5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学生能够理解过去分词做定语和表语的用法。
★自学导航：
1. 翻译下面课文中语句，并指出划线部分是过去分词做定语还是做表语。
1). But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2). Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
3). From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
4). He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove...
5). He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
★上课流程：
过去分词作表语和定语 The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative
一．过去分词做表语
1. 过去分词作表语，放于系动词之后，表示主语的特点或所处的状态。常见系动词有be, remain, get, become, keep, leave, seem, stay等.
许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用，如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened
The window is broken.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要强调动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。
The shop was closed. （表语，强调状态）
The shop was closed by the local government. (被动语态，强调动作)
The glass is broken. （表语）
The glass was broken by Jack. (被动语态)
二．过去分词做定语，修饰名词或代词
1、单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动或完成意义。
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
a developed country 发达国家
注意： 过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
e.g. He is one of those invited.
Everything needed is bought.
2、过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 表被动或完成意义，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
= The books which were written by Lux Xun are popular.
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
= We ’ll go to visit the bridge that was built hundreds of years ago.
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
注意：过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
Some of them, brought up in villages, had never seen a train.
他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火车。
三．现在分词与过去分词区别
1.语态上：现在分词: 表示主动的动作 I heard someone opening the door .
过去分词: 表示被动的动作 I heard the door opened .
2.时间上：现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作
过去分词: 表示完成的意思
the falling leaves boiling water the rising sun
the fallen leaves boiled water the risen sun
3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。常翻译为：令人…
过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。常翻译为：感到…
a moving film The news is exciting.
a moved audience We were excited to hear it.
★课堂检测：
1. 过去分词做定语翻译下列短语
惊恐的人们 terrified /astonished people
预留的座位 reserved seats
被污染的水 polluted water
拥挤的教室 a crowded room
打碎的花瓶 a broken vase
关了的门 a closed door
疲惫的观众 the tired audience
2. 用所给单词适当形式填空。
1）. He got blamed about losing the money. (blame)
2）. The painter looked so tired after working for a whole day. (tire)
3）. I was disappointed with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. (disappoint)
4）. Everybody was shocked to hear of the death of the famous film star. (shock)
5）. Everybody is really excited about the new Olympic stadiums. (excite)
6）. His wound became infected with a new virus. （infect）
3. 改写成定语从句
1） The question discussed was very important.
= The question which was discussed was very important.
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country which has developed___.
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge which is being built there?
★课后拓展：
1. Most of the artists A to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
2. The first textbooks D for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
3. From the date B on the gold coin, we decided that it was made 500 years ago.
A. marking B. marked
C. to be marked D. having been marked
4. The girl C forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks D. referring to looks
5. What he has done is really C. Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing
6. Mr. Smith, A of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
7. The computer centre, D___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
8. I borrowed a book A____ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.
A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write
9. When __D_____ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water.
A. heating and taking B. heated and taking C. heating or taken D. heated or taken
10. When first _B___ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
11. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _A__ before the party.
get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
12. The disc, digitally ___A_____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
13. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases __D_____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
14. Cleaning women in big cities usually get __C______by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
15. The flowers __B_____ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学习关于英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察、分析、探究的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。
2. 初步掌握本单元的新单词，如defeat, conclude, attend, expose, cure, challenge, expert, suspect, blame, pollute, etc.
3. 学生能够通过略读，查读，精读等阅读技能查找有关信息并理解文章。
4．感悟科学家的周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神，进而了解科学发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。
★自学导航：
1. 读记词汇表中与课文相关词汇，然后闭卷写出下列单词的中文意思。
conclude analyse
defeat expert
infect attend
physician expose
cure challenge
victim absorb
suspect enquiry
severe pump
foresee blame
pollute handle
link announce
2. 通过独立思考或课外交流的方式找到有关下列科学家的简单事迹：Charles Darwin，Thomas Edison，Marie Curie，Archimedes，Thomas Newcomen，Gregor Mendel，Leonardo da Vinci，Sir Humphry Davy，Stephen Hawking，Zhang Heng。 并用以上科学家名字完成warming up的练习。
3. 理解科学研究的过程: put the following scientific research stages in the right order.
Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question
Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence
1.Find a problem 2. Make up a question 3. Think of a method
4. Collect results 5. Analyze the results 6. Find supporting evidence
7. Draw a conclusion
★上课流程：
1. Pre-reading
1). Check the answers of the quiz about the scientists.
2). What infectious diseases do you know about?
H1N1, Bird flu, SARS, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, Swine flu 猪流感，cholera……
3). What do you know about cholera and John Snow?
2. While-reading
1) Fast reading --- read the text quickly and find out：
What’s the main idea of the passage? D A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .
2) Scanning --- Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.
___2____ John Snow began to test two theories.
___1____ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
___4____ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
___7____ He announced that the water carried the disease.
___3____ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
___8____ King Cholera was defeated.
___5____ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
___6____ He had the handle removed from the water pump.
3) Careful reading------ Fill in the scientific report by John Snow
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
No body knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera .
Two theories
Idea1: Strange cloud in the air that attacked people.
Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals .
The method
Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.
The results
He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.
Idea 1 or 2? Why?
Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection between the water and the deaths.
The conclusion
Cholera could be defeated now that its cause was known.
3. Post-reading
Discussion---- If you're traveling to a country, but the cholera suddenly breaks out in the country and many people have died of it, what should you do to protect yourself and others according to Snow’s theory?
★课堂检测：
1. Fill in the blanks according to the text
John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people exposed_ to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or cure. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. He suspected people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals and got attacked. He tried to prove this. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he gathered information and made a map, marking_ where all the deal people had lived. Many of the deaths were near the water pump. Then he looked into the source of water and found all the deaths were linked
to the polluted water. So he was able to announce with certainty that the water was to blame
. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
★课后拓展：
1． Read the text several times until you can read it fluently and try to recite 5 beautiful sentences.
2. Do the exercise on page 42.
If half of th21 e land is used for hybrid rice, the increase of 2 tons/hectare can generate 1.5 billion tons of rice output in total, capable of feeding 400 million people every year. Therefore, to promote hybrid rice throughout the world is of great importance to food security and peace.
★教学反思：
5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学习关于英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察、分析、探究的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。
2. 初步掌握本单元的新单词，如defeat, conclude, attend, expose, cure, challenge, expert, suspect, blame, pollute, etc.
3. 学生能够通过略读，查读，精读等阅读技能查找有关信息并理解文章。
4．感悟科学家的周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神，进而了解科学发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。
★自学导航：
1. 读记词汇表中与课文相关词汇，然后闭卷写出下列单词的中文意思。
conclude analyse
defeat expert
infect attend
physician expose
cure challenge
victim absorb
suspect enquiry
severe pump
foresee blame
pollute handle
link announce
2. 通过独立思考或课外交流的方式找到有关下列科学家的简单事迹：Charles Darwin，Thomas Edison，Marie Curie，Archimedes，Thomas Newcomen，Gregor Mendel，Leonardo da Vinci，Sir Humphry Davy，Stephen Hawking，Zhang Heng。 并用以上科学家名字完成warming up的练习。
3. 理解科学研究的过程: put the following scientific research stages in the right order.
Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question
Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence
1.Find a problem 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
★上课流程：
1. Pre-reading
1). Check the answers of the quiz about the scientists.
2). What infectious diseases do you know about?
3). What do you know about cholera and John Snow?
2. While-reading
1) Fast reading --- read the text quickly and find out：
What’s the main idea of the passage? A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .
2) Scanning --- Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.
_______ John Snow began to test two theories.
_______ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
_______ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
_______ He announced that the water carried the disease.
_______ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
_______ King Cholera was defeated.
_______ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
_______ He had the handle removed from the water pump.
3) Careful reading------ Fill in the scientific report by John Snow
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
No body knew_____________________________________________________.
Two theories
Idea1: _________________________________________________________that attacked people.
Idea 2: people absorbed the disease__________________________________.
The method
____________________from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.
The results
He found the cause of cholera was_____________________________________.
Idea 1 or 2? Why?
_______. Because the data showed a connection between the water and the deaths.
The conclusion
Cholera could be __________ now that its cause was known.
3. Post-reading
Discussion---- If you're traveling to a country, but the cholera suddenly breaks out in the country and many people have died of it, what should you do to protect yourself and others according to Snow’s theory?
★课堂检测：
1. Fill in the blanks according to the text
John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people ___________ to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or ____________. He knew it would never be ____________ until its cause was found. He suspected people ______________ this disease into their bodies with their meals and got attacked. He tried to prove this. So when another ______________ hit London in 1854, he ____________ information and made a map, ____________ where all the deal people had lived. Many of the __________ were near the water pump. Then he ___________ into the source of water and found all the deaths were ______________ to the polluted water. So he was able to ___________ with certainty that the water was to __________. To_________ this from happening again, John Snow ____________that the source of all the water supplies be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was ____________.
★课后拓展：
1． Read the text several times until you can read it fluently and try to recite 5 beautiful sentences.
2. Do the exercise on page 42.
If half of th21 e land is used for hybrid rice, the increase of 2 tons/hectare can generate 1.5 billion tons of rice output in total, capable of feeding 400 million people every year. Therefore, to promote hybrid rice throughout the world is of great importance to food security and peace.
★教学反思：
5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学生可以通过听力材料训练自己的听力并了解钱学森的有关事迹。
2 学生可以了解哥白尼是如何发现太阳中心学说的。
3. 学生能够根据文章发表自己的看法，并通过给哥白尼写信的形式提高写作能力。
4. 学生初步掌握文中涉及的新单词和词组。
★自学导航：
1. 预习第7页上课文。
2. 写出下列单词词组的中文意思。
positive movement
backward loop
privately spin
brightness enthusiastic
cautious reject
universe make sense
mathematical calculation be attacked by
work on on the basis of
lead to punish sb for
★上课流程：
1. Listening
1). Talk about the space research work of China and Qian Xuesen.
2). Introduce the background of the listening text and learn some difficult words in it.
astronomer (天文学家) astronaut (宇航员) institute (研究所)
3). Listen and Answer the questions
I. What did Qian Xuesen study first?
Qian Xueshen first studied to be an engineer.
II. What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China?
In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.
III. What was Qian Xuesen's achievement when he returned to China from America?
When he returned to China he set up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.
2. Reading ---Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory
1). Skim Para.1 and draw the pictures of the two theories of the universe .
before Copernicus’s theory showing Copernicus’ theory
画两幅图
3．Read and answer the following questions.
1）What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to? （para 1）
His mathematical calculations led to the conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
2）Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory? （para 1）
Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3）What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? （para 2）
Astronomers noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.
4）What did Copernicus do to prove his theory? （para 3）
He collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.
5）How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory? （para 3）
Four years. (Between 1510 and 1514.)
6) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? （para 4）
He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with planets going round ti and only the moon still going round the earth. He suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun.
7) When did Copernicus publish his theory? （para 4）
He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.
4. Discussion:
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why?
★课堂检测：
1. Write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them. (page 8)
Step1 brainstorm some reasons why he should publish his theory with your group members.
Step2 write a letter using the following structure.
Para1: Tell who you are and what you want him to do.
Para2: The first reason. (eg problems with the present theory)
Para3: The second reason. (eg science cannot develop unless people publish their ideas)
Para4: Ask him again to reconsider publishing his ideas.
★课后拓展：
1. 熟读课文。
2. 阅读44页上reading task的泛读文章并完成其后的练习。
★教学反思：
5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学生可以通过听力材料训练自己的听力并了解钱学森的有关事迹。
2 学生可以了解哥白尼是如何发现太阳中心学说的。
3. 学生能够根据文章发表自己的看法，并通过给哥白尼写信的形式提高写作能力。
4. 学生初步掌握文中涉及的新单词和词组。
★自学导航：
1. 预习第7页上课文。
2. 写出下列单词词组的中文意思。
positive movement
backward loop
privately spin
brightness enthusiastic
cautious reject
universe make sense
mathematical calculation be attacked by
work on on the basis of
lead to punish sb for
★上课流程：
1. Listening
1). Talk about the space research work of China and Qian Xuesen.
2). Introduce the background of the listening text and learn some difficult words in it.
astronomer (天文学家) astronaut (宇航员) institute (研究所)
3). Listen and Answer the questions
I. What did Qian Xuesen study first?
II. What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China?
III. What was Qian Xuesen's achievement when he returned to China from America?
2. Reading ---Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory
1). Skim Para.1 and draw the pictures of the two theories of the universe .
before Copernicus’s theory showing Copernicus’ theory
3．Read and answer the following questions.
What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to?
Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory?
What had the astronomers noticed in the sky?
What did Copernicus do to prove his theory?
How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?
How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars?
When did Copernicus publish his theory?
4. Discussion:
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why?
★课堂检测：
1. Write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them. (page 8)
Step1 brainstorm some reasons why he should publish his theory with your group members.
Step2 write a letter using the following structure.
Para1: Tell who you are and what you want him to do.
Para2: The first reason. (eg problems with the present theory)
Para3: The second reason. (eg science cannot develop unless people publish their ideas)
Para4: Ask him again to reconsider publishing his ideas.
★课后拓展：
1. 熟读课文。
2. 阅读44页上reading task的泛读文章并完成其后的练习。
★教学反思：
5.1 Great scientists
课型：词汇语法 主备人：丁佳坚 审核人： 搜索编码：GYYY1032
班级： 姓 名： 组 名：
★学习目标：
1. 学习生词，掌握词组
★自学导航：
1. 尝试翻译以下词组
steam engine 蒸汽机
put forward 提出
draw a conclusion 得出结论
make a question 提出问题
supporting evidence 证据
expose…to 使…暴露；暴露
deadly disease of its day 当时致命的疾病
face the challenge 面对挑战
be determined to do sth 决心做某事
be to blame (for sth.) 该受责备，应受处罚
look into 观察，浏览
slow down 减速
two other deaths 另外
be linked to 与…联系起来
have it delivered to 把它送去……
prevent…from (doing)… 阻止…做某事
★上课流程：
1. put forward 提出(建议等)
= come up with
e.g. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.
Put forward 还有“提前”，“把时钟拨快”的意思
拓展延伸 put 的相关短语：
put away 把…收起；储存 put down 写下来;放下
put on 穿上;戴上;增加 ；上演 put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 挂起，举起，建立;建造；给…供宿
put up with… 忍受…… put aside 节省（钱、时间等）；把…放在一边
2. conclusion n. 结论；结束
draw/ reach/ arrive at/ come to a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后；总之
e.g. It was difficult to draw a conclusion because the situation was complex.
因为形势复杂，所以很难下结论。
conclude v. 推断出;（使）结束；决定
e.g. The jury concluded, from the evidence, that she was guilty.
陪审团根据证据作出结论，认定她有罪。
3. expert n. 专家 adj 熟练的，有专门技术或知识的
e.g. an agricultural expert 农业专家
an expert rider 专业骑手
词组： be expert in/at doing sth 做……很擅长
He is expert in cooking.
4. attend vt.
1）照顾，看护 attend (on) sb
Which doctor will attend you?
2) 出席，参加 attend sth （较正式）
He decided to attend the meeting himself.
~a meeting , ~a ceremony （典礼）, ~a funeral（葬礼）, ~ a lecture,
~school, ~church（做礼拜）， ~a wedding （婚礼）
3) attend to sth 处理，办理，注意听
You must attend carefully to these pieces of advice.
attendance n 照顾； 出席人数
5. expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光, 使遭受（危险）
常用短语： expose sth/sb/oneself to sth 使…暴露于…
be exposed to 被暴露于……
e.g. Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long. You’ll get sunburnt.
别在阳光下晒太久，你会晒伤的。
The bike was exposed to the wind and rain.
这辆自行车被暴露在风雨中。
He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
当他想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
6. cure
1). n. 治愈，疗法
a cure for sth “治疗…的方法”
e.g. Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?
2) vt. 治愈
cure sb (of a disease)
e.g. Can you cure me of my cold?
The doctor cured him of cancer.
7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
1) every/each time是连词,引导时间状语从句, “每次,每当”
e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
2) the moment, the minute, the second, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以作连词,引导
时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”
e.g. I will give the letter to him immediately/ directly/ the second I see him. 我一见到他，我就…
The moment I catch a cold, I have a pain in my back. 我一感冒，我的背就疼。
8. absorb v. 吸收(液体); 吸引；合并
e.g. Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 用布吸干撒掉的墨水.
be absorbed in “全神贯注于”
e.g. I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear your call.
absorb…into… 把…吸收进…
e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。
9. It seemed the water was to blame.
1) sb/ sth be to blame “某人/ 某物该受谴责, 应受处罚” (该词组不用被动形式)
e.g. Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为此次的失利负责？
You are to blame.
2) blame sb for sth./ blame sth on sb “把…归咎于某人；谴责某人”
e.g. Do you blame him for the accident?=Do you blame the accident on him?
I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child. A
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
10. link vt. 连接
e.g. These two cities were linked by a railway.
link… to… : connect…to… = sth be linked to “把…与…连接起来”
e.g. I can’t link my computer to the internet.
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
11. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. (v./n.) 统治， 控制
1) lose control of/ be out of control “失去控制”
e.g. The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
2) sb be in control of sth “某人控制某物” =sth be under the control of sb “某物被…控制着”
e.g. Mr. brown is in control of the money.=The money is under the control of Mr. brown.
3) under control “受控制, 平静无事”
e.g. The fire was finally under control.
12. instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导
常用短语： instruct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
Instruct sb in sth 在某方面指导某人
e.g. She instructs us in English.
He was instructed to fly to London.
Instruction n. 命令，指示，吩咐
Instructions 说明书，使用指南
13. contribute (v) 捐助；捐赠；贡献；投（稿）
1) contribute to 促成；导致；有助于
e.g. Various factors contributed to his downfall. 各种因素导致了他的倒台。
2) make a contribution to / make contributions to “为作贡献”
e.g. Einstein made great contributions to the physics.
爱因斯坦因对物理学做出巨大贡献。
3) contributor (n) 投稿人；捐助人
14. Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrase.
apart from “ 除了…之外”，与n和v-ing连用。
e.g. Apart from sport, my other interest outside class is music. (=besides)
Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good. (=except for)
★课堂检测：
用下列动词的适当形式填空
infect, defeat, announce, cure, link, analyse, absorb, blame, handle, suggest
H1N1 is a terrible ___________ disease which can kill people.
We have lost the match and we should ____________ the cause of our defeat.
He was so __________ in his study that he forgot his supper.
French team __________ American team in the last World Basketball Championship.
Look! The list of winners is being ___________ on TV.
It’s not his fault, so he’s not to ____________.
We are thankful to the doctor, for he ____________ my father of his illness.
I can’t ____________ this spoiled child.
It’s ____________ that the match be put of.
The pipe must be ____________ to the cold water supply.
Key: 1. infectious 2. analyse 3. absorbed 4. defeated 5. announced 6. blame
7. cured 8. handle 9. suggested 10. linked
★课后拓展：
根据中文意思完成下列句子。
他每次到我们市里来，总是抽时间来看我。（ every time）
________________________________, he spared time to call on me.
2. 很多生活在贫困地区的孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。( expose to)
Many children living in the poor areas _________________________________.
3. 我是我们家第一个上大学的孩子。
I am the first child in my family ______________________________________.
4．从以上的讨论中我们可以得出两个主要的结论。
There are two main ______________________________ from the above discussion.
5. 她在会上提出的计划被采纳了。
The plan ____________________________by her has been adopted.
Key: 1. Every time he visited our city 2. are never exposed to classical music
3. to attend college 4. conclusions to be drawn
5. put forward at the meeting
★课后反思：
5.1 Great scientists
★学习目标：
1. 学习生词，掌握词组
★自学导航：
1. 尝试翻译以下词组
steam engine
put forward
draw a conclusion
make a question
supporting evidence
expose…to
deadly disease of its day
face the challenge
be determined to do sth
be to blame (for sth.)
look into
slow down
two other deaths
be linked to
have it delivered to
prevent…from (doing)…
★上课流程：
1. put forward 提出(建议等)
= come up with
e.g. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.
Put forward 还有“提前”，“把时钟拨快”的意思
拓展延伸 put 的相关短语：
put away put down
put on put off
put out put up
put up with… put aside
2. conclusion n. 结论；结束
draw/ reach/ arrive at/ come to a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后；总之
e.g. It was difficult to draw a conclusion because the situation was complex.
因为形势复杂，所以很难下结论。
conclude v. 推断出;（使）结束；决定
e.g. The jury concluded, from the evidence, that she was guilty.
陪审团根据证据作出结论，认定她有罪。
3. expert n. 专家 adj 熟练的，有专门技术或知识的
e.g. an agricultural expert 农业专家
an expert rider 专业骑手
词组： be expert in/at doing sth 做……很擅长
He is expert in cooking.
4. attend vt.
1）照顾，看护 attend (on) sb
Which doctor will attend you?
2) 出席，参加 attend sth （较正式）
He decided to attend the meeting himself.
~a meeting , ~a ceremony （典礼）, ~a funeral（葬礼）, ~ a lecture,
~school, ~church（做礼拜）， ~a wedding （婚礼）
3) attend to sth 处理，办理，注意听
You must attend carefully to these pieces of advice.
attendance n 照顾； 出席人数
5. expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光, 使遭受（危险）
常用短语： expose sth/sb/oneself to sth 使…暴露于…
be exposed to 被暴露于……
e.g. Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long. You’ll get sunburnt.
The bike was exposed to the wind and rain.
He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
6. cure
1). n. 治愈，疗法
a cure for sth “治疗…的方法”
e.g. Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?
2) vt. 治愈
cure sb (of a disease)
e.g. Can you cure me of my cold?
The doctor cured him of cancer.
7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
1) every/each time是连词,引导时间状语从句, “每次,每当”
e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
2) the moment, the minute, the second, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以作连词,引导
时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”
e.g. I will give the letter to him immediately/ directly/ the second I see him. 我一见到他，我就…
The moment I catch a cold, I have a pain in my back. 我一感冒，我的背就疼。
8. absorb v. 吸收(液体); 吸引；合并
e.g. Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 用布吸干撒掉的墨水.
be absorbed in “全神贯注于”
e.g. I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear your call.
absorb…into… 把…吸收进…
e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。
9. It seemed the water was to blame.
1) sb/ sth be to blame “某人/ 某物该受谴责, 应受处罚” (该词组不用被动形式)
e.g. Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为此次的失利负责？
You are to blame.
2) blame sb for sth./ blame sth on sb “把…归咎于某人；谴责某人”
e.g. Do you blame him for the accident?=Do you blame the accident on him?
I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
10. link vt. 连接
e.g. These two cities were linked by a railway.
link… to… : connect…to… = sth be linked to “把…与…连接起来”
e.g. I can’t link my computer to the internet.
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
11. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. (v./n.) 统治， 控制
1) lose control of/ be out of control “失去控制”
e.g. The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
2) sb be in control of sth “某人控制某物” =sth be under the control of sb “某物被…控制着”
e.g. Mr. brown is in control of the money.=The money is under the control of Mr. brown.
3) under control “受控制, 平静无事”
e.g. The fire was finally under control.
12. instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导
常用短语： instruct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
Instruct sb in sth 在某方面指导某人
e.g. She instructs us in English.
He was instructed to fly to London.
Instruction n. 命令，指示，吩咐
Instructions 说明书，使用指南
13. contribute (v) 捐助；捐赠；贡献；投（稿）
1) contribute to 促成；导致；有助于
e.g. Various factors contributed to his downfall. 各种因素导致了他的倒台。
2) make a contribution to / make contributions to “为作贡献”
e.g. Einstein made great contributions to the physics.
爱因斯坦因对物理学做出巨大贡献。
3) contributor (n) 投稿人；捐助人
14. Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrase.
apart from “ 除了…之外”，与n和v-ing连用。
e.g. Apart from sport, my other interest outside class is music. (=besides)
Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good. (=except for)
★课堂检测：
用下列动词的适当形式填空
infect, defeat, announce, cure, link, analyse, absorb, blame, handle, suggest
H1N1 is a terrible ___________ disease which can kill people.
We have lost the match and we should ____________ the cause of our defeat.
He was so __________ in his study that he forgot his supper.
French team __________ American team in the last World Basketball Championship.
Look! The list of winners is being ___________ on TV.
It’s not his fault, so he’s not to ____________.
we are thankful to the doctor, for he ____________ my father of his illness.
I can’t ____________ this spoiled child.
It’s ____________ that the match be put of.
The pipe must be ____________ to the cold water supply.
★课后拓展：
根据中文意思完成下列句子。
他每次到我们市里来，总是抽时间来看我。（ every time）
________________________________, he spared time to call on me.
2. 很多生活在贫困地区的孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。( expose to)
Many children living in the poor areas _________________________________.
3. 我是我们家第一个上大学的孩子。
I am the first child in my family ______________________________________.
4．从以上的讨论中我们可以得出两个主要的结论。
There are two main ______________________________ from the above discussion.
5. 她在会上提出的计划被采纳了。
The plan ____________________________by her has been adopted.
★课后反思：
课件50张PPT。Unit 1 Great Scientists Madam Curie
Stephen Hawking
Leonardo da Vinci
Zhang Heng
Charles Darwin
Sir Humphry Davy
汉弗来.戴维爵士
Gregor Mendel
Archimedes 阿基米德
Thomas Edison
Thomas Newcomen What do you know about great scientists? 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British biologist
author of The Origin of Species 3.Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, 纽科门 4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) Czech (捷克人) botanist and geneticist孟德尔 5.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)
a chemist and physicist6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison (1847-1931)
an American inventor7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy
汉弗来.戴维爵士
(1778-1829)British
an inventor and chemistMiner's Safety Lamp 9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng
(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking
(1942--) a British astronomer and physicistWhat do you think when you see these words?How about Cholera? AIDSH1N1bird-fluSARSSpread from one person to another. So it is an infectious disease.infect/affect peopleIt causes diarrhea(腹泻), vomiting(呕吐) and leg cramps(抽筋).Scientific research
7 stages in setting out a new scientific idea
John Snow
( 1813~ 1858)
Englishman “King Cholera”defeatWhat’s the main idea of the passage?A John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
B The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
C The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D How did John Snow collect, analyse data(数据) and find the cause of the disease and solve it .
SkimmingHe was an famous doctor in London----so expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.take care of doctorhelped ordinary people exposed to choleraFind out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph:Para. 1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4-5Para. 6Para. 7He needed to prove the second theory was correct.He got interested in two theories explaining…John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.He found supporting evidenceFinally “King Cholera” was defeatedHe found out that dirty water was the cause of choleraWhat is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease
of its day. What caused cholera?Details Why was it deadly?Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.para 1para 2make a question: Which theory to believe in? idea 1idea 2Cholera ________ in the air without reason.
A cloud of dangerous gas would __________
until it found its _________ .People ________ it _____ their bodies with their________ .multipliedfloat aroundvictimsabsorbedmealsintoWhich theory did he think was right?para 3What did he find in two particular streets during the cholera outbreak in 1854?The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.How did he begin his investigation?First: He marked on the map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.what did he find?para 4A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.___________________ was to blame.water pumpSo next??The water from the pumpJohn Snowlooked into_______________________
found _____________________________
told_______________________________the source of waterthe water came from a polluted river people to remove the handleSoon afterwards, the disease___________.analyze the results: What happened to the pump water?para 5slowed downFind supporting evidence: What extra evidence did he find?two other deaths A woman and her daughter
who lived far away but drank
the water also died.
draw a conclusion with certaintyThe polluted water
carried the virus.para 6…were linked to the outbreakWhat was his suggestion?He suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.para 7John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:Steps of his researchFind a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyse the results
Finding supporting
evidence
Make a conclusion
Cholera How did cholera kill people?Gather informationMark the dead people on the map Many of the deaths were near the water pump.Two other deaths in another partCholera was spread by germs instead of a cloud of gas1. Who is the main character in the passage?
2. Who is he ?
3. When did he live?
4. Where did another cholera break out in 1854?
5. Why did so many people die? (because)
6. What was he determined to do?
7. What did he do then? (so)
8. What did he suggest?
9. What’s the result ? (Finally)1. Who is the main character in the passage?John Snow He was a famous English doctor.3. When did he live?He lived in the 19th century.2. Who is he ?4. Where did another cholera break out in 1854?In 1854 a cholera broke out in London./ Another outbreak hit London in 1854.5. Why did so many people die?Because many people had drunk the dirty water from the pump.6. What was he determined to do?He was determined to find the cause of cholera in order to defeat it.8. What did he suggest?He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined and the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.7. What did he do then?He began to gather information.9. What’s the result ?“King Cholera” was defeated.
Can you retell the passage in your own words or put the answers to the 9 questions above into a passage in not more than 100 words. Use some conjunctions if necessary.1. Who is the main character in the passage?
2. Who is he ?
3. When did he live?
4. Where did another cholera break out in 1854?
5. Why did so many people die? (because)
6. What was he determined to do?
7. What did he do then? (so)
8. What did he suggest?
9. What’s the result ? (Finally) John Snow was a famous English doctor in the 19th century. In 1854 another cholera broke out in London. So many people died because they had drunk the dirty water from the pump. John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to defeat it, so he began to gather information. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined and the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.John Snow was a _______ doctor in London in
the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of
cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He ______on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the
dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that
the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that
the ______ of all water supply ___________ and
The water companies ______________ not to expose
people to polluted water. Finally, “King Cholera” was _______.famous19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourcebe examinedwere instructeddefeatedRead the passage again and fill in the blanks:What should we pay attention to in our daily
life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heal the food left overnightCook raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterdiscussionStudy the poster first and then you please
design a poster, introducing Cholera to
people, and inform people of the ways to
keep away from getting infected with cholera.Team work1. Surf the internet to find out:
What should we pay attention to in our daily life to prevent ourselves from getting infected with all these infectious diseases?
2. Write down the important words and phrases in your exercise books.
3. Underline the difficult sentences that you cannot understand.HomeworkTask 2: Read and Answer1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?
3 Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
4. To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?
Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3.Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.
Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.ComprehendingThe passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)Mind Map of the TextJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Paragraph 2: Two theories
Find a Problem:Make a question:Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 What caused the cholera?
Which is right?Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method:
Collect the result:
Analyze the result:Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Analyze the result:Repeat if necessary:
Draw a conclusion:Test two theoriesMark the deathReason for death and no deathFind the resource of the waterFind more evidence.
Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried choleraParagraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
John Snow defeats King CholeraDiscussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four.1.2.3.Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem with- out the map? Give a reason. Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and public health care to solve them. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.Keys1.2. No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3.课件19张PPT。Unit1 Great scientistsUsing language How to prove the earth is round but not flat?
Astronomical quizWalking in one direction, you will get back to the starting point.
When boat is driving towards you on the sea, you see the mast first,
then the whole boat.
The horizon is curved.
The photo taken from out space.How to prove sun is the centre of the solar system but not the earth?Let Copernicus tell you!CopernicusCopernicus was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.
Using language
Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory Skim Para.1 and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.SunearthBefore Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theorySunearthBefore Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory Skim Para.1 and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its center.A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its center.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to?
Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory?
What had the astronomers noticed in the sky?
What did Copernicus do to prove his theory?
How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?
How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars?
When did Copernicus publish his theory?
1. What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to? (para1)His mathematical calculations led to the conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
2. Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory? (para1)Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (para2)
4. What did Copernicus do to prove his theory? (para3)
5. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory? (para3)
Astronomers noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.Four years. (Between 1510 and 1514.)He collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. 6. How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? (para4)
7. When did Copernicus publish his theory? (para4)
He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.
He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with planets going round ti and only the moon still going round the earth. He suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun.At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.
2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.
3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.
4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.
5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.
6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. TFTFFTT/FDiscussion 1: If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why?
If I were Copernicus, I would be cautious to hide my theory. I would be killed because my theory was against the Christian Church’s. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. So Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.If I were Copernicus, I would not have hidden my theory for so many years. My observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. Maybe I would be attacked by the Christian Church if I publish my new theory. But no matter how people oppose it, time will show if my ideas are right or wrong.
Discussion 2: Find out all the evidences that can prove the sun is the centre of the solar system. 1. Copernicus’ mathematical calculations.
2. Astronomers noticed that some planets in the sky stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.
3. Only Copernicus’ new theory can explain the changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.
4. There is a direct link between Copernicus’ theory and the work of Isaac New ton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
Writing: Write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them. Para1: Tell who you are.
Para2: The first reason. (eg problems with the present theory)
Para3: The second reason. (eg science cannot develop unless people publish their ideas)
Para4: Ask him again to reconsider publishing his ideas.One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.
I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang HuaUseful expressionsmathematical calculations 数字计算
lead to 导致；通向；导向
make sense讲得通；有意义
punish sb. for sth. 因为某事惩罚某人
at times 有时；间或
work on 从事；致力于
with the planets going around the sun 随着行星绕着太阳转
be attacked by 受到…的攻击
be against + n./ doing 反对
on the basis of 以…为基础The police are watching the ___________of the suspicious
character carefully.
2) The board ________ all our ideas.
3) Does your handwriting slope forward or _________?
4) The _________ exists in space.
5) She is ________ of telling secrets.
6) He ________ the rope around the bull's horns.
7) The earth is _________as it goes round the sun.
8) Jim had a /an__________ reception when he returned
home.Fill in the blanks with correct words in suitable forms.
movements backward loop spin
enthusiastic cautious reject universemovementsrejectsbackwarduniversecautiousloopsspinningenthusiastic
