动词的-ed形式具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可作定语、表语、补语、状语等。
The keys:
1．作定语： lost written by him which was written by him
被动进行，被动将来
2. 作表语 ：satisfied, prepared
现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。
过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。
interesting — interested encouraging — encouraged delighting—delighted
disappointing—disappointed pleasing—pleased puzzling—puzzled
satisfying—satisfied surprising—surprised exciting — excited
3. 作宾补： heard sung make understood
4. 作状语：examined, heated, A, brought up, Seeing from, Seen from,
5. 独立主格：fixed on , were fixed on
6. 独立成分：
given鉴于, put frankly 坦白的说，
generally speaking一般说来, judging from根据…来看,
considering考虑到, supposing假如, talking of说到,
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1Unit 3 Module 5 Grammar 导学案
Past participle(过去分词)
动词的-ed形式具有________、______词的特征，在句中可作_____ ____ ____ ____等
I. V-ed used as attribute:
1.位置: 单个过去分词一般位于名词前, 过去分词短语位于名词后,在功能上相当于一个定语从句。
e.g. The stolen car was found by the police last week.
The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.
=The speaker answered all the questions that were raised by the audience.
e.g. The __________ time can never be found again. 时光一去不复返。
This novel _______ _______ ______ has been sold out in a few days.
= This novel ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ has been sold out in a few days.
他写的小说几天就卖完了。
2. 不及物动词的v-ed式也可作前置定语，但只表完成, 不表被动
e.g. a retired worker 一位退休工人 the risen sun 升起了的太阳
思考：
(1)The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with daily life.（表被动完成）
(2)The problem being discussed now has nothing to do with daily life.（___________）
(3)The problem to be discussed tomorrow has nothing to do with daily life.(_________)
II. V-ed used as predictive (C级)
1.过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，
e.g. The window is broken.
She was greatly excited.
e.g. She felt _________ with her performance on the high-and-low bars.(satisfy)
The students are fully ____________.(prepare)
思考：现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的不同之处？____________________
这类动词有哪些？___________________________________________________
III. V-ed used as the Object Complement (B级)
1. 表“感觉和心理状态”的动词，如:
see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice , etc.+ object(宾语) + v-ed
e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police.
2. 使役动词: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.+ object(宾语) + v-ed
e.g. We must get the table cloth washed.
e.g. I ever ________ the song _______ in French.
我曾经听人用法语唱这首歌。
He managed to ________ himself ________.
他好不容易让别人明白了他的意思。
思考：过去分词, 不定式, 现在分词作宾语补足语的区别？
__________________________________________________________
IV. V-ed used as the Adverbial (B级)
1.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句
e.g. Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
=When he was asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
Completely__________ by the doctor, he went back to school right away.
经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校
2.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句
e.g. Given more time, I could do it much better..
=If I was given more time, I could do it much better.
_________, water changes into steam.水加热时就会变成水蒸气.
3.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句
e.g. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
=Because he was born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
e.g.________by Yang Liwei’s speech, the students are determined to study even better.
A.Deeply moved B. Having deeply moved
C.To be deeply moved D.Moving deeply
4.过去分词作让步状语相当于状语从句
e.g. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.
=Although they were defeated many times, they continue to fight.
e.g._________ ________ in the countryside, he got used to the city life quickly.(bring up)
尽管在农村长大，他很快适应了城市生活。
5.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的分句
e.g The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of student.
注：过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确,也可以在分词前加上对应的连词when, while, as, once , if，although, though等；带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.
如：Unless (the flowers are) watered, the flowers won’t live through the winter.
思考：(1) _____________the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.
从山顶看, 能看到一个美丽的公园。
(2) ______________the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.
从山顶看，公园很美丽。
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语有什么不同？___________________________
Ⅴ.V-ed的独立主格结构
动词-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，构成“逻辑主语+V-ed”的结构在句中作状语
e.g. Everything done, we went home.
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes ______ _______the blackboard.（fix on）
= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes _______ ______ ______ the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
Ⅵ.有些分词词组可在句中用作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制，如：
Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考虑到他平时的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。
Frankly speaking, I don’t agree with what he said.
坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。
这样的分词词组你还知道哪些呢？_____________________________________________
学习小结：过去分词的意义：________________________ ________________________
过去分词的功能：_________________________________________________
