Module 1 Small Talk Language points

课件69张PPT。lack 缺乏 n. v.
n. lack of
Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect.
vt.
Alex's real problem is that he lacks confidence.
be lacking in
She is lacking in responsibility.
~ for sth （need sth ）需要某事物
They lacked for nothing.confident adj. confidence n.
confidently adv. self-confident/ce/tly
be confident that / about / of
have confidence in/to do
He is quite confident that there will be no problems this time.
I feel quite confident about the future.Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director.
I didn't have any confidence in myself.
Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.in advance 提前 预先
in advance of 在…之前; 比…先进
I should warn you in advance that I'm not a very good dancer.
Could you distribute copies well in advance of the meeting?
Their aircraft were in advance of those used by the US.
advanced adj. 先进的 高级的 发达的in addition 此外, 加之
in addition to 除…之外又
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.
In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.
additionally adv. 此外
Additionally, about 85% of them are made abroad and imported.sigh with 叹气
sigh for 思念
sigh over 对…发出叹息
He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal.
“I wish I had finished this work,” she said with a sigh. / she sighed.
She sighed for her lost youth.
All the girls sighed over Betty's beautiful dress have an obligation to do/sb 有责任/义务
be under an/no obligation to do/sb
You're under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order.
Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.
Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally.favour / favor
in favour of / in one’s favour 支持 赞成
I talked to Susie about it, and she's all in favor of going.
The vote was 60-59 in the government's favor.
We are in favor of her promotion to president.
Duncan had his height and weight in his favour during the fight. （对…有利）
do sb a favour
ask sb a favour / ask a favour of sbcertain adj. 确定的; 无疑的
be certain that/who/when/…/about/of
I'm not certain when it will be ready.
I felt certain that I'd passed the test.
It now seems certain that there will be an election in May.
make certain (that)
for certain = for sure
sure与certain用法基本相同
it作形式主语或形式宾语时只用certain
a certain 某个，某种
pron. certain of
Certain of the products are faulty.(有毛病)answer和reply都可用作及物动词，作“回答”解，但answer可跟名词作宾语而reply只能跟直接引语或宾语从句，跟名词时须加to。
He?replied?that?he?didn’t?know?the?secret.
Please?reply?to?my?question?at?once.
I am writing in reply to your letter of 1st June.
answer 是常用词, 可指“口头”、“笔头”, 甚至“行动”回答，是表示对质问、命令、招呼、要求等回答之意的最普通的字;
reply 用在较正式文体中,或表示较正式且经考虑之答覆;
respond 表示对预期、诉求或想望者加以反应而作回答。firm adj. 坚硬的 坚定的 稳固的 有力的
be firm with sb 对某人严格
This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on.
The teacher was firm and did not change her mind.
Parents must be firm with their children.
n. 公司 商行 (尤用于口语, 指两个人以上合资经营的)absence n. absent adj. 缺席的 心不在焉的
in/during one’s absence 当…不在时
absence of mind 心不在焉
He was absent from the meeting.
It happened during/in your absence.
She had an absent look on her face.
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
Our neighbor is very absent-minded and is always getting locked out of his house. apology n. apologise/apologize v.
receive/accept an apology (from)
make an apology for (doing) sth
apologize to sb for (doing) sth
She finally received an apology from the company.
I owe him an apology.
I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
I'm so sorry, I do apologize. acquaint v.
acquaint sb/oneself with 使…熟悉…
acquainted adj.
be acquainted with 对…熟悉
You will soon become fully acquainted with the procedures.
I am not acquainted with the lady.
I need to acquaint myself with the new regulations.
acquaintance n.imagine that/what/how/why…
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine sb/sth as / to be …
It is difficult/easy/possible/impossible to imagine …
Can you imagine what it's like when it's really hot out here in Delhi?
He didn't quite dare to imagine himself as a real artist.
After such a dry summer, it's difficult to imagine what rain looks like. on purpose 故意地
for the purpose of sth 为了…的目的
for…purpose
The purpose of conducting a business is to make money.
You make it sound as if I did it on purpose!
For what purposes are you doing that? in/under … circumstances 在…的情况下
under no circumstances 无论如何不, 决不
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下; 情形既然如此
He was forced by circumstances to do this.
Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances。
Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.
Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. How Good Are Your Social Skills?prepare (sb/oneself) for/ against/ to do
be prepared for/against/to do
prepare vs. prepare for
prepare sb sth = prepare sth for sb
Her parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.
I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this!
Mother prepared us a substantial breakfast. would like/love to do
event + at which/ where 引导定语从句
It helps if you do … advance planning.
have sth ready 准备好
etc ( et cetera ) = and so on 等等
(in) that/this way 那样/这样 (方式)
eye contact 目光接触/交流
positive adj. 积极的,肯定的,正的,阳性的be true of 适用于 对…适用
true to life 逼真
It’s true that …
be true for/ to do
come true
It's not true that I'm going to marry him.
The same is true of all political parties.
This is especially true for old people.
It's generally true to say that fewer people are needed nowadays.
The film is very true to life.obligation:
must do…
have to do…必须做… 不得不做…
(客观上的需要)lack of obligation:
don’t have to do…
don’t need to do…没有必要做…
不必要做…Grammardidn’t need to do / needn’t have done相同点:
都表示过去时间内不必做
不同点:
didn’t need to do 表示那件事不必做而且结果也是那件事的确没有做
needn’t have done 表示虽然那件事不必做但结果是已经做了It was Sunday. He didn’t need to go to work.
That year, he was young and didn’t need to serve in the army.
The manager didn’t need to do such things himself.
The poor girl needn’t have waited in the rain for so long.
You needn’t have said so much about your being late.
They needn’t have written the letter to the headmaster.The Wrong Kind of Small Talk1. shortcoming of / in
the shortcomings of our local government system
The report suggested that there were severe shortcomings in the law.
2. by coincidence 出于巧合
It is no coincidence that … 并非巧合
What a coincidence! 多么巧合！3. occasion 时刻; 场合; 机会定语从句:指时刻接when;指场合接where
on ... occasion
I've seen Jana with them on several occasions.
on occasion 偶尔, 不时地, 必要时
On occasion prisoners were allowed visits from their families.
on this/that occasion 此时/彼时
on the present/last occasion 在这次/上次
on one occasion 有一次be due in / at / on / to do 预期的
without (any) apology 并无(任何)歉意
put on weight 增肥, 长胖
go through 穿过, 仔细检查, 被批准, 被通过, 经历、遭受(困难, 痛苦等)
discourage sb from doing sth 劝…不要做; 使…丧失信心
on the anniversary of 在…的纪念日
at the moment 此时,现在
at that moment 那时 (at that time)
come up 出现, 发生; 走近, 走上前来
stand by 紧靠在旁边; 袖手旁观Everyday englishleave out
1. 省略；删去
You can leave out the details; just give us the main facts.
2. 遗漏
In copying this paper, be careful not to leave out any word.
3. 排除；忽略；冷落（某人）
Please leave me out of your plans.emphasise / emphasize vt.
强调; 注重; 加强…的语气
The report emphasizes the importance of improving safety standards.
The Prime Minister emphasized that there are no plans to raise taxes.
I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. Language course?
Staying long?
Going anywhere nice?Are you taking a language course?Are you staying long?Are you going anywhere nice?Lovely place.
Go there a lot.
Never been there.It’s a lovely place.I go there a lot.I’ve never been there.Making Friends in the USAdull adj. 愚笨的 迟钝的 枯燥的 不鲜艳的
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只学习, 不玩耍, 聪明孩子也变傻。
ethnic adj. 民族的 种族的
sensitive adj. 敏感的,灵敏的,过敏的
be sensitive to/about
highly adv. 高度地,非常
call by 拜访
desire n. v. 渴望,欲望 ~to do / for / that
hesitate at/about/over/ to do 犹豫,迟疑
lead to 导致
return to/from / … to …make/pay a compliment to sb 恭维
compliment sb on sth
vase /veis/ n. 花瓶
fabulous adj. 极好的,极为巨大的
treat sb like / as …
accurate adj. 准确的,精确的 inaccurate
accuracy n. 准确(性), 精确(性) with ~ 准确地
would do well to do 最好…
be open with sb about sth 诚实的,坦率的The AAAIt is estimated that …据估计
establish/build a relationship 建立关系
It works. 有效 起作用 成功
situation + where/in which 引导定语从句
at this point 这时; 在这一点上
technique 技术 技能 (艺术或科学方面)
skill (工作需要的) 手工艺 技能 技巧
have sth in common 有共同之处类似的结构还有:
It is said that… 据说…
It is known that… 众所周知…
It is thought that…人们认为…
It is believed that…人们相信…
It is hoped that…人们希望…
It is reported that…据报道…
It is suggested that…人们建议…1. 人们希望中国队赢得这场比赛。
It is hoped that the Chinese team will win the game.
2. 人们建议召开会议来讨论这些问题。
It is suggested that a meeting should be held to discuss the problems.
3. 人们相信这项发明将造福于人类。
It is believed that the invention will benefit the world.1. informal adj.非正式的(反义词__________)
1) 非正式谈话__________________
2. serious adj.严肃的,认真的(副词_________)
1)你这么说是开玩笑还是认真的?
______________________________________
2)认真对待…._________________________
3. confidently adv. 自信地
4. lack v. 缺乏，缺少
1)He lacks courage to do it.________________
2)lack sth.=_____________________.
3)用做n。常于of搭配 lack of sth________
The plants died for lack of water.__________
Lack of fund forced the firm to closedown. _______________
缺乏常识。_______________________
由于缺少经验，实验失败了。_______________________________formalan informal conversationseriouslyAre you joking or serious by saying so?take sth seriouslybe short of…缺乏某物这些植物死于缺水。缺乏资金使公司倒闭 Lack common senseThe experiment failed for lack of experience. 3. think of 想, 回忆起
e.g. I think hard but I think of nothing.
think of 认为, 认定
think of sb. as … 把某人看作…
e.g. I think of him as a hardworking guy.
think of 评价, 考虑
e.g. What do you think of it ?
think highly/much of … 高度评介…很看重…
think nothing/ little of… 认为…没什么,不重视…
think about 思考.
think over 反复思考, 熟虑
think out 想出
4.
环顾四周
照看照顾
回头看, 回顾
尊敬
鄙视
调查(案件)
小心,提防…
浏览(书)
查阅(字典)
期待做某事
寻找
look around/about
look after
look back
look up to
look down on/upn
look into the case
look out for sth.
look through books
look up ..in the dictionary
look forward to doing
look for4. In addition , = in addition to ….
It was a cold windy day. In addition , we lacked the money to buy the ticket.
It was a cold windy day. In addition to that , we lacked the money to buy the ticket

except
besides= in addition, = in addition to …
except for = with the exception of….你想交更多的朋友，但却缺少跟不认识的人交谈的自信吗？（P2）
____________________________________
5. advance adj.预先的,在前的
v. 推进，前进
n. 提前（词组____________）
advanced adj_________________
1)我们应该提前制订计划。
___________________________________
2) It helps if you do a little advance planning.
__________________________________(P2)
6. nod v. 点头
他点头表示同意。______________________
9. prize n. 奖品，奖金
他获得一等奖.______________________
10. application n. 申请
_________ v.申请（词组_____________）Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to peoplein advance高级的，先进 的We should make plans in advance.如果你预先做些准备，将会对你有帮助。He nodded to agree. He won the first prize.applyapply for11. visa n. 签证
如果你要出国,你需要签证.

12. tidy v. 使…整洁，整理
走之前一定记着整理房间.
13. favour n. 恩惠，照顾
词组:帮某人一个忙___________________
喜欢,支持________________________
Could you do me the favor to return the books to the library?
16. certain pron. 某些,某个
1)由于某种原因,他不能来了.
____________________________________
If you want to go abroad,you need a visa.Do remember to tidy the room before you leave. do sb a favordo a favor for sbin favor of…For some reason,he can’t come.7. Sure & Certain (确定的, 必然的, 可靠的)
*** It is sure that he has been injured. (错)
It is certain that…. (正确)
*** certain 某些, 某种
for a certain reason 因为某种原因
for sure/ certain; 肯定地, 毫无疑问地
make sure/ certain of ； 确保…
be sure/certain to do sth. …一定会…
17. reply n.回答,答复,回信(___________)
v.回答，答复（_____________）
reply to a question=answer a question
in reply to=in_______ to=in_________to作为对…的答复
make a reply(to sb)_______________in reply toreply to sb/sthanswerresponse答复（某人）1.在社交场合：___________________
2.在社交活动中：___________________
3.impress v.给…留下印象
1)be impressed with…_________________
2) make/leave a deep impression on sb ______
例：我对她的幽默感印象深刻。
她的幽默感给我留下了深刻印象。
4.prepare v.准备…, 为…..做准备
1) Prepare sb. for sth.____________________
prepare sb. to do sth.___________________
be prepared for sth./to do sth.__________
我们为未来做好了准备。_______________________________at social occasionsat a social event对…印象深刻 给某人留下深刻印象 I’m deeply impressed with her sense of humor.Her sense of humor left a deep impression on me.使某人为…做准备 使某人准备做某事 为….做好了准 备We are well prepared for the future.1.Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize?
1)避免做…._______________________
2. Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? ___________________________
lack the confidence to do_______
3 And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country?
_____________________________________
be nervous about…_________________
他对这次考试很紧张，以至于觉都睡不好。____________________________________
4. You needn’t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills.
_______________________________________avoid doing你想交更多朋友,但缺乏与不认识的人交谈的自信吗?缺乏自信做……对于在国外参加社交活动的想法,你会紧张吗?对…神经紧张 He is so nervous about this test that he can’t sleep well.如果你有好的社交技巧,你就不必为这样的情形担心.5 It helps if you do a little advance planning. _______________________
do an advance planning_________________
6 Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations.
_____________________________________
7.Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready.
.使….准备好___________________________
8. That way,you don’t damage your confidence.
9.交流是个双向的过程----它涉及了说和听。
10.保持得体的目光接触_________________提前做写准备,会对你有帮助的.提前做计划 聊天是很重要的,它使你为更多的严肃谈话做准备.有备无患!准备些低风险的开场白.have/make/get……..ready那样的话,你不会破坏你的自信.Communication is a two-way process—it involves speaking and listening.Keep good eye contact.11.不要把目光从跟你说话的人身上移开.
__________________________________
12. You mustn’t take flowers of a certain colour.
有位王先生在门口等你。
A certain Mr.Wang is waiting for you at the door.
由于某种原因，他出国了。
For some reason,he went abroad.
a certain+n.(单数)=some+n.(单数) _________
I read it in a certain magazine. ______________
Some boy is waiting for you at the gate. _____Don’t look away from the person who’s talking to you.你不可以带某种颜色的花.某个…..我在某本杂志上读过.某个男孩在门口等你.1.she often put foot in it.
2. to be polite and not to embarrass people
3. because she didn’t want to say her age.
4. she said she wasn’t pregnant.
5.her advice was very insensitive as she told him that his wife was a fool and no one liked her.
6. she wanted to know how much it cost.
7. he thought th office would be quieter without him.
8. she thought he was ugly.24. absence n. 缺乏,不存在
adj.__________(_______________)
1)The absence of air and water makes it impossible to live on the moon.
2)I’m just taking his place in his absence.____
3)He is absent from school today._________
4)be absent from_______________________ absent-minded___________
5)I’ll be in charge of the company during his absence from ZiBo.
6)I’ll be in charge of the company during his absence in Beijing.__________________absentbe absent from缺席….,不在….漫不经心的他在北京期间,我将负责公司的工作.26. coincidence n. 巧合
多巧的事啊!________________________
28. mature adj. 成熟的,成年人的
29. awkward adj. 尴尬的,笨拙的
30. tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄
32. contradict v. 反驳,抵触,矛盾
不要和你父亲犟嘴.
___________________________
33. pregnant adj. 怀孕
34. apology n. 道歉,致歉(动词_________)
1)我为我所做的向你道歉。_______________________________
2)为---向某人道歉 _______________ =
make an apology to sb. for sth.
3)实在抱歉, 这么晚给您打电话。
___________________________________What a coincidenceDon’t contradict your father.apologizeI apologize to you for what I have done .Apologise to sb for sthI apologize to you for phoning you so late.35. cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的
1)对….很谨慎___________________
2)留心,谨防..____________________
3)学生们在拼写时很谨慎,以免出错.
___________________________________
36. acquaintance n. 熟人
1)与某人有点头之交____________________
2)结识某人____________________________
I should be delighted to make his acquaintance.
At the hotel, I made the acquaintance of a young American actor
37. messy adj. 棘手的，难办的
mess n.混乱，大杂烩(______________)
1)P8.A man was going though a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.
Be cautious about…Be cautious of….The students are cautious of making mistakes in spelling.Have a nodding acquaintance with sb.Make the acquaintance of sbIn a mess有位男士正经历一次棘手的离婚，非常沮丧。她尽力地让他高兴起来。39. fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 v.愚弄，欺骗
make a fool of sb__________________.
Don’t be a fool!___________________
Don’t be fooled by him.______________
42. anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何
I will manage it anyhow (=anyway)
45. anniversary n. 周年纪念日
在..周年纪念日______________________
在结婚周年纪念日,他们举行了一个晚会.
_____________________________________
47. interrupt v. 打断愚弄某人别傻了。不要上他的当。on the anniversaryof…..They held a party on the anniversary of their wedding.1.至少___________, 最多___________
1 .Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it. __________________________
第一次见到他，我就爱上了他。________________________________
每一次迟到，他都要受到惩罚。___________________________
2 as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth.
__________________________________
as a consequence (of)= as a result (of)
由于生病，他缺席了会议。________________________________
他病了，因此，他没来出席会议。______________________at leastat most每次我一开口，就犯使人难堪的错误。The first time I saw him,I fell in love with him.Every time he was late,he would be punished.结果，每次她一开口，就经常犯错误。As a result of illness,he was absent from the meeting.He was ill.As a result,he didn’t attend the meeting.3.On another occasion,she teased a typist,” when’s your baby due?”
1)on another occasion______________
2)due_____________________
The rent is due tomorrow._________________
The train is due to arrive at 8.pm.___________
The delay is due to power failure.__________
4 she was never cautious about other people’s feelings._____________________________
be cautious about________________________
5 would rather+________或_______________
我宁愿不说出实情。_____________________
我宁愿昨天没来。______________________
父亲宁愿骑自车也不愿坐拥挤的公共汽车。 又一次，她取笑一位打字员，“你的孩子什么时候出生。”在另一次Adj 应到的，预期的，到期的，应支付的租金明天该交了。火车预计8点到.延期是因为停电.她从不关注别人的感受.对…谨慎do+that-从句(虚拟)I would rather not tell the truth.He would rather he hadn’t come.My father would rather ride the bike than take the crowded bus.6.增加体重____________,减肥_____________
在节食_______________
7.The trouble with her was she said what she thought.
8.阻止某人做某事_______________________
鼓励某人做…_________________________
9.She greeted the hostess.
greet v. 致意，打招呼，迎接
他跑下楼来迎接我。
人们举帽向女王致意
。
她上前来跟我打招呼。
10.Do you remember the guy you were dating?what happened to him?
date n.日期，约会（与某人约会_______________________）
v.与….约会.put on weightlose weighton a dietdiscourage sb from doing sthencourage sb to do sthHe ran downstairs to greet me.People raised their hats to greet the queen.She came up to greet us. make a date with sb11.marry vi.结婚（他直到40才结婚______________________________________
Vt.与….结婚(与某人结婚______________,_______________________)
Eg.Mary和John结婚3年了。
______________________________________He didn’t marry untill 40.marry sbbe/get married to sbMary and John have been married for 3 years.43. modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的,端庄的
modesty n __________
Modesty makes one to go forward,while conceit makes one lag behind.

49. secretive adj. 秘而不宣的，隐藏的
50. violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯,违反
1)The country violated the international agreement.
53. successful adj.成功的
54. imagine v. 想象(+doing, 或 +…to be….)
你能想象得到没有电的生活吗？
____________________________________谦虚谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后.Can you imagine living without electricity?55. purpose n. 目的
词组：故意，特意_____________
我是特意来看你的.______________________
56. circumstance n. 情形，情况
词组：在…情况下______________________
on purposeI came to see you on purpose.under/in the circumstances tMaking friends in the USA
Language points
1 when someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’ s speaking may be
be expected to do
希望，要求，指望
苹果的产量明年可望翻一翻。
The production of the apple is expected to be double next year.
希望你尽最大努力学习。
You are expected to try your best to study.
1.__________________对…秘而不宣,对…守口如瓶
2.敏感话题_____________________
对…很敏感______________________
3.But this doesn’t mean you are close friends.
4.Many people are friendly and hospitable.
5. If you are aware of cultural differences,they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions.In face,it’s a sign that they don’t wish to violate your private life.
6.如果你带头,他们会谈论更多的私人话题.
____________________________________
7. Isn’t she wonderful for her age?
1)对于她的年龄来说,她看起来年轻多了.
_____________________________________
2)It’s very hot____March. A.in B.for be secretive about.. be sensitive to.. sensitive topicsIf you take the lead,they will talk about more private matters.She looks much younger for her age.do well to do 做---明智（聪明）
在---方面做的
Do well in
show off
炫耀
多数小孩喜欢在客人前炫耀自己。
Many childen like to show off before the guests.
5 But what we don’t like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests
What we don’t like ，
是一个_主语______从句， 类似用法举例。1.It’s estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
eg.It’s said that he is a promising singer.-----改为:
It’s said that they have been traveling all over the world.----
It’s well-known that----
It’s reported that----- It’s believed that-----
据报道,大火造成了3百万元的巨大损失
2. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversation continues.________________
continuing with =_________________
不管发生什么，你都要继续自己的学习。______________________________He is said to be a promising singer.They are said to have been travelling all over the world.It’s reported that the fire caused great losses of 3 million yuan.go on with…No matter what will happen,you should continue with your study.3. At this point,the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful social technique, they found something they have in common at last.__________________________________
1)at this point____________
2)have-something/much/ little/ a little-- in common with sb.)____________
3)我们彼此毫无共同之处。_________________
4)in common with sb.___________
5)和多数科学家相同，他也喜欢音乐。这时,此时与…(没)有共同点We have nothing in common.与…一样In common with many scientists,he also likes music.