中可作定语、表语、补语和状语。
二、过去分词的句法功能
1.过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词在句中作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前。过去分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的
名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
The
injured
workers
are
now
being
taken
good
care
of
in
the
hospital.
受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。
Who
were
the
guest
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
invited(＝that
had
been
invited)to
your
party
last
night
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？
2.过去分词作表语
过去分词在句中作表语多表示主语所处的状态或是主语的心理，这时过去分词有些已经转化成了形容
词。
The
door
remained
locked.门仍然锁着。
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
4
Everyone
got
excited
at
the
news.听到这个消息每个人都感到兴奋。
Don’t
touch
the
glass
because
it
is
broken.不要碰那个杯子因为它是破的。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语
作宾补的过去分词一般来自及物动词和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。通常用在感官动词和使役动词(see,
hear,
notice,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )watch,
keep,
find,
get,
have,
feel
等)宾语之后，以及
with
的复合结构中。
We
can
hear
the
windo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws
beaten
by
the
heavy
rain
drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
I
raised
my
voice
to
make
myself
heard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。
With
many
brig
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )htly-coloured
flowers
planted
around
the
building,
his
house
looks
like
a
beautiful
garden.
周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
4.过去分词作状语
过去分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，它是
逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词
when
或
while
来强调时间概念。
Seen
from
the
moon,
the
earth
looks
green.从月亮上看，地球是绿色的。
(2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Satisfied
with
what
he
did,
the
teacher
praised
him
in
class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Compared
with
you,
I
still
have
a
long
way
to
go.跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。
(4)表让步，相当于一个
though/although
引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed
at
by
many
people,
he
continued
his
study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
(5)表方式或伴随情况。
The
old
man
wen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
into
the
room,
supported
by
his
wife.那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
(6)表结果
The
cup
fell
down
to
the
ground,
broken.茶杯掉到了地上，破了。
三、由分词转化而来的形容词
分词转化而来的形容词包括现在分词转化而来的形容词和过去分词转化而来的形容词，即
v.-ing
形容
词和
v.-ed
形容词。
1.v.-ing
形容词一般具有主动意义，表示“起某种作用”，多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征以及给别人
的感觉。
The
story
they
hea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd
over
the
radio
was
very
moving.他们从收音机里听到的这个故事很感人。
2.v.-ed
形容词一般具有被动意义，表示“受某种影响”，多用于形容人自然的感觉。
He
was
frightened
at
the
sound.听到那声音，他吓坏了。
四、非谓语动词作各种成分的区别
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
5
(一)非谓语作表语的区别
1.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语
“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
Our
plan
is
to
keep
the
affair
secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
Their
job
is
making
wheelchairs
for
disabled
people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。
The
music
they
are
playing
sounds
exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
This
beautiful
vi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llage
remains
unknown
to
the
rest
of
the
world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。
2.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在
分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。
This
dog
is
frightening.这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)
This
dog
is
frightened.这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的心理状态)
Climbing
is
tiring
an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
we
are
completely
tired
after
a
day’s
climbing.
爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。(tiring
说明
climbing
的特征，tired
说明我们的状态)
(二)非谓语动词作定语的区别
理解下表中所列的关系
分类
形式
与被修饰词的逻辑关系
与谓语动作的时间关系
不定式
to
do
动宾关系
在谓语动作后发生
“the
last/next/first...”
后常接不定式作
定语，表示主谓关系
在谓语动作前或者后发生
to
be
done
被动关系
在谓语动作后发生
现在
分词
doing
主动关系
与谓语动作同时进行
being
done
被动关系
与谓语动作同时进行
过去
分词
done
被动关系
在谓语动作之前发生
存在的状态或情况
It
is
a
good
chance
to
practice
your
spoken
English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。
He
was
the
last
one
to
leave
the
office.他是最后一个离开办公室的。
The
woman
standin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
over
there
is
our
English
teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。
The
house
to
be
bui
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt
(=which
will
be
built/which
is
to
be
built)
next
year
will
be
our
new
library.(将要建的)
The
house
being
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )built
(=which
is
being
built)
now
will
be
our
new
library.(正在建的)
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
6
The
house
built
(=
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which
was
built)
last
year
is
our
new
library
now.(已经建成的)
I
like
reading
books
written
by
Lu
Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。
(三)非谓语作状语的区别
理解下表中所列的关系
非谓语
与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系
与谓语动作的时间关系
doing(一般式)作状语
主动关系
(几乎)与谓语动作同时进行
having
done(完成式)
作状语
主动关系
先于谓语动作发生
having
been
done(完成被动
式)作状语
被动关系
先于谓语动作发生
done(过去分词)作状语
被动关系
已经在过去发生或是
不十分强调时间概念
Waiting
(=Whe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
I
was
waiting)to
see
the
doctor,
I
met
with
a
friend
of
mine.
Having
(=Because
we
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve)made
full
preparations,
we
are
sure
to
be
successful.
Having
been
shown
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )round(=After
we
had
been
shown)the
library,
we
were
then
taken
to
see
the
laboratory.
Seen
(=When
the
town
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
seen)from
the
hill,
the
town
looks
more
beautiful.
Locked
(=When
he
was
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ocked)up
in
the
room,
he
found
himself
isolated
from
the
outer
world.2018江苏高考英语（译林牛津）一轮复习：模块5U1阅读类练习及答案+知识梳理
一、泛读部分
完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[夹叙夹议型完形填空]
On
a
trip
to
Califor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nia,
my
family
stopped
for
lunch.
As
we
walked
towards
the
entrance
to
the
restaurant,
a
man,
with
a
__1__
beard
and
dirty
hair,
jumped
up
from
a
bench
outside
the
restaurant
and
opened
the
door
for
us.Regardless
of
his
__2__，
he
greeted
us
in
a
friendly
way.
Once
inside,
my
daugh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ters
whispered,
“Mum,
he
__3__．”
After
we
ordered
our
lunch,
I
explained,
telling
the
kids
to
look
__4__
the
dirt.
We
then
watched
other
customers
approach
the
restaurant
but
many
__5__
him.
Seeing
this
rudeness
truly
upset
me.
The
day
I
became
a
mother,
I
had
determined
to
set
a
good
__6__
to
my
children.
Yet
sometimes
when
things
didn't
go
right,
being
a
good
example
was
__7__.
When
our
meal
arrived,
I
realized
I
had
left
the
car sick
pills
in
the
truck.With
the
winding
trip
ahead,
the
kids
needed
them,
so
I
__8__
myself
from
the
meal
and
went
to
get
them.
Just
then,
the
“doorm
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an”
was
opening
the
door
for
a
couple.
They
rushed
past
him
without
even
acknowledging
his
__9__.
Letting
them
in
first,
I
said
a
loud
“thank
you”
to
him
as
I
__10__．
When
I
return
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed,
we
talked
a
bit.
He
said
he
was
not
allowed
inside
__11__
he
purchased
food.
I
went
back
and
told
my
family
his
__12__.
Then
I
asked
our
waitress
to
add
one
soup
and
sandwich.
The
kids
looked
__13__
as
we
had
already
eaten,
but
when
I
said
the
order
was
for
the
“doorman”，
they
smiled.
When
it
was
time
to
__14__
our
trip,
I
found
the
“doorman”
enjoying
his
meal.
Upon
seeing
me,
he
stood
up
and
thanked
me
heartily.
He
then
__15__
out
his
hand
for
a
handshake
and
I
gratefully
accepted.
I
suddenly
__16__
the
tears
in
his
eyes—tears
of
gratitude
(感激)．What
happened
next
drew
great
astonishment:
I
gave
the
“doorman”
a
__17__.
He
pulled
away,
with
tears
__18__
down
his
face.
Back
in
the
truck,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
fell
into
deep
thought.While
we
can't
choose
many
things
in
life,
we
can
choose
when
to
show
gratitude.I
said
thanks
to
a
man
who
had
__19__
held
open
a
door
for
me,
and
also
said
thanks
for
that
__20__
to
teach
my
children
by
example.
1．A.clean
B．messy
C．pretty
D．bright
2．A.service
B．appearance
C．state
D．attitude
3．A.smokes
B．smiles
C．sighs
D．smells
4．A.beyond
B．over
C．around
D．into
5．A.hated
B．ignored
C．missed
D．refused
6．A.target
B．rule
C．record
D．example
7．A.stressful
B．accessible
C．awkward
D．tough
8．A.excused
B．refreshed
C．prevented
D．forgave
9．A.company
B．presence
C．challenge
D．attack
10．A.quitted
B．marched
C．exited
D．approached
11．A.before
B．unless
C．though
D．since
12．A.story
B．deed
C．experience
D．demand
13．A.concerned
B．excited
C．puzzled
D．bored
14．A.make
B．start
C．take
D．continue
15．A.reached
B．washed
C．raised
D．waved
16．A.watched
B．inspected
C．witnessed
D．noticed
17．A.hug
B．nod
C．lift
D．strike
18．A.slipping
B．rolling
C．rushing
D．breaking
19．A.firmly
B．constantly
C．simply
D．quickly
20．A.journey
B．wisdom
C．opportunity
D．community
(一)
【要点综述】作者以友善的态度真诚地
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对待一个外表很脏但为她开门的男人，并为他提供了一份食物和一个拥抱，由此感动了对方。文章告诉我们，尽管生活中有很多东西无法亲自选择，但是我们可以选择什么时候去表达感谢。
1．B　通过后面and可知，只有messy合适，意为“杂乱的”。
2．B　appearance“外表”，上文描写的是男人的外表，故选B。
3．D　smell意为“味道难闻”，根据语境可以选出答案。
4．A　beyond意为“在……范围外”。通过上下文可知，孩子的母亲不想让孩子以貌取人，而应该关注外表以外的东西，所以选beyond。
5．B　ignore“故意忽视不理睬”，通过前后文可知，当人们进入饭店的时候，许多人都无视这个外表很脏的男人。
6．D　example“榜样”，下文有直接对应，且set
an
example也为常用搭配。
7．D　tough困难的；stre
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssful紧张的，压力重的；accessible可靠近的，可进入的；awkward尴尬的，笨拙的，别扭的。
8．A　因为路途曲折，孩子们需要晕车药，所以作者需要去车里取药给孩子吃，所以选A。
9．B　正在这时，这个男人为一对夫妇开门，这
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对夫妇快速从他身旁走过甚至都没有承认他的存在，即无视他的存在，正好与上文呼应，表明人们看都不愿意看这个男人，更不用说是礼貌友好地待他了。
10．C　让那对夫妇先进来，然后作者向外走的时候对那个男人大声地说了声“谢谢”。
11．B　男人说饭店不允许他进入，除非他买食物。
12．A　“我”回来把那个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )男人的事情告诉了家人。deed和demand显然不对，而experience一般指过去的经历，故也不合适。故选择story。
13．C　因为家人不知道作者为什么在他们吃饱了的情况下又加了一份汤和三明治，所以选puzzled
“迷惑不解”。
14．D　take
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trip、make
a
trip意为“旅行，外出”，start
a
trip意为“开始旅行”，因为文章开头明确说明作者和家人是在去往加利福尼亚的trip中停下来吃午饭，所以再次上路，应该选D“继续”。
15．A　他伸出手和“我”握手，“我”感激地接受了。reach
out
意为“伸出”。
16．D　notice留心，注意到。
17．A　接下来发生的事情更让人惊讶，“我”给了那个男人一个拥抱。
18．B　rolling表示眼泪不停地流下来，很形象。
19．C　“我”对一个男人表达了感谢，仅仅就是因为他为“我”开门，并且“我”也感谢这个机会，因为它让“我”以身作则教育了“我”的孩子。
20．C　作者感谢这件事情，因为这是一个教育孩子的好机会。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,
从给的四个选项
(A、B、C和D)
中,
选出最佳选项。
(2013·苏锡常镇四市二调，C)
Global
Positioning
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Systems
are
now
a
part
of
everyday
driving
in
many
countries.
These
satellite based
systems
provide
turn by turn
directions
to
help
people
get
to
where
they
want
to
go.
But
they
can
also
cause
a
lot
of
problems,
sending
you
to
the
wrong
place
or
leave
you
completely
lost.
Many
times,
the
driver
is
to
blame.
Sometimes
a
GPS
error
is
responsible.
Most
often,
says
Barry
Brown,
it
is
a
combination
of
the
two.
Barry
Brown
is
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
Mobile
Life
Centre
in
Stockholm,
Sweden.
The
center
studies
human computer
interaction,
or
HCI,
especially
communications
involving
wireless
devices.
We
spoke
to
Mr
Brown
by
Skype.
He
told
us
about
an
incident
involving
a
friend
who
had
flown
to
an
airport
in
the
eastern
United
States.
There
he
borrowed
a
GPS equipped
car
to
use
during
his
stay.
Barry
Brown：“And
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )they
just
plugged
in
an
address
and
then
set
off
to
their
destination.”
And,
then
it
wasn't
until
they
were
driving
for
thirty
minutes
that
they
realized
they
had
put
in
a
destination
back
on
the
West
Coast
where
they
lived.
They
actually
put
their
home
address
in.
So
again,
the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．
Mr
Brown
says
this
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
a
common
human
error.
But,
he
says,
what
makes
the
problem
worse
has
to
do
with
some
of
the
shortcomings,
or
failures,
of
GPS
equipment.
Barry
Brown：“One
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblem
with
many
GPS
units
is
they
have
a
very
small
screen
and
they
just
tell
you
the
next
turn.
Because
they
just
give
you
the
next
turn,
sometimes
that
means
that
it
is
not
really
giving
you
the
overview
that
you
would
need
to
know
that
it's
going
to
the
wrong
place.”
Barry
Brown
formerl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
served
as
a
professor
with
the
University
of
California,
San
Diego.
While
there,
he
worked
on
a
project
with
Eric
Laurier
from
the
University
of
Edinburgh.
The
two
men
studied
the
effects
of
GPS
devices
on
driving
by
placing
cameras
in
people's
cars.
They
wrote
a
paper
based
on
their
research.
It
is
called
“The
Normal,
Natural
Troubles
of
Driving
with
GPS.”
Barry
Brown:
“O
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne
of
the
things
that
struck
us,
perhaps
the
most
important
thing
was
that
you
have
to
know
what
you're
doing
when
you
use
a
GPS.
There
are
these
new
skills
that
people
have
developed.
There
are
these
new
competencies
that
you
need
to
have
to
be
able
to
use
a
GPS
because
they
sometimes
go
wrong.”
Barry
Brown
says
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
goes
against
a
common
belief
that
GPS
systems
are
for
passive
drivers
who
lack
navigational
(导航)
skills.
“The
Normal,
Natural
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Troubles
of
Driving
with
GPS”
lists
several
areas
where
GPS
systems
can
cause
confusion
for
drivers.
These
include
maps
that
are
outdated,
incorrect
or
difficult
to
understand.
They
also
include
timing
issues
related
to
when
GPS
commands
are
given.
Barry
Brown
sa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys
to
make
GPS
systems
better
we
need
a
better
understanding
of
how
drivers,
passengers
and
GPS
systems
work
together.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。
1．What
is
the
best
title
for
this
passage
A．Is
GPS
system
reliable
to
use
B．What
is
the
use
of
GPS
C．How
to
make
the
most
of
GPS
D．Blame!
GPS
or
Passengers
答案：A　标题概括题。文章第一段是全文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。
2．What
is
the
implication
of
the
underlined
part
A．GPS
is
just
a
garbage
device.
B．GPS
will
not
correct
human
errors.
C．GPS
adjusts
your
wrong
destination.
D．GPS
is
just
as
smart
as
human
beings.
答案：B　句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Mr
Brown
says
this
is
a
common
human
error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。
3．Which
is
NOT
mentioned
as
a
GPS
shortcoming
in
the
passage
A．Small
screen.
B．Timing
of
commands.
C．Outdated
maps.
D．Dear
cameras
GPS
uses.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。
4．According
to
the
passage,
people
commonly
believe
that
________.
A．you
have
to
know
where
to
go
when
using
GPS
B．you
need
to
have
new
competencies
to
use
GPS
well
C．GPS
is
proper
for
drivers
with
little
sense
of
direction
D．GPS
is
fit
for
people
having
good
understanding
of
maps
答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。
二、基础知识梳理
基础知识梳理(知识清单)
一、词汇
1.背诵词汇
▲单词
admit
vt.
&
vi.
承认，允许进入，接纳→admission
n.接纳，准许入学/会，承认
amusement
n.
娱乐，消遣→amuse
v．给……提供娱乐→
amused
adj.被逗乐的
→amusing
adj.有趣的，逗笑的
apologize
v.道歉→apology
n．道歉
argue
vi.
争吵，争论→argument
n.
争吵，争论
cheerful
adj.愉快的，高兴的，令人愉快的→cheer
n．愉快，欢呼
v.(为某人)打气，(对……)欢呼
cruel
adj.伤人的，残酷的，残忍的→cruelty
n．残酷，野蛮，残酷的行为
disagreement
n.
分歧，争论，意见不→agreement
n．(反义词)同意，一致，协议→disagree
v.不同意
guilty
adj.内疚的，有罪的→guilt
n．罪行，内疚
hopeless
adj.没有好转希望的，无望的→hopeful
adj.
有希望的，有望的→hope
v.希望
horrible
adj.极坏的，糟糕的，恐怖的，令人震惊的→horrify
v.
使恐怖
mercy
n.宽恕，仁慈→merciful
adj.
宽恕的，仁慈的
revision
n.复习，修订，修改→review
v.复习
security
n.平安，安全，安全措施→secure
adj.安全的，有把握的，稳固的，坚固的
vt.获得，使安全
sensitive
adj.敏感的，体贴的→sense
v.意识到，感觉
n.
感觉，意识
truly
adv.
真诚地。诚恳地，衷心地→true
adj.
anchor
vt.
找根于，下锚，使固定，n.
锚
beg
vt.
&
vi.
恳求，乞讨
betray
vt.
出卖，背叛
blame
vt.
责备，指责
n.
(坏事或错事的)责任，责备
dislike
vt.
不喜欢，厌恶
envy
vt.
&
n.
羡慕，忌妒
focus
vi.
&
vt.集中注意力于……
n.焦点，重点
forgive
(forgave,
forgiven)
vt.
原谅，宽恕
quarrel
n.
&
vi.
争吵，争执
remark
n.
&
vi.
评论，谈论
overcome
(overcame,
overcome)
vt.
克服
pause
vi.
&
n.
停顿，暂停
pretend
vi.
&
vt.
假装
respond
vi.
作出反应，反应
swear
(swore,
sworn)
vt.
&
vi.
发誓，咒骂
absurd
adj.
荒唐的，怪诞的
acquaintance
n.
泛泛之交，熟人，(与某人)认识
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
2
awkward
adj.
令人尴尬的，笨拙的
attitude
n.
态度，看法
cautious
adj.
小心的，谨慎的
committed
adj.
尽心尽力的，坚定的
eager
adj.热切的，急不可待的
gifted
adj.
有天赋的，有天才的
identity
n.
身份
manner
n.
方式，态度，举止
sincerely
adv.
真诚地
worldwide
adv.
&
adj.
全世界(的)
▲短语
accuse
sb.
of
sth.指责某人做了某事
be
based
on
以……为根据，以……为基础
be
cautious
about
对……小心
be/feel
ashamed
of
…对……感到惭愧
be
determined
to
do
下定决心去做某事
be
proud
of/take
pride
in
以……为自豪
can’t
help
doing
sth.情不自禁做某事
end
up(with)最后成为，最终处于，(以……为结束)
get
along
with
与某人相处
get
through(用电话)接通
feel
like
doing
想要做……
look
back
on
回顾、回忆
make
friends
with
sb.与……交朋友
keep
one’s
word
信守诺言
keep
pace
with(与……)步调一致
rely
on
依靠，依赖
share
with
与……分享
spy
on
暗中监视，窥探
stare
at
盯着看
as
a
result
of
由于
before
long
不久，很快
in
advance
提前，预先
regardless
of
不管，不顾
thanks
to
幸亏，由于
2.识记词汇
▲单词
athletic
adj.擅长运动的，健壮的→athlete
n．运动员，运动选手
adolescent
adj.青春期的
n.青少年
algebra
n.
代数
apartment
n.
公寓
arithmetic
算术
childhood
n.
童年，幼年
circus
n.
马戏表演，马戏团
Easter
复活节
quiz
n.
小测验
mailbox
n.
邮箱
online
adv.
&
adj.
在线的
topic
n.话题
trolleybus
n.无轨电车
superb
adj.
极佳的，卓越的
washroom
n.
洗手间，厕所
▲短语
汇聚名校名师，奉献精品资源，打造不一样的教育！
3
in
conclusion
总之
in
one’s
opinion
在某人看来
二、句型
1.否定转移的句型
【教材原句】I
don’t
think
I
can
ever
truly
forgive
her.(P2)我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。
2.can’t
help
doing
及其衍生的句型
【教材原句】Yesterday,
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
saw
him
talking
to
another
boy,
Peter,
and
I
cannot
help
wondering
if
he
wants
Peter
to
be
his
best
friend
instead
of
me.
(P3)昨天，我看到他跟另外一名叫彼得的男生在说话，我禁不住
在想，他是不是希望彼得取代我成为他最好的朋友呢。
3.would
rather...than...句型
【教材原句】You
know
I
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld
rather
visit
the
dentist
than
study
algebra
and
arithmetic!
(P9)
你知道我宁愿看牙医也不愿学习代数和算术！
三、语法
复习本单元的
Grammar
and
usage：动词不定式和动名词。
动词不定式
一、不定式的基本形式和结构
非谓语
时态
语态
复合结构
否定式
主动
被动
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
或
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
在“to”前加
not
或
never
进行式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
完成式
to
be
doing
/
完成
进行式
to
have
been
doing
/
注一：时态反映的是动词不定式与句子谓语所发生时间先后的关系；
He
is
said
to
go
abroad
for
further
study
next
year.据说他明年要出国留学。
He
is
said
to
have
gong
abroad
for
further
study.据说他已经出国留学去了。
He
pretended
to
be
reading
when
his
mother
came
in.妈妈进来时，他假装在读书。
语态反映的是动词不定式与句子主语或是其修饰的词或是其逻辑主语之间的关系。
He
said
he
was
glad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
have
been
invited
here
for
a
visit.他说被邀请到这儿来访问很高兴。
He
refused
to
be
sent
there.他拒绝被派往那儿。
注二：两种复合结构的用法：
1.形容词+for
+名词或代词+动词不定式
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4
形容词通常表示事物的性质
It
is
necessary
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
you
to
finish
the
work
before
Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
His
idea
is
for
us
to
travel
in
different
cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
2.形容词+of+名词或代词+动词不定式
形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征
How
careless
it
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
him
to
break
such
a
valuable
vase!他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。
It’s
brave
of
you
to
go
into
the
burning
building
to
save
the
baby!
你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
二、不定式的句法功能
功能
用法
例句
作主语
动词不定式可以起名词的作
用，
这时谓语动词常用单数形
式，当不定式较长时，往往用
it
代替不定式作形式主语。
遵守法律是每个人的职责。
To
obey
the
laws
is
everybody’s
duty.
眼见为实。To
see
is
to
believe.
在山区开车很困难。
It’s
very
difficult
to
drive
in
the
mountains.
作表语
动词不定式作表语表示主语
的职业、职责或性质等。
这项计划旨在促进两国之间的了解。
The
plan
is
to
promote
the
understanding
between
the
two
countries.
作宾语
动词不定式可以充当部分及
物动词(短语)或介词的宾语，
常
放
在
动
词
afford,
agree,
apply,
ask,
arrange,
choose,
decide,
fail,
forget,
hate,
help,
hope,
intend,
promise,
start,
want,
wish
等后面作宾语。
我希望很快见到你。I
hope
to
see
you
soon.
我决定这周日去购物。
I
decide
to
go
shopping
this
Sunday.
我向她挥手，但没引起她的注意。
I
waved
to
her
but
failed
to
attract
her
attention.
他除了等待，别无选择。
He
had
no
choice
but
to
wait.
作定语
动词不定式作定语时，
需放在
其修饰的名词或代词之后，
通
常与其所修饰的名词或代词
之间存在着一定的逻辑关系。
他是一个很好共事的人。
He
is
a
pleasant
fellow
to
work
with.
没有什么可担心的。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
他总是第一个回答问题的人。
He
is
always
the
first
to
answer
the
questions.
作宾语
补足语
动词不定式可在句中充当宾
语补足语，
而且常作下列动词
许多父母都允许他们的孩子自己做决定。
Many
parents
allow
their
children
to
make
their
own
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5
的宾语补足语：ask,
request,
tell,
invite,
force,
get,
cause,
wish,
prefer,
want,
expect,
encourage,
advise,
persuade,
allow
等。
decisions.
我从没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
I
never
expected
the
shoes
to
be
worn
out
so
soon.
作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目
的、结果或原因。
在此项目中与你们合作，我们将非常高兴。
We’ll
be
very
happy
to
co operate
with
you
in
the
project.
作插入语
常用插入语：to
tell
you
the
truth,
to
make
things
worse,
to
be
brief,
to
be
frank,
to
be
sure
等。
说实语，你儿子在入学考试中失败了。
To
tell
you
the
truth
，
your
son
failed
in
the
entrance
examinations.
当然，我们能做好这件事。
To
be
sure,
we
can
do
it
well.
三、不定式的省略
用法
例句
为了避免重复，
在
hope,
wish,
want,
like,
love,
plan,
need,
mean,
forget
等词后出现与前面相同的不定
式时，常保留不定式符号
to，而把其他部分省略；
但不定式的完成式中的
have
和一般式中的
to
be
不可省略。
中国再也不是它过去的样子。
China
is
no
longer
what
it
used
to
be.
我去了那儿，因为我想去。
I
went
there，because
I
wanted
to.
在使役动词
let,
make,
have
和感官动词(词组)feel,
see,
watch,
notice,
hear,
listen
to
后面作宾语补足语
时，
不定式符号
to
要省略，
但当变成被动语态时，
不定式符号
to
要加上。
这位老师经常让他的学生在课堂上大声朗读。
The
teacher
often
has
his
students
read
aloud
in
class.
他被迫一天工作十二个多小时。
He
was
made
to
work
more
than
twelve
hours
a
day.
当两个不定式由
and,
or,
except,
but,
than,
rather
than
等连接时，
通常第二个不定式符号
to
要省略。
我决定打电话，不写信了。
I
am
determined
to
ring
rather
than
write.
除了到地里去干活，什么事他都做。
He
will
do
anything
but
work
in
the
fields.
动名词
一、动名词的基本形式和结构
非谓语
时态
语态
复合结构
否定式
动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
sb.或
sb’s
doing
作主语要用
sb’s
doing
在前加
not
特别注意复合结构
的否定式：
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
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6
sb’s
not
doing
sb’s
not
having
done
注一：时态反映的是动名词与句子谓语所发生时间先后的关系；
We
don’t
allow
smoking
here.
我们不允许在这儿抽烟。
He
was
praised
for
having
saved
a
boy
from
the
river.
他因为从河里救起了一个男孩而受到了表扬。
语态反映的是动名词与句子主语或是其修饰的词或是其逻辑主语之间的关系。
His
son’s
having
been
punished
by
the
teacher
made
him
very
angry.
儿子受到了老师的惩罚使他很生气。
注二：复合结构的用法：
当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物
主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾
格”表示。
Helen’s/Her
being
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bsent
made
the
teacher
very
angry.
海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。
They
insisted
on
my/me
speaking
at
the
meeting.
他们坚持要我在会上发言。
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
用法
例句
作主语
动名词可以作主语，
这时谓语
动词常用单数形式。
阅读对于学英语是很重要的。
Reading
is
important
for
learning
English.
作表语
动名词作表语常表示主语的
内容。
那个工人的工作是清洁房间。
The
worker’s
work
is
cleaning
the
room.
作宾语
动名词可作动词的宾语，
也可
作
介
词
的
宾
语
。
常
放
在
suggest,
advise,
consider,
admit,
allow,
appreciate,
enjoy,
finish,
risk,
escape,
practise,
resist,
quit,
miss,
pardon,
forbid,
delay,
imagine,
avoid
等
动词后。
他建议试一试。
He
suggested
having
a
try.
他考虑做个新的决定。
He
considered
making
a
new
decision.
我什么都不想吃。
I
don’t
feel
like
eating
anything.
我期待收到他的信。
I’m
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
him.
作定语
动名词作定语表示物体的性
质或用途。
我给父母买了一台洗衣机。
I
bought
a
washing
machine
for
my
parents.
三、动名词与不定式作动词宾语时的区别
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7
1.一般来说，不定式表示一次的、具体的动作；动名词表示长期的、经常的行为。
我喜欢游泳但我今天不想游泳。
I
like
swimming
but
I
don’t
like
to
swim
today.
2.跟在动词
continue，start，begin
后。
continue，start
与
begin
后接不定式或动名词没有区别，但在下列三种情况下常接不定式，不接动名词。
①当
begin/start
的主语是无生命之物时。
天开始下雨了。
It
begins
to
rain.
②当
begin/start
用于进行时。
他正开始学英语。
He
is
beginning
to
study
English.
③当
begin/start
的后面接的是不能用于进行时的动词，如：know，understand，believe
等时。
我开始相信他的故事。
I
began
to
believe
his
story.
3.在
would
like,
would
love,
would
prefer
等后面，通常用动词不定式。
我很想天天见到你。
I
would
love
to
see
you
every
day.
4.forget,
reme
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber,
regret,
mean,
try,
stop,
go
on
等动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时含义不同。
当他离开时忘了关门。He
forgot
to
close
the
door
when
he
left.
我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌。I
will
never
forget
winning
my
first
gold
medal.
我抱歉地告诉你，你被解雇了。I
regret
to
tell
you
that
you
are
fired.
我后悔告诉了他真相。I
regret
telling
him
the
truth.
他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。He
tried
to
prove
that
his
idea
was
practical.
你应该试试吃一些水果。You
should
try
eating
some
fruit.
5.跟在
need，want，require
后。
“sth.
need(s)/want(s)/require(s)＋doing/to
be
done”都表示“某物/事需要被做……”。
自行车需要被修理一下。The
bike
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
房子需要被清扫一下。The
house
requires
cleaning/to
be
cleaned.