【词条1】operate
【课文原句】Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people. (Page 50, Lines 4-6)
【点拨】operate在此句中用作及物动词,意为"操作,运作,实施"。又如:
Our school will operate some plans to help poor students.
Can you tell me how to operate the heating system
【拓展】
(1) operate还可以用作不及物动词,表示"(机器)运转,工作；经营,营业"等意思。例如:
Solar panels (太阳能电池板) can only operate in sunlight.
The music club plans to operate in the city next month.
(2) operate用作不及物动词,还可以表示"动手术"的意思,并且常用结构operate on sb. for sth.,意为"为某事给某人动手术"或perform an operation on sb.,意为"给某人动手术"。例如:
The doctor is going to operate on a patient for stomachache.
He will perform an operation on the patient tomorrow morning.
(3) operate的名词形式是operation,表示"军事行动；操作,实施；手术"等意思,常用结构有:come into operation生效；put ... into operation使……生效。例如:
He was the officer in charge of operations.
Operation of this machine is very simple.
He made a three-hour heart operation on the patient.
When does the new law come into operation
The law will be put into operation next month.
【词条2】remind
【课文原句】What I want to remind everyone is, without your support —such as giving money —UNICEF would not be able to do so much good work.(Page 57)
【点拨】remind在此句中用作及物动词,意为"提醒,使想起",常用结构remind sb. of ／about sth.使某人想起某事。又如:
Please remind me if I have forgotten the appointment.
Sorry, I’ve forgotten his name, will you remind me of it
【拓展】
(1) remind后面还可以跟不定式和从句,构成remind sb. to do sth. / remind sb. + that从句,表示"使某人想起某事/提醒某人某事"。例如:
She reminded me that I hadn’t written to Mother.
Can you remember to remind me to write to Mother
(2) reminder为名词,意为"引起回忆的事物,提醒人的事物"。例如:
The accident served as a reminder of how dangerous overspeed is.
This matter becomes a reminder to me in the future.
【短语1】refer to
【课文原句】I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. (Page50, Lines 1-2)
【点拨】refer to在此句中用作被动语态,意为"(被)谈及,提到"。又如:
The professor the president referred to is a famous scientist.
Coal is usually referred to as a fossil fuel.
【拓展】
(1) refer to还可以表示"涉及,与……有关；查阅,参考"的意思。例如:
When I said someone was stupid, I wasn’t referring to you.
If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can refer to a dictionary.
(2) 动词refer的名词形式为reference,意为"提及,涉及；参考,查询,查阅",常见短语:make (a) reference to提及,涉及；with / in reference to (所述内容)关于；a reference book参考书,工具书。例如:
He tried to avoid making any reference to weddings.
He made a speech in reference to the new plan.
If you are not sure about the usage of this word, you can refer to a reference book.
【短语2】setout
【课文原句】It has a charter which sets out its main purposes.(Page 53)
【点拨】set out在此句中意为"提出,制定出",相当于put forward的意思。又如:
We need to set out a plan to solve the current problem.
At the meeting, he only set out his main purpose.
【拓展】
(1) set out还有"出发,动身；开始工作,打算(做)；陈述；安排,摆放"等多种意思。例如:
They will set out in search of the lost child.
We set out to paint the house before raining.
You can set out your own views about the issue.
We need to set out some chairs for the meeting.
(2) set构成的其他短语还有:set about sth. / doing sth.着手做某事；set off出发,动身,启程；引发,激起；使爆炸等；set down让某人下车；写下,记下；set aside搁置,不理会；省出,留出(钱或时间)；be set in以……为背景；set sb. a good example为某人树立一个好榜样；set foot in / on踏上；a set of一套。例如:
It began to rain when we set about doing housework.
The famous play, The Invisible Bench, is set in a park.
When set foot on the Great Wall, I thought of many things.
单元热点语法
虚拟语气(3)
一、混合式虚拟语气
通常情况下,在虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式,这种虚拟语气称为"混合式虚拟语气"或"错综时间虚拟语气"。例如:
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If the boy hadn’t been saved this after-noon, his family would not be in peace now. If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it.
【典题赏析】It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
解析:B。此句主句的宾语从句中谓语用的是would be doing,表示与现在事实相反,这根据时间状语today可知,而if从句是表示与过去事实相反,这从at the age of seven可以看出,所以if从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
二、含蓄条件句
1. 由某些介词短语取代了if引导的条件状语从句,这类介词或介词短语通常有with, without, but for等。例如:
Without air, there would be no life on the earth.
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
We could have done the work better in that case.
【典题赏析1】Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.(2008年山东卷)
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
解析:B。根据last week可知"如果上周你不帮助我们,我们(上周)是不会设法完成此事的"。根据语境,用without you代替虚拟条件从句if you hadn’t helped us,故主句中应用选项B形式。
【典题赏析2】But for the help of my English teacher, he _________ first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009年福建卷)
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
解析:B。此句中but for the help of my English teacher表示一个虚拟条件,即if my English teacher hadn’t helped me,所以主句中谓语动词也表示与过去事实相反,因此B项正确。
2. 由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句。例如:
He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend. I was ill that day, otherwise / or I would have taken part in your birthday party. (本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.)
注意:在连词but, or和副词other-wise作引导词的句子中,句子一半为虚拟语气,另一半为陈述语气。一般情况下but的前句用虚拟语气,而or / otherwise的后句用虚拟语气。
【典题赏析】He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal. (2001年上海春季卷)
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
解析:"他在踢球前犹豫了一下"这是事实,"否则他就射门得分了"这是虚拟事实,故D项正确。虚拟条件根据语境应是if he hadn’t hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball。
【词条1】participate
【课文原句】If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men.(Page 35, Lines 39-40)
【点拨】participate在此句中用作动词,短语participate in意为"参加……",相当于take part in。又如:
How many countries participated in the 29th Olympic Games
We want to encourage students to participate in the sports meeting.
【拓展】
(1) 短语辨析:participate in / take part in / join / join in
●participate in 与take part in常用来表示参加某一项活动,如比赛、讨论等,而participate in还可以表示参加某一会议,此时等同于attend。例
如:
Mary didn’t go to participate in / take part in the discussion yesterday.
My advice is that all students should participate in / attend the conference.
●join常表示加入某一组织,如政党、委员会、协会等,而join (sb.) in (doing) sth.则表示参与到某人做某事的活动中去。例如:
Some of the students in our school have joined the Party.
Will you join us in celebrating the New Year
(2) participate的名词形式是participation,意为"参加"；participant意为
"参加者"。例如:
Workers’participation in management is a way to solve the problem.
All participants in the debate had an opportunity to speak.
【词条2】adjust
【课文原句】It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.(Page 35, Lines 50-51)
【点拨】adjust在此句中用作动词,意为"适应",常构成短语adjust to,其中to为介词,后面接名词或动词-ing形式,也可以构成adjust yourself to sth.。又如:
It took her a long time to adjust to living alone in America.
You will soon adjust yourself to college life.
【拓展】
(1) adjust to还可以表示"调整,调节",常构成adjust sth. to sth,意为"调整……以适应"。例如:
The ice skate can be adjusted to the size you want.
You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.
Our body can quickly adjust itself to changes in temperature.
(2) adjust的名词形式是adjustment,意为"调节,调整"；adjust的形容词形式是adjustable,意为"可调节的,可调整的"。例如:
I’ve made a few minor adjustments to the plan.
You must wear the adjustable seat belts while you are driving.
【词条3】analyze
【课文原句】It was very interesting talking to them and analyzing some of the many cultural differences between countries.(Page 37)
【点拨】analyze在此句中用作及物动词,也可写作analyze,意为"分析"。又如:
Let’s analyze the problem and see what went wrong.
The coach tried to analyze the cause of our defeat.
【拓展】
(1) analyze的名词形式是analysis,其复数是analyses,意为"分析"。例如:
You need to carry out a chemical analysis before doing the experiment.
The analysis of the milk showed some problems.
(2) 短语in the final / last analysis相当于in a word的意思,意为"总之,归根结底"。例如:
In the final analysis, he is a child of five years old.
【短语1】in celebration of
【课文原句】The British teachers didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of.(Page 34, Lines 14-15)
【点拨】in celebration of在此句中是一个介词短语用作状语,相当于to celebrate,意为"(为)庆祝……"。又如:
We held a party in celebration of Mother’s fiftieth birthday.
All students are here in celebration of their good results.
【拓展】与in celebration of结构类似的短语还有in charge of负责,掌管；in memory of / in honour of (为) 纪念……；in favor of赞成,主张；in possession of拥有；in search of寻找；in need of需要；in aid of帮助等,它们在句中可用作谓语(与be动词连用),状语或定语。例如:
After the former manager left, he was in charge of the company. ( 作谓语)
An excuse in favor of him will be discussed in the meeting room. ( 作定语)
She was found in possession of dangerous drugs. (作状语)
【短语2】logoff
【课文原句】Well, guys, it’s time for me to log off.(Page 35, Line 59)
【点拨】log off在此句中意为"(电脑)关机或(聊天)下线"。又如:
You must remember to log off before you go home.
I had to log off because we were forbid-den to chat online.
【拓展】短语log off是有关电脑的专业用语,不能说成log off computer或log computer off；其同义短语为log out,意为"退出,注销(计算机系统)",其反义短语是log in / on意为"登陆,注册,进入(计算机系统)"。例如:
Please log out first before you shut down the computer.
You can chat with me online as long as you log on.
单元热点语法
虚拟语气(1)
一、英语常用语气回顾
在英语句子中,谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英语中常见的谓语动词的语气有三种:
1. 直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态。例如:
Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you played the piano. (2009全国卷I)
2. 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等。例如:
Please do me a favor —invite my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.(2009湖南卷)
3. 虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望或假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气中说话者所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至没有实现的可能性,但是有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。例如:
I wish you were more careful.
If I had had more time, I would had done the work better.
Would you mind if I closed the window
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用
1. 真实条件句与非真实条件句
(1)真实条件句:并不是if引导的条件从句都是虚拟语气。如果if从句所指的事很有可能发生,那么这是真实条件句；反之,则是虚拟条件句。真实条件句中主从句的时态关系
条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall\ will + 动词原形
例如:
—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow
—If it doesn’t rain.(2009全国卷II)
(2) 非真实条件句:在非真实条件句即虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语部分构成如下表所示:
条件从句主句与现在事实相反did l were would (might, could) + do
与过去事实相反had done l had been would (might, could) + have done
与将来事实相反did l were should do l should be were to do would (might, could, should) + do
例如:
If I had money, I would lend you some.(与现在事实相反)
If I were you, I would not give it up. (与现在事实相反)
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the bus.(与过去事实相反)
If he had known her address, he would had gone to visit her.(与过去事实相反)
If I should have a chance, I would try my best.(与将来事实相反)
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.(与未来事实相反)
【典题赏析】
1. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009年天津卷)
A. would B. should C. could D. might
解析:B。根据within the first year可知此假设指将来,再根据主句中的would repair可知此句是虚拟语气,表示与将来事实可能相反,故从句用"should +动词原形"。
2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get
B. drove, wouldn’t get
C. were driving, wouldn’t get
D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
解析:
D。根据didn’t可知此句语境发生在过去,故此句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以D项正确。
【词条1】struggle
【课文原句】To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, happiness can simply mean a day without pain or just being alive.(Page18, Lines 3-5)【点拨】struggle在此句中用作不及物动词,和with搭配,意为"与……斗争,抗争"。也可以和against搭配。又如:
He struggled with those wolves and eventually drove them off.
They have struggled against cancer for nearly two years.
【拓展】
(1) struggle作不及物动词时常有搭配:struggle for sth.意为"为……而奋斗"；struggle to do sth.意为"努力做……"；struggle with sb. 意为"和……搏斗,扭打"。例如:
They struggled for a good life by working day and night.
John struggled to pass his final examinations.
Jack was struggling with Tom on the grass.
(2) struggle还可以用作名词,意为"斗争；奋斗,努力；搏斗,挣扎"。例如:
Their struggle for freedom never stops.
In fact, many people were hurt in the struggle.
【词条2】accomplish
【课文原句】... , she was able to over-come her disappointment and just be proud of the things she had accomplished. (Page19, Lines 51-52)
【点拨】accomplish在此句中用作及物动词,意为"完成,实现"。又如:
I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months.
Your prediction was accomplished in the end.
【拓展】
(1) accomplish的名词形式为accomplishment,意为"成就,成绩"；accomplish的同义词为achieve,其名词形式为achievement。例如:
The project is one of his greatest accomplishments.
He had finally achieved success after many efforts.
(2)比较accomplish, complete
accomplish后面常接task, aim, journey, voyage等,表示完成一些抽象的事情；complete后面常接建筑、工程、书等作宾语,侧重于把未完成的工作经过进一步努力做完。例如:
We all think that he can accomplish his purpose.
The fact is that the railway is not completed yet.
【词条3】adapt
【课文原句】And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life (Page19, Line 56)
【点拨】adapt在此句中用作动词,意为"适应……",常与to搭配使用。又如:
It took me quite a while to adapt myself to the new environment.
Students have adapted themselves to the new teaching method.
【拓展】
(1) adapt用作动词时还有"改写,改编"的意思。例如:
The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.
Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth’s latest novel for television.
(2) adapt的形容词形式为adaptable,意为"能适应的,有适应能力的"；名词形式为adaptation,表示"适应,适应性"时为不可数名词；表示"改编本"时为可数名词。例如:
She is outgoing, so she is easily adaptable to new surroundings.
We will be trained for adaptation to special environment this summer.
I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare.
(3) adapt to的近义短语为adjust to。例如:
It’s hard for me to adapt to the new lifestyle in London.
Astronauts in flight must adjust (themselves) to weightlessness.
【短语1】apart from
【课文原句】Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics. (Page18, Lines 29-30)
【点拨】apart from在此句中意为"远离,和……不在一起",相当于far away from的意思。又如:
In order to make a living, he has to live apart from his family.
Some friends stood far apart from me due to my bad cough.
【拓展】apart from还可以表示"除了……之外(还有) = besides；除了……= except (for)"的意思。例如:
I’ve finished all of them apart from (= except) the last question.
They also have a house in Beijing apart from (=besides) one in Nanjing.
【短语2】devote oneself to
【课文原句】Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.(Page18, Lines 29-30)
【点拨】devote oneself to在此句中是一个动词短语,意为"献身(于)……",其中to为介词,其后跟名词、动名词或代词。又如:
He has devoted himself to the scientific research.
After graduation, he devoted himself to teaching.
【拓展】
(1) devote后面的宾语除了oneself外还可以是其他的事物；be devoted to (doing) sth.也表示"致力于……,献身于……"。例如:
She has devoted all her energy to helping the poor.
All her energies / life was devoted to the care of homeless people.
(2) devote的名词形式是devotion,意为"致力,献身；关爱,热爱"。例如:
Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
He received respect and devotion from his pupils.
(3) 其他常见短语中to为介词的还有:lead to导致；stick to坚持；refer to涉及,参考；object to反对等。例如:
You should know you must stick to your word.
I object to taking your advice on be-half of my boss.
复习过去时态
过去时态是指动作发生在过去的一组时态,主要包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时等。
一、一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作。例如:
We paid a visit to a mountain village the day before yesterday.
Before long, the old scientist returned to his country.
I still remember this story happened ten years ago.
2. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。例如:
He said he usually went to bed at ten o’clock.
At that time he often went fishing. He told me he never played computer games.
3. 表示过去持续性动作。例如:
She stayed in America for three months last year.
How long did you study in this college
We played football for two hours yesterday.
另外,一般过去时还经常用于在现在的时间表达过去发生的动作。例如:
I know who was in charge of the work. (谁曾经负责这项工作)
I will tell you how we got there. (过去如何到达)
二、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如:
When I went to see her, she was writing a letter to her parents.
I was dancing with Mary at this time yesterday.
What were you doing at that time
三、过去完成时在语境上含有"过去的过去"之意,强调在过去某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如:
I had finished my homework before you came in.
It seemed that he had already found his lost pen.
注意:表达过去并列性动作时不可用过去完成时。例如:
He came in, took a chair and sat down.
He opened the door, turned on the TV and began to watch TV.
The woman put on a raincoat, went out and disappeared in the heavy rain.
四、过去完成进行时表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。例如:S
he said that she had been typing a paper before I came in.
He had been writing this novel up to last summer vacation.
注意:在否定句中经常用过去完成时代替过去完成进行时。例如:
They had not swum in the river for a long time.
一般不说:They had not been swimming in the river for a long time.
【词条1】live
【课文原句】Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV. (Page 2, Lines 27-29)
【点拨】live在此句中用作副词,意为"现场直播地,现场地"。又如:
The match is being broadcast live tonight on CCTV-3.
She will sing live at the party tonight.
【拓展】
(1) live还可以用作形容词,表示"现场演出的,现场直播的；活的"。例如:
We found a theatre that has live music on Friday night.
Don’t touch it. It’s a live snake.
(2) live还可以用作动词,意为"生活,居住"等。构成短语有:live by (doing sth.) 靠做某事赚钱为生；live on / up-on以……为主食。
(3) 辨析alive / live / living这组词都有"活的,有生命的"意思。
●alive多用于人,指"还活着的",着重于状态；living指没有死或消失,继续存在、活动或起着作用,可修饰人,也可修饰物；而live一般用来修饰动物。例如:
We don’t know whether he is alive or dead.
English is a living language.
There is a red fish among all the live ones.
●live通常只作前置定语；alive, living不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前,也可置于名词后),也可以作表语；作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,只能用alive。例如:
He can not move and has no feelings but still alive.
Who is the most famous artist alive
All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
I have never seen a live elephant.
We found the snake alive. (只能用alive)
【词条2】worthwhile
【课文原句】Writing is tough work, but I hope it will all be worthwhile, and I will be famous when the play opens! (Page 9)
【点拨】worthwhile在此句中用作形容词,意为"值得的"。又如:
Thank you for making my visit so worthwhile.
It proved worthwhile to make the trip.
【拓展】辨析worth, worthy和worth-while三者都可用作形容词,意为"值得的"。
(1) worth 一般只用作表语,后面一般接动名词的主动形式表示被动的含义,不接不定式；若接名词,只限于钱数或相当于"代价"的词。常用结构为:be worth + n./ doing sth.。例如:
I don’t think the bag worth 150 yuan.
This problem is not worth discussing again and again.
(2) worthy可用作表语和定语,常用结构为:be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done。例如:
The movie is worthy of being seen another time.
Zhang Yining is the worthy champion in Pingpong. (当之无愧的)
My hometown is worthy to be visited.
(3) worthwhile可用作表语和定语,常用结构为:be worthwhile doing sth. / to do sth.,此结构可以转换成Sth. is worth doing或Sth. is worthy of being done / to be done。例如:
It is worthwhile buying / to buy the book.
= The book is worth buying.
= The book is worthy of being bought / to be bought.
Here is some worthwhile advice to new graduates.
【短语1】make fun of
【课文原句】A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience. (Page2, Lines 4-6)
【点拨】make fun of在此句中意为"取笑,拿……开玩笑"。又如:
People make fun of her because she always speaks foolishly.
Don’t make fun of the poor boy.
【拓展】与此短语意思相近的还有:laugh at sb.意思是"嘲笑某人"；play a joke on sb.意思是"戏弄某人"；have a joke with sb. / make jokes about sb.意思是"同某人开玩笑；拿某人开玩笑"；make a fool of sb.意思是"愚弄某人"。例如:
It’s bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
She decided to play a joke on his classmate.
Sorry —I was only having a little joke with you.
In observational comedy, the comedian makes jokes about humorous things he or she observes in everyday life.(Page 2, Lines 7-8)
I like making a fool of my roommate on April Fools’Day.
【短语2】makeup
【课文原句】Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one. (Page 2, Line 39)
【点拨】make up在此句中意为"编造(笑话、故事等)"。又如:
I told the kids a story, making it up as I went along.
He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.
【拓展】make up还有很多其他的意思。例如:
Women make up 95% of the employees in our department. (构成,占据)
I give you half an hour to make up. (化装,打扮)
We need one more person to make up a team. (凑足,补足)
Jack has made up with Mary after the big quarrel. (和解,言归于好)
Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow (补上,补偿)
单元热点语法
一、现在时态的具体构成(以动词play为例)
名称时态构成常见用法特点
一般现在时play plays
1. 表示习惯性、永久性或经常发生的动作
2. 表示普遍真理
现在进行时am is are playing
1. 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作
2. 按照计划或安排将要进行的动作
3. 表示重复的动作，经常与always, forever, constantly等连用
现在完成时has have played
1. 表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在产生的影响
2. 表示从过去某个时间开始持续到现在并且可能延续下去的动作
3. 表示过去重复的动作或经验现在
完成进行时has have been playing表示从过去某时开始发生一直延续到现在的动作，强调动作的延续性
二、例析现在时态的判断方法
判断一个句子应使用哪一个特定的现在时态时应先分析动作发生的背景,看其是否以现在为时间参照点,然后再分析其表示的意义。
例1:It seems that both of your parents __________ you very strictly.
A. treat B. are treating C. were treating D. had treated
析:选A。seems暗示此句表示现在的动作,分析空格后语境逻辑可知,此处表示"一向对待",因此应用一般现在时treat。
例2:They _______ a new house in front of my house, and I can’t stand the noise.
A. build B. have built C. are building D. built
析:选C。由I can’t stand the noise.暗示该空表示"现在正在建",因此应用现在进行时are building。
例3:The price of the computer _______ again, so I don’t want to buy one at pre-sent.
A. rises B. Rose C. has risen D. is rising
析:选C。由don’t want to buy的动词形式及全句语境逻辑可以推出该空表示"现在已经上涨",因此应用现在完成时has risen。
例4:What a day! It __________ heavily for a whole day.
A. rains B. is raining C. has been raining D. rained
析:选C。由语境逻辑可以推出此处表示"到现在为止一直在下雨",因此应用现在完成进行时has been raining。
