2018中考英语题型专项训练课件：完形填空

课件41张PPT。完形填空2018中考英语题型
专项训练中考完形填空试题说明
完形填空：共10小题，每小题1分。在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
本部分所需时间约为5-10分钟左右。 完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题。
所选题材多样，但都贴近学生的生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说明文、议论文等。所选短文其难度略低于阅读理解题的短文。 命题特点及选材特点考查范围和题型分析 近年来，完形填空题单纯考语法的题目很少，越来越侧重对综合语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。其中，词汇运用能力的考查表现为要求考生在一定的语境下表达词汇的语义、词汇的搭配，特别关注上下文的行文逻辑和相互照应。
选项的题型主要是以下几种类型：
1.词汇题。这种题型从句子和语境层次上来全
面考查各种词类的意义和用法。
2.动词题。从语境上设计题目来全面考查动词的时态、语
态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等的掌握程度。
3.常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。涉及动词短语、介词短语、
副词短语等的搭配和用法。
4.句法题。涉及简单句、并列句、宾语从句、状语从句、定
语从句等复合句。
5.逻辑分析题。主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能
力和语言运用能力。考查范围和题型分析解题总体思路 先完意，后完形解题思路 1．跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短
文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、内
容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果 ；通读全文时，
尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章的大概意
思即可。不要纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断取
义，进入误区。
完型填空题所选短文一般无标题，首尾不设空。
首句往往是段落的主题句，从中可以找到重要的信
息：背景知识、时间、地点、人物等。尾句往往是
段落的灵魂，具有总结概括的意义。
解题思路2．结合选项、全面考虑、初定答案。
在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细
读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法
结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、
句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意
思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备
选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步
选定答案。 解题思路3．瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易
后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 解题思路4．复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。
完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，
再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答
案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构
是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案
或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
千万要注意：没有百分之百的把握，这一环节就不
要再改动了。
作答时应注意的几个问题 1．完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
2．第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。 作答时应注意的几个问题
3．做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 作答时应注意的几个问题4．每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它两项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5．动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。 1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the ___________.hospital nightno / littlepass butChallenge Yourself2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_______.
3.He is rather busy, so he has ____________time to have lunch at home.
4.We have an English test this term, it's very easy, most students can _______this test.
5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired ________happy.☆ 1.通过上下文暗示进行判断充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 。例 1. --- She had got a(n) ( 36 ) and needed a blood transfusion(输血）from her five-year-old brother, who had had the same disease but (37) stayed alive.
( )36. A. accident B. problem
C. disease D. troubleC☆ 1.通过上下文暗示进行判断充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 。例 2. --- No matter when my friends saw him pass by, they would (38), “Hey, deaf and dumb
(哑巴)”, ---There were no friends around to shout the usual words of “greeting”.
( )38. A. sing B. run C. shout D. speakCSkill 1：context（上下文） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. drum√Skill 1：context（上下文） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?” …. as big as the pool, there is one basket of water…41. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. apples√☆ 2.通过 逻辑推理 进行判断 由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。 When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __44__ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. 44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later√Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理） My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said．“My 17 ，Mommy．”
She said，“No．Many people are deaf...17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head√☆ 3.根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语 When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking…48. A. for B. of C. with D. to√Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配） In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man. 48. A. with B. to C. as D. of√Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析） As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think I'll also make many good 25 and live with them, because I don't like living alone. 25. A. friend B. friends
C. friends’ D. friends’√Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识） All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools. 32. A. all B. none
C. some D. both√1、context(上下文、语境)3、regular collocation(固定搭配)2、logic(逻辑)Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧)4、grammar analysis(语法分析)5、background knowledge(背景知识)Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤)1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案2、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破任务型完形填空任务型完形填空是一种综合性的测试题型，需要在阅读并理解文章大意的前提下进行分析判断和逻辑推理。同时还考查能否正确拼写单词及根据语境写出正确形式。
通常包括几种形式：根据首字母填空、选词填空(十选十、十二选十等)、根据上下文填空(无提示)。一、做好句法分析。
通过句法分析，分析应填词在句中充当的成分。如果充当主语或宾语，那么应当是名词(包括动名词)或代词；如果充当谓语，那么应当是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，那么应当是形容词。通过做句法分析会大大缩小选择的范围，从而缩短答题时间。二、考虑词形变化。
确定了所填单词之后，还要考虑该单词是否需要变化词形。例如，若填名词，就要考虑是用单数还是复数；若填人称代词，就要考虑是用主格、宾格还是其他形式；若填谓语动词，就要考虑该用何种时态或语态。三、运用所给提示。
在做首字母填空型和选词填空型的综合填空时，一定要结合所给的首字母或者备选词来考虑应填词，切不可以随意填写。A?
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，补全文中所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Seoul, South Korea
December 15
Dear Sandy,
I just want to say thank you for having me as your guest in your beautiful home. 专练I had a great time. I really enjoyed?m???????????
your friends. You all made me feel so welcome. You know how much I?m???????????
(2) my family at first, but you were so kind that I soon stopped feeling homesick (想家的). I can’t find the words to show my?
t????????????(3). I’d like to call you. When is a good?t????????????(4) to call? meetingmissedthankstime??meetingmissedYou know that on my way home I stopped to visit my?a???????????(5) in Perth. It was so hot! It was over 35 degrees all the time but I loved?i?????????(6) very much. It felt good to wear my favorite skirt all day. My aunt wanted me to?s??????????(7) longer, but I couldn’t wait to see my parents and my brother, so I left the next day. But she’s invited me to go back and I’d love to do that. auntitstayI’m thinking of going?n????????????(8) year.
Anyway, I’m looking forward to hearing from you very soon. Let me know?i?????????
(9) you want to visit Seoul. My brother and I could take you to a “norebang” (a singing room). It’s a bit?l???????????(10) karaoke! Love to you all.
Soon-heeifnext??like B
根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词，使短文完整、通顺。
I have twin brothers, Nick and Chris. They’re 20 years old. Although they’re twins, they are not identical (完全同样的) twins because they are different in many (1)________.ways?For a start they don’t (2)________ alike. Nick’s got blond hair and blue eyes, and he’s quite tall. However, Chris isn’t very (3)________ and he’s got red hair and brown eyes. Also, they never wear the same (4)________. This is because our mother always dressed them alike when they were children and they hated it.tall?lookclothes?Something else that they don’t like is when people talk (5)________?“the twins”, not?“Nick”?and?“Chris”. They want to be individuals (个人). However, they do have some interests in (6)________. For example, they love being outdoors so they often go for long walks together in the countryside. Also, they both have great computer skills. common?common?In fact, they’re both (7)________ IT at university, but in different towns. Another thing is that they both (8)________ football, which is very unusual for boys of their age. You know, almost every boy likes this sport.
Finally, I must say that I love my brothers very much. Although they have (9) ________ personalities (性格), studyinghatedifferent??they are both lovely brothers. Nick is quiet and quite shy, while Chris loves going to parties and telling jokes. However, both of them are always very kind to (10)________, their little sister. I can tell them all my problems.me谢谢