高中英语定语从句解析
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定语从句
一. 引导定语从句的关系词包括:
关系代词: that, which, whose, who, whom, as；
关系副词: when, where, why。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，其中whose在从句中充当定语；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。关系代词在定语从句中充当动词的宾语且不位于介词后时, 一般可省去。
关系代词的选用比较复杂, 要考虑下列因素：
先行词是指人还是指物；
关系代词在从句中的句法功能；
定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
关系代词的选用情况见下表:
先行词在从句中的句法功能 用于限定性或非限定性定语从句
指人 指物 只用于限定性定语从句
指人或指物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
定语 whose whose(of which)
关系副词的选用相对来说较简单。如先行词为表示时间的名词, 如time, day等，则用when；如先行词为表示地点的名词, 如place, house, area等，则用where； 如先行词为reason表示原因, 则用why。
二. 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句与主句关系紧密, 为句中不可缺少的部分, 若去掉, 主句意思不完整。非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散, 若去掉, 主句内容仍完整。
非限定性定语从句一般被逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句不用that引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
非限定性定语从句的先行词也可以是整个句子，这时, 一般用which或as来引导定语从句。which与as引导此类定语从句的区别在于: which只能置于整个句子的句中或句末, 而as的位置比较灵活, 可置于句中、句末, 又可置于句首。例如：
His father is a professor of Beijing University, which makes him very proud.
他的父亲是北大的教授，这使他引以为荣。（位于句末）
As had been expected, he won the first prize in the singing competition.
正如所料，他在歌唱比赛中获得一等奖。（位于句首）
三. 定语从句考点解析
（一）关系代词 that
1．To get the job started, ____ I need is your permission.
A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that
2．Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. after B. what C. whatever D. that
3．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案分别为C，D和B。在定语从句中，当先行词为下列词语或由下列词语修饰时，即all, no, every, little, only, first, last, anything, everything, nothing和形容词的最高级以及序数词等，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which或who, whom。此外，当先行词既有人又有物时，或者主句是以who或which为疑问词的特殊疑问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词也通常使用that而非其它。如：
This is the best film that I have seen this year.
这是我今年看过的最好的一部电影。
He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited the year before.
他谈到了他前一年参观过的学校和拜访过的老师们。
此外，注意关系代词在介词后或者引导非限制性定语从句时，不能使用that.
（二）关系代词 whose
1. A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
2. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
whose在定语从句中作定语，表示“先行词＋的”的意思，修饰其后的名词。以上两题的答案分别为C和D。注意whose前的先行词可以是表物的名词。另外，“whose + 名词”可以转换为“the + 名词 + of which / whom”，如：
I live in the house whose window faces east. (whose window = the window of which)
（三）关系代词与关系副词
1. I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
3. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who
4. I lived in Beijing, ______ is the capital of China.
A. which B. where C. in which D. it
在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选用，主要由关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分来决定：如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，要使用关系代词 that, which 和 who 或whom；如果在定语从句中充当状语，则使用关系副词 when, where 和 why。以上各题答案分别为：D, B, B, A。
（四）介词 + 关系代词
1. He paid the boy ten dollars for washing the windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. for whom D. to whom
以上两题答案为D, D。介词后的关系代词只能是which或whom。做此类题时，首先要明确这里的关系代词代表的是先行词的意思，然后把该意思代入定语从句，在定语从句中判断需要什么介词。
一. 引导定语从句的关系词包括:
关系代词: that, which, whose, who, whom, as；
关系副词: when, where, why。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，其中whose在从句中充当定语；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。关系代词在定语从句中充当动词的宾语且不位于介词后时, 一般可省去。
关系代词的选用比较复杂, 要考虑下列因素：
先行词是指人还是指物；
关系代词在从句中的句法功能；
定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
关系代词的选用情况见下表:
先行词在从句中的句法功能 用于限定性或非限定性定语从句
指人 指物 只用于限定性定语从句
指人或指物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
定语 whose whose(of which)
关系副词的选用相对来说较简单。如先行词为表示时间的名词, 如time, day等，则用when；如先行词为表示地点的名词, 如place, house, area等，则用where； 如先行词为reason表示原因, 则用why。
二. 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句与主句关系紧密, 为句中不可缺少的部分, 若去掉, 主句意思不完整。非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散, 若去掉, 主句内容仍完整。
非限定性定语从句一般被逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句不用that引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
非限定性定语从句的先行词也可以是整个句子，这时, 一般用which或as来引导定语从句。which与as引导此类定语从句的区别在于: which只能置于整个句子的句中或句末, 而as的位置比较灵活, 可置于句中、句末, 又可置于句首。例如：
His father is a professor of Beijing University, which makes him very proud.
他的父亲是北大的教授，这使他引以为荣。（位于句末）
As had been expected, he won the first prize in the singing competition.
正如所料，他在歌唱比赛中获得一等奖。（位于句首）
三. 定语从句考点解析
（一）关系代词 that
1．To get the job started, ____ I need is your permission.
A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that
2．Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. after B. what C. whatever D. that
3．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案分别为C，D和B。在定语从句中，当先行词为下列词语或由下列词语修饰时，即all, no, every, little, only, first, last, anything, everything, nothing和形容词的最高级以及序数词等，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which或who, whom。此外，当先行词既有人又有物时，或者主句是以who或which为疑问词的特殊疑问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词也通常使用that而非其它。如：
This is the best film that I have seen this year.
这是我今年看过的最好的一部电影。
He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited the year before.
他谈到了他前一年参观过的学校和拜访过的老师们。
此外，注意关系代词在介词后或者引导非限制性定语从句时，不能使用that.
（二）关系代词 whose
1. A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
2. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
whose在定语从句中作定语，表示“先行词＋的”的意思，修饰其后的名词。以上两题的答案分别为C和D。注意whose前的先行词可以是表物的名词。另外，“whose + 名词”可以转换为“the + 名词 + of which / whom”，如：
I live in the house whose window faces east. (whose window = the window of which)
（三）关系代词与关系副词
1. I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
3. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who
4. I lived in Beijing, ______ is the capital of China.
A. which B. where C. in which D. it
在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选用，主要由关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分来决定：如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，要使用关系代词 that, which 和 who 或whom；如果在定语从句中充当状语，则使用关系副词 when, where 和 why。以上各题答案分别为：D, B, B, A。
（四）介词 + 关系代词
1. He paid the boy ten dollars for washing the windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. for whom D. to whom
以上两题答案为D, D。介词后的关系代词只能是which或whom。做此类题时，首先要明确这里的关系代词代表的是先行词的意思，然后把该意思代入定语从句，在定语从句中判断需要什么介词。