高中英语人教新课标必修1重点知识复习

学员编号：
年
级：高三
课
时
数：3学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
授课类型
T(必修一重点词汇)
C(定语从句)
C(阅读理解)
授课日期及时段
教学内容
一、课前热身单词默写表检查并默写二、讲解Unit
1A近义词辨析1.
ignore[用法]：vt.
忽视[拓展]：n.
ignorance
无知
adj.
ignorant
无知的[辨析]：ignore
通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect
侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook
指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。[练习]：1).
We
could
not
afford
to
_________
such
a
serious
offence.2).
He
utterly
________
my
warnings
and
met
with
an
accident.3).
Don’t
________
paying
him
a
visit
now
and
then.答案:
1).
overlooked
2).
ignored
3).
Neglect2.
cheat[用法]：vt.
欺骗；作弊[搭配]：
cheat
sb
into
doing
sth
骗某人去做某事
cheat
in
the
exam
考试作弊[辨析]：cheat
主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。fool
“愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。[练习]：
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
You
may
get
_________
in
that
shop.2).
He
can’t
__________
her.
She
sees
through
him
every
time.3.
join
[用法]：vt/vi
参加，加入[搭配]：jion
in
+活动
join
+人：和某人一起做某事
join+组织[辨析]：join
表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等join
in
表示参加游戏、活动等；join
sb.
(in
sth.)
表（和某人一起）做某事take
part
in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等attend
主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂[练习]：用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
Can
I
___________
the
game 2).
Did
you
____________
the
fighting 3).
He
__________
the
army
last
year.4).
A
lot
of
people
__________
her
wedding.答案:
1).
join
in
2).
take
part
in
3).
joined
4）attended4.
calm[用法]:
adj.平静的[搭配]:
keep
calm
保持平静calm
down
平静下来[辨析]：calm
天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。quiet
1）
表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静2）指人时侧重性格温和，文静。silent
表示人不爱说话，沉默无语，不发言。still
“不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。[练习]:
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
Please
stand
__________
while
I
take
your
photo.2).
Why
do
you
keep
__________ 3).
Everything
was
___________.4).
He
remained
___________
in
the
face
of
the
enemy.答案:
1).
still
2).
silent
3).
quiet
4).
calmB重点单词1.
upset[用法]：adj.
upset
adj.
心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的
vt.
使…心烦意乱(upset,
upset)[搭配]：be/
feel
upset
感到心烦意乱
be
upset
by…
被……
干扰upset
oneself
about
sth
为某事烦恼upset
sb
惹恼某人[例句]：1).
He
was
horribly
upset
over
her
illness.
他为她的病而忧心忡忡。2).
The
students
really
upset
her.
学生们着实让她烦恼。2.
suffer[用法]：vt.&
vi.遭受；忍受；经历[搭配]：suffer
sth
遭受某事
Suffer
from
sth
遭受、忍受……(的痛苦)
[例句]：我们在金融危机中损失惨重。We
suffered
huge
losses
in
the
financial
crisis.
贵州人民饱受旱灾之苦。
People
in
Guizhou
province
suffer
a
lot
from
the
drought.
3.
recover[用法]：vi.
恢复，痊愈
vt
重新获得[搭配]：recover
from
…(疾病或不愉快的经历)[例句]：1）He
is
recovering
from
a
knee
injury.
他的膝伤正在恢复。
2).
She
never
recovered
consciousness.
她再也没有醒过来。
4.
settle[用法]：vt.
安家；定居；停留
vt.
使定居，安家；解决[搭配]：settle
down
镇定下来，定居下来
settle
in
在…定居，
settle
a(an)
dispute/argument/disagreement[例句]:
1).
The
family
has
settled
in
Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。2).
Both
wanted
to
settle
their
disagreement.
双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。[练习]：
题目这么难，谁能解决？_______________________________________答案:
Since
it
is
so
difficult,
who
can
settle
this
problem 5.
concern[用法]：v.
担忧;
涉及;
关系到
n.
担心，关注[搭配]:
as
/
so
far
as
…
be
concerned
关于；至于；就……而言be
concerned
about
关心,挂念be
concerned
with
sth.
与…有关[例句]:
1).
As
far
as
the
students
are
concerned,
their
main
concern
is
their
schoolwork.2).
The
boy's
parents
are
concerned
about
his
health.
那男孩的父母亲非常关心他的健康。3).
That's
no
concern
of
mine.
那不关我的事。[练习]：1).
There
is
an
article
that
_______
the
rise
of
the
prices.
2).
The
children
are
rather
_____
about
their
mother’s
health.
3).
Officials
should
______
themselves
_______
public
affairs.
答案:
1).
concerns
2).
concerned
3).
concern
…
with
识记单词tip
n.
提示；技巧；尖；小费
friendship
n.
友谊
nature
n.
自然；天性，本性
thunder
n.
vi．打雷；雷鸣
n．雷；雷声
series
n.
a
series
of
一系列，一连串
power
n.
力量，能力，权力
trust
(in)
n.
vt.
信任，相信
quiz
n.
小测验，提问，询问
survey
vt./
n
调查
situation
n.
情况，状况
habit
n.习惯
loose
adj．松的；松开的
gossip
vi．&
n．闲话；闲谈
grateful
adj．感激的；表示谢意的highway
n.
highway
n．公路；大路
culture
n.
文化
spirit
n.
精神；鬼魂
community
n.
社区
selfish
adj.
自私的
background
n.
背景
entirely
adv.
完全地，整个地
point
n.
要点，重点
vi
指着
experience
经历；经验
重点短语get
along/on
well/
nicely/
badly
with
与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利get
away离开，逃离
get
down下来；写下，取下get
down
to
(doing)开始认真干……
get
over克服，摆脱
get
through通过，做完
get
together聚集[练习]：1)
The
final
examination
is
coming
up
soon.
It’s
time
for
us
to
________
our
studies.
　　
A.
get
down
to
B.
get
out
　　
C.
get
back
for
D.
get
over
2)
After
that,
he
knew
he
could_________
any
emergency
by
doing
what
be
could
to
the
best
of
his
ability.
A．get
away
with
B．get
on
with
C．get
through
D．get
across
Key:
A,
C识记短语make
a
list
of
列出…清单
be
crazy
about
对…疯狂
according
to
根据
get
along
with
进展；与…相处
fall
in
love
爱上，喜欢
try
out
试验，试用
add
up
合计
share
sth.
with
sb.
与某人分享…
go
through
复习；经历
on
purpose
故意
communicate
with
与…交流
face
to
face
面对面
happen
to
do
恰巧做某事
at
dusk
在黄昏stay
away
离开
set
down
记下，登记
hide
away
隐藏
laugh
at
嘲笑
go
on
holiday
去度假
walk
the
dog
遛狗live
in
peace
平静地生活
get
tired
of
厌倦 Unit
2A近义词辨析
1.
voyage[用法]：n.
海上旅行[搭配]：on
voyage[辨析]:journey/travel/trip/tourvoyage:
去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey:
指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel:
一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip:
(短途)旅行tour:
为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行[练习]：用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
It
is
tiring
to
take
a
long
_______
by
train
from
Paris
to
Moscow.2).
The
_________
from
England
to
Australia
used
to
take
several
months.3).
We’ll
have
time
for
a
______
to
France
next
weekend.4).
We
went
on
a
guided
______
round
the
castle.答案:
1).
journey
2).
voyage
3).
trip
4).
tour2.
especially[用法]：adv.
尤其，特别[辨析]：especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially
指为了某一目的，专门做某事[练习]:
1).
Our
city
is
very
beautiful,
___________
in
spring.
我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2).
He
came
here
___________
to
ask
you
for
help.
他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案:
1).
especially
2).
Specially3.
a
number
of
/
the
number
of[辨析]：a
number
of意思是“若干；许多”，谓语动词用复数the
number
of意思是“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数[练习]：用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
Today
___________
people
learning
Chinese
in
the
world
is
raising
rapidly.2).
____________
books
in
the
market
are
in
English.答案:
1).
the
number
of
2).
A
number
ofB重点单词1.
include[用法]：vt.
包括[拓展]：prep.
including
包括(用于句中，之前常有逗号)[举例]：There
are
four
of
us,
including
Linda
and
me.2.
present
[用法]:
n.
礼物；adj.
在场的；目前的vt.
赠送
[搭配]:
at
present/
at
the
present
time目前be
present出席present
sb.with
sth
=
present
sth.
to
sb.把某物送给某人be
presented
with
sth[例句]:
1).
I
am
afraid
I
can’t
help
you
at
present.
恐怕现在我没法帮助你。[练习]:
1).
____________________
when
the
decision
was
announced
宣布那项决定时你在场吗？2).
All
attendees
will
also
__________________
a
small
gift
on
the
night.当然，我们还会派精美的礼品给每一位参加活动的会员。
答案：1）
Were
you
present
2)
be
presented
with3.
command[用法] :
n.&
v.
命令；指令；掌握[搭配]:
command
sb.
to
do
sth
命令某人做某事be
under
the
command
of
由…指挥,由…控制have
a
good
command
of
…精通，熟练掌握be
at
one’s
command
听任某人支配have
/
take
command
of…
指挥…
特别提醒
：command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气[例句]：The
officer
commanded
his
soldiers
to
fire.
那名军官命令士兵们开火。
After
studying
aboard
for
2
years，Tina
has
a
good
command
of
English.
[练习]：1).
The
army
is
__________
the
king’s
direct
command.2).
The
police
arrived
and
took
command
________
the
situation.答案:
1).
under
2).
of4.
request
[用法]：n.&
v.
请求；要求[搭配]:
request
sb
to
do
sth.at
sb's
request/at
the
request
of
sb应某人之请求
on
request
一经要求:
request
sth
(from/of
sb)要求,
（尤指）请求某人做某事特别提醒：request后接that从句时要用虚拟语气[例句]:
1).
Your
requests
will
be
granted.
你的请求能够获准。.
2).
I
requested
him
to
help.
我请求他帮忙。5.
recognize
[用法]:
vt.
辨认出；承认；公认[搭配]:
recognize…by
sth
通过…认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…as
sth
承认某人/某事物是recognize…to
be承认…是[典例]:
1).
I
recognized
her
by
her
red
hat.
我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2).
Everyone
recognized
him
to
be/as
the
lawful
heir.
大家都承认他为合法继承人。[练习]:
中译英1).
人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。He
is
recognized
_______________________________2).
我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。
I
recognized
him
_______________________________答案:
to
be
their
natural
leader.as
my
friend’s
brother.
识记单词subway
n.
地下人行道；地铁
elevator
n.．电梯；升降机petrol
n．汽油、
gas
n．汽油；气体；煤气；毒气official
adj．官方的；正式的；公务的
conquer
vt．征服；占领native
adj．本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人
apartment
n．公寓住宅actually
adv.
实际上；事实上
base
(...on...)
vt．以……为根据n．基础gradually
adv．逐渐地；逐步地
enrich
vt．使富裕；充实；改善vocabulary
n．词汇；词汇量；词表
spelling
n.拼写；拼法
latter
adj．较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的
identity
n．本身；本体；身份fluent
adj．流利的；流畅的
such
as
例如……；像这种的frequent
adj．频繁的；常见的
frequently
adv．常常；频繁地usage
n.使用；用法；词语惯用法
dialect
n．方言
expression
n.词语；表示；表达
eastern
adj．东方的；东部的standard
n.
标准
direction
n.
方向，指导，用法说明block
n.
街区；v.阻碍
straight
adv.
直接地
adj.
笔直的重点短语come
up
to
靠近，上前
come
across邂逅
come
about发生come
from
来自
come
out
出版;开花；结果是
come
up
with想出come
round
绕道而来
come
down落下,塌下[练习]:
用come构成的词组填空。1).
The
magazine
__________
once
a
month.2).
The
engineers
has
______________
new
ways
of
saving
energy.3).
They
___________
an
old
school
friend
in
the
street
this
morning.答案:
1).
comes
out
2).
come
up
with
3).
came
across识记短语play
a
role
(in)
/play
a
part(in)
扮演一个角色；参与;起重要作用
even
if
即使
be
based
on
根据，基于
from
one
place
to
another
the
same…as…
和…一样
such
as
例如……；像这种的
make
use
of
利用
no
longer
再也不
Unit3A近义词辨析beneath[用法]：prep.
在…下面[辨析]：beneath
书面用词，指在…的正下方，强调垂直关系under
普通用词，指在某物的下方below
指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，
所指范围较宽[练习]：1).
They
found
the
body
buried
_________a
pile
of
leaves.2).
They
stood
________
a
big
tree.Keys:
beneath，underacross[用法]：prep.
穿过[辨析]：across
表示从表面上横穿，横跨through
表示穿过空间内部over
表示“越过”，指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧[练习]：用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空The
Great
Wall
winds
its
way
_______high
mountains,
______
deep
valleys
and
______
great
deserts.
Keys:
over…through…acrossB重点单词1.
persuade
[用法]：v.
说服；劝说[搭配]：persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.=
persuade
sb.
into
doing
sth.
说服某人做某事persuade
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
=
persuade
sb.
out
of
sth./doing
sth.
劝阻某人做某事persuade
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事be
persuaded
that…
相信...[例句]：1).
We
persuaded
him
to
take
the
job
/
into
taking
the
job.
我们说服了他接受这份工作。2).
How
can
I
persuade
you
of
my
sincerity？
我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？[练习]：1).
我几乎相信了他是诚实的。I
am
almost
persuaded
that
he
is
honest.
I
am
almost
persuaded
of
his
honesty.2.
insist
[用法]:
v.
坚持[搭配]:
insist
on/upon
sth./(
sb’s)
doing
坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事insist
that
......(
此句型常用虚拟语气，谓语用should
do
sth，
should
可以省略，但当表示坚持某事确实发生过或真实性时，则该用什么时态就用什么时态)[例句]
:
I
still
insist
on
my
viewpoint.
我仍然坚持我的观点。He
insisted
on
paying
for
the
meal.
他坚持要付饭钱。Mother
insisted
that
we
（should
）wash
the
clothes
by
ourselves.
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。[练习]:
选择填空1).
The
man
insisted
_______
a
taxi
for
me
even
though
I
told
him
I
lived
nearby.A.
find
B.
to
find
C.
on
finding
D.
in
finding2).
I
insist
that
a
doctor
_______
immediately.
A.
has
been
sent
for
B.
sends
for
C.
will
be
sent
for
D.
be
sent
for
3).
Some
people
insisted
that
the
person
_____
a
thief
and
insisted
that
he
_____
to
the
police
station.A.
was;
be
taken
B.
was,
would
be
taken
C.
should
be;
should
be
taken
D.
be;
be
taken
Keys:
1).
C
2).
D
3).
A
3.
prefer[用法]:
v.
（preferred/preferring）
更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）[搭配]:
prefer
sth../doing
更喜欢某物（做某事）
prefer
A
to
B
喜欢…胜过…prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B
喜欢…胜过…,宁愿…也不愿…
prefer
to
do
rather
than
do宁愿…也不愿…prefer
that…[例句]:
1).
I
prefer
dogs
to
cats.
猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。
2).
I
prefer
speaking
the
truth
to
lying.
我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。
3).
Would
you
prefer
that
we
put
off
our
wedding
till
next
mouth
你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？[练习]:
中译英1).
与其乘坐拥挤的公共汽车，他宁愿骑自行车。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:
1).
Rather
than
ride
on
a
crowded
bus,
he
always
prefers
to
ride
a
bicycle.4.
determine[用法]：v.
决定；确定；下定决心[拓展]：n.determination
决心，决定
adj.
determined
坚决的，坚定的[搭配]:
determine
on/upon
(doing)
sth.
决定某事
determine
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
determine
+
that……
决定……
be
determined
to
do
sth.
坚决要做某事[例句]:
1).
Attitude
determines
everything.
态度决定一切。2).
We
determined
to
go
to
the
railway
station
at
once.
我们决定立刻去火车站。[练习]：中译英1).
你决定好暑假做什么了吗？_________________________________________________________________________2).
她决心要上哈佛大学。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:
1).
Have
you
determined
what
to
do
in
the
summer
holidays
2).She
was
determined
to
go
to
Harvard
University.
5.
afford
[用法]:
vt
买得起，付得起钱；Vi有能力做，承担得起Vt.
提供[搭配]：afford
sth
买得起某物；提供某物
can
afford
to
do
sth
能够做某事
can’t
afford
to
do
sth
不能做某事，无法承担做某事[举例]：1）In
such
circumstances
we
can't
afford
to
wait
any
longer.
情况不容许我们再等待了。2）These
trees
afford
a
pleasant
shade.
这些树下有一片宜人的树阴。3）We
can't
afford
a
bicycle,
let
alone
a
car.
我们连自行车也买不起，更不用说汽车了。识记单词
journal
n.日记；杂志；定期刊物
transport
n.运送；运输vt.
运输；运送disadvantage
n.
不利条件；不便之处
fare
n.费用route
n.路线；路途
flow
vi.流动；流出n.流动；流量ever
since从那以后
cycle
vi.
骑自行车graduate
vi.毕业
n.
大学毕业生
finally
adv.最后；终于schedule
n.时间表；进度表
vt.为某事安排时间
shortcoming
n.缺点
stubborn
adj.顽固的；固执的organize
vt.组织；成立
detail
n.细节；详情altitude
n.海拔高度；高处
glacier
n.冰河；冰川valley
n.(山)谷；流域
waterfall
n.瀑布pace
vi.
缓慢而行；踱步
n.一步；速度；步调bend
n.弯；拐角
vt.
(bent，bent)
使弯曲
vi.
弯身；弯腰attitude
n.态度；看法
boil
vi.(指液体)沸腾；(水)开forecast
n.&
vt.预测；预报
parcel
n.小包；包裹insurance
n.保险
wool
n.羊毛；毛织品reliable
adj.可信赖的；可靠的
pillow
n.枕头；枕垫view
n.风景；视野；观点；见解
vt.
观看；注视；考虑flame
n.火焰；光芒；热情
temple
n.
庙宇；寺庙cave
n.
洞穴；地窖重点短语give
in(to
sb)
屈服，让步
give
away
泄露，赠送
give
off
发出，放出
give
out
公布，分发
give
up放弃
give
back归还[练习]：用
give
构成的短语的适当形式填空。1).
I
regret
giving
in
so
easily
to
his
unreasonable
request.2).
He
intended
to________
a
large
amount
of
money
to
the
Project
Hope.3).
Because
of
his
low
salary,
he
had
to
_________
his
dream
trip
to
Europe.Keys:
1).
giving
in
2).
give
away
3).
give
up识记短语
get
sb
interested
in
使…感兴趣
make
camp
扎营
dream
of
doing
梦想做…
be
fond
of
…喜欢
graduate
from
从…毕业
put
up
one’s
tents支起帐篷
break(beat)/hold
a
record
打破/保持纪录
care
about关心；忧虑；惦念
change
one’s
mind
改变主意
at
midnight在午夜make
up
one’s
mind
下定决心
sb
be
familiar
with
sth
对…熟悉
as
usual
照常
sth
be
familiar
to
sb
为某人所熟悉\Unit4A近义词辨析congratulate[用法]：v.
祝贺[搭配]：congratulate
sb.
on
sth.[辨析]：congratulate
对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。celebrate
通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。】[练习]：用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1).
I
_________
you
on
your
success.
2).
We
held
a
party
to
__________
our
success.
答案:
1).
congratulate
2).
celebrate
rise[用法]:
vi上升，升高，上涨[辨析]：rise
是不及物动词，常以物做主语，表示…上升/升高/上涨
arise
也是不及物动词，意思是出现，产生，主语常常是某个问题或者现象。raise
是及物动词，后面一定要跟名词作宾语，多指把某物从低处升到高处，也可表示筹集,饲养，养育。
arouse
也是及物动词，意思是引起，唤醒，后常跟兴趣，愤怒，同情等抽象名词[练习]:
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).
She
________
her
eyes
from
her
work.2).
Take
measures
as
soon
as
a
problem
____3).
We
are
surprised
that
the
price
________
by
10%.答案:
1).
raised
2).
arise
3).
rose
injure[用法]：vt
损坏，破坏，伤害
[辨析]：injure
尤指在事故中使人或动物身体上收到伤害
hurt：
侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。
wound：
专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；
damage：
通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。
destory：
常指破坏某个建筑设施至不可修复的程度[练习]：1).
The
soldier
was
______
in
the
arm
in
the
war.
2).
She
was
_______
slightly
in
an
accident
during
the
work.
3).
I
was
very
much
_______
at
his
words.答案:
1).
wounded
2).
injured
3).
hurt
B重点单词1.
burst
[用法]:
v.&
n.
爆裂,
爆发,
突然破裂[搭配]：burst
into
laughter
=
burst
out
laughing
突然大笑
burst
into
tears
=
burst
out
crying
突然大哭
a
burst
of
一阵（笑声，掌声）[例句]
:1).The
red
balloon
suddenly
burst.
那个红色的气球突然爆了。[练习]：On
hearing
the
news,
Leslie
___________
laughter
while
Tracy
___________
crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。Key：burst
into,
burst
out2.
rescue
[用法]:
n.&vt.
援救，营救[搭配]：rescue
sb./
sth.
from
sb./
sp.
把……..从……营救出来
come
to/
go
to
sb’s
rescue
=
rescue
sb.
援救某人
a
rescue
team
救援队
a
rescue
mission
救援任务
rescue
workers
救援人员[例句]：1).
The
police
came
to
his
rescue
and
pulled
him
out
of
the
river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。[练习]:
用rescue的适当形式填空
1).
The
mother,
along
with
her
two
children,
_________from
the
sinking
boat
by
a
passing
ship.
2).
The
firemen
________
five
children
from
the
burning
house
yesterday.
答案:
1).
has
been
rescued
2).
rescued3.
judge[用法]:
n.
法官，鉴赏家，裁判
Vt判断，估计[搭配]：judge
sb./
sth.
by/from
通过……判断……
as
far
as
I
judge
我认为
judging
from…
从……来看，
根据……判断
in
one’s
judgment
据…判断[例句]：1).
She's
a
good
judge
of
wine.
她是鉴别酒的专家。
2).
Don’t
judge
a
man
by
his
looks.
不要以貌取人。[练习]:
用与judge相关的词汇填空
1).
______his
appearance,
he
must
be
a
rich
man.
2).
_______
,
he
must
be
from
the
south.
答案:
1).
Judging
2).
In
her
judgment识记单词earthquake
n.地震
well
n.
井crack
n.
裂缝；噼啪声v.
开裂
million
n.百万event
n.事件；大事
as
if
仿佛；好像nation
n.民族；国家；国民
canal
n.
运河；水道steam
蒸汽；水汽
dirt
n.
污垢；泥土ruin
n.
废墟；毁灭，使破产
suffering
n.苦难；痛苦extreme
adj.极度的
destroy
vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
brick
n.
砖；砖块
dam
n水坝；堰堤track
n.轨道；足迹；痕迹
useless
adj.
无用的；无效的；无益的shock
vi.&
vt.(使)震惊；震动
n.
休克；打击；震惊trap
vt.使陷入困境
n.
陷阱；困境
electricity
n.电；电流；电学disaster
n.灾难；灾祸
bury
vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏shelter
n.
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
title
n.
标题；头衔；资格reporter
n.
记者
damage
n.
&
vt.损失；损害frighten
vt.
使惊吓；吓唬
frightened
adj.
受惊的；受恐吓的frightening
adj.令人恐惧的
sincerely
adv.真诚地；真挚地express
vt.表示；表达
vt.快车；速递
outline
n.要点；大纲；轮廓headline
n.报刊的大字标题重点短语in
ruins
严重受损，破败不堪
in
rags
衣衫褴褛
in
danger
处于危险中in
a
hurry
匆忙地，迅速地
in
time
及时
in
particular
尤其，特别in
addition
此外，另外
in
advance
提前
in
a
way
在某种程度上识记短语prepare
to
do
sth/get
prepared
准备做某事
instead
of
代替，而不是
thousands
of
成千上万
shake
hands
with
sb.
与…握手
at
an
end结束；终结
be/feel
honoured
by
为…感到荣幸
dig
out
掘出，发现
right
away立刻，马上be
proud
of
为…自豪
Unit5A近义词辨析1.
reward[用法]：n.
报酬；奖金
vt.
酬劳；奖赏[搭配]：in
reward
(for…)
作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give
a
reward
to
sb.
for
sth.
为……给某人报酬、赏金reward
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
因……报答、奖赏某人
reward
sb.
with
sth.
用……报答、奖赏某人[辨析]：award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”，作动词表示“颁发”，“授予”reward作名词时，表示“报酬”，“奖赏”讲；作动词表示“报答”，“奖赏”讲。[练习]：1).
The
film
________
are
presented
annually．2).
A
__________
was
offered
for
the
return
of
the
passport．
Keys:
1).
awards
2).
reward3).
他用一个奖励来报答我。
He
rewarded
me
with
a
prize.
2.
accept
/
receive[辨析]：accept
(接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive
(收到,得到),
表示客观收到,
还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”。[练习]：I
________
his
letter
of
invitation,
but
I
didn't
________
it.Keys:
received…accept
3.found[用法]：vt.
建立；建设[辨析]:
find
(found,
found)
找，找到，发现
found
(founded,
founded)
建立，创立[练习]：指出下列句子中found的意思.
1）The
business,
founded
by
Dawn
and
Nigel,
suffered
financial
setbacks
2）Two
thousand
of
4,200
species
of
flowering
plants
are
found
in
the
park.
Key:
1）成立；2）发现B重点单词1.
devote
[用法]：vt.
投入；献身[搭配]：devote…
to…
献身于；专心于在devote…
to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。[拓展]：常见的跟介词to的
短语还有：pay
attention
to（注意……）stick
to（坚持……）lead
to（导致……）prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）look
forward
to（盼望……）;[例句]：1).
He
devoted
himself
entirely
to
music.
他将一生奉献给了音乐。2).
Mary
devoted
her
life
to
caring
for
the
sick.
玛丽献身于为病人服务。[练习]:
中译英1).
她深爱她的孩子。2).
我们应全力以赴地工作。Keys:
1).
She
is
devoted
to
her
children.
2).
We
should
devote
all
our
efforts
to
our
tasks.2.
equal
[用法]：adj.
平等的；相等的[搭配]：be
equal
to
与……相等be
equal
with
与……平等[例句]:
2).
All
people
are
born
equal.
人人生来平等。[练习]:
用适当的介词填空1).
One
unit
of
alcohol
is
equal
_______
half
a
pint
of
beer.2).
They
believe
that
in
the
sight
of
God
the
poor
are
equal
_______
the
rich.Key：1）to；2）with3.
advise
[用法]:
v.
建议[搭配]:
advise
+n.
/pron.
建议……advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议某人干……
advise
+
(that)
sb.
(should)
do[拓展]:
advice
(U)n　建议；意见a
piece
of
advice　一条建议go
to
sb.
for
advice
=
ask
sb.
for
advice　向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见give
advice
to
sb.
on
sth.　就……对某人提供建议follow
sb’s
advice
=
take
sb’s
advice
接受某人的建议[例句]:
Christie
advises
us
to
practise
oral
English
as
often
as
possible.
Christie
建议我们要尽可能多练口语.[练习]:
用动词的适当形式填空。1）I
advise
that
you
_________________
fruit
that
isn’t
ripe.
我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.2）I'd
advise
_____________
a
different
approach.
3）I
was
advised
____________
earlier
so
as
to
avoid
the
rush
hour.
Keys:
1).
should
not
eat
2).
taking
3).to
start识记单词quality
n.质量；品质；性质
warm-hearted
adj.热心肠的active
adj.
积极的；活跃的
generous
adj.慷慨的；大方的easy-going
adj.随和的；温和宽容的
selfish
adj.自私的selfless
adj.无私的；忘我的
invader
n.侵略者republic
n.
共和国；共和政体
principle
n.
法则；原则；原理peaceful
adj．和平的；平静的；安宁的
giant
adj．巨大的；庞大的leap
n&V．飞跃；跳跃
mankind
n.人类
、lawyer
n.律师
guidance
n.指导；领导legal
adj．法律的；依照法律的
fee
n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金out
of
work失业
hopeful
adj．怀有希望的；有希望的youth
n.
青年；青年时期
league
同盟；联盟；联合会stage
n.舞台；阶段；时期
vote
vt.&
vi.
投票；选举
n.投票；选票attack
vt.
进攻；攻击；抨击
violence
n.
暴力；暴行unfair
adj．不公正的；不公平的
quote
n.
引用语；语录release
vt.释放；发行
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心escape
vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
blanket
n.
毛毯；毯子educate
vt.
教育；训练
educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的beg
vi．请求；乞求
relative
n.亲戚；亲属terror
n.
恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动
cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷president
n.
总统；会长；校长；行长
opinion
n.
意见；看法重点短语out
of
breath上气不接下气
out
of
patience
不耐烦out
of
use
没用了
out
of
date
过时out
of
order
次序颠倒；出故障
out
of
control
失控
out
of
sight
眼不见识记短语as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
come
to
power
当权
turn
to
sb
for…求助于某人lose
heart
灰心，丧失信心
worry
about
担心
believe
in
相信，信任put…in
prison
使…入狱
blow
up使充气；爆炸realize
one’s
dream
of
实现…的梦想
be
sentenced
to
被判处…(徒刑)
in
trouble
在困难，危险处境中
be
willing
to
do
乐于做…三、练习1.
单项选择 21.
—I
just
heard
from
Miss
Li
that
I
passed
the
exam.

—Oh,
________!

A.
cheer
up
B.
congratulations

C.
have
fun
D.
exactly
22.
A
great
number
of
visitors
________
attracted
to
my
hometown,
and
the
number
of
foreigners
there
_______
quite
large.

A.
are;
are
B.
are;
is
C.
is;
are
D.
is;
is
23.
He
devoted
himself
__________
to
his
research
and
got
many
achievements.

A.
entirely
B.
extremely
C.
carefully
D.
certainly
24.
In
order
______
a
good
engine
driver,
you
have
to
learn
from
the
experienced
ones.

A.
becoming
B.
became
C.
to
becoming
D.
to
become
25.
I
do
hope
that
you
can
give
me
some
good
_______
on
how
to
improve
my
spoken
English.

A.
bases
B.
tips
C.
fares
D.
opinions
26.
Kathy
told
me
that
all
the
doors
and
windows
_______
when
she
arrived
this
morning.

A.
have
cleaned
B.
have
been
cleaned

C.
had
cleaned
D.
had
been
cleaned
27.
Professor
Li
preferred
_______
lectures
to
his
students
to
_______
to
meetings
on
scientific
developments.

A.
to
give;
invite
B.
to
give;
be
invited

C.
giving;
being
invited
D.
giving;
inviting
28.
It’s
said
that
the
government
_______
a
program
on
environmental
protection
next
week.

A.
is
starting
B.
starts

C.
would
start
D.
was
starting
29.
—What
do
you
think
of
Sam,
the
newcomer

—Well,
he
talks
as
if
he
________
everything.

A.
had
known
B.
has
known
C.
knew
D.
will
know
30.
I
love
animals
and
that’s
the
reason
______
I
hate
the
people
who
kill
wild
animals
for
money.

A.
that
B.
in
which
C.
which
D.
why
31.
Most
of
the
local
people
insist
that
the
old
temple
_______
as
it
has
a
long
history.

A.
should
not
pull
down
B.
must
not
pull
down

C.
not
be
pulled
down
D.
would
not
be
pulled
down
32.
Although
I
have
studied
Chinese
for
nearly
two
years,
I
still
have
some
difficulty
_______
myself.

A.
expressing
B.
concerning

C.
communicating
D.
devoting
33.
This
is
the
deepest
swimming
pool
_______
I
have
ever
seen
in
China.

A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
that
34.
Many
websites
have
been
_______
to
help
people
study
foreign
languages.

A.
set
off
B.
set
up
C.
set
down
D.
set
out
35.
In
the
library,
I
found
a
useful
book
______
how
to
use
English
grammar.

A.
to
explain
B.
explained

C.
having
explained
D.
Explaining单词运用▲第一节
根据句子意思,从方框中选出合适的短语,并用其正确形式填空(其中有两个为多余项)。
dig
out,
care
about,
give
in,
as
usual,
at
midnight,
as
if,
right
away,
out
of
work,
set
up,
lose
heart,
in
ruins1.
Years
of
fighting
has
left
the
area
____.2.
The
greatest
failure
is
not
in
losing
the
game
but
in
________.3.
The
snowstorm
has
prevented
students
from
going
to
school
_____.4.
You
don’t
look
well.
You’d
better
go
and
see
a
doctor
_______.5.
The
farmer
___________
a
box
of
gold
coins
in
his
yard.6.
Though
he
doesn’t
seem
to
________
what
she
said,
he
is
in
fact
very
angry.7.
Many
people
are
______
because
they
have
had
little
education.
8.
He
__________
his
own
company
after
he
had
got
enough
money
and
experience.▲第二节
根据句子意思及括号中所给的中文提示,完成下列句子1.
Hurry
up!
The
train
______
_____
(要离开了).2.
Whenever
you
______
______
_____
(路过)
my
house,
please
drop
in.3.
He
is
the
last
man
_____
_____
_____
______
_______
(我想见的).4.
He
came
at
the
time
_______
______
_____
_____
(我们需要帮忙的时候).5.
The
sick
man
______
______
______
______
_______
(她在照料的)
is
her
father.6.
They
rushed
over
to
help
the
man______
______
(他的车)
had
broken
down.7.
I
did
not
get
a
pay
raise,
but
that
wasn’t
the
reason
_____
_____
_____
(我离开的原因).8.
He
cheated
at
the
exam,
_____
_____
____
_____
_____
______
(这使他的老师很生气).9.
她很喜欢吃各类奶制品,尤其喜欢奶酪。She
______
______
______
different
kinds
of
milk
products,
especially
cheese.10.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了。He
has
_____
_____
_____
_____
not
to
take
part
in
the
contest.▲第三节
短文改错

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意:原行没有错的不要改。
I
like
playing
football
on
the
playground
where
is
in
76.
______
the
north
of
our
school.
I
like
them
because
I
can
play
77.
______
football
with
friends
happy
and
we
can
also
have
matches.
78.
______
Although
we
are
busy
with
our
study,
but
we
always
79.
______
sparing
as
much
time
as
possible
to
practise.
As
a
matter
80.
______
of
fact,
I
begin
playing
football
when
I
was
only
eight
years
81.
______
old,
and
I
have
been
good
in
it.
I
joined
the
school
team
82.
______
as
soon
I
entered
senior
high
school.
What
fun
it
is
to
83.
______
play
football,
especially
on
the
beautiful
autumn
days
with
84.
______
numbers
of
fallen
leaf
on
the
ground.
85.
______
Keys:
21-25
BBADB
26-30
DCACD
31-35
CADBD第一节根据句子意思,从方框中选出合适的短语,并用其正确形式填空(其中有两个为多余项)。1.
in
ruins
2.
losing
heart
3.
as
usual
4.
right
away
5.
dug
out
6.
care
about
7.
out
of
work
8.
set
up
▲第二节根据句子意思及括号中所给的中文提示,完成下列句子(每空一词)。1.
is
leaving
2.
are
passing
by
3.
that
I
want
to
see
4.
when
we
needed
help
5.
she
is
taking
care
of
/
whom
she
is
looking
after6.
whose
car
7.
why
I
left
8.
which
made
his
teacher
very
angry9.
is
fond
of
10.
made
up
his
mind
▲第三节
短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)
76.
where
→which
/
that
77.
them
→it
78.
happy
→happily
79.
去掉but80.
sparing
→spare
81.
begin
→began
82.
in
→at
83.
I的前面加as
84.
√
85.
leaf
→leaves
四、小结
一、引入定义及相关术语 1.
定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。二、讲解 知识点一：关系代词引导的定语从句常用关系代词的用法如下：关系代词修饰的先行词所作成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语The
foreigner
who
visited
our
school
yesterday
is
from
Canada.
昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。They
planted
some
trees
that/which
didn't
need
much
water.
他们种了一些不需要浇太多水的树木。1.关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)只用that引导的定语从句
that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替who,
whom,
which等。下列情况只用that而不用which引导定语从句。①当先行词是不定代词all,
much,
little,
something,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none,
the
one时
Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself
你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？You
should
hand
in
all
that
you
have.
你应该上交你拥有的一切。②当先行词前面被the
only,
the
very(恰恰，正好),
any,
few,
little,
no,
all等词修饰时The
only
thing
that
we
can
do
is
give
you
some
money.
我们唯一能做的事情是给你一些钱。③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时This
is
the
best
that
has
been
used
against
pollution.
这是用来抵制污染最好的(方法)。This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I've
ever
seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时What
is
the
first
American
film
that
you
have
seen
你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？⑤当先行词既有人又有物时Do
you
know
the
things
and
persons
that
they
are
talking
about？你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗？
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost
哪一辆自行车是你丢的？Who
is
the
boy
that
won
the
gold
medal
获得金牌的男孩是谁？⑦当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shanghai
is
no
longer
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
上海不再是以前的那座城市了。(2)用which而不用that引导的定语从句
①which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能He
had
failed
in
the
maths
exam,
which
made
his
father
very
angry.他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。②在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导This
is
the
place
in
which
Lu
Xun
used
to
live.
这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。例题：(2011·山东，32)The
old
town
has
narrow
streets
and
small
houses
that/which
are
built
close
to
each
other.解析　本题考查定语从句。句意：这古老的城镇拥有狭窄的街道和一些小房子，这些房子都靠得很近。本题为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，用that/which引导。2.关系代词who，whom和whose的用法(1)关系代词who，whom先行词指人。who是主格，在从句中作主语，不可省略；
whom/that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略；
whose是属格，先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中用作定语，不可省略。The
man
who
was
here
yesterday
is
a
painter.
(who在从句中作主语)
昨天在这里的那个人是画家。I
know
the
man
whom
you
mean.
(whom在从句中用作宾语，可省略)
我认识你指的那个人。A
child
whose
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
(whose在从句中用作定语，不可省略)
失去父母的孩子叫孤儿。I'd
like
a
room
whose
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.
我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。＝I'd
like
a
room,
of
which
the
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.＝I'd
like
a
room,
the
window
of
which
looks
out
over
the
sea.例题：(陕西卷)The
old
temple
whose
roof
was
damaged
in
the
storm
is
now
under
repair.解析　该题中先行词为temple，将其代入后面的从句中可知temple作定语，故选whose。3.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：We
have
found
such
materials
as
are
used
in
their
factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These
houses
are
sold
at
such
a
low
price
as
people
expected.
(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们所期望的那样的低价出售了。He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)辨析：such...as...引导的定语从句与such...
that.
..引导的状语从句的区别：①He
is
such
a
clever
boy
as
everyone
likes.
他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。②He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。第一个句子包含了一个定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二句的从句不缺任何成分，是状语从句。(2)as表示“正如，正像”此时，as从句中常用know,
expect,
happen,
point
out,
plan,
suggest等单词或短语。He
came
back
home
late，as
we
expected.
正如我们所料，他回家晚了。As
is
pointed
out,
this
is
a
grammar
problem.
正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。例题：The
new
policy
only
covers
such
people
as
have
made
great
contributions
to
our
country
during
the
war.解析　句意：这项新政策只涉及那些在战争中为祖国做出重大贡献的人们。根据句意，判断先行词为people，又因先行词由such修饰，故用as。知识点二：关系副词引导的定语从句1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词，表时间用when，表地点用where，表原因用why引导He
will
always
remember
the
day
when
his
father
returned
from
America.
他将永远记得他父亲从美国回来的那一天。The
factory
where
his
father
works
is
the
largest
one
in
this
city.他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。
I
don't
know
the
reason
why
he
was
absent
today.
我不知道他今天为什么没来。2.介词＋关系代词＝
where/when/why/how
when＝表时间的介词(in，at,
during)＋which
where＝表地点的介词(in，at，on,
under)
＋
which
why＝表原因的介词(如for)
＋which
how＝表方式的介词(如in)＋which
3.关于关系副词where
高考对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。实际上，where的外延已发生变化，当先行词是表示某人/物的situation或某事发展的stage时都可用where这个关系副词。They
have
reached
the
point
where
they
have
to
separate
with
each
other.他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。
4.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分。比较：
Do
you
still
remember
the
days
that/which
we
spent
in
Qingdao
你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？Do
you
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
the
summer
holidays
in
Qingdao
你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？注意：关系代词或关系副词的选用，关键是看先行词与从句中动词的关系：先行词是否作从句中动词的宾语或主语；将先行词带入从句中是否需要添加介词。练习：1.
(·四川，9)Nowadays
people
are
more
concerned
about
the
environment
where
live.解析　本题考查定语从句引导词。先行词是environment为物(抽象地点)，而且定语从句中不缺少主语，
live在此为不及物动词，故选where
(＝in
which)。2.
Life
is
like
a
long
race
where
we
compete
with
others
to
go
beyond
ourselves.
解析　句意：生活像长跑比赛，我们与其他人竞争以超越我们自己。先行词为race，代入定语从句后为：...we
compete
with
others
to
go
beyond
ourselves
in
the
long
race.由此可见，race在定语从句中作状语，且表示地点，故用关系副词where。知识点三：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。This
is
the
book
for
which
you
asked.
(which不能省略)这是你所要的书。
This
is
the
book
which
you
asked
for.
(which可省略)这是你所要的书。
Is
this
the
house
in
which
Shakespeare
was
born
(which
不能省略)这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？He
paid
the
boy
$10
for
washing
ten
windows,
most
of
which
hadn't
been
cleaned
for
at
least
a
year.
(which不能省略)他付小男孩10美元擦10个窗户，大多数窗户至少一年没有清理过了。The
gentleman
about
whom
you
told
me
yesterday
proved
to
be
a
thief.
(whom不能省略)
昨天你告诉我的那个绅士结果是个小偷。2.“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定分两种情况：
(1)与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。The
man
I
talked
about
at
the
meeting
is
from
America.
在会议中我谈到的那个人来自美国。＝The
man
about
whom
I
talked
at
the
meeting
is
from
America.
但下面这句中for不可以提前，因为look
for是动词短语。This
is
the
person
(whom/who/that)
you
are
looking
for.
这就是你找的那个人。(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配。He
came
to
a
farm,
on
which
he
finally
settled.
他来到一个农场，最后在那里安了家。3.“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He
lived
in
a
big
house,
in
front
of
which
stood
a
big
tall
tree.他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。
练习：I
saw
a
woman
running
toward
me
in
the
dark.Before
I
could
recognize
who
she
was,
she
had
run
back
in
the
direction
from
which
she
had
come.
解析　考查“介词＋关系代词”形式的定语从句。考生易受思维定式的影响，认为本题中的先行词为direction，通常与介词in搭配，表示“朝……方向”，进而误用in
which。
句意：在黑暗中我看到一名女子向我跑来。还没有等我看清楚她是谁，她就沿着原来的方向跑回去了。根据句意，将先行词代入从句中应为she
had
come
from
the
direction，故用from
which。易错点1　as与which在定语从句中的区别(·安徽，29)A
lot
of
language
learning,
as
has
been
discovered,
is
happening
in
the
first
year
of
life,
so
parents
should
talk
much
to
their
children
during
that
period.解析　本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话A
lot
of
language
learning
is
happening
in
the
first
year
of
life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。【即时小练】We
recommend
that
our
human
beings
treat
the
nature
with
the
same
care
as
we
give
to
our
eyes.解析　先行词有the
same修饰，其后定语从句则用that或as引导。that表示同一个物，as表示同类中的一个。根据题意可知应选as。易错点2　关系词在句中的作用判断失误(·湖南模拟)Later
in
this
chapter
cases
will
be
introduced
to
readers
where
consumer
complaints
have
resulted
in
changes
in
the
law.解析　句意：在本章的后一部分，将给读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉已经使法律做出了修改。根据句意判定cases为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，相当于in
these
cases,
in
which＝where，即先行词在从句中作状语。【即时小练】Remember
that
there
is
still
one
point
that
we
must
make
clear
at
the
conference
tomorrow.解析　句意：记住还有一点是我们必须在明天会议上弄清楚的。先行词为point，代入定语从句中做make的宾语(make
the
point
clear)，故选关系代词that。易错点3　定语从句与强调句的判断(·黑龙江哈师大附中月考)It
was
in
the
small
house
whcih
was
built
with
stones
by
his
father
that
he
spent
his
childhood.解析　考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It
is/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。【即时小练】(·贵州五校联考)It
is
few
people,
who
have
come
to
ask
for
the
position,
that
I
think
are
fit
for
the
job.解析　考查定语从句及强调句型。第一空考查非限制性定语从句的关系词，people是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。第二空考查强调句型中的that。易错点4　由分隔问题而导致的错误The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.解析　句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于in
which，故用关系副词when。【即时小练】Occasions
are
quite
rare
when
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.解析　句意：我很少有这样的机会：抽出一天的时间陪孩子。根据句意可知，本题考查定语从句中的关系词。先行词为“occasions”，意为“机会”。由于空格后的句子不缺少成分，故应填关系副词when，在定语从句中作状语，相当于on
which三、练习1.【 湖南】29.
It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages..A.
as
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D
2.【 北京】24.
Opposite
is
St.Paul's
Church,
you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.A.
which
B.that
C.when
D.where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.
Paul’s
Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。3.【 重庆】14.
He
wrote
many
children’
s
books,
nearly
half
of
were
published
in
the
1990s.A.
whom
B.
which
C.
them
D.
that【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。
4.【 浙江】19.
Creating
an
atmosphere
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.A.
as
B.
whose
C.
in
which
D.
at
which【答案】C【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法。【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which"，指人则用"介词+whom"，
且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。5.【 天津】15.
The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。【考点定位】考查定语从句。6.【 四川】3.The
books
on
the
desk,
covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.A．which
B.
what
C.
whose
D.
that【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the
books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。7.
【 陕西】15.
As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family,
Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.A.
which
B.
where
C.
whom
D.
when【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the
time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。8.【 福建】34.China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership,
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
that
D.
Which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D9.【 江苏】21.The
number
of
smokers,
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.A.
it
B.
which
C.
what
D.
as【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the
number
of
smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The
number
of
smokers
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as
is
reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as
is
known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。10.【 安徽】28.Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
school
education
depends.A.
it
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which【答案】D【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。四、小结弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。一、引入阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。二、讲解 主旨大意型干扰项
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项
可能是从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项
可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)
:
据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:1)What
does
the
writer
mainly
tell
us
2)Which
of
the
following
can
summarize
the
main
idea
of
this
text 3)Which
of
the
following
best
expresses
the
main
idea 4)Which
is
the
subject
discussed
in
the
text 6)What's
the
best
title
for
this
passage 练习：In
spite
of
the
fact
that
cars
from
Germany
and
Japan
are
flooding
the
American
market,
Ford,
General
Motors
and
Chrysler
are
employing
more
workers
than
ever
before.
The
flood
of
cheaper
for-eign
cars
has
not
cast
American
autoworkers
their
jobs
as
some
experts
predicted.
Ford
operates
as
far
as
Asia,
and
General
Motors
is
considered
Australian's
biggest
employer.
Yet
General
Motors
has
its
huge
American
work
force
and
employs
hundreds
of
people
every
day
to
meet
the
needs
of
an
insatiable(不能满足的)
society.Question:
Which
of
the
following
statements
best
expresses
the
main
idea
of
the
paragraph A.
GM
is
one
of
the
largest
car
producers.B.
Ford
operates
not
only
in
the
U.S.A.,
but
also
in
Asia.C.
The
foreign
cars
have
not
taken
away
the
jobs
of
American
autoworkers.D.
The
flood
of
the
cheaper
foreign
cars
is
terrible
for
American
autoworkers.【解析】答案为C。take
sth.
away
of
sb.和
cast
sb.
sth.
的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。事实细节型解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,
who,
which,
where,
how,
why
等。干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的解题方法
:
原文定位法。查读法：1）带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who,
what,
when,
where问题有关的细节上。
2）细心!在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true 2）Which
of
the
following
is
not
mentioned
in
the
text 3）The
author
(
or
the
passage)
states
that___.4）According
to
the
passage,
when
(
where,
why,
how,
who,
what,
which,
etc.)___ 练习：The
human
body
is
a
living
machine,
and
like
all
machines,
it
needs
fuel
to
supply
it
with
energy.
That
is
the
food
we
eat.
But
how
much
do
we
need
to
stay
healthy
The
energy
value
of
food
is
usually
measured
in
calories.
A
calorie
is
the
amount
of
heat
required
to
raise
the
temperature
of
1kg
of
water
by
1℃.
The
number
of
calories
people
need
per
day
is
different,
as
the
chart
shows……
CALORIES
NEEDED
PER
DAYBaby
750Office
worker
2,700Child
aged
8
2,100Woman
feeding
baby
2,700Man
over
70
2,100Boy
aged
16
3,000Woman
3,600Farmer
2,600Q1)
____
calories
are
required
to
raise
the
temperature
of
5kg
of
water
from
35℃
to
90℃.
A.
55
B.
175
C.
325
D.
275Q2)
Which
statement
is
TRUE
according
to
the
chart
above A
child
aged
8
requires
more
than
3
times
the
amount
of
calories
that
a
baby
does.
B.
A
boy
aged
16
requires
nearly
twice
the
amount
of
calories
that
a
boy
aged
8
does.
C.
An
office
worker
requires
the
same
amount
of
calories
per
day
as
a
woman
feeding
a
baby
does.
D.
A
farmer
requires
nearly
1.5
times
the
amount
of
calories
that
an
office
worker
does.【解析】答案为
D
。
根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：
(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案为
C
。
根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D
四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出
C
符合图表内容。词义猜测型同义法：
常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法：如hot
and
cold,
give
and
receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法：对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。情景推断法、代词替代法等做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。4）特别注意熟词新意！练习：Most
women
in
Ghana——the
educated
and
illiterate,
the
urban
and
rural,
the
young
and
old
work
to
earn
an
income
in
addition
to
maintaining
their
roles
as
housewives
and
mothers.
Their
reputation
for
economic
independence,
self-reliance,
and
hard
work
is
well
known
and
well
deserved(应得的，值得的).
Q:
Which
of
the
following
is
closest
in
meaning
to
the
underlined
word
“illiterate”
A.
repeat
B.
reiterated
C.
uneducated
D.
sick
【解析】答案为
C
。
这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的（educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选
C
项推理判断型做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。常见的命题方式有：
The
passage
implies
(暗示)
that_______.
We
can
conclude
(得出结论)
from
the
passage
that_____.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
(推论)
What
is
the
tone
(语气)
of
the
author
What
is
the
purpose
(目的)
of
this
passage
The
passage
is
intended
to
_____.
Where
would
this
passage
most
probably
appear
练习1：The
concept
(n.观念)
of
personal
choice
in
relation
to
health
behaviors
is
an
important
one.
About
90
percent
of
all
illnesses
might
be
preventable
if
individual
(n.个人)
made
sound
(adj.健康的)
personal
health
choices
based
upon
present
(adj.现在的)
medical
knowledge.We
all
enjoy
our
freedom
of
choice
and
do
not
like
to
see
it
limited
when
it
is
within
the
legal
(adj.法律的)
and
moral
boundaries
(n.界限)
of
society.
The
structure
of
American
society
allows
us
to
make
almost
all
our
own
personal
decisions
that
may
affect
our
health.
If
we
do
desire,
we
can
smoke
,
drink
much,
refuse
to
wear
seat
belts,
eat
whatever
food
we
want,
and
live
a
completely
sedentary
(adj.久坐的，劳心的)
lifestyle
without
any
exercise.
Q:
The
concept
of
personal
choice
about
health
is
important
because____.
A.
personal
health
choices
help
cure
most
illnesses.
B.
it
helps
raise
the
level
of
our
medical
knowledge.
C.
it
is
basic
to
personal
freedom
in
American
society.
D.
wrong
decisions
could
lead
to
poor
health.解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选
D
。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。练习2：A
teacher
who
continually
draws
attention
to
rewards
or
who
hands
out
high
grades
for
ordinary
achievement
(n.成绩)
ends
up
with
uninspired
students.Eisenberger
holds
(vi.认为).
As
an
example
of
the
latter
(adj.近来的)
point
(n.观点),
he
notes
(vi.特别指出)
growing
efforts
at
major
universities
to
tighten
(v.使变得更紧)
grading
standards
(及格标准)
and
restore
(vt.恢复使用)
failing
grades
(不及格分数或标准).Q:
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
major
universities
are
trying
to
tighten
their
grading
standards
because
they
believe_____.A.
rewarding
poor
performance
(
n.成绩)
may
kill
the
creativity
of
students
.B.
punishment
is
more
effective
than
rewarding.
C.
failing
(v.给…不及格)
uninspired
students
helps
improve
their
overall
(adj.全面的)
academic
(adj.学校的)
standards.D.
Discouraging
(vt.使…失去信心)
the
students’
anticipation
(n.预期之事物)
for
easy
rewards
is
a
matter
of
urgency
(n.紧急).解析:
问题是文中
Eisenberger
举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析,
我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题……(答案:A)
The
topic
sentence:
A
teacher
ends
up
with
uninspired
(without
creativity)
students.译:
假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。三、练习 [·福建卷]
EA
MENTORING
(导师制)
program
is
giving
life
changing
opportunities
to
Banbury
youth.
Young
Inspirations
was
founded
two
years
ago
to
provide
mentoring
sessions
for
students
and
unemployed
young
adults
aged
11
to
21.Alex
Goldberg,
the
program's
founder,
said：“We
set
up
Young
Inspirations
because
we
wanted
to
give
young
people
experiences
which
will
potentially
be
life
changing
and
broaden
their
outlook.“We
try
to
create
work
experience
opportunities
that
will
really
make
a
difference
to
our
youth.
For
example,
we've
secured
internships
(实习)
with
world－famous
firms
such
as
Honda.“At
a
time
of
funding
cutbacks
where
schools
are
finding
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
offer
this
kind
of
mentoring,
it
is
extremely
important
that
these
opportunities
are
available
both
to
help
youth
with
their
school
work
and
grades
and
to
give
them
opportunities
which
may
help
shape
their
futures.”
Kieran
Hepburn,
14,
is
one
of
a
group
of
Banbury
youth
who
has
benefited
from
the
program
so
far.
In
October
the
Banbury
School
pupil
was
accompanied
by
Young
Inspirations
staff
to
Paris
where
he
was
an
observer
at
the
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization's
(UNESCO)
International
Youth
Forum
(论坛)．The
event
was
held
for
young
people
from
around
the
world,
to
seek
their
views
on
how
the
future
of
youth
and
education
should
look.
Kieran
joined
several
hundred
observers
mostly
in
their
20s
and
was
the
only
UK
school
pupil
to
attend
the
event.
Kieran
thinks
the
trip
was
a
life
changing
experience.
“Before
we
left
I
didn't
quite
know
what
to
make
of
it
but
when
we
got
there
we
didn't
stop;
it
was
amazing，”
he
said,
“We
went
to
three
or
four
hours
of
debates
each
day
and
then
did
something
cultural
each
afternoon.”The
main
theme
of
the
forum
was
how
youth
can
drive
change
in
political
and
public
life.
It
dealt
with
issues
(问题)
such
as
drug
abuse,
violence
and
unemployment.Kieran
said:
“It
has
really
helped
me
to
improve
my
confidence
and
social
skills
as
well
as
my
school
grades
and
I
was
voted
most
improved
pupil
at
school
in
August.”The
Young
Inspirations
mentoring
sessions
take
place
each
Friday
in
Banbury.
For
details
visit
www..71．The
Young
Inspirations
mentoring
program
aims
to
________．A.
train
staff
for
world－famous
firms
B.
offer
job
opportunities
to
young
adultsC.
provide
youth
with
unique
experiences
D.
equip
the
unemployed
with
different
skills72．According
to
Alex
Goldberg,
it
is
difficult
for
schools
to
offer
the
mentoring
due
to
________．A.
the
lack
of
support
from
firms
B.
the
cultural
differencesC.
the
effect
of
unemployment
D.
the
shortage
of
money73．According
to
the
passage,
the
forum
focused
on
how
youth
can
________．A.
build
up
their
confidence
at
school
B.
find
work
experience
opportunitiesC.
improve
their
social
skills
for
the
future
D.
play
an
active
role
in
the
change
of
society74．We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
________．A．the
visit
to
the
United
Kingdom
was
amazingB．Kieran
has
made
great
progress
in
many
aspectsC．the
youth
have
found
a
way
to
solve
their
problemsD．the
mentoring
sessions
are
held
every
day
except
Friday75．What
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage A．Alex
Goldberg,
Founder
of
Young
InspirationsB．Young
People
Find
a
World
of
OpportunityC．Kieran,
Banbury
School
Pupil
to
ParisD．Debates
Help
Youth
with
Their
Grades【要点综述】
本文通过介绍“导师制”项目及参与该项目学生的自我评述和总结，说明社会实践有利于学生们学业的提高和视野的扩大，用具体事例说明参与社会实践的好处。71．C　推理判断题。纵观全文，多处说到该项目的目的是为学生提供社会实践的机会，帮助学生们提高学业成绩和丰富社会经验，故答案应为C。72．D　细节理解题。根据第五段
“At
a
time
of
funding
cutbacks
where
schools
are
finding
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
offer
this
kind
of
mentoring…”
可知，学校是因为资金不足而未能组织学生参加社会实践活动。cutback
削减。73．D　细节理解题。选项A、B和C都只是论坛关注的一个方面而非全部，选项D是对A、B和C的全面概括。74．B　细节理解题。从文章后半部分可以看出，Kieran认为自己在许多方面均取得很大的进步，其他选项均不符合原文意思。75．B　主旨大意题。学生们通过社会实践找到了提高成绩和丰富经验的机会。只有选项B最能概括文章中心意思，其他选项都不够全面。[·广东卷]
DWhile
Jennifer
was
at
hose
taking
an
online
exam
for
her
business
law
class,
a
monitor（监控器）a
few
hundred
miles
away
was
watching
her
every
move.
Using
a
web
camera
equipped
in
Jennifer’s
Los
Angels
apartment
,
the
monitor
in
Phoenix
tracked
how
frequently
her
eyes
moved
form
the
computer
screen
and
listened
for
the
secret
sounds
of
a
possible
helper
in
the
room.
Her
Internet
access
was
locked
—
remotely
—
to
prevent
Internet
searches,
and
her
typing
style
was
analyzed
to
make
sure
she
was
who
she
said
she
was:
Did
she
enter
her
student
number
at
the
same
speed
as
she
had
in
the
past
Or
was
she
slowing
down
In
the
battle
against
cheating,
this
is
the
cutting
edge
and
a
key
to
encourage
honesty
in
the
booming
field
of
online
education.
The
technology
gives
trust
to
the
entire
system,
to
the
institution
and
to
online
education
in
general.
Only
with
solid
measures
against
cheating,
experts
say,
can
Internet
universities
show
that
their
exams
and
diplomas
are
valid
—
that
students
haven’t
just
searched
the
Internet
to
get
the
right
answers.
Although
online
classes
have
existed
for
more
than
a
decade,
the
concern
over
cheating
has
become
sharper
in
the
last
year
with
the
growth
of
"open
online
courses."
Private
colleges,
public
universities
and
corporations
are
jumping
into
the
online
education
field.
spending
millions
of
dollars
to
attract
potential
students,
while
also
taking
steps
to
help
guarantee
honesty
at
a
distance.
Aside
from
the
web
cameras,
a
number
of
other
high-tech
methods
are
becoming
increasingly
popular
Among
them
are
programs
that
check
students’
identities
using
personal
information,such
as
the
telephone
number
they
once
used.
Other
programs
can
produce
unique
exam
by
drawing
on
a
large
list
of
questions
and
can
recognize
possible
cheaters
by
analyzing
whether
difficult
test
questions
are
answered
at
the
same
speed
as
easy
ones.
As
in
many
university
classes,
term
papers
are
scanned
against
some
large
Internet
data
banks
for
cheating.
Why
was
Jennifer
watched
in
annoying
exam

To
correct
her
typing
mistakes.
B.To
find
her
secrets
in
the
room.
C.
to
prevent
her
form
slowing
down.
D.To
keep
her
from
dishonest
behaviors.
解析：D
推理判断题。由第三段第一句In
the
battle
against
cheating可知，前面两段对Jennifer在家考试中受监控器的监控的具体描述是为了防止他作弊。
The
underlined
expression
cutting
edge
in
Paragraph
3
is
closest
in
meaning
to
______.
advanced
technique
B.sharpening
tool
C.effective
rule
D.dividing
line
解析：A
词义推断题。由第二段的具体描述来看，这是防止作弊的先进技术，另外，也可以从第五段的第一句中的other
high-tich
methods(另外的高科技方法)得到启示，要选A。其他选项“磨锐刀具”“有效的规则”“分界线”都不合语境。
For
internet
universities,
exams
and
diplomas
will
be
valid
if
_____.
they
can
attract
potential
students
B.they
can
defeat
academic
cheating
C.they
offer
students
online
help
D.they
offer
many
online
courses
解析：B
细节理解题。由第三段最后一句Only
with
solid
measures
against
cheating,
experts
say,
can
Internet
universities
show
that
their
exams
and
diplomas
are
valid可知，只有有了打击作弊的强有力的措施，网络大学才能表明他们的考试和文凭是有效的。
Some
programs
can
find
out
possible
cheaters
by
_____.
checking
the
question
answering
speed
B.producing
a
large
number
of
question
C.scanning
the
Internet
test
question
D.giving
difficult
test
question
解析：A
细节理解题。由最后一段第二句recognize
possible
cheaters
by
analyzing
whether
difficult
test
questions
are
answered
at
the
same
speed
as
easy
ones可知，是通过分析答题的速度来判断是否作弊，故选A。
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
of
this
passage
A.The
Advantages
of
Online
Exams
B.The
High-tech
Methods
in
Online
Courses
C.The
Fight
against
Cheating
in
Online
Education
D.The
War
against
the
Booming
of
Online
Education
解析：主旨大意题。选项A(在线考试的优点)文中无此内容，应排除；选项B(在线课程的高科技方法)，文中只提到防止作弊的高科技方法，B的范围过大，应排除；选项D(反对网络教育蓬勃发展的战争)与短文内不符，应排除；全文都是介绍打击网上教育的作弊，故选C。[北京卷]
DMultitaskingWhat
is
the
first
thing
you
notice
when
you
walk
into
a
shop
The
products
displayed
(展示)
at
the
entrance
Or
the
soft
background
music But
have
you
ever
notice
the
smell
Unless
it
is
bad,
the
answer
is
likely
to
be
no.
But
while
a
shop’s
scent
may
not
be
outstanding
compared
with
sights
and
sounds,
it
is
certainly
there.
And
it
is
providing
to
be
an
increasing
powerful
tool
in
encouraging
people
to
purchase.A
brand
store
has
become
famous
for
its
distinctive
scent
which
floats
through
the
fairly
dark
hall
and
out
to
the
entrance,
via
scent
machines.
A
smell
may
be
attractive
but
it
may
not
just
be
used
for
freshening
air.
One
sports
goods
company
once
reported
that
when
it
first
introduced
scent
into
its
stores,
customers’
intention
to
purchase
increased
by
80
percent.When
it
comes
to
the
best
shopping
streets
in
Pairs,
scent
is
just
as
important
to
a
brand’s
success
as
the
quality
of
its
window
displays
and
goods
on
sales.
That
is
mainly
because
shopping
is
a
very
different
experience
to
what
it
used
to
be.Some
years
ago,the
focus
for
brand
name
shopping
was
on
a
few
people
with
sales
assistants’
disproving
attitude
and
don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford
displays.
Now
the
rise
of
electronic
commerce
(e-commerce)
has
opened
up
famous
brands
to
a
wider
audience.
But
while
e-shops
can
use
sights
and
sounds,
only
bricks-and-mortar
stores
(实体店)
can
offer
a
full
experience
from
the
minute
customers
step
through
the
door
to
the
moment
they
leave.
Another
brand
store
seeks
to
be
much
more
than
a
shop,
but
rather
a
destination.
And
scent
is
just
one
way
to
achieve
this.Now
a
famous
store
uses
complex
man-made
smell
to
make
sure
that
the
soft
scent
of
baby
powder
floats
through
the
kid
department,
and
coconut
(椰子)
scent
in
the
swimsuit
section.
A
department
store
has
even
opened
a
new
lab,
inviting
customers
on
a
journey
into
the
store’s
windows
to
smell
books,
pots
and
drawers,
in
search
of
their
perfect
scent.67.
According
to
the
passage,
what
is
an
increasingly
powerful
tool
in
the
success
of
some
brand
store A.
Friendly
assistant.
B.
Unique
scents.C.
Soft
background
music
D.
attractive
window
display.68.
E-shops
are
mentioned
in
the
passage
to
_______
.A.
show
the
advantages
of
brick-and-mortar
storesB.
urge
shop
assistants
to
change
their
attitudeC.
push
stores
to
use
sights
and
soundsD.
introduce
the
rise
of
e-commerce69.
The
underlined
word
“destination”
in
Paragraph
5
means
_______
.A.
a
platform
that
exhibits
goodsB.
a
spot
where
travelers
like
to
stayC.a
place
where
customers
love
to
goD.
a
target
that
a
store
expects
to
meet70.
The
main
purpose
of
the
passage
is
to
______
.A.
compare
and
evaluate
B.
examine
and
assessC.
argue
and
discuss
D.inform
and
explain67.B.
细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句话得出。”And
it
is
proving
to
be
an
increasingly
powerful
tool
in
encouraging
people
to
purchase.”68.A.
细节题。根据文章第五段中“But
while
e-shops
can
use
sights
and
sounds,
only
bricks-and-mortar
stores
(实体店)
can
offer
a
full
experience
from
the
minute
customers
step
through
the
door
to
the
moment
they
leave.”得出选A。69.C.
词义推断题。本段说的都是对顾客的吸引，故只有C选项含有customer
一词。70.D.
文章目的题。文章通过一系列问句开头，在第二段“And
it
is
proving
to
be
an
increasingly
powerful
tool
in
encouraging
people
to
purchase.”
告知事实，同时后文对这一现象做出了解释。故选D四、小结阅读理解不同题型对应的解题技巧，细心很重要。课后作业一、完形填空
John
Madden
is
a
great
sports
player,
coach
and
National
Football
League
(NFL)
commentator
(解说员).
He
brought
his
excitement
and
36
for
the
sport
to
television
audience