Unit 4 Earthquakes
A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep
I. Learning Target：
1. 学习内容：Pre-reading; Reading and comprehending
2. 学习目标：
1. 能力目标
1) 能够用思维导图形式罗列出地震发生时的各种现象，并对这些现象进行分类。
2）通过快速阅读能够迅速查找到文章段落中的主要信息，并能对这些主要信息进行复述，进而总结归纳出文章的大意。
3）通过仔细阅读能够运用图示来说明段落中支撑句和主题句之间的关系，并能根据自己所画出的图示来复述文章的主要内容。
4）运用英汉语言之间的对比了解定语从句在英语和汉语中不同的表达方式。
2. 语言目标
词汇和短语目标
well, pipe, burst, million, event, as if, at an end, nation, canal, stream, dirt, in ruins, suffering, extreme, brick, dam, track, useless, shock, quake, rescue, trap, electricity, dig out, bury, mine, miner, shelter
重点句子
It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
A huge crack that was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead..
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
II. Learning procedures.
Step 1 Practice before Class:
Sentence Translation.
他梦想有朝一日能成为一个足球明星。
___________________________________________________________________________
她一旦决定做某事，没人能说服她放弃。
___________________________________________________________________________
Step 2 skimming
Task 1: How many parts this passage can be divided into? Sum up the main idea of each part then. (use one word to describe)
Para 1: __________________
Para 2: __________________
Para 3: __________________
Task 2: find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Paragraph
Topic sentence
1
2
3
4
Step 3: scanning：Answer the questions: choices
①. what is the most probable reason why these signs weren’t noticed before quakes?
People thought these signs were so common.
People paid no attention to these signs because they had little knowledge about earthquakes.
Because they were so tired after a day’s hard work.
They had never seen these signs, so they didn’t know what would happen.
②. Why were so many people killed in Tang Shan earthquake?
At that time an earthquake could not be precisely predicted.
People were not told beforehand that a big earthquake would happen.
The big earthquake happened suddenly in the deep night.
People took no notice of these disasters.
③. What situation probably made the disaster worse?
The destructions by the second attack later that afternoon.
The rescuers arrived so late after the quake.
People in the quake area would not save by themselves.
People didn’t know any about first aid.
④. Which of the following didn’t happen before the earthquake?
A. The water in the well rose and fell.
B. There was a smelly gas coming out of the cracks.
C. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.
D. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
⑤. What can we learn from the text?
A. Two-thirds of the nation felt the earthquake.
B. Both human beings and animals suffered from the earthquake.
C. In five seconds Tangshan was in ruins.
D. Altogether three big quakes happened in Tangshan on July 28, 1976.
⑥. The meaning of “lay in ruins” in paragraph 2 is ____________.
A. was totally destroyed.
B. lay in bed.
C. was hurt.
D. was out of control
⑦. According to the passage, which statement of the following is true?
People noticed the strange things and paid special attention to them.
The earthquake killed 400,000 people.
Hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were destroyed.
People could get clean water and enough electricity immediately after the earthquake.
Step 4: detailed reading
Task 1: matches （para 1）
1. The chickens didn’t eat because
2. The people didn’t worry because
3. Such a great number of people died because
4. Water was needed because
5. The people did not lose hope because
A. the army came to help them.
B. the quake happened while they were sleeping.
C. they were nervous.
D. dams and wells were useless.
E. they didn’t know what the strange events meant.
Task 2: Fill in the blanks
Main Idea
Details
?signs before
Earthquake
Para.1
______ things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.
The water in the wells ______ and _______.
A ________ gas came out of the cracks.
The chickens and pigs were too ________
to _______.
Fish ________out of the bowls and ponds.
Mice ________ out of the fields.
At _________ am on July 28, 1976, people saw __________ in the sky.
Damage
caused by
earthquake
Para. 2-3
At ________ am, the __________earthquake of the 20th century began.
_________ burst from holes in the ground.
Hard hills of the rock became rivers of _______.
______ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
Two ________ and most of the bridges fell.
The railway tracks were now ______ pieces of _________.
_________ now filled the wells instead of water.
Para. 2-3 Data(数据)
Task 3: Sentence translation （para 4）
All hope was not lost.
_____________________________________________________________________
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
_____________________________________________________________________
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
_____________________________________________________________________
Task 4: True or false questions:
①People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t’t go to bed that night.
② People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.
③More than 400,000 people were killed in the quake.
④Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.
⑤ People tried to get fresh water from under the ground in Tangshan.
Step 5: Post-reading:
Task1: Retell the story according to the text.
Strange things happened in _________. For three days, water in the wells ____ and ____. From the _____ smelly gas came out. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became ________At 3 am, everything began to _____. It seemed that the world was _________. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack cut across the city. The city lay in ______. __________ of the people died or were injured. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. People began to wonder____ ______ the disaster would last. But all hope was not lost. _______ came to help those survivors. Slowly the city began to _________ again.
Task 2: Discussion
What shall we do if an earthquake happens?
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
19. 状语从句
19.1 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
课件27张PPT。Earthquakes执教者: 平怀林
深圳市宝安高级中学Unit 4Self-introductionBen
Shenzhen Bao’an Senior High School
Traveling
England
Australia
The USA, Hawaii (夏威夷),People wait in line for food at a roadside chicken stand(货摊 ) in Hawaii(夏威夷), Sunday, Oct. 15, 2006, after an earthquake shook the big island of Hawaii causing power failures (引起停电)and forcing (迫使)restaurants and other shops to close. Natural Disasters （灾难 ）typhoonfloodDrought(干旱)Fire Which disaster may
cause the worst damage? earthquakeReading A NIGHT THE EARTH
DIDN’T SLEEPCan you imagine what the story is about?Scan and answer1. When and where did the earthquake happen?
Tangshan, Hebei; July 28th, 1976 2. What was the epicenter(中心) of the earthquake?
Eleven kilometers directly below the city 3. The people did not lose hope because_____?
the army came to help them rose and fell.Well wallstoo nervous to eatjumped out of the bowls and pondsMicePeoplecould be heard outside Tangshan .Water pipesRead Para 1 and finish the table At 3:42 am everything began to shake. ______ seemed that the world was at an ________! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the ______ (twenty) century began. It was heard in Beijing, ________ is one hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres ______ and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst ________ holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ______(lie) in ruins（成废墟 ）. Two-thirds of the people died or were ________ during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left _________ parents. The ________ of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Itend20thwhichlongfromlayinjuredwithout numberRead the 2nd Para and fill in the blanks.The survivors（幸存者） could not believe that they were still alive.
Besides all the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories, buildings and homes were destroyed（破坏） in the quake.
Two dams (大坝)fell and 90 % of the bridges were not safe for traveling.
People couldn’t use the railway tracks any more.
10,000 cows would never give milk again.Tell “true or false” according to Para 3.The wells were now filled with sand instead of water.
Later that afternoon, Tangshan was hit by another big quake.
All the rescue（搭救） workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
More buildings fell down, and water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
People knew the disaster would end soon because a lot of people came to help.Which is not true according to the passage?
A. Soldiers were sent to help the rescue workers.
B. Teams were organized to dig out the trapped people and to bury the dead.
C. Shelters（避难所） were built for all the survivors to live in.
D. Slowly, the city came back to life again.Answer the question according to Para 4Group workYou are a group of reporters from different news media, such as, China Daily, Guang Zhou Daily, CCTV, Guang Ming Daily, or People’s Daily. You are going to interview the survivors in the earthquake. Make a discussion about the questions you are going to ask.For Group 1You are a group of survivors in the earthquake in Tangshan. A group of reporters want to interview you. Make a discussion and get ready for any questions they will ask. You may write down some information.
For Group 2--5:Group workAdditional readingRead the news and finish the table:Taiwan
Tuesday, September 21, 1999
Magnitude(震级):7.6
Aftershocks: Two aftershocks of 6.8 and 6.1 magnitude struck on Wednesday, September 22, in addition to the thousands that shook the region shortly after the earthquake. There were concerns of a tsunami(海啸) for Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines.
Casualties(伤亡人数): as of Wednesday, September 22, more than 1,800 people were dead and another 4,000 were injured. An earthquake①News No. 1earthquakeTaiwanTuesday, September 21, 1999more than 1800 dead; 4000 injuredItaly
1966
After a heavy rainfall, the Arno River overflowed, flooding the streets of Florence. Many great works of art in the museums were damaged, as was the architecture of the city. In two days, more than 100 people died and the city was covered with half a million tons of mud and waste water.A flood②A floodItaly1966More than 100 people died.News No. 2Northern China
1959-61
The world's deadliest famine killed an estimated 30 million people in China. Drought was followed by crop failure, which was followed by starvation(饿死 ) and disease. News of the famine was not made known to the rest of the world until 1981, some 20 years later.Droughts and Famines(饥荒) ③Droughts and FaminesNorthern China1959-61killed an estimated 30 millionNews No. 3Homework1.Surf the internet to know more about earthquakes.
2.Finish the comprehending exercises on page 27.
Crack n. 裂缝Well n. 水井Pond n. 池塘Canal n. 运河课件27张PPT。Unit7(10.22)
through postcard
asleep during
night awake
talk boss
polar bear fur1. But the one million people of the city , ______ thought little of these events were asleep as usual that night.3.A huge crack ______ was more than 8 kilometers long and thirty wide cut across houses, roads and canals.2. It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than 200 kilometres awaywhowhichthat4. The number of people _______ were killed or injured reached more than 400,00.
5.It was a city ________ hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.whowhose7. The army organized teams to dig out those _______were trapped and to bury the dead.8. Workers built shelters for survivors _______homes had been destroyed.whowhose
You are smart students.
She is a beautiful girl.
This is an interesting book.
→You are students who are smart.
→She is a girl who is
beautiful.→This is a book
which is interesting.
Grammar 定语从句 The Attributive Clause Grammar (5m)
Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.Rosethe lady/meet Jack on TitanicRose is
met Jack on TitanicJackthe young man /want to save Rosethe man /want to kill JackCalJack is
wanted to save RoseCal is wanted to kill Jack.the lady whothe young man whothe man whothe ship/sink into the oceanthe ship/is the most beautiful
in the world at that time Titanic is
sank into the ocean.Titanic is
was the most beautiful in the word at that time.the ship thatthe ship thatthe Heart of Oceanthe diamond/is worn by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was worn by Rose.the diamond/is dropped
into the ocean by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was dropped into the ocean by Rose the diamond
thatthe diamond that
Unit8(10.23)
hide understand
strong hippo
dangerous turn over
boat gorilla
leaf climb
定语从句就是在句子中起定语作用的从句。它通常修饰某一名词或代词，有时还能修饰整个主语或主句的一部分。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词一般紧接在先行词之后；因而定语从句一般放在它所修饰的先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等；
关系副词：where,when,why, 等。
A: Look at the cat!
B: Which cat?
A: The cat that is fighting with the cock.
A: Where is the mouse?
B:Which mouse?
A:The mouse that was on the head of the cat.引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that which who whom whose关系代词除了代替先行词并在从句中担任一定成分外，还将它所引导的定语从句与其先行词联系在一起。 1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主语）2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（宾语）3)Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.（主语）4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’sister.（宾语） 2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1) They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (主语 )3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语） 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （宾语） 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of . that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。NOTEWhere is the dog?
Which dog?
The dog that chased the cat.
Which the cat?
The cat that chased the rat.
Which the rat?
The rat that ate the cheese.I am asking about the dog that chased the cat that chased the rat that ate the cheese.Are you clear now? OK . Let’s do some exercise!Function-I----practice (3m)3. The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose1. The earthquake___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We don’t know the number of people ____________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquakethat / which that / who which /that 5. Harry is the boy ________ mother is our maths teacher .4. A house ____________ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. which / thatwhoseAnswer keys for “Discovering useful structures”Ex. 2 on Page 291 whose
2 who
3 that
4 which/that
5 whose
6 whose
7 who
8 whoseFunction-II----practice (2m)课件29张PPT。Reading A NIGHT
THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPFast reading What does the passage mainly talk about?An earthquake happened
in Tangshan in 1976Sum up the main idea of each part of the passage.
(use one word to describe)Part 1: para 1Part 2: para 2&3Part 3: para 4signsdamagerecoverySum up the main idea of each paragraph.
(use one word to describe it)signsdamagesrecoveryPara1Para 2&3Para 4Detail reading signs
before
Earthquake Para.1Fill in the blanksStrangerosefellsmellynervouseatjumpedran3:00bright lightsDamage
caused by
earthquakePara. 2-3Fill in the blanks3:42greatestSteamdirtBricksdamsuselesssteelSandelectricityData(数据) of the nation felt the earthquake .
A huge crack that was kilometres long and
metres wide cut across houses.
In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .
All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para. 2-3Tang shan’s new lookHomework1.Surf the internet to find more information about earthquakes.
2.Finish the “learning about language” part on page 27.
3.Finish exercise 1 on page 63.1. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (Para 1, Line 1)
rise(rose,risen) vi
(1)go up; get higher; (of the sun, moon, stars,etc.)
(2)stand up , get out of bed
Eg:她早上起床很早。(1)She usually rises early in the morning.rise & raiserise: 升起； 上升； 上涨（不能用于被动语态）
raise: 举起 ； 使升起； 提高（可用于被动语态）
He raised a heavy box over his head.
Food prices are still rising.
Eg:(1)他把一个重箱子举过头顶。（2）食物的价格仍在上涨2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (Para 1, Line 3)
smelly adj. 发臭的
wind----windy dream----dreamy ice----icy
too···to ·····＝so that
This book is too difficult for me to understand.
=This book is so difficult that I can not understand.
Eg:这本书对我来说太难了，我不能理解.3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (Para 1, L6)
burst (burst, burst)
e.g. burst into tears
burst out laughing
a burst of laughter/applause
4．But the one million people of the city ,who thought little of these events were asleep as usual that night.
as usual 照常，惯常
但是，唐山市的一百万句居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。Shake : vi /vt (shook ,shaken)
Shake hands with sb
Shake one’s head
使用前请摇匀瓶内物质。
Shake the bottle before use.
主人跟各位来宾握了手。
The host shook hands with all the guests.
什么都不能动摇我们战胜困难的决心。
Nothing can shake our determination to overcome the difficulty.
5. It seems as if the world was at an end.6. One-third of the nation felt it .全国1/3的地方都有震感。4. The suffering of the people was extreme.人们遭受的灾难极为深重。7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay
in ruins
Some of rescue workers and doctors were trapped under ruins.
8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. (para 2, Line 6)
injure : v. to hurt oneself /sb /sth physically受伤
e.g. 吸烟有害健康。
Smoking will injure your health.
two-thirds
分子用基数（one， two…)，分母用序数词(first, second…..)，当分子超过1时，分母的词尾加s
1/6 one-sixth
1/3 one-third
2/3 two-thirds
9.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
the number of : a quantity of people or things.
a number of : a lot of
reach(v) to achieve or obtain sth.
达成（某事物）；达到，获得
最后我们作了一致决定。
e.g. At last we reached a decision.
destroy: v. to damage sth badly; ruin
e.g. 一颗原子弹能摧毁一座城市。
An atom bomb would destroy a city.
他所有的希望都破灭了。
All his hopes are destroyed.
6. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind,however,could blow them away.
leaf leaves残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地,然而它们是
不可能被风吹走的。
All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all not = not all;
8. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.9. Slowly , the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。breathe v.她仍在呼吸着。She is still breathing.breath n.You can see people’s breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。Answer keys for “learning about language” on Page 28
useless
nation
a number of
dirt
at an end
extreme
right away
steam
shock
track
rescue
ruinAnswer keys for “learning about language” on Page 28
burst
destroyed
ruins
trapped
wells
injured
shocked
bury Answer keys for “using words and expressions” on Page 28
as usual
pipes
disaster
were trapped
quakes
destroyed
a great number of
Homework
Preview “The Attributive Clause” on page90
Finish the exercise2 on page291. But the one million people of the city , ______ thought little of these events were asleep as usual that night.3.A huge crack ______ was more than 8 kilometers long and thirty wide cut across houses, roads and canals.2. It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than 200 kilometres awaywhowhichthat4. The number of people _______ were killed or injured reached more than 400,00.
5.It was a city ________ hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.whowhose7. The army organized teams to dig out those _______were trapped and to bury the dead.8. Workers built shelters for survivors _______homes had been destroyed.whowhoseTeaching Design For SB1B L73
Designing Principles
1
The authenticity principle
2
The form-fun_ction principle
3
The task dependency principle
4
Learning by doing and for using
Objectives and Goals
1
To train the students in their communicative language competence (socio-linguistic, discourse, strategic as well as speaking and writing)
2
To formulate their own idea in different ways
3
To go over some words about jobs
Focal Points
1
I’m sure that…
4
It seems that…
2
I think that…
5
I believe that …
3
I guess…
6
In my opinion, …
Teaching aids
Computer, Multimedia, Internet resources
Teaching methods
Task-Based language teaching
Situational communicational
Heuristic
Teacher
Baoan Senior High School Ping Huailin
Teaching procedure
Warming up and Revision：Going over some names of jobs
Self-introduction
Group work: A word puzzle. All these words are about jobs. Divide the class into two parts—boys and girls. Each group will choose one student to come to the front of the classroom standing with his or her back to the wall. All the other students can see some words one by one on the slide. Anybody can explain those words in English or by gestures. For example, driver ( a person who drives a car, or gesture ), police, officer，engineer，soldier，doctor，farmer，scientist，athlete，nurse，driver，worker and so on. If you can’t guess what the word is, say “Pass”. The group of students who win will get a good present. ( A dictionary )
Ask what jobs they want to do in the future. Why？“I am sure each of you has your own idea. That’s good. From now on you must work hard and I believe your dream will come true in the future.
In this unit-- Unit19，we’ll talk about jobs. Show the topic.
Ask, “Do you want to know what jobs men and women do in Britain？
Task 1 Watch, listen and then answer questions
1.Watch the video of the dialogue and find answers to the questions：
Is there anything that women can’t do?
Why do some companies like to employ women workers？”
2.Check the answers：
No, there isn’t.
Because men’s hands and fingers are too big！
3.Watch the video again, and then work in pairs asking each other more questions.
1) What jobs do women do in Britain? （All kinds of jobs. There are women police officers，women doctors，engineers，teachers and farmers.）
2) Are there any jobs which women don’t do? （I don’t think there are. But there are more men than women scientists and more men than women are heads of companies.）
3) Do you think it’s more difficult for women to get to the top of a company？Why？
(Yes, I think so. Because women are looked down upon. They are not treated as equally as men.)
4) Do you think it is fair? (No, I don’t think so.)
5) Are there any jobs that men can’t do very well? (Yes, there are.)
6) What kind of factories prefer to employ women? Why? (Companies that make telephones and computers prefer to employ women. Because men’s hands and fingers are too big. They can’t pick up the small pieces with their fingers.
Task 2 Make up a dialogue and act it out
Make up a dialogue according to the following question and then act it out in class.
What do you think about the work which men and women do in China？
(Five or four sentences are OK. They have two minutes to get ready.)
Task 3 Brainstorm
Ask, “What sentence patterns do we often use when we want to express our ideas?”
a．It seems that +clause
b．I believe that +clause
c．I think that +clause
d．I guess
e．I’m sure that +clause
f．In my opinion
Task 4 Memory Game
Choose three boys and three girls. Each of them will choose a partner. They stand on the two sides of the classroom. The teacher will show the three students a sentence and they have to remember them and then run to their partners to tell them the sentence in a low voice. Their partners have to write down the sentence.
Check the sentences they have written. Another three will do the same.
All the students choose their partners. One of them turns back. The other reads the sentence on the slide and then read it to his or her partner. Check the answer. “It seems that Mr Ben will ask us to make another sentence.” Change their parts. “No, I’m sure he will arrange for us to do a competition.”
Task 5 Discussion
Four students discuss about the following situations.
2、Divide the class into groups of four students. Each student in has to say a sentence about the following information. It is good to use one of the sentence patterns if possible.
Information 1、After seeing the film, “Hero”, some of your classmates are sure that it is the best film they have ever seen, some think that it is worth seeing twice, others think that it is not interesting at all. Those who have not seen the film guess that it is a good film.
Information 2、As is known to all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. It is said that half of the people in Beijing can speak English by then. Some of you believe it will happen, some of you think it is impossible while others are not sure about that. In some students’ opinions, maybe it will happen and maybe it will not.
Summarize what has been learned in this class.
Homework
1、Talk to your classmates about what you want to be when you grow up after class.
2、Get ready for lesson 74
课件11张PPT。EarthquakeWarming up-I----sharing (2m)firetyphoonfloodSARS/ Spring 2003 The World Trade Center was destroyed/ 2001.9.11Earthquake / break out/1976/ TangshanFlood /1998 / South ChinaNatural DisasterstyphoonflooddroughtearthquakeHow much do you know about an earthquake?Many people died……People lost their homes…. Many things were destroyed…..Pre-reading----discussion (2m)Tangshan,
HebeiJuly 28th, 1976How to protect yourself during an earthquake?Discussion Don’t be nervous and keep calm.
Don’t try to run out of the classroom.
Protect your head by putting your bag on your head.
Squat or sit down under your desk.
Leave the classroom after the earthquake.书面表达中的句子结构透视与训练
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语句子的构成有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。 一、 简单句的五种基本句型 句子用词准确、合乎语法规范是一篇文章最起码的要求。英语句子虽然千变万化，但就一个简单句来说，其基本结构不外乎以下五种： 1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语 系动词 表语 The city will become rich. 主语 系动词 表语 在这类结构中最常用的系动词是be, look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来，感到），seem（似乎，好象），appear（显得，好象），remain（仍是），keep（保持），become（变得，成为）turn（变得，成为），get（变得），go（变得）等表示状态和变化的词。 2．主语 + 谓语 Building has started. 主语 谓语 The train leaves at 7:40. 主语 谓语 该句型中的谓语为不及物动词。谓语动词的前面根据需要还可加上适当的情态动词或助动词。如果多个谓语动词并列，可用and, but等并列连词将它们连接起来。 谓语动词在人称和数上须与主语保持一致。 3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 Few students like taking exams. 主语 谓语 宾语 动词后接宾语时应该用及物动词，若动词不及物则须在动词后再加上合适的介词。 4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 A car factory will bring the province more jobs. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 此句型中的及物动词须跟两个宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。间接宾语可以放在直接宾语的前面，也可放在直接宾语的后面，但间接宾语放在后面时需在其前面加上适当的介词。例：A car factory will bring more jobs to the province. 可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise等。 5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 The villagers didn’t allow them to do this. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I will keep the box in the shade. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 该句型中的“宾语 + 宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”，其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 可接复合宾语的常见动词有：ask, tell, find, help, like, allow, take, make, let, have（使得）, force（强迫）, call, advise, persuade（劝服）, watch, see, hear, feel（认为，觉得）, consider（认为）, choose, elect（选）等。 上面句型中只列出了句子的主要成分，事实上，句子中还常常有定语、状语和同位语等修饰语，有时还有不充当句子成分的插入语等。例： Professor Wang bought a new computer at a high price. 定语 状语 在句子中，不同的句子成分对词性有不同的要求。主语、宾语和同位语一般由名词、代词、动名词和动词不定式充当；谓语一般由动词充当；表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和插入语一般由动词以外的词或短语充当。 一般来讲，一个句子至少具有一个主语和一个谓语（或系表结构），但在上下文中有时可能会有省略现象。省略后的句子可能会缺少包括主语、谓语在内的一些句子成分。祈使句中的主语按要求也是应该舍去的。例： “Do give her my regards.” “Of course I will.” 第一句是祈使句，动作执行人you已经舍去。第二句是省略句，根据上句I will后省略了give her your regards。 以上主要介绍的是简单句的基本句型，除简单句外，还有并列复合句和主从复合句等句式，但这些复合句实际上是由若干个简单句通过连词连接起来的，因此，写作复合句时仍可遵循简单句的结构形式。 练习：用括号内所提示的基本句型将下列句子译成英语，需要的话可加上适当的修饰语或插入语。 1． 你的故事听起来很有趣。（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 2． 我感到有一点累。（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 3． 我妹妹是在农村长大的。（主语 + 谓语） 4． 这家医院创建于1950年。（主语 + 谓语） 5． 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语） 6． 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语） 7． 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 8． 下学期谁教你们生物？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 9． 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语） 10．什么促使你这样想的？（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语） 参考答案： 1. Your story sounds very interesting. 2. I felt a bit tired. 3. My younger sister grew up in the country. 4. This hospital was set up in 1950. 5. He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast. 6. He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly. 7. By the way, has she paid you the money? 8. Who will teach you biology next term? 9. He always keeps his bedroom clean. 10. What made you think so? 二、 表达不同功能的常见句式 英语句型丰富多彩，学习、掌握和运用表达不同功能的若干常见句式，有助于我们造出许许多多地道、生动的英语句子。现将中学课本中表达不同功能的常见句式归纳如下： 1．There be句型及其扩展形式 表示“存在” There stands a big tree at the end of the river. There used to be a temple（庙）in the town. 2．It is(was) + 被强调部分 + that(who) … 表示“强调” It is I who am going to give you a talk. 3．What + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓结构/How + 形容词或副词 + 主谓结构/How + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主谓结构/ How + 主谓结构 + 其它 表示“感叹” What a lovely day it is today! How clever a boy he is! 4．祈使句 + and + 简单句 祈使句表示“条件” Think hard, and you will find a better way. 5．to…/in order to…/so as to…/so that…/in order that… 表示“目的” They planted trees in order to keep the soil on the hills. Water the plants so that they will grow. 6．so…that…/such…that…/so…as to…/…enough to…/too…to… 表示“结果” The suit was so expensive that he could not buy it. He is strong enough to carry the box upstairs. 7．it 作形式主语的句型 It takes an hour to go there by bus. It’s very clear that the earth is round. 8．it作形式宾语的句型 I feel it my duty to help others. We think it no use talking without doing. 9．数词 + 名词 + 形容词 表示“程度” I hope for a stick about one metre long. He was ten minutes late for the meeting. 10．What (How) about…? /How is…?/What is …. like?/How do you like…?/What do you think of…? 表示“征询意见” What about the rest of us having a rest? What did you think of the film? 11．What’s wrong (the matter, the trouble) with…?/What happened to…?/What is going on here?/Is there anything wrong with…? 表示“关切” What’s wrong with your radio? 12．What is the price of…?/How much is…(worth)?/How much(What) does…cost? 询问“价钱” What does a new evening dress cost? 13．It takes sb some time to do sth./Sb spends some time or some money on sth./Sb spends some time or some money (in) doing sth./Sth costs sb some money (to do)./Sb pays sb else some money for sth (to do sth). 表示“花费” The watch cost me eighty yuan (to buy). 14．It is time for sth./It is time to do sth./It is time that… 意为“该是……的时候了” It’s time for lunch（to have lunch）. 15．Shall we do sth?/Will you do sth?/Shall he do sth? 表示“提议或请求” Shall we begin now? Will you give us a hand? 16．Why not do sth?/Why do sth? 前者表示“提议”，后者表示“责备” Why not do some shopping? Why look at me like that? 17．not…until…/Not until…/It is not until…that… 意为“直到……才……” Not until 11 o’clock last night did he go to bed. 18．had better(not)… 意为“最好（不）……” You’d better take a raincoat with you. 19． would rather…than…/would…rather than…/prefer to …than…/prefer…to… 表示“抉择” I would rather stay at home than go and watch the match. 20．It is (has been) some time since…/Some time has (have) passed since… 意为“自从……以来已有多长时间” It’s two years since he set up his company. 21．long before…/It is long before…/It is not long before… 意为“在……以前很久/时间很久才……/时间不长就……” It will not be long before it begins to snow. 22．no sooner…than…/hardly…when… 意为“一……就……” Hardly had we got to the cinema when the film began. 23．so + 助动词、情态动词或系动词 + 主语/neither(nor) + 助动词、情态动词或系动词 + 主语 前者意为“……也如此”，后者意为“……也不” He took a taxi there, and so did I. 24．not…but… 意为“不是……而是……” He wanted to learn not the violin, but the guitar. 25．I wonder if(when, how, why)… 意为“我不知道……” I wonder why he did so without being asked. 练习：用括号内所提示的句型将下列句子译成英语。 1． 你最好能允许他呆在这儿。（you had better） 2．为了提高（improve）他的英语口语水平，他每天下午都到语言实验室去进行练习（in order to） 3． 到上个月他才建起自己的实验室。(not …until) 4． 贝蒂长大后想做导游，我也是。（so + 助动词、情态动词或系动词 + 主语） 5． 去年这个地区雨水很少，以致村民们不得不从井里抽水。（so…that） 6． 我们的暑假过得多愉快啊，一课都没上。（感叹句） 7．我们用一首英文歌曲来开始我们的聚会，好吗？（what about） 8．依我看这里的黑土至少有120公分深。（数词 + 名词 + 形容词） 9．我想这些骨头很容易被弄成粉末。（it作形式宾语） 10．该是熄灯睡觉的时候了。（It’s time…） 参考答案： 1. You’d better allow him to stay here. 2. In order to improve his spoken English, he goes to the sound lab to practise it every afternoon. 3. He didn’t set up a lab of his own until last month. 4. Betty hopes to be a guide when she grows up, and so do I. 5. There was so little rain in this area last year that the villagers had to pump water from wells. 6. How happy we were in our summer vocation without any classes！ 7. What about beginning our party with an English song? 8. In my opinion, the black soil here is at least 120 centimetres deep. 9. I think it easy to make the bones into powder. 10. It’s time to turn off the light and go to bed. 三、 主要动词的习惯搭配 英语中的习惯搭配是是英语国家人民在长期的生产、生活过程中逐渐积累、完善而成的，它有结构固定、意义简明的特点。在平时学习中，同学们必须牢记某些常见词汇，尤其是常见动词的习惯搭配方式，深刻理解其含义。现将课本中常见动词的习惯搭配方式列举如下。 1. give,offer,take,leave,pass,hand,show,lend,send,return,sell,tell,teach,pay等 + sth + to sb 2. buy, get, make, cook, save, find, draw, build, keep等 + sth + for sb 3. thank, praise, criticize（批评）,punish等 + sb + for（doing）sth 4. agree with sb同意某人的意见/agree to sth同意某一建议、计划、安排等/agree on sth在……方面达成一致意见/agree that…同意…… 5. ask sb for sth向某人……讨要……/ask sb to do sth请某人做某事 6. dress sb in…给……穿……衣服/be（get）dressed in…穿 ……衣服 7. explain to sb sth=explain sth to sb向某人解释某事 8. fail（in）an exam考试不及格/fail to do sth没能干什么 9. feed sb on（with）sth=feed sth to sb用……喂养……，给……吃……/feed on sth靠吃……为生 10. find sth发现（找到）……/find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：发现什么怎么样/find it +宾语补足语 + 真正宾语：发现什么怎么样 11. try to do sth努力去做某事/try doing sth尝试做某事 12. forget sth忘记某事/forget to do sth忘记去做某事/forget doing sth忘记做了某事/forget + 从句：忘记…… 13. sth happened发生了什么事/happen to sb某人发生了什么事/happen to do sth碰巧做某事，偶然发生某事/It happened that…碰巧怎么样 14. help sb with sth=help sb (to)do sth帮助某人做某事 15. hope for sth希望得到某物（不可说hope sth）/hope to do sth希望做某事（不可说hope sb to do sth）/hope that…希望怎么样 16. wish for sth希望得到某物/wish sb…祝愿某人……/wish to do sth希望做某事/wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事/wish that…希望怎么样 17. join …加入……/join …in doing sth参加……干某事 18. keep+名词：保持……/keep+形容词或分词：保持怎么样/keep sb或sth+宾语补足语：使……处于某种状态/keep (on) doing sth始终做某事/keep…from doing sth阻止……做某事 19. leave…离开……/leave for去……/leave…for…离开……去……/leave sb或sth+宾语补足语：使……处于某种状态 20. like sth喜欢……/like about sth喜欢关于……/like doing sth喜欢做某事=like to do sth喜欢做某事/like sb to do sth喜欢某人做某事 21. Would you mind doing sth? 你介意……？/Would you mind if…?你介意……？ 22. seem + 形容词 = seem + 动词不定式 = it seems that…似乎怎么样 23. stop…让……停下来/stop doing sth停止做某事/stop to do sth停下来做某事/stop…from doing sth阻止……做某事 24. supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb向某人提供某物 25. do sb the favour to do sth = do sb a favour by doing sth劳驾某人做某事 练习：根据括号内的提示词语将下列句子译成英语。 1．你用什么喂鹦鹉？（feed） 2．如果你觉得物理难学，可以请吉姆帮助你。（find +复合宾语, ask…for） 3 他们继续抽着烟，就好象什么也没发生过似的。（go on, smoke, as if, nothing, happen） 4．我到达医院的时候，医生碰巧正在给我妈妈做手术。（happen to, operate） 5．奶牛为我们提供牛奶。（supply…with） 6．他向我解释了他化学考试没有及格的原因。（explain, fail） 7．他希望我到机场为她送行。（hope, see…off） 8．我们得想个办法不让煤气外溢。（stop…from） 9．你将因为你的粗心而受到惩罚。（punish, carelessness） 10．他们似乎在那个项目上意见是一致的。（it seems that, agree） 参考答案： 1. What do you feed the parrot on (with)?/What do you feed to the parrot? 2. If you find physics difficult to learn, you can ask Jim for help. 3. They went on smoking as if nothing had happened. 4. When I arrived at the hospital, the doctors happened to be operating on my mother. 5. Cows supply us with milk./Cows supply milk to us. 6. He explained to me why he had failed (in) the chemistry exam./He explained to me why he had failed to pass the chemistry exam. 7. He hoped that I could go to the airport to see her off. 8. We must find a way to stop gas from running out. 9. You will be punished for your carelessness. 10. It seems that they have agreed on the programme. 上面所述的三个结构不是每个句子都会同时涉及到的，即使同时涉及也往往是相互协调的，并不矛盾。例：Will you pass me the tape?该句基本句型为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”，句式为表示请求的句型“Will you…?”动词搭配为pass sb sth。
课件19张PPT。Unit9(10.21)
skate enjoy
writer around
world still
princess chase
harbour prison
Unit10(10.22)
the UK the US
Canada Australia
France NewYork
Sydney America
England Chinese
Unit12(10.24)
collect learn
popular country
foreign interesting
animal expensive
worth mistake
upside down
定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做 ，修饰一个 或 ， 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即 。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（ 或 ）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。定语名词代词先行词关系代词关系副词when, where, why等。
关系副词有：关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
The man has charming eyes named Rain.
Rain有一双迷人的眼睛.
(who/that在从句中作主语）
The man I saw yesterday is Jay.
我昨天见的人是Jay。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
who/thatwhom/ that2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
My dog, temper is very uncertain, often bites passers-by.我的狗的脾气变化无常，经常咬过路的人
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water. (主语 )她们种植的那些树不需要太多的水。
The fish which /that we bought were not fresh. （宾语）
我们买的鱼不太新鲜。whose关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义
相当于“介词+ which”结构，
因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，
例如：Do you remember the afternoon when (on which) we first met three years ago?
你还记得三年前前面初次见面的那个下午吗？
Shenzhen is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) she refused my love?
这就是她拒绝我的爱理由吗？关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
When ：时间状语 (in /on which)
Where：地点状语(in/at which)
Why ：原因状语(for which)
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
that和why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that,why 不可。
例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。
误： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.
正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。
误： He didn't pass the exam， that disappointed me.
正： He didn't pass the exam， which disappointed me.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
析：先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。
析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。 The judge gave the prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who just won the competition.
The judge gave the prize to the cyclist who just won the competition and congratulated to him.The title of this book is: “ The Ship Buried at the Bottom of the Sea” .The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.The reporter realized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the questions.The fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here.The sudden burst of the balloon shocked me.
The balloon burst suddenly and we were shocked by it.I can’t express how I feel at the moment/right now.He refused to talk about the sufferings he had during the disaster.When he wakes up every morning, he will read the headlines in the newspaper very quickly.英语的五种基本类型主语+系动词+表语
主语+不及物动词+（状语）
主语+及物动词+宾语+（状语）
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
上面所举是广义的谓语。狭义的谓语只将动词（或短语动词）看作谓语。
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是be, look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来，感到），seem（似乎，好象），appear（显得，好象），remain（仍是），keep（保持），become（变得，成为）turn（变得，成为），get（变得），go（变得）等表示状态和变化的词。 主语+系动词+表语
1.Air is a mixture.空气是混合物。
2.The moon looks like a plate.
月亮看起来象一个盘子。
The weather continued fine.
天气继续晴朗。主语+不及物动词+（状语）
The sun disappeared.
The storm lasted an hour.
主语+及物动词+宾语+（状语）
They finished their homework.
They finished their homework in time.
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些动词如：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise等，接双宾语。
They sent us a telegram.(间接宾语是us)
She gave her parrot some food.(间接宾语是her parrot)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
We call her Jane.
They asked the doctor to come.
